US2514941A - Process for increasing the corrosion-resistance of metals - Google Patents
Process for increasing the corrosion-resistance of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2514941A US2514941A US764029A US76402947A US2514941A US 2514941 A US2514941 A US 2514941A US 764029 A US764029 A US 764029A US 76402947 A US76402947 A US 76402947A US 2514941 A US2514941 A US 2514941A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- complex
- bath
- phosphate
- anhydrous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 24
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZVCNBVJYXBEKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanium;zinc;phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZVCNBVJYXBEKTC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004700 cobalt complex Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940010556 ammonium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical compound [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O MXZRMHIULZDAKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium phosphates Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZRIUUUJAJJNDSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ASYZRLCMYUFCHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane cobalt phosphoric acid Chemical compound N.[Co].OP(O)(O)=O ASYZRLCMYUFCHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLHVNMVDDJEESE-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanium;cadmium(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cd+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WLHVNMVDDJEESE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- VYWFSEFNFCMTOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L azanium manganese(2+) phosphate hydrate Chemical compound O.P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Mn+2].[NH4+] VYWFSEFNFCMTOO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116349 dibasic ammonium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in processes for increasing the corrosion-resistance of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys, particularly iron, steel, zinc and aluminium and its-
- the addition of such compounds leads: to a lowering of the corrosion resistance of the formed coatings, and is thus contraindicated in cases where the protection of the metal is the primary object of the treatment.
- the formation of the phosphate coating on metals and alloys is greatly improved by the incorporation in the phosphating solution of a relatively small amount of one or more complex anhydrous ammonium metallophosphates and/or solid solutions of one such complex phosphate in another such complex phosphate, all such complex phosphates being characterised by the presence of all the metal in the anion.
- the coating thus formed is-of extremely fine grained uniform texture, highly resistant against corrosion and of greater density and lower porosity than normally produced phos phate coatings.
- Anhydrous zinc ammonium phosphate is the only member of this group which has so far been isolated in the pure stateand is easily prepared by known means.
- the anhydrous ammonium phosphate of a number of other metals while unstable in the pure state are stabilized when precipitated in the form of solid solutions in the anhydrous zinc ammonium phosphate.
- M is a divalent metal
- Solid solutions of divalent metal ammonium phosphates in zinc ammonium phosphate are conveniently prepared by coprecipitating a solution of salts of zinc and the other metal or -metals with diammonium hydrogen phosphate.
- the structural formula which has been asll tion, namely, the zinc complex and the solid rust-proofing solution is prepared by dissolving in a concentrated aqueous solution of phosphoric acid, sulphide of iron and carbonate of soda.
- the sodium carbonate can also be omitted entirely or can be added to the rustproofing bath at the time of its application.
- Analogous results are obtained by reacting phosphoric acid with other iron compounds, or with metallic iron, provided that there is added, either during the reaction or afterwards, a sulphide such as the sulphides of potassium, sodium and calcium.
- iron sulphide is preferable, because it has both the advantage of facilitating attack by the acid and of producing sulphuretted hydrogen.
- 336 grammes of iron sulphide are mixed with a litre of ortho-phosrhoric acid consisting of 500 cc. of 83% acid (density 1.7 or 60 Baum) and 500 cc. of water.
- a rustproofing bath is obtained by mixing the above product with water in the proportion of about 21 cc. the product per litre of water.
- the bath is maintained at a temperature of 100 C. and the articles are left therein for about 1 /2 hours.
- the strength of the bath diminishes in proportion as the insoluble phosphate is deposited on the articles treated.
- a certain amount of the product is added from time to time in order to bring the bath to the composition desired. The amount of the product to be added can be determined easily by measuring the density of the bath.
- the points strength of the bath is the number of cc. of decinormal caustic soda required to neutralize 10 cc. of the bath solution using phenolphthalein as indicator.
- the materials disclosed in the present specification are complex phosphates of divalent metals
- a process for the productionot-a protective coating on the surface or a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, zinc, and aluminum which comprises treating said surface with a liquid coating composition containing an aqueous solution of a metal phosphate and phosphoric acid and containing also in dissolved state a. relatively small amount of anhydrous zinc ammonium phosphate.
- a process for the production of a protective I coating on the surface oi a metal selected from aluminum which comprises-treating said surface with a liquid coating composition containing an aqueous solution 0! a metal phosphate and phosphoric acid and containing also in dissolved state a relatively small amo'untof a solid solution of an anhydrous metallo-ammonium phosphate selected from the group consisting of anhydrous cobalt ammonium phosphate, anhydrous magnesium ammonium phosphate and anhydrous cadmium ammonium phosphate in solid anhydrous zinc ammonium phosphate.
- a liquid coating composition for the production of a protective coating on the surface of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel. zinc. and aluminum said liquid coating composition containing an aqueous solution of a metal phosphate and phosphoric acid and containing also in dissolved state a relativeLv small amount of anhydrous zinc ammonium phosphate.
- a liquid coating composition for the production oi a protective coating on the surface of a metal selected from the group consisting of. iron. steel, zinc, and aluminum, said liquid coating composition containing an aqueous solution or a metal phosphate and phosphoric acid and containing also in dissolved state a relatively small amount ot a solid solution of an anhydrous metallo-ammonium phosphate selected from the group consisting of anhydrous cobalt ammonium phosphate, anhydrous magnesium ammonium phosphate and anhydrous cadmium ammonium phosphate in solid anhydrous zinc ammonium phosphate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1006634X | 1946-05-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2514941A true US2514941A (en) | 1950-07-11 |
Family
ID=10867679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US764029A Expired - Lifetime US2514941A (en) | 1946-05-13 | 1947-07-26 | Process for increasing the corrosion-resistance of metals |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2514941A (fr) |
| BE (1) | BE476721A (fr) |
| CH (1) | CH275162A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR1006634A (fr) |
| GB (1) | GB599784A (fr) |
| NL (1) | NL70717C (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2758949A (en) * | 1951-06-28 | 1956-08-14 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Alkali metal phosphate coating solutions and the method of forming coatings therewith |
| US3090709A (en) * | 1953-08-10 | 1963-05-21 | Lubrizol Corp | Phosphate coating of metals |
| US3218200A (en) * | 1953-08-10 | 1965-11-16 | Lubrizol Corp | Phosphate coating of metals |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2752851B1 (fr) * | 1996-09-02 | 1998-11-13 | Cfpi Ind | Bain et procede de phosphatation de substrats metalliques, concentre pour la preparation de ce bain et substrats metalliques traites a l'aide de ces bain et procede |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE584411C (de) * | 1931-09-22 | 1933-09-20 | Aladar Pacz Dr | Verfahren zur Herstellung von korrosionsfesten UEberzuegen auf Eisen und Stahl |
| GB419487A (en) * | 1933-10-12 | 1934-11-13 | Edward Alun Walters | An improved rust preventing composition and method of making the same |
| US2312855A (en) * | 1940-09-07 | 1943-03-02 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Method of coating aluminum |
| US2418608A (en) * | 1939-05-22 | 1947-04-08 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Corrosion-resistant metallic article and method of making the same |
-
1946
- 1946-05-13 GB GB14440/46A patent/GB599784A/en not_active Expired
-
1947
- 1947-07-26 US US764029A patent/US2514941A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1947-10-15 BE BE476721D patent/BE476721A/fr unknown
- 1947-10-22 CH CH275162D patent/CH275162A/fr unknown
- 1947-10-23 FR FR1006634D patent/FR1006634A/fr not_active Expired
- 1947-10-24 NL NL135595A patent/NL70717C/nl active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE584411C (de) * | 1931-09-22 | 1933-09-20 | Aladar Pacz Dr | Verfahren zur Herstellung von korrosionsfesten UEberzuegen auf Eisen und Stahl |
| GB419487A (en) * | 1933-10-12 | 1934-11-13 | Edward Alun Walters | An improved rust preventing composition and method of making the same |
| GB447176A (en) * | 1933-10-12 | 1936-05-13 | William Ivan Walters | Improvements relating to rustproofing compositions |
| US2418608A (en) * | 1939-05-22 | 1947-04-08 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Corrosion-resistant metallic article and method of making the same |
| US2312855A (en) * | 1940-09-07 | 1943-03-02 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Method of coating aluminum |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2758949A (en) * | 1951-06-28 | 1956-08-14 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Alkali metal phosphate coating solutions and the method of forming coatings therewith |
| US3090709A (en) * | 1953-08-10 | 1963-05-21 | Lubrizol Corp | Phosphate coating of metals |
| US3218200A (en) * | 1953-08-10 | 1965-11-16 | Lubrizol Corp | Phosphate coating of metals |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB599784A (en) | 1948-03-19 |
| FR1006634A (fr) | 1952-04-25 |
| BE476721A (fr) | 1947-11-29 |
| NL70717C (nl) | 1952-09-15 |
| CH275162A (fr) | 1951-05-15 |
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