US3217780A - Process and apparatus for injecting liquid fuel - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for injecting liquid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3217780A
US3217780A US178177A US17817762A US3217780A US 3217780 A US3217780 A US 3217780A US 178177 A US178177 A US 178177A US 17817762 A US17817762 A US 17817762A US 3217780 A US3217780 A US 3217780A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
compartment
liquid fuel
needle
fuel
orifice
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US178177A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gottfried Cremer
Heinz Behrens
Walter Storbeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fetok GmbH
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Fetok GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fetok GmbH filed Critical Fetok GmbH
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Publication of US3217780A publication Critical patent/US3217780A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0005—Injecting liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/24—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space
    • F23D11/26—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed
    • F23D11/28—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by pressurisation of the fuel before a nozzle through which it is sprayed by a substantial pressure reduction into a space with provision for varying the rate at which the fuel is sprayed with flow-back of fuel at the burner, e.g. using by-pass

Definitions

  • This invention relates to -a process for the heating of furnaces, especially but not essentially in the ceramics industry, by means of a liquid fuel such as oil injected under pressure, using a multi-jet injection nozzle.
  • a liquid fuel such as oil injected under pressure
  • multi-jet injection nozzle connotes that the nozzle is effective to produce two or more types of jets.
  • multi-jet injection nozzles are already known, the intention being to obtain an even distribution of the fire in the firing channel and hence even firing of the ceramic articles.
  • the injection channels of the nozzle are arranged at an angle to one another in the same plane or in different planes, and the nozzle may also be displaced round a vertical axis.
  • An object of the invention is to facilitate equalisation of the temperature distribution over the whole of the cross-section of the furnace, and, at the same time, to permit adaptation of the firing to the circumstances prevailing at any given time.
  • the suggestion has recently been made that the furnace should be heated with atomized oil during the heatingup period, and subsequently with oil which is injected largely unatomized. This process has proved satisfactory, but only represents an exceptional case, which it is the object of the present invention to generalise.
  • the process according to this invention is characterised by the fact that the oil is injected in partly finely atomized and partly practically unatomized.
  • the oil may be injected finely atomized and practically unatomized alternately. It is possible, however, for the injection of the oil to be effected simultaneously in the finely atomized and in the practically unatomized state, the oil being, for convenience, injected by a number of jets concentric to one another, and is either atomized or unatomized as the case may be.
  • the oil can be fed continuously to the nozzle under even pressure, or can be fed to the nozzle intermittently.
  • a device for carrying out the process according to the invention may comprise a hollow tube with a nozzle of essentially conventional type of which the nozzle aperture may be closed by means of a needle, this needle, in accordance with the present invention, having a bore hole connected to a branched feed pipe for the liquid fuel, with a free outlet at the end of the nozzle.
  • the needle is placed under spring pressure in the direction of the nozzle aperture, and provides a closure device for each of the two feed pipes.
  • FIG. l is a section of one form of device in one operational position
  • FIG. 2 is a section similar to FIG. 1 with the device at another stage of the fuel feed;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of an arrangement providing immediate feed of the liquid fuel through two feeder devices.
  • a nozzle duct or needle 2 which is pressed against the nozzle aperture 5 by the spring 4 acting upon the guide collar 3.
  • the spring 4 rests against the rear wall 6 of the hollow tube 1.
  • a sleeve 8 which guides the nozzle needle 2.
  • the hollow space 10 is connected to the fuel feed pipe 13. From this space 10, the oil passes through the bore 16 into the end of the nozzle needle 2 adjacent the nozzle aperture 5, where it is ejected practically unatomized into the combustion space.
  • the oil feed may of course be effected continuously or intermittently, according to the type of heating desired.
  • the closure-device 14 has been opened and the closure device 15 is closed.
  • the fuel thus arrives immediately in the space 9. Since the needle duct 2 has two different cross-sections a and b, the needle is pushed backwards in the direction of the arrow 0 against the force on the spring 4, and the fuel leaves the partially open nozzle aperture 5 as a finely atomized cone of fuel. In this instance, too, the fuel can be fed continuously or intermittently.
  • the needle duct 2 can be arranged for the needle duct 2 to enter a state of oscillation so that, even with continuous feeding of the fuel, the pressure of which is cyclically varying, a constant vibration of the needle and therefore a constant alteration in the nozzle aperture 5 is attained.
  • either atomized fuel or unatomized fuel can be injected alternatively by opening either the closure device 14 or the closure device 15. Also, both closure devices can be opened more or less Widely, thereby obtaining an overlapping of 'both types of fuel feed.
  • FIG. 3 A further modified form of construction of the principle on which this invention is based is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the two closure devices 14 and 15 are omitted.
  • pumps 19 and 20 are supplied on the two branch pipes 17 and 18 for charging the two hollow spaces which are not shown in this drawing.
  • the pumps 19 and 20, which are shown as singlecylinder piston pumps, are naturally only shown by way of example. It would be possible to use multi-cylinder piston pumps or other types of pumps, for example, geared pumps. If it is only desired to inject comparatively small quantities of fuel per hour, then it is preferable to work with intermittent injection, in which case the use of a single-cylinder piston pump is to be recommended.
  • the fuel is injected intermittently, it is possible to arrange in many instances for the two pumps to be synchronised in such a manner that the atomizing and the non-atomizing injection follow one another at specified intervals of time. In this event, however, it is a particularly simple and convenient method of working if, instead of using two separate single-cylinder piston pumps, a multi-cylinder piston pump is employed, where the crank angles of the two cylinders are suitably chosen in relation to one another. It is then possible, for example to inject atomized and non-atomized fuel alternately, or to work with a simultaneous injection of both atomized and nonatomized fuel. Clearly, any intermediate position can then be selected.
  • Apparatus for injecting liquid fuel into a furnace for combustion therein comprising:
  • a hallow body closed at one end and having an orifice in the other end communicating with a furnace;
  • transverse partition dividing said body into a first and a second compartment, said first compartment including the closed end of the body and the second compartment including the orifice;
  • said needle duct means providing a hollow needle duct having a spray inducing means at one end thereof, said needle duct means traversing the first compartment of said body and extending through said partition into the second compartment of said body, said needle duct means being movable to bring the spray inducing means at one end thereof into and out of obturating rela- 5 tion with the orifice in the second compartment, said needle duct means having an enlarged extended surface portion on the end portion thereof adjacent the spray including means and disposed in the second compartment whereby when the enlarged extended surface portion is exposed to fluid pressure in the second compartment movement of said needle duct means is effected in a direction out of the second compartment;
  • liquid fuel supply inlets communicating with each of said compartment
  • said means to open and close constructed to open one inlet and close the other inlet whereby when liquid fuel is introduced into the second compartment said needle duct means is moved out of obtu rating relation with the orifice and the liquid fuel from the second compartment is caused to pass through the orifice to project a spray into a furnace, and when liquid fuel is introduced into the first compartment the liquid fuel is caused to pass through the needle duct means and thence through the orifice of said body to effect a jet stream into the furnace.
  • said means to cyclically open and close said supply inlets includes a separate valve in each of said supply inlets, each of said valves movable between a fully open position and a fully closed position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
US178177A 1961-05-03 1962-03-07 Process and apparatus for injecting liquid fuel Expired - Lifetime US3217780A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEA0037342 1961-05-03

Publications (1)

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US3217780A true US3217780A (en) 1965-11-16

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US178177A Expired - Lifetime US3217780A (en) 1961-05-03 1962-03-07 Process and apparatus for injecting liquid fuel

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3217780A (fr)
BE (1) BE614698A (fr)
CH (1) CH394454A (fr)
GB (1) GB996333A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3406906A (en) * 1965-08-26 1968-10-22 Backman Sture Anders Fuel atomizing burner for liquid fuels
US4841725A (en) * 1983-09-02 1989-06-27 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Fuel spray device for gas turbine augmentor or afterburner
US5072709A (en) * 1990-03-29 1991-12-17 Cummins Engine Co., Inc. Fuel injection for an internal combustion engine
US6004127A (en) * 1994-06-16 1999-12-21 Ficht Gmbh & Co. Kg Oil burner

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2680181B2 (ja) * 1990-10-26 1997-11-19 山武ハネウエル株式会社 比例燃焼制御装置

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE239548C (fr) *
US423012A (en) * 1890-03-11 And allan mason
US1737945A (en) * 1928-01-05 1929-12-03 Carl J Mehler Liquid-fuel-burner nozzle
US2578934A (en) * 1945-08-01 1951-12-18 Hendrik J J Janssen Adjustable burner for liquid fuel
US3076607A (en) * 1960-12-02 1963-02-05 Inst Rech S De La Sederurgie F Hydrocarbon injector for blastfurnaces

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE239548C (fr) *
US423012A (en) * 1890-03-11 And allan mason
US1737945A (en) * 1928-01-05 1929-12-03 Carl J Mehler Liquid-fuel-burner nozzle
US2578934A (en) * 1945-08-01 1951-12-18 Hendrik J J Janssen Adjustable burner for liquid fuel
US3076607A (en) * 1960-12-02 1963-02-05 Inst Rech S De La Sederurgie F Hydrocarbon injector for blastfurnaces

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3406906A (en) * 1965-08-26 1968-10-22 Backman Sture Anders Fuel atomizing burner for liquid fuels
US4841725A (en) * 1983-09-02 1989-06-27 Ex-Cell-O Corporation Fuel spray device for gas turbine augmentor or afterburner
US5072709A (en) * 1990-03-29 1991-12-17 Cummins Engine Co., Inc. Fuel injection for an internal combustion engine
US6004127A (en) * 1994-06-16 1999-12-21 Ficht Gmbh & Co. Kg Oil burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1401745A1 (de) 1969-07-24
DE1401745B2 (de) 1972-08-03
BE614698A (fr) 1962-07-02
GB996333A (en) 1965-06-23
CH394454A (de) 1965-06-30

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