US4234794A - Installation of radiodiagnosis with sweep - Google Patents

Installation of radiodiagnosis with sweep Download PDF

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Publication number
US4234794A
US4234794A US05/962,153 US96215378A US4234794A US 4234794 A US4234794 A US 4234794A US 96215378 A US96215378 A US 96215378A US 4234794 A US4234794 A US 4234794A
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Prior art keywords
radiations
radiodiagnosis
sweep
monitor
swept
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US05/962,153
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English (en)
Inventor
Vasile Voinea
Vasile Catuneanu
Ioan Birzu
Eugen Teisanu
Maria I. Voinea
Sorin Patrascu
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STATIA DE VERIFICARE SI INTRETINERE A APARATURII MEDICALE
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STATIA DE VERIFICARE SI INTRETINERE A APARATURII MEDICALE
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
    • H05G1/00—X-ray apparatus involving X-ray tubes; Circuits therefor
    • H05G1/08—Electrical details
    • H05G1/64—Circuit arrangements for X-ray apparatus incorporating image intensifiers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/40—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4021—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving movement of the focal spot
    • A61B6/4028—Arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving movement of the focal spot resulting in acquisition of views from substantially different positions, e.g. EBCT
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—HANDLING OF PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/025—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/025—X-ray tubes with structurally associated circuit elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
    • H01J35/26—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof by rotation of the anode or anticathode

Definitions

  • the invention refers to an installation of radiodiagnosis with T.V. chain, wich asures the reduction of the irradiation of the examined persons and of the attending staff, improves the radiologic image, achieves a tomographic image with wipe into the surface of the images of the opacities from the undesired layers; it is utilized for medical and technical examinations.
  • the computered tomograph is known, which achieves an axial tomography, the image being taken over by the scintillator elaborated by the computer, displied by the monitor and photographed.
  • the computered tomography has also the disadvantage of a linear wipe.
  • Another disadvantage of the computered tomograph is the great complexity and the high cost price.
  • the main object of the present invention is the creation of an installation of radiodiagnosis with an simplified T.V. chain, in which a X radiations filiform beam is obtained, which irradiate exclusively the image point of the examined object in each moment and is transmited from the radiosensitive surface to a T.V. monitor, removing entirely the useless irradiation of the examined surface rest.
  • Another object of the present invention is the reduction of the secondary radiations quantity and the obtainment of an improved radiologic image.
  • a radiodiagnosis tube including in its inner a cathode, a rotary anode and a mobile radioopaque device made up of one or more pieces of cylindric, conic, discoid form or another geometric form, foreseen with punctiform orifices, situated on an helicoid line with one or more coils, or pieces foreseen with slits linear or other forms so that by their displacement a X radiations filiform swept beam is achieved, the mobile radioopaque device can make body with the rotary anode or can be acted by one or more electrical engines, the movement of the mobile radioopaque device being synchronized with the sweep of a T.V.
  • a translator which can be an image amplifier with T.V. camera, a scintillator with photomultipllier or another known translator, wich video-signals after passage through an amplification system order the image formation in the T.V.
  • radiodiagnosis tube with a rotary anode and a mobile radioopaque device intended to achieve a swept filiform X radiations beam
  • wich radioopaque device is situated outside the radiodiagnosis tube or outside the radiodiagnosis tube cupola and in a third variant a part of the radioopaque device is situated in radiodiagnosis tube inner, and another part is situated outside the radiodiagnosis tube
  • the disadvantages can be eliminated by achievement of another swept installation variant equiped with a radiodiagnosis tube, taking in its inner an electronic gun, a focusing system of the electrons flow, a deflexion system, which deflexion system can be symmetric or asymetric, a control grid and a fixed anode, the intensity of electrons flow being adjusted with the aid of the control grid by a control system according to a correction programme, the filiform electrons beam being swept on the fixed anode, which fixed anode is made-up of a metal with high
  • these antidiffusion systems being formed similarly with the other antidiffusion systems situated between the fixed anode and the examined object and having permeable spaces for X radiations orientated corresponding to the first respectively the second activity of obtaining of the filiform X radiations beam, above described, also one can add obtionaly in both activities of obtaining of the filiform X radiations beam, an antidiffusion system placed in contact with the sensitive surface of the T.V.
  • wich antidiffusion system is made-up of optic fibres of cylindric, tubular, prismatic or another form, which optic fibres are made-up of substances with high atomic weight, having in the inner and between them long and thin spaces, containing luminiscent substances, the image obtained being taken over by the sensitive surface of the T.V. chain, the video signals being amplified with the aid of an amplifier and inserted into a T.V.
  • the radiodiagnosis installation according to the invention can be used too for the achievement of tomoscopies and tomographies with X radiations sweep, the installation being made-up in this purpose by a radiodiagnosis tube, having a cathode, a Wehnelt cylinder, a focussing and acceleration system, a grid, a deflection system of the electrons beam, and a fixed anode on which arrive the horizontal and upright sweep of the electrons beam, from the fixed anode the X radiations with swept point of emission arise, the electrons beam sweep can be achieved too, by the well-known possibilities used in the electronic microscope, the X radiations with swept point of emission pass through the examined object and arrive at a photocathode of an image amplifier with T.V.
  • the installation comprise too a first system of syncronising, which syncronises the cathodic beam sweep of the camera with the cathodic beam of the T.V. monitor, which T.V. monitor is provided with a supplementary deflection system, which displaces horizontally and verticaly the whole obtained image, in the inverse direction with respect to the displacement of the image from the T.V. camera respective from the T.V.
  • the displacement achieved by the supplementary deflection system is syncronized with the electrons beam sweep focused from the radiodiagnosis tube by the second system of syncronizing and it has both in horizontal direction and vertical direction an inverse sense with respect to this sweep, the amplitude of the horizontal and vertical displacement achieved by the supplementary system of deflection can be adjusted by known possibilities, the displacement of the whole image can be achieved too by a deflection supplementary system set-up in the T.V. camera.
  • the radiodiagnosis tube 1 is made up of glass, in which inner there are a rotary anode 2 a rotor 3, which makes body with the rotary anode 2, a cathode 4, a cylinder 5, of metal with heigh atomic weight and high melting point, which cylinder 5, makes body with the rotary anode 2.
  • the cylinder 5 presents punctiform orifices a, placed along of an helicoid line. The number of punctiform orifices a, is equal with the number of lines from the sweep system of a T.V. monitor (non-represented).
  • a conic beam of X radiations b arises on the rotary anode 2 a conic beam of X radiations b arises.
  • the orifices a of the cylinder 5 allow to pass a filiform beam c swept during of the passing of the orifices a in front of the conic beam of X radiations b.
  • the swept filiform radiations pass through the examined object and said X radiations reach the sensitive surface of a scintilator with photomultiplier (non represented) where the X radiations are turned into video signals, which after amplification order the image of a T.V. monitor (non-represented).
  • the sweep of the filiform X radiations beam is synchronized with the sweep of the T.V. monitor through a device of synchronizing (non-represented).
  • the radiodiagnosis tube 1 is made-up of glass in which inner there is a rotary anode 2, a rotor 3 which makes body with the rotary anode 2, a cathode 4, a cylinder 5 of metal with high atomic weight and high melting point, which cylinder 5 makes common body with a second rotor 6 of a second electric engine, the rotor 6 being situated in the inner of the radiodiagnosis tube 1, which rotor 6 wheels roud a support 7 of the cathode 4 through rollings.
  • the cylinder 5 presents punctiform orifices a, placed along of a helicoid line, the number of the punctiform orifices a being equal with the number of lines from the system of sweep of a T.V. monitor (non-represented)
  • the operation way of the radiodiagnosis tube according to the second example is identical with that of the first example, with the difference that the rotor 6 wheels round with a different rate with respect to the rotor 3 of the rotary anode 2.
  • the achieving form of the invention described in the second example is utilized in cases when the rotation rate of the cylinder 5 and therefore the rotation rate of the sweep system does not correspond to the rotation rate of the rotary anode 2.
  • a radiodiagnosis tube 1 is made-up of glass in which inner there are a rotary anode 2, a rotor 3 which makes body with the rotary anode 2, a cathode 4, an outer cylinder 8 made-up of a metal with high atomic weight and high melting point, which outer cylinder 8 makes common body with the rotary anode 2.
  • This outer cylinder 8 presents parallel linear slits e, which slits allow the exclusive passing of a X radiations lamellar beam.
  • the number of said slits is so calculated as depending of the angular rate of the rotary anode 2 to realize the number of horizontal lines of the image from thr T.V. monitor.
  • the second inner cylinder 9 is made-up of a metal with high atomic weight and high melting point and is placed into the inner of the outer cylinder 8.
  • the inner cylinder 9 makes common body with a rotor 6 of the second electric engine.
  • the rotor 6 wheels round to a support 7 of the catode 4.
  • the inner cylinder 9 presents an helicoid slit f which together with the parallel slits e of the outer cylinder 8 allow the exclusive passing of a filiform beam of X radiations c.
  • the horizontal and vertical sweep of the filiform beam of the X radiations c is syncronized with the sweep of the T.V. monitor with aid of a system of synchronizing.
  • the transformation of the signals of X radiations into video signals is achieved into an ordinary T.V. chain with a strengthening image device (image amplifier) or into a photomultiplier scintilator.
  • FIG. 4 represents a principle scheme of the radiodiagnosis installation according to the invention into a fourth form of achievement in which a radioopaque device is placed out of the radiodiagnosis tube, which radioopaque device has a cylindrical form.
  • the installation is made-up of a cupola 10 with a rotary anode radiodiagnosis tube (non figurated, an electric engine 11 which drows a radioopaque cylinder 12 made-up of a metal with high atomic weight.
  • the radioopaque cylinder 12 is provided with linear slits g parallel between them and slight oblique with respect to the axle of the radiodiagnosis tube.
  • the distance between two slits g corresponds to the radiologic image surface.
  • the number of slits g which passed in front of the X radiations beam per time unit is synchronized with the number of frames from the monitor. It is obtained a lamellar beam of X radiations.
  • the cupola 10 is fixed on the stand of the radiodiagnosis apparatus by a support, 13. This variety is utilized with an image amplifier and T.V. chain and there is used a conventional radiodiagnosis installation at which the radioopaque device is added.
  • the 5th example in connection with FIG. 5 wich represents a principle scheme of the radiodiagnosis installation according to the invention in a fifth form of achievement.
  • This variety is different of that described in the fourth example by that it uses two radioopaques cylinders, one outer 12 and one inner 15 and two electric engines 11, 14 which wheel round the two said radioopaques cylinders 12, 15.
  • the outer radioopaque cylinder 15 is provided with slits g vertical and parallel between them, but slight oblique with respect to the axle of the radiodiagnosis tube. Said slits g, during of the whirling of the outer radioopaque cylinder 12 achieve the horizontal sweep of the X radiations beam c.
  • the inner radioopaque cylinder 15 presents an helicoid slit f which during of the whirling of the radioopaque cylinder 15 achieves the vertical sweep of the X radiations beam.
  • the transformation of the X radiations signals into video signals is made with the aid of an image amplifier with T.V. camera or with a scintilator with photomultiplier.
  • the 6th example in connection with FIG. 6 represents principle scheme of the radiodiagnosis installation according to the invention into a sixth form of achievement, wich takes in a radiodiagnosis tube A having a cathode 16 a Wehnelt cylinder 17, a focussing and acceleration system 18, a control grid 19, deflection coils 20, and a fixed anode 21.
  • the fixed anode 21 of metal with high atomic weight and high melting point, for example tungsten has a bombardment surface f plane, concave or of another geometric form.
  • this radiodiagnosis tube is achieved the horizontal and vertical sweep of a cathodic filiform beam d, on the surface f of the fixed anode 21, where X radiations with sweep emission point e arise.
  • the X radiations e pass through three antidiffusion systems B, C, D, which have the purpose to allow the passing, from each point of the fixed anode 21, by one filiform X radiations beams which pass through the examined object E, placed between the antidiffusion systems D and C.
  • the X radiations beam e therefore are turned into a filiform X radiation beam e.
  • a single antidiffusion system or two antidiffusion systems are utilized.
  • the X radiations filiform beam e' after the passing through the antidiffusion system D arrives at a photomultiplier scintillator F, where the swept X radiations e', are turned into video signals, which video signals are amplified into an amplifier 6 and order the image forming into a T.V. monitor I.
  • the sweep of the filiform electrons beam d of the radiodiagnosis tube A is sincronized with the sweep of the T.V. monitor I by a generator of sincronizing H.
  • the intensity of the electrons beam of the radiodiagnosis tube A is adjusted with aid of the control grid 19 by a control system with correction programme.
  • the antidiffusion system B and C are formed each by two antidiffusion grids 22,23,24,25, made-up of lamellas, fibres or tubes among which remain tight and long spaces with the axle orientated in the direction of the swept filiform x radiations beams e'. These antidiffusion grids can be mobile too.
  • the antidiffusion system D placed in connection with the photomultiplier scintilator F is made up of optic fibres of cylindric form, prismatic, tubular or another form having the axle orientated in the direction of the filiform X radiations beams e'.
  • the optic fibres are made-up of substances transparent at light with high atomic beauh wich fibres take in their inner or/and between them luminiscent substance.
  • the X radiations penetrate through the luminiscent substance situated between the fibres.
  • the X radiant energy is transformed in light with a better output, light which is then lead through the optic fibres at the photomultiplier surface.
  • the optic fibres work like a antidiffusion grid and in the same time like optic fibre.
  • the luminiscent substance situated in transparent medium to light works like a X radiations-light translator.
  • FIG. 7 represents a principle scheme of a radiodiagnosis installation according to the invention into a seventh form of achievement which takes in a radiodiagnosis tube A, similar with that described in the 6th example and represented in FIG. 6.
  • the X radiations e emitted by the surface f of the fixed anode 21 swept by the filiform beam d pass through four antidiffusion systems of which one M is made-up of a radioopaque plate of metal with high atomic weight provided with a channel made up of one or two cones which touch at the peak spearing a punctiform orifice.
  • a second antidiffusion system K is placed between the fixed anode 21 and the radioopaque plate M.
  • a third antidiffusion system L is placed between the radioopaque plate M and the examined object E.
  • a fourth antidiffusion system N is placed between the examined object E and the sensitive surface of a photomultiplier scintillator F.
  • the antidiffusion systems K,L,M,N include each two antidiffusion grids 26,27,28,29,30,31, (the grids of the systems M are not figurated).
  • Said grids are made-up of lamellas, fibres and tubes of substances with high atomic weight which have long and tight spaces between them of which axle is oriented to the swept points from the bombarded surface F of the fixed anode 21 and to the punctiform orifice of the radioopaque plate M.
  • the antidiffusion systems K.L.M.N. have the purpose of the transformation of the X radiations beams e emited by the fixed anode 21 in filiform X radiations beams e'. There may be used one or more of the antidiffusion systems K,L,M,N.
  • the X radiations filiform beams arrive at the sensitive surface of the photomultiplier scintilator F, where said radiations are turned into video-signals, which are amplified by an amplifier 6 and order the image forming into a T.V. monitor I'.
  • the sweep of the cathodic filiform beam d of the radiodiagnosis tube A is synchronized with the sweep of the electrons beam of the T.V. monitor I by a generator of synchronizing H.
  • the 8th example in connection with FIG. 8, which represents a principle scheme of a sweep radiodiagnosis installation used for tomoscopy and electronic tomography, according to the invention.
  • the installation includes a radiodiagnosis tube A having in a cathode 16 a Wehnelt cylinder 17 a focussing and acceleration system 18 a grid 19 a deflection system 20 and a fixed anode 21.
  • this radiodiagnosis tube A is achieved the horizontal and vertical sweep of the cathodic beam d focused on the fixed anode 21, where X radiations g arise with swept emission point.
  • This X radiations beam g passes through the examined object E and arrives at a photocathode 32 of the mage amplifier F which together with the camera O turns the X radiations into video-signals, which are amplified into an amplification system P and order the image forming in a T.V. monitor I.
  • a ist of syncronizing R syncronizes the sweep of the cathodic beam (non-represented) of the camera O with the cathodic beam (non represented) of the T.V. monitor I.
  • Said monitor is provided with a supplementary deflection device (non represented) which displaces horizontaly and verticaly the entire image from the T.V. monitor I in the inverse direction with respect to the image displacement from the T.V.
  • monitor I during of the X radiations beam sweep.
  • the amplitude of horizontal and vertical displacement achieved by the supplementary deflexion system can be adjusted by known means.
  • a second system of synchronising R syncronizes the sweep of the cathodic beam d of the radiodiagnosis tube A with the image displacement achieved into the T.V. monitor I by the supplementary deflection system.
  • the displacement of the entire image may be achieved by a supplementary deflection system mounted on the camera T.V., O.
  • the FIG. 9 represents a scheme in connection with the image forming on the photocathode 32 of the image amplifier N.
  • the T.V. monitor I has a supplementary deflection system synchronized with the sweep of the cathodic beam d (FIG. 8) of the radiodiagnosis tube A. This supplementary deflection system operates so that the entire image of the T.V.
  • the T.V. monitor I will give a sharp punctiform image, the point image h on the T.V. monitor screen I sweeps as a resultant of the oscillation between the points h' and h".
  • the T.V. monitor I has a supplementary deflection system in the vertical sense also, which operates in the same way as the horizontal deflection system. Therefore the point image h will sweep not only in the horizintal sense but combined in the horizontal and vertical sense, that is in surface.
  • this supplementary deflection system will be adjusted so that the entire image of the T.V. monitor I should be displaced in the inverse sense with the displacement of the point h from h' to h" at a equal distance, the displacement of the point h will be compensed. In this case the image of the point h will remain sharp, punctiform and the point i is swept from i' to i" and its image wipes (FIG. 12).
  • the T.V. camera O (FIG. 8) turns the X radiations image into video-signals which may command simultaneously the image of more T.V. monitors (non figurated), which are adjusted for showing different layers. If the images of the different layers are displayed on different planes corresponding to the examined object, a tridimensional image is obtained.
  • the 9th example represents the fitting of a memory system (non figurated) to the installation of the 8th example, between the T.V. camera 8 and the T.V. monitor I, memory system in which the information elements obtained during the sweep of the X radiations are recorded. These information elements will be reproduced on the T.V. monitor I.
  • the supplementary deflection system of the T.V. monitor I By the aid of the supplementary deflection system of the T.V. monitor I the displacement of the image of the points from the dezirable plane of the examined object E will be compensated, obtaining a sharp image of the dezirable plane.
  • the adjustment of the displacement amplitude of the image on the monitor one can see successivelly the image of all the layers. In case of utilizing more T.V. monitors these layers can simultaneously be seen or one can obtain an tridimensional image.

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US05/962,153 1977-12-22 1978-11-20 Installation of radiodiagnosis with sweep Expired - Lifetime US4234794A (en)

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RO92587 1977-12-22
RO7792587A RO73456A2 (ro) 1977-12-22 1977-12-22 Tub cu raze x pentru instalatii de radiodiagnostic

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DE3623441A1 (de) * 1985-07-11 1987-01-15 Eaton Corp Ladungsdichtedetektor fuer strahlenimplantation
US4730350A (en) * 1986-04-21 1988-03-08 Albert Richard D Method and apparatus for scanning X-ray tomography
WO1995012884A1 (en) * 1993-11-05 1995-05-11 University Of Hawaii Method and apparatus for enhanced sensitivity filmless medical x-ray imaging, including three-dimensional imaging
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US20070172031A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-26 Cason William R Concentric Dual Drum Raster Scanning Beam System and Method
US20090110147A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Morteza Safai Method and apparatus for rotating an anode in an x-ray system
US9014339B2 (en) 2010-10-27 2015-04-21 American Science And Engineering, Inc. Versatile x-ray beam scanner
US9052271B2 (en) 2010-10-27 2015-06-09 American Science and Egineering, Inc. Versatile x-ray beam scanner
CN108400079A (zh) * 2018-05-10 2018-08-14 同方威视技术股份有限公司 笔形束x射线管和背散射检测设备
CN108461369A (zh) * 2018-05-10 2018-08-28 同方威视技术股份有限公司 双点束扫描x射线发生器
US11193898B1 (en) 2020-06-01 2021-12-07 American Science And Engineering, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling image contrast in an X-ray system

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GB2076250A (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-11-25 American Science & Eng Inc Mechanical X-ray scanning
DE3023401A1 (de) * 1980-06-23 1982-01-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Roentgendiagnostikanlage mit einer aufnahmeeinheit mit einer roentgenroehre, die ein faecherfoermiges strahlenbuendel aussendet
DE3934321A1 (de) * 1989-10-13 1991-04-18 Siemens Ag Roentgenroehre mit austrittsfenster
JP3964271B2 (ja) * 2001-06-22 2007-08-22 株式会社モリタ製作所 医療用走査型デジタルｘ線撮影装置

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CN108461369B (zh) * 2018-05-10 2024-03-12 同方威视技术股份有限公司 双点束扫描x射线发生器
CN119993808A (zh) * 2018-05-10 2025-05-13 同方威视技术股份有限公司 笔形束x射线管和背散射检测设备
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RO73456A2 (ro) 1982-02-01
IT7831018A0 (it) 1978-12-19
DE2853363A1 (de) 1979-07-12
FR2422381A1 (fr) 1979-11-09
DE2853363C2 (de) 1982-12-16
GB2095506A (en) 1982-09-29
GB2095507B (en) 1983-03-16
IT1160367B (it) 1987-03-11
GB2018545B (en) 1983-01-19
GB2095507A (en) 1982-09-29
GB2018545A (en) 1979-10-17
GB2095506B (en) 1983-03-16

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