Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/222—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin
  • C11D3/227—Natural or synthetic polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch, gum, alginic acid or cyclodextrin with nitrogen-containing groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D3/22—Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof
  • C11D3/221—Mono, di- or trisaccharides or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen

Definitions

• the present invention relates to detergent compositions containing an additive which imparts to these detergent compositions improved sudsing characteristics and more particularly to improvements in the sudsing and suds stability characteristics of detergent compositions containing sulfated and sulfonated anionic detergents.
• Synthetic detergents of the anionic sulfated and sulfonated types are known to have excellent detersive properties. Often, however, for purposes of consumer appeal, it is thought to be desirable to increase and improve the sudsing characteristics of these detergent compositions, particularly in regard to products designed primarily to be used for washing dishes, and other kitchen utensils. To the average housewife, the suds floating on a washing solution serves as an indication of the remaining washing power and as a means for covering from sight the solution itself which may take on an unpleasant appearance after being in use a short time. Greasy materials and scraps of food are often carried into the washing solution.
• the present invention relates to the recognition of the alkylurea glycosides as a class of compounds which when present in minor amounts, impart to the active detergent in a detergent composition greatly improved sudsing and suds stability characteristics, especially when these compositions are used at customary dishwashing and laundering temperatures.
• R is a higher alkyl radical having from about ten to about fifteen carbon atoms and R is either a monosaccharide or a reducing oligosaccharide.
• the structural formulas indicated that I include compounds in which the carbohydrate moiety is attached to either of the nitrogen atoms of the urea moiety. 1
• Either or both of the hydrogen atoms can be substituted by low molecular weight alkyl or alkylol groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, methylol, ethanol, propanol and dihydroxy propyl.
• the lower alkyl and the lower alkylol groups should not contain in excess of three carbon atoms each, and the lower alkylol groups may be monoor polyhydroxy in structure.
• the polyalkyl and polyalkylol derivatives of the alkylurea glycosides may be symmetrical or unsymmetrical.
• alkylureas (P114013 0 n .i 111 H NHCONHC Hn l H on Beta onion o 11 NI-IOONHCmHn HO F f n I I H on Methods for the preparation of the alkyl ureas, alkylalkylol ureas, mixed polyalkyl ureas, etc. arenurnerous and are well known in the art.
• Several means of preparing alkylurea glycosides are known in the art; one method may be illustrated by the preparation of dodecylurea-N'- glucoside: A mixture of 22.8 g. of dodecylurea, 19.8 g. of glucose, 2.5 g. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 200 ml. of 95% ethyl alcohol is stirred and heated at 50 C. for 100 hours, then cooled and filtered. The product is washed successively with water and hot benzene.
• All monosaccharides and reducing oligosaccharides can condense with the alkylureas to form al kylurea glycosides.
• a monosaccharide or an oligosaccharide having a monosaccharide residue with unsubstituted hemiacetal hydroxyls When such unsubstituted hemiacetal hydroxyls are present, the oligosaccharides reduce alkaline copper-salt solutions, mutarotate, and form glycosides as dothe monosaccharides. In the absence of a reducing group, none of these reactions are exhibited.
• oligosaccharides is used to differentiate the di, triand tetrasaccharides from the monosaccharides.
• the following oligosaccharides since they do not contain unsubstituted hemiacetal hydroxyls, will not condense with the alkylureas to give the desired alkylurea glycosides: sucrose, trehalose, melizitose, raffinose, gentianose, labiose, and stachyose.
• oligosaccharides which", because of the presence of'unsubstituted hemiacetal hydroxyls, are reducing carbohydrates, and which will condense with the alkylureas to form alkylurea glycosides are as follows: maltose, lactose, cellobiose, melibiose, etc.
• Water soluble salts of sulfonic acids which exhibit detergent effect such as the higher alkylated benzene sulfonic acids (eJg. potassium. salt of the sulfonic acid derived from the condensation product of benzene and a chlorinated kerosene fraction containing predominantly twelve carbon atoms per molecule, or the sodium salt of the sulfonic acid derived from the condensation product of benzene and polypropylenes having from 9 to 15 carbon atoms and averaging 12 carbon atoms) are greatly improved in respect to their sudsing properties by addition thereto of a smaller amount of the substituted amides mentioned above.
• the higher alkylated benzene sulfonic acids eJg. potassium. salt of the sulfonic acid derived from the condensation product of benzene and a chlorinated kerosene fraction containing predominantly twelve carbon atoms per molecule
• water soluble salts of higher mono fatty acid esters of 1,Z-dihydroxypropane-3-sulfonic acid will find use in the practice of this invention.
• water soluble salts of higher fatty acid monoesters of lower molecular weight hydroxy alkyl sulfonic acids e.g. oleic acid ester of the sodium salt of isethionic acid
• water soluble salts of higher fatty acid amides of lower molecular amino alkyl sulfonic acids e.g. ammonium salt of oleic acid amide of N-rnethyltaurine
• detergent compositions which display improved sudsing characteristics in the practice of my invention can be prepared from synthetic detergents such as the water soluble salts of the higher alcohol esters of sulfocarboxylic acids (e.g. sodium salt of the lauryl alcohol ester of sulfoacetic acid) and others of high molecular alcohols and lower hydroxy sulfonic acids (e.g. monolauryl ether of l,2-dihydroxy propane-B-sodium sulfonate).
• synthetic detergents such as the water soluble salts of the higher alcohol esters of sulfocarboxylic acids (e.g. sodium salt of the lauryl alcohol ester of sulfoacetic acid) and others of high molecular alcohols and lower hydroxy sulfonic acids (e.g. monolauryl ether of l,2-dihydroxy propane-B-sodium sulfonate).
• Other synthetic detergents which are useful in the practice of my invention include the water soluble salts of high molecular aliphatic sulfuric acid esters such as the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of sulfuric acid esters of normal primary aliphatic alcohols having twelve to eighteen carbon atoms, particularly those whose principal active ingredient is a water-soluble salt of lauryl sulfuric acid or oleyl sulfuric acid.
• Specific examples are the sodium alkyl sulfate obtained from the mixed higher alcohols produced by the reduction of coconut oil, palmkernel oil, or other oils of the coconut oil group (a group of tropical nut oils characterized by their high content of combined fatty acids having 10 to 15 carbon atoms), tallow or sperm oil.
• water soluble salts of sulfuric acid esters of higher fatty acid monoglycerides e.g. sodium salt of the coconut oil fatty acid monoester of 1,2-dihydroxy propane-B-snlfuric acid ester
• sulfated higher fatty acid alkylolamides eg. sodium salt of sulfated coconut oil fatty acid ethanolamide
• these synthetic detergents include the water soluble salts of higher alkyl polyethylene oxide sulfuric acid esters (eg. the sulfated and neutralized reaction product of about three moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of the higher alcohols produced by the reduction of coconut oil fatty acids having 10-14 carbon atoms).
• concentration of these detergents in the cleansing and laundering compositions of the present invention is generally from about 12% to about 50% by weight of total product and'preferably from about 12% to about 30% by weight of total product.
• auxiliary materials which may include any of the. substances customarily employed by the art, in admixture with sulfated and/or sulfonated organic synthetic detergents.
• auxiliary materials which may include any of the. substances customarily employed by the art, in admixture with sulfated and/or sulfonated organic synthetic detergents.
• the various alkali metal phosphates e.g. tripolyphosphate and higher polyphosphates, hexametaphosphate, pyrophosphate, and orthophosphate
• the alkali metal silicates, sulfates, carbonates, etc. are illustrative but not exhaustive examples of these auxiliary materials.
• the optimum ratio of the tripolyphosphate to active synthetic detergent is from about 2.5:1 to about 3:1.
• improved sudsing per formance, attributable to the above designated suds building additives can be demonstrated when the ratio of the tripolyphosphate to active synthetic is from about 1:1 to about 5:1.
• alkylureas which have been heretofore suggested for use in detergent compositions as suds-builders and detergency additives (Ross, 2,708,183) are characterized by their limited Water solubility.
• the substitution of a monosaccharide or a reducing oligosaccharide for an amino hydrogen on the urea moiety of an alkyl urea re sults in a distinctly different class of compounds, the members of which have considerably greater Water-solubility than the alkylureas and which are greatly superior to the alkylureas in respect to suds-building performance.
• These alkylurea glycosides contain in their molecular structure both hydrophobic (higher alkyl) and hydrophilic (carbohydrate) groupings.
• Dodecylurea-N'-glucoside may be considered to be representative of the alkylurea glycosides which form a part of the present invention. Dodecylurea may likewise be considered to be representative of the alkylureas. Dodecylurea-N-glucoside has been found to be greatly superior to dodecylurea as a suds builder.
• the monoethanol amide of coconut oil fatty acids hereafter designated as coconut ethanolamide
• the percentages in the following table are relative to coconut ethanolamide at 100%. All three detergent compositions contain 175% alkyl benzene sulfonate, 32.5% sodium sulfate, 47% sodium tripolyphosphate, and 3% of the specified organic suds-builder.
• the amount by weight of the alkylurea glycoside suds building additives employed is sufiicient to increase the sudsing performance of the detergent composition and is at least V2% of the total product, but usually is not greater than the amount by weight of active detergentpresent.
• the proportion of active detergent to alkylurea glycoside in the compositions of the present invention will be within the range of about :1 to about 1:1.
• alkylurea glycoside or the lower alkyl and/or alkylol nitrogen substituted alkylurea glycosides Will preferably be used.
• Particularly effective high suds building performance is achieved when such alkylurea glycosides constitute from about 1% to about 6% by weight of the total product in such detergent compositions.
• Example I To 50 parts of commercial sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate (the sodium salt of the sulfonic acid of the conden-. sation product of benzene and a mixture of polypropylenes I
• Example II A detergent composition similar to that set forth in Example I with, however, sodium myristyl sulfate substituted in whole or in part for alkyl benzene sulfonate displays a similar improved sudsing performance.
• Example III Another detergent composition which shows improved sudsing performance is prepared by compounding 17% of the monoglyceride sulfate of the higher alcohols derived from coconut oil, 31% sodium sulfate, 40% sodium tripolyphosphate, and 12% tetradecylurea-N-glucoside.
• Example IV 17.5% of alkyl benzene sulfonate of-polypropylenes having from 9 to 15 carbon atoms and averaging 12 car-' bon atoms, 32.5% sodium sulfate, 47 sodium 'tripolyphosphate, and 3% dodecylurea-N-galactoside.
• Example V 15% of the sodium salt of the monosulfuric acid ester of the higher alcohols derived from coconut oil and having predominantly 10 to 14 carbon atoms, 22% sodium sulfate, 62% sodium tripolyphosphate and 1% dodecylurea-N-lactoside.
• Example VI 40% of alkyl benzene sulfonate of polypropylenes having from 9 to 15 carbon atoms and averaging 12 carbonatoms, 57% sodium sulfate and 3% dodecylurea-N'-' position in any of the forms in which such compositions" are manufactured.
• the glycosides may be mechanically mixed in; they may be crutched into the detergent composition in the formof a slurry, and they may be dis solved in a solution: of: the detergent composition; While such: ready-for-use mixtures. may. be manufactured and may be preferable for.
• glycosides it is likewise within the scope of' the present invention to add the glycosides to water prior to the adding of the detergent alone or detergent and alkali metal tripolyphosphate or vice versa, or to adddetergent and alkylurea-N-glycoside, or detergent, alkylurea-N'-glycoside and alkali metal tripolyphosphate simultaneously but separately to the water.
• a cleansing and launderingzcomposition having improved sudsing power at dishwashing temperatures consisting essentially of at least one synthetic organic detergent component selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble anionic sulfate and sulfonate detergents as the essentialv cleansing agent and as a suds-promoting agent an alkylurea glycoside selected from the group consisting of H R-I ICO1 I-R and H R HI ⁇ I-o1 I-R' wherein R is a higher alkyl radical of about to about carbon atoms and R is a carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharides, the amount by weight of said alkylurea glycoside being not greater than the amount of the detergent but sufficient to increase the sudsing performance thereof.
• the cleansing and laundering composition of claim 1 containing an alkali metal tripolyphosphate in an amount by weight. of'from about one to about five times the amount by weight of active detergent.
• A. cleansing and laundering composition having improved. sudsing power at dishwashing temperatures consisting essentially of at least one synthetic organic detergent component selected from the group consisting of the water-soluble anionic sulfate and sulfonate detergents as the essential cleansing agent and as a suds-promoting agent about /2 to about 12% by weight, based on total product, of alkylurea glycoside selected from the group consisting of III R 5.
• a cleansing and laundering composition having improved sudsing power' at dishwashing temperatures consisting essentially of at least one synthetic organic detergentcomponent selected from the group consistingof the watersoluble anionic sulfate and sulfonate detergents as 8 the essential cleansing agent and asa suds promoting agent an alkylurea glycoside selected from the group consisting of wherein R is a higher alkyl radical of about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms and R is a carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharides, the ratio by weight of said detergent to said alkylurea glycoside being from about :1 to about 1:1 and being sufiicient to increase the sudsing performance of said cleansing and laundering composition.
• the cleansing and laundering composition of claim 5 containing an alkali metal tripolyphosphate in an amount by weight of from about one to about five times 8-.
• the cleansing, and laundering composition of claim 7 containing an alkali metal tripolyphosphate in an amount by weight of from about one to about five timesthe amount by weight of active detergent.
• a cleansing and laundering composition having improved sudsing power at dishwashing temperatures consisting essentially of a synthetic organic detergent component selected from the group consisting of the Watersoluble anionic sulfate and sulfonate detergents as the essential cleansing agent and as a suds-promoting agent about /2 to about 12% by weight based on total prod net, of a lower alkyl and loweralleylol nitrogen-substituted alkylurea glycoside selected from the group con wherein R is a higher alkyl radical'of about 10 to about 15 carbon atoms, R is a carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharides, the amount of said lower alkyl and lower alkyl- 01 nitrogen-substituted alkylurea glycoside being sufficient' to increase the sudsing performance of said cleansing and laundering composition.
• a synthetic organic detergent component selected from the group consisting of the Watersoluble anionic sulfate and sulfonate detergents as the essential cleansing agent and as
• a cleansingand laundering composition having improved sudsing power at' dishwashing temperatures consisting essentially of a synthetic organic detergent componentfselected from the group consisting of the watersoluble anionic sulfate and sulfonate detergents-as the essential cleansing agent and as a suds-promoting agentabout 1% to about 6% of an alkylurea glycosideselected 9 wherein R is a higher alkyl radical and R is a carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of monosacchar-ides and reducing disaccharides, the amount of said alkylurea glycoside being sufficient to increase the sudsing performance of said cleansing and laundering composition.
• a cleansing and laundering composition having im proved sudsing power at dishwashing temperatures consisting essentially of a water-soluble alkyl benzene sulfonate as the essential cleansing agent and as a suds-promoting agent about 1% to 6% by weight, based on total product, of an alkylurea glycoside selected from the group consisting of:
• R is a higher alkyl radical of about 10 to 15 carbon atoms and R is a carbohydrate selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharides.

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Citations (3)

• 1956
  • 1956-01-20 US US560280A patent/US2985592A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1957
  • 1957-01-19 CH CH354880D patent/CH354880A/de unknown
  • 1957-01-19 DE DEP17816A patent/DE1041189B/de active Pending
  • 1957-03-13 GB GB8331/57A patent/GB811902A/en not_active Expired

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