TWI496801B - 具有降低起霜傾向之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯 - Google Patents
具有降低起霜傾向之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI496801B TWI496801B TW099107535A TW99107535A TWI496801B TW I496801 B TWI496801 B TW I496801B TW 099107535 A TW099107535 A TW 099107535A TW 99107535 A TW99107535 A TW 99107535A TW I496801 B TWI496801 B TW I496801B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- diisocyanate
- thermoplastic polyurethane
- chain extender
- polyester intermediate
- thermoplastic
- Prior art date
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- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 title claims description 96
- 239000004433 Thermoplastic polyurethane Substances 0.000 title claims description 88
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 45
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000002009 diols Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 poly(1,3-propanedicarboxylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical group OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WTPYFJNYAMXZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenoxy]ethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1 WTPYFJNYAMXZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane-1,5-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCO ALQSHHUCVQOPAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940043375 1,5-pentanediol Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate Chemical compound C1CC(N=C=O)CCC1CC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 KORSJDCBLAPZEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 12
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 4
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229940047652 ear drops Drugs 0.000 description 3
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- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- 239000005059 1,4-Cyclohexyldiisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CO KPSSIOMAKSHJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N (3as,7ar)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1C=CC[C@@H]2C(=O)OC(=O)[C@@H]21 KMOUUZVZFBCRAM-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)N=C=O)=C1 AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSCLFFBWRKTMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC1CCCC(CN=C=O)C1 XSCLFFBWRKTMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLVVSHOQIJBJAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,2,4,4-tetramethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCCC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)CN=C=O VLVVSHOQIJBJAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICLCCFKUSALICQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-4-(4-isocyanato-3-methylphenyl)-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound C1=C(N=C=O)C(C)=CC(C=2C=C(C)C(N=C=O)=CC=2)=C1 ICLCCFKUSALICQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-12-oxododecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QFGCFKJIPBRJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-n-[4-[(3-methylpyrazole-1-carbonyl)amino]butyl]pyrazole-1-carboxamide Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C(=O)NCCCCNC(=O)N1N=C(C)C=C1 WJIOHMVWGVGWJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRQLZCFSWYQHPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dichloro-2-cyclohexyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one Chemical compound O=C1C(Cl)=C(Cl)SN1C1CCCCC1 JRQLZCFSWYQHPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZKGWVTTYPMMKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C(C)(C)C)C=CC(=O)O Chemical compound CC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C(C)(C)C)C=CC(=O)O RZKGWVTTYPMMKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQAOUQHHGGJEHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BQAOUQHHGGJEHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N iron;(z)-4-oxoniumylidenepent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Fe].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DSSXKBBEJCDMBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M lead(2+);octanoate Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O DSSXKBBEJCDMBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- AKTIAGQCYPCKFX-FDGPNNRMSA-L magnesium;(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Mg+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O AKTIAGQCYPCKFX-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004989 p-phenylenediamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OOCYPIXCHKROMD-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenyl(propanoyloxy)mercury Chemical compound CCC(=O)O[Hg]C1=CC=CC=C1 OOCYPIXCHKROMD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008029 phthalate plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(ii) 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O.CCCCC(CC)C([O-])=O KSBAEPSJVUENNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/72—Heating or cooling
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Description
本發明係關於一種提供降低的起霜特徵之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯(TPU)。這些熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯包含(1)羥基終端的聚酯中間物、(2)聚異氰酸酯與(3)二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與二羧酸之重覆單元;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物具有數量平均分子量在500至10,000道耳吞(Daltons)的範圍內;及其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯包括硬片段,其為該聚異氰酸酯與該二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物。
TPU聚合物典型藉由反應(1)羥基終端的聚醚或羥基終端的聚酯、(2)鏈伸長劑與(3)異氰酸酯化合物製得。已在文獻中揭示出三種反應物各者之多種型式的化合物。已發現從這三種反應物製得之TPU聚合物使用在多種領域中,其中藉由熔融加工該TPU及藉由諸如擠壓及模製之方法將其形成多種形狀而製造出想要的物件以製得產物。
TPU為具有軟片段及硬片段的分段聚合物。此構形說明其優良的彈性性質。軟片段衍生自該羥基終端的聚醚或聚酯及硬片段衍生自該異氰酸酯與鏈伸長劑。該鏈伸長劑典型為多種二醇之一,諸如1,4-丁二醇。
美國專利5,959,059揭示出一種從羥基終端的聚醚、二
醇鏈伸長劑及二異氰酸酯製得的TPU。已描述出此TPU有用地用來製造纖維、高爾夫球核心、休閒用車輪及其它用途。
起霜為時常在以熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯製得的物件中觀察到之問題。起霜亦大概指為”表面霧狀”或”表面霧化”。起霜不想要,因為以會起霜的聚合物製造之物件會破壞其表面特徵的美觀。特別不希望起霜發生在需要透明度的物件中。起霜是不被希求的,因其會降低由該會起霜的聚合物製得之物件以黏著劑安全地黏結至其它物件的能力。起霜已長期認知為在某些應用中為嚴重的問題,並尋找減輕其之有效方法已數年。
美國專利5,491,211揭示出一種據知為不起霜之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物。據知此目標藉由在該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物中包含一與異氰酸酯反應的單官能基化合物達成。為了控制起霜的目的,美國專利5,491,211特別揭示出使用包含至少14個碳原子之單官能基醇,諸如1-十四醇、1-十八醇或1-廿二醇。
本發明係關於一種已大大降低起霜傾向之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯。需高度在需高透明度的應用中,降低聚合物起霜傾向,因為起霜會使得以會起霜的聚合物製得之物件在外觀上模糊或朦朧。起霜亦會降低由會起霜的聚合物製得之物件以黏著劑安全地黏結至另一物件的能力。
本發明揭示出一種熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其包含(1)羥基終端的聚酯中間物、(2)聚異氰酸酯與(3)二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物組成;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與二羧酸之重覆單元;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物具有數量平均分子量在500至10,000道耳吞之範圍內;及其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯包括硬片段,其為聚異氰酸酯與二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物。本發明之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物不需要與異氰酸酯反應的單官能基化合物(諸如具有至少14個碳原子的單官能基伸烷基醇)來控制起霜。
本發明進一步揭示出一種用來製造模製物件的方法,其包含(a)將一熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物加熱至溫度高於該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物的熔點,其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物為(1)羥基終端的聚酯中間物、(2)聚異氰酸酯與(3)二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與二羧酸之重覆單元;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物具有數量平均分子量在500至10,000道耳吞之範圍內;及其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯包括硬片段,其為聚異氰酸酯與二醇鏈伸長劑的反應產物;(b)將該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物注入一模具中;(c)將該在模具中的熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物冷卻至溫度低於該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物之熔點,以製造該模製物件;及(d)從模具中移出該模製物件。
本發明進一步揭示出一種用來製造擠壓物件(諸如纖維、薄片、膜、管子及軟管)的方法,其包含(a)將一熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物加熱至溫度高於該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物的熔點,其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物為(1)羥基終端的聚酯中間物、(2)聚異氰酸酯與(3)二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與二羧酸之重覆單元;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物具有數量平均分子量在500至10,000道耳吞之範圍內;及其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯包括硬片段,其為聚異氰酸酯與二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物;(b)將該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物擠壓成想要的擠壓物件形狀;及(c)將該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物冷卻至溫度低於該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物之熔點,以製造該擠壓物件。此擠壓方法在製造用來輸送蔬菜油、其它可食用液體及其它有機液體的透明管及軟管時特別有價值。該擠壓方法可為異型壓出(profile extrusion)方法。
在本發明的另一個具體實例中,該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物可吹氣模製成想要製造的物件。例如,該聚胺基甲酸酯組成物可被吹氣模製成透明的瓶子。
在本發明的另一個具體實例中,揭示出一種具有鞋幫及鞋底的鞋子。在此鞋子中,該鞋底包含熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯組成物,其中該組成物為(1)羥基終端的聚酯中間物、(2)聚異氰酸酯與(3)二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物;其中該羥基
終端的聚酯中間物包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與二羧酸的重覆單元;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物具有數量平均分子量在500至10,000道耳吞之範圍內;及其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯包括硬片段,其為聚異氰酸酯與二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物。
本發明之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯為(1)羥基終端的聚酯中間物、(2)聚異氰酸酯與(3)二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物。使用習知的設備、觸媒及程序進行聚合這些反應物以合成該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯之技術。但是,該羥基終端的聚酯中間物包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與二羧酸之重覆單元是重要。該羥基終端的聚酯中間物將亦典型具有數量平均分子量在500至10,000道耳吞之範圍內。
使用來製造該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯之羥基終端的中間物為包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與二羧酸的重覆單元之羥基終端的聚酯中間物。1,3-丙二醇將代表使用來合成該羥基終端的聚酯中間物之二醇組分的至少70重量百分比。典型來說,1,3-丙二醇將代表使用來合成該羥基終端的聚酯中間物的二醇組分之至少80百分比及將代表該二醇組分之至少90重量百分比較佳。正常來說,1,3-丙二醇代表使用來合成羥基終端的聚酯中間物之二醇組分的至少95重量百分比更佳。
使用來製造該羥基終端的聚酯中間物之二羧酸可為脂肪族、環脂族、芳香族或其組合。可單獨或以混合物使用之合適的二羧酸通常具有總共從4至15個碳原子及包括:琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、酞酸、異酞酸、對酞酸、2,6-萘二羧酸、環己烷二羧酸及其類似物。所使用的二羧酸典型將為式:HOOC(CH2)nCOOH,其中n代表在範圍2至10內的整數,從4至8較佳及4-7最佳。己二酸為較佳的酸。亦可使用上述二羧酸的酐(諸如酞酸酐、四氫酞酸酐或其類似物),藉由轉酯基反應來合成該中間物。
使用來製造本發明的熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯之羥基終端的聚酯中間物典型將具有數量平均分子量(Mn)(如藉由終端官能基之分析測量)在約500至約10,000道耳吞之範圍內,典型約750至約4,000道耳吞,想要從約1000至約3,000道耳吞,從約1000至約2,500道耳吞最佳。可使用二或更多種羥基終端的聚酯中間物之摻合物來製得本發明的TPU。
使用來製造本發明之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的二醇鏈伸長劑有乙二醇、丙二醇或其混合物。該二醇鏈伸長劑亦可包括1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇及氫醌雙(2-羥乙基)醚(HQEE)。僅使用1,3-丙二醇及/或1,4-丁二醇作為該鏈伸長劑高度較佳。
使用來合成該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯的聚異氰酸酯為二異氰酸酯較佳。然而可使用脂肪族二異氰酸酯,且芳香族
二異氰酸酯為極佳。再者,通常避免使用會造成交聯的多官能基異氰酸酯化合物(即,三異氰酸酯等等),因此其所使用的量(若有的話)通常少於4莫耳百分比及少於2莫耳百分比較佳(以多種所使用的異氰酸酯全部之總莫耳數為準)。合適的二異氰酸酯包括芳香族二異氰酸酯,諸如4,4’-亞甲基雙-(異氰酸苯酯)(MDI)、2,4’-亞甲基雙-(異氰酸苯酯)、二異氰酸間-茬二酯(XDI)、二異氰酸間-四甲基茬二酯(TMXDI)、伸苯基-1,4-二異氰酸酯(PPDI)、二異氰酸1,5-萘酯(NDI)、二苯基甲烷-3,3’-二甲氧基-4,4’-二異氰酸酯(TODI)及二異氰酸甲苯酯(TDI)。合適的脂肪族二異氰酸酯之實施例包括二異氰酸異佛爾酮酯(IPDI)、二異氰酸1,4-環己酯(CHDI)、二異氰酸己二酯(HDI)、1,6-二異氰酸基-2,2,4,4-四甲基己烷(TMDI)、1,3-雙(異氰酸基-甲基)環己烷(HXDI)、二異氰酸1,6-己烷酯(HDI)、二異氰酸1,10-癸烷酯及二異氰酸反-二環己基甲烷酯(HMDI)。通常使用的二異氰酸酯為4,4’-亞甲基雙(異氰酸苯酯)(MDI)。亦可使用上述的二異氰酸酯之二聚物及三聚物,和可使用二或更多種二異氰酸酯之摻合物。
在本發明中所使用的聚異氰酸酯可為以異氰酸酯封閉末端之低分子量聚合物或寡聚物形式。例如,上述描述之羥基終端的聚酯中間物可與含異氰酸酯化合物反應以產生一以異氰酸酯封閉末端的低分子量聚合物。在TPU技術中,此材料正常指為預聚物。此預聚物正常具有數量平均
分子量(Mn)在約500至約10,000道耳吞之範圍內。
對該一或多種羥基終端的聚酯中間物與該一或多種鏈增量劑的總莫耳數之每莫耳來說,該一或多種二異氰酸酯之莫耳比率通常為從約0.95至約1.05,及從約0.98至約1.03莫耳較佳。
該用來製造本發明之TPU聚合物的方法可使用習知的TPU製造設備。通常一起加入如上述提及之羥基終端的聚酯中間物、二異氰酸酯及鏈伸長劑,且根據任何習知的胺基甲酸酯反應方法來反應。在合適的混合器(諸如密閉式混合機已知如為班百利(Banbury)混合器,或擠壓器較佳)中熔融聚合本發明之TPU形成組分較佳。在較佳的方法中,摻合該羥基終端的聚酯中間物與該二醇鏈伸長劑,並以一摻合物加入至擠壓器。將二異氰酸酯分別加入至該擠壓器。該二異氰酸酯之合適的加工或聚合起始溫度從約100℃至約200℃,及從約100℃至約150℃較佳。該羥基終端的聚酯中間物與該鏈伸長劑之摻合物之合適的加工或聚合起始溫度從約100℃至約220℃,及從約150℃至200℃較佳。為了能夠讓多種組分反應及形成本發明之TPU聚合物,合適的混合時間通常從約2至約10分鐘,及從約3至約5分鐘較佳。
製造本發明之TPU的較佳方法有指為一次聚合方法之方法。在通常就地發生的一次聚合方法中,在三種組分(其為一或多種羥基終端的聚酯中間物、二醇及二異氰酸酯)間發生同步反應。該反應通常在溫度從約90℃至約120℃下開
始。由於該反應為放熱,該反應溫度通常增加至約220℃至250℃。在使用乙二醇作為鏈伸長劑的實例中,限制此放熱反應的溫度至最高235℃以防止不希望得到的發泡體形成程度重要。該TPU聚合物將引出該反應擠壓器及小球化。該TPU丸粒正常貯存在熱容器中以繼續反應及乾燥TPU丸粒。
經常想要使用觸媒,諸如亞錫及其它金屬羧酸鹽和三級胺。金屬羧酸鹽觸媒之實施例包括辛酸亞錫、二月桂酸二丁基錫、丙酸苯基汞、辛酸鉛、乙醯丙酮酸鐵、乙醯丙酮酸鎂及其類似物。三級胺觸媒的實施例包括三乙烯二胺及其類似物。該一或多種觸媒的量低,通常從每百萬重量份所形成的最後TPU聚合物約50至約100重量份。
本發明之TPU聚合物的重量平均分子量(Mw)範圍從約90,000至約600,000道耳吞,從約100,000至約300,000道耳吞較佳及從約120,000至約250,000道耳吞更佳。根據凝膠滲透層析法(GPC)對著聚苯乙烯標準物測量該TPU聚合物的Mw。
當想要較高分子量的TPU聚合物時,其可藉由使用小量具有平均官能度大於2.0的交聯劑來引發交聯而達成。所使用的交聯劑之量少於該鏈伸長劑的總莫耳數之2莫耳百分比較佳,及少於1莫耳百分比更佳。增加在較佳TPU聚合物中的分子量之特別想要的方法為以三羥甲基丙烷(TMP)置換少於1莫耳百分比之鏈伸長劑。
藉由在該反應混合物中一起加入具有平均官能度大於2.0的交聯劑與羥基終端的中間物、異氰酸酯化合物及鏈伸長劑達成交聯,以製造該TPU聚合物。在該反應混合物中,使用來製得TPU聚合物的交聯劑量將依想要的分子量及所使用的特別交聯劑之效率而定。通常來說,使用少於2.0莫耳百分比及少於1.0莫耳百分比較佳,以在製造該TPU聚合物中所使用的鏈伸長劑之總莫耳數為準。交聯劑程度大於2.0莫耳百分比(以該鏈伸長劑的總莫耳數為準)將難以熔融加工。因此,所使用的交聯劑程度從約0.05莫耳百分比至約2.0莫耳百分比(以該羥基組分之總莫耳數為準)。
該交聯劑可為任何具有平均官能度大於2.0及具有交聯TPU聚合物的能力之單體或寡聚性材料。此材料在熱固性聚胺基甲酸酯之技藝中熟知。較佳的交聯劑包括三羥甲基丙烷(TMP)及新戊四醇。已經發現三羥甲基丙烷為特別想要的交聯劑。
本發明之TPU聚合物可與多種習知的添加劑或化合試劑混合,諸如充填劑、增量劑、顏料、潤滑劑、UV吸收劑及其類似物。但是,本發明之TPU正常無塑化劑。可使用的充填劑包括滑石、矽酸鹽、黏土、碳酸鈣及其類似物。習知的添加劑之程度將依最後性質及想要的末端使用應用之成本而定,如已由熟知化合TPU此技藝之人士所熟知。可在反應以形成TPU期間加入該添加劑,但是正常在第二化合步驟中加入。
本發明之TPU聚合物具有至少約170℃的高熔點,至少約185℃較佳及至少約200℃最佳。本發明之TPU典型將具有熔點在170℃至240℃之範圍內,及更典型將具有熔點在185℃至220℃之範圍內。本發明之TPU將具有熔點在200℃至220℃之範圍內較佳。高熔點在使用熔紡纖維與其它合成纖維(諸如聚酯)之應用中重要。某些熔融塗佈應用亦需要高熔點TPU以度過製造製程,特別是需要使用氟化的聚合物之那些應用。可根據ASTM D-3417-99,使用示差掃描卡計(DSC)來測量TPU聚合物的熔點。但是,在非常軟的聚合物之實例中,可使用考普弗勒(Kopfler)方法來測量TPU熔點。
本發明之TPU聚合物的硬度範圍,根據ASTM D2240測量,可從極軟(蕭式(Shore)A硬度約20)至相當硬(蕭式D硬度約80),ASTM D2240測量。本發明之TPU聚合物典型將具有蕭式而A硬度在30至70之範圍內及將更典型具有蕭式A硬度在35至60範圍內。可藉由在TPU組成物中包含塑化劑(諸如酞酸酯塑化劑)來軟化該TPU。但是,應該注意的是,在想要產物透明的應用中排除使用危害透明度的塑化劑。
可在本發明之TPU組成物中包含其它習知的添加劑。在這些當中,其它習知的添加劑有例如抗氧化劑、抗臭氧劑、耐水解劑、擠壓助劑、UV安定劑、鏈終止劑、光安定劑、著色劑及阻燃劑。這些添加劑及其在聚胺基甲酸酯組成物中的用途通常已知。典型來說,這些添加劑的使用量
可達成想要的效應。過量的添加劑量可將聚胺基甲酸酯組成物之其它性質降低至超過想要的極限。
抗氧化劑典型防止或終止在物件之生命週期內造成聚胺基甲酸酯物件降解的氧化反應。典型的抗氧化劑包括酮類、醛類及芳基胺類、和酚化合物。該化合物的特定實施例包括亞乙基雙(氧伸乙基)雙(3-三級丁基-4-羥基-5-甲基桂皮酸酯及四[亞甲基(3,5-雙三級丁基-4-羥基氫化桂皮酸酯)]甲烷。合適的商業抗氧化劑之實施例包括俄加諾克斯(Irganox)1010、俄加諾克斯1098、俄加諾克斯565及俄加諾克斯1035(N.Y.阿德斯里(Ardsley)的汽巴傑吉公司(Ciba-Geigy Corp.))。
抗臭氧劑防止或降低由臭氧造成的損傷,及耐水解劑防止或降低來自水及其它水解化合物之損傷。合適的抗臭氧劑之實施例包括對-苯二胺衍生物。耐水解劑包括例如史塔巴梭(Stabaxol)P及史塔巴梭P-200(N.J.特倫頓(Trenton)的雷因化學(Rhein Chemie))。
擠壓助劑促進聚胺基甲酸酯移動通過擠壓器。蠟(諸如,蠟E(N.J.查坦(Chatham)的侯愛趣斯特西蘭尼斯公司(Hoechst-Celanese Corp.))、阿夸瓦斯(Acrawax)(N.J.費爾勞恩(Fair Lawn)的隆日公司(Lonza Inc.))及氧化的聚乙烯629A(N.J.摩里斯鎮(Morristown)的阿利葉得訊號公司(Allied-Signal Inc.))為合適的擠壓助劑。這些擠壓助劑亦可作用為脫模劑或可將額外的脫模劑加入至組成物。
使用鏈終止劑來控制分子量。該鏈終止劑之實施例包括具有8或更多個碳原子的單醇化合物。
光安定劑防止或減低聚合物產物由於可見光或紫外光的降解。合適的光安定劑之實施例包括苯并三唑(諸如聽紐紋(TINUVIN)P)及位阻胺光安定劑(諸如聽紐紋770)。
本發明藉由下列實施例闡明,其全然為了闡明的目的而不欲視為本發明之範圍或可實行的方式之限制。除非其它方面特別指示出,否則份及百分比以重量計提供。
在此實驗中所製得的TPU全部使用相同的一般程序製得。所使用的程序包括將一羥基終端的聚酯中間物、鏈伸長劑及二異氰酸酯之摻合物分別加熱至約150℃,然後混合該等原料。該反應為放熱及溫度在約1至5分鐘內增加至在約200℃至250℃的範圍內,在此時間期間發生聚合(如由黏度增加顯示出)。在實施例1中,使用來製得TPU之羥基終端的中間物為聚(己二酸1,3-丙二酯)二醇,及在比較例2中所使用之羥基終端的中間物為聚(己二酸1,4-丁二酯)二醇。在製造二者聚合物時所使用的鏈伸長劑為1,4-丁二醇,及在製造二者聚合物時所使用的二異氰酸酯為4,4’-亞甲基雙-(異氰酸苯酯)。
將在實施例1及比較例2二者中製得之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯擠壓成薄片。讓該等薄片老化約4年的時期。在實施例1中製得之薄片基本上無起霜。但是,在比較例2中製得的
薄片顯示出嚴重的起霜。事實上,藉由以指尖摩擦薄片,從在比較例2中製得的薄片移除起霜。在任何實例中,此實驗顯示出起霜基本上藉由使用聚(己二酸1,3-丙二酯)二醇作為羥基終端的聚酯中間物消除。
在此系列實驗中所製得的TPU全部使用相同的一般程序製得。所使用的程序包括將一羥基終端的聚酯中間物、鏈伸長劑及二異氰酸酯之摻合物分別加熱至約150℃,然後混合該等原料。該反應為放熱及溫度在約1至5分鐘內增加至在約200℃至250℃的範圍內,在此時間期間發生聚合(如由黏度增加顯示出)。在合成這些TPU時所使用的多元醇及鏈伸長劑確認在表1中。
1 ASTM D412
2 ASTM D470
BDOA=聚(己二酸四亞甲基酯)二醇
PDOA=聚(己二酸三亞甲基酯)二醇
BDO=1,4-丁二醇
PDO=1,3-丙二醇
可從表1中得知,以聚(己二酸三亞甲基酯)二醇製得之TPU樣品不起霜。但是,使用聚(己二酸四亞甲基酯)二醇製得之樣品在老化僅3個月後顯示出中等至大量的起霜。
雖然為了闡明本發明之目的已經顯示出某些代表性具體實例及細節,將由熟知此技藝之人士明瞭可在其中製得多種改變及改質而沒有離開本發明之範圍。
Claims (14)
- 一種熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其由(1)羥基終端的聚酯中間物、(2)二異氰酸酯與(3)二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物所組成;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與己二酸之重覆單元;其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物具有數量平均分子量在500至10,000道耳吞之範圍內;及其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯包括硬片段,其為該二異氰酸酯與該二醇鏈伸長劑之反應產物。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該二醇鏈伸長劑選自於由下列所組成之群:乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇及氫醌雙(2-羥乙基)醚。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該二醇鏈伸長劑為1,4-丁二醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該二醇鏈伸長劑為1,3-丙二醇。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該二異氰酸酯為芳香族二異氰酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第5項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該芳香族聚異氰酸酯選自於由下列所組成之群:4,4’-亞甲基雙-(異氰酸苯酯)、二異氰酸間-二甲苯酯、伸苯基-1-4-二異氰酸酯、萘-1,5-二異氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷-3,3’-二甲氧基-4,4’-二異氰酸酯及二異氰酸甲苯酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該二異氰酸酯為選自於由下列所組成之群的脂肪族二異氰酸酯:二異氰酸異佛爾酮酯、二異氰酸1,4-環己酯、癸烷-1,10-二異氰酸酯、二環己基甲烷-4,4’-二異氰酸酯及二異氰酸1,6-己烷酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物為聚(己二酸1,3-丙二酯)二醇,其中該二醇鏈伸長劑為1,4-丁二醇,及其中該二異氰酸酯為4,4’-亞甲基雙-(異氰酸苯酯)。
- 如申請專利範圍第8項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該羥基終端的聚酯中間物具有數量平均分子量在1000至4000道耳吞之範圍內。
- 如申請專利範圍第9項之熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯,其中該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯具有重量平均分子量至少100,000道耳吞;及其中該硬片段代表該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯之總重量的從10重量百分比至40重量百分比。
- 一種透明膜,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性胺基甲酸酯。
- 一種透明管,其包含如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性胺基甲酸酯。
- 一種具有鞋幫及鞋底的鞋子,其中該鞋底包含如申請專利範圍第1項之熱塑性胺基甲酸酯。
- 一種減少熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物起霜傾向之方 法,包含藉由下列之反應以製造該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯:(1)羥基終端的聚酯中間物,其包含衍生自1,3-丙二醇與己二酸之重覆單元,並具有數量平均分子量在500至10,000道耳吞之範圍內;(2)為4,4’-亞甲基雙-(異氰酸苯酯)的二異氰酸酯;及(3)二醇鏈伸長劑,其中1,3丙二醇代表用於合成該羥基終端的聚酯中間物之二醇成分的70至95重量百分比,且該熱塑性聚胺基甲酸酯聚合物具有硬度範圍蕭氏A 85至蕭氏D 80。
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| AU2010226286A2 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
| SG174149A1 (en) | 2011-10-28 |
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| US20100239803A1 (en) | 2010-09-23 |
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| BRPI1009579B1 (pt) | 2020-09-15 |
| KR101861214B1 (ko) | 2018-05-25 |
| CN102356104A (zh) | 2012-02-15 |
| BRPI1009579A2 (pt) | 2016-03-08 |
| US9403303B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
| KR20110139289A (ko) | 2011-12-28 |
| US20140333001A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
| EP2408831B2 (en) | 2020-03-04 |
| EP2408831B1 (en) | 2017-05-10 |
| TW201038606A (en) | 2010-11-01 |
| AU2010226286B2 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
| TR201815253T4 (tr) | 2018-11-21 |
| JP5684227B2 (ja) | 2015-03-11 |
| EP3199563B1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
| CA2754824C (en) | 2017-10-31 |
| EP2408831A1 (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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