US4754030A - Cefbuperazone crystalline triethylamine salt - Google Patents
Cefbuperazone crystalline triethylamine salt Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4754030A US4754030A US06/697,172 US69717285A US4754030A US 4754030 A US4754030 A US 4754030A US 69717285 A US69717285 A US 69717285A US 4754030 A US4754030 A US 4754030A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cefbuperazone
- crystalline
- salt
- triethylamine salt
- triethylamine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical class CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229960001817 cefbuperazone Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- SMSRCGPDNDCXFR-CYWZMYCQSA-N cefbuperazone Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)N(CC)CCN1C(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@]1(OC)C(=O)N2C(C(O)=O)=C(CSC=3N(N=NN=3)C)CS[C@@H]21 SMSRCGPDNDCXFR-CYWZMYCQSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930186147 Cephalosporin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 3
- 229940124587 cephalosporin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001780 cephalosporins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lidocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1C NNJVILVZKWQKPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N N-methylglucamine Chemical compound CNC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBBZMMPHUWSWHV-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100386054 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) CYS3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003460 beta-lactamyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004194 lidocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012792 lyophilization process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003646 lysine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940056360 penicillin g Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 101150035983 str1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 triethylamine cefbuperazone salt Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D501/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. cephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
- C07D501/14—Compounds having a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 7
- C07D501/16—Compounds having a nitrogen atom directly attached in position 7 with a double bond between positions 2 and 3
- C07D501/20—7-Acylaminocephalosporanic or substituted 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acids in which the acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids
- C07D501/57—7-Acylaminocephalosporanic or substituted 7-acylaminocephalosporanic acids in which the acyl radicals are derived from carboxylic acids with a further substituent in position 7, e.g. cephamycines
Definitions
- the present invention refers to the stable crystalline triethylamine salt of cefbuperazone, a cephalosporin antibiotic (Class 424, Subclass 246).
- Cefbuperazone is a so-called second generation injectable cephalosporin which has the following structure and is the subject of U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,292 patented Apr. 21, 1981. ##STR1##
- the sodium salt of cefbuperazone is under clinical development in Japan by Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.
- the following table contains stability data from tests conducted on the particular salt forms of cefbuperazone indicated in the table.
- the crystalline-TEA (triethylamine) salt was prepared as described below.
- the amorphous-Na were prepared by a lyophilization process substantially as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,292.
- the amorphous-TEA salt was prepared by lyophilization of an aqueous solution thereof have pH 6.0, and prepared from the antibiotic and 1.1 molar proportions of triethylamine.
- the crystalline triethylamine salt exhibits highly satisfactory stability characteristics when stored in the dry state. No loss was observed when stored for 4 months at 37° C. At 45° C. the loss in activity during 2 weeks storage for the crystalline triethylamine salt was 2.8% as compared to 12% for the amorphous triethylamine salt and 27% for the amorphous sodium salt. During a total of 8 weeks storage at this temperature, the crystalline-TEA salt suffered no further loss. Similarly at 56° C.
- the crystalline salt of the present invention has been characterized by elemental analysis, melting point determined with a differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray powder diffraction pattern, and infra-red spectrum. In the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, chemical shifts, characteristic of the cefbuperazone CH 3 protons are obscured by the triethylamine. The data with respect thereto appear herein.
- a critical feature in the preparation of the crystalline triethylamine salt of the present invention is the use of methylene chloride or of methylene chloride containing up to 10% by volume of a CH 2 Cl 2 -miscible water soluble oxygenated organic solvent as the reaction medium.
- Suitable oxygenated organic solvents include ethyl acetate, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and a lower alkanol such as ethanol, isopropanol, or butanol.
- Methanol may be employed, but this solvent has an inclination to rupture the beta-lactam ring by a solvolytic process and it is desirable to avoid contact with methanol.
- the salt forms on contact of the ingredients at room temperature, 20°-25° C.
- reaction solution may be employed for sterilization and purification purposes and if aseptic technique is used for the crystallization step using the oxygenated organic solvent, material suitable for parenteral formulations may be produced. This is illustrated in the following procedure.
- cefbuperazone used as starting material in the foregoing procedure is not critical.
- the dihydrate described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,263,292 is quite satisfactory, but dehydrated material may be used without any advantage.
- the infra-red absorption spectrum prepared using a pelletized KBr dilution of the crystalline material is illustrated in FIG. 1 hereof.
- the NMR spectrum is as follows: ⁇ , ppm (D 2 O, TSP as reference): 5.16 (singlet, integral 1); 4.08 (singlet, integral 3); 3.58 (singlet, integral 3); 4.2-4.4 (quartet, J ca 7 Hz), integral 6); and 1.0-1.5 (overlap patterns, integral 15).
- the X-ray powder diffraction pattern was determined on a Rigaku X-Ray Powder Diffractometer using a Cu 25 kv lamp operated at 20 ma, at a scan rate of 2° per minute from 40° to 5° using a chart speed of 10 mm per minute and a nickel filter.
- the d-spacings calculated from these measurements are listed below.
- the relative intensities were estimated by measurement of the peak heights on a tracing corresponding to the d-spacings.
- the crystalline cefbuperazone-TEA salt of this invention is soluble in water in a wide range of proportions. It readily dissolves in the common injection vehicles including water, 5% glucose, and saline. It is substantially insoluble in the common organic solvents except methylene chloride and similar halogenated lower alkanes.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/697,172 US4754030A (en) | 1985-02-01 | 1985-02-01 | Cefbuperazone crystalline triethylamine salt |
| CA000499856A CA1242700A (en) | 1985-02-01 | 1986-01-20 | Cefbuperazone crystalline triethylamine salt |
| DE8686101309T DE3687171T2 (de) | 1985-02-01 | 1986-01-31 | Kristallines triethylaminsalz von cefbuperazon. |
| EP86101309A EP0189942B1 (de) | 1985-02-01 | 1986-01-31 | Kristallines Triethylaminsalz von Cefbuperazon |
| AT86101309T ATE82978T1 (de) | 1985-02-01 | 1986-01-31 | Kristallines triethylaminsalz von cefbuperazon. |
| JP61020000A JPH0631257B2 (ja) | 1985-02-01 | 1986-01-31 | セフブペラゾンの結晶性トリエチルアミン塩 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/697,172 US4754030A (en) | 1985-02-01 | 1985-02-01 | Cefbuperazone crystalline triethylamine salt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US4754030A true US4754030A (en) | 1988-06-28 |
Family
ID=24800099
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/697,172 Expired - Fee Related US4754030A (en) | 1985-02-01 | 1985-02-01 | Cefbuperazone crystalline triethylamine salt |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4754030A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0189942B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH0631257B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE82978T1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1242700A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3687171T2 (de) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5496345A (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 1996-03-05 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Expansible tunneling apparatus for creating an anatomic working space |
| US6592602B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2003-07-15 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Balloon dissection apparatus |
| US6632234B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2003-10-14 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic procedures with laparoscopic visualization |
| US6835829B2 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 2004-12-28 | Sandoz Gmbh | Purification process |
| US20100147428A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2010-06-17 | Lipper Ray W | Wheel having inner bead-lock |
| WO2022235105A1 (ko) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 멜라노코르틴 수용체 작용제 화합물의 결정형 ⅶ 및 이의 제조방법 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101830916B (zh) * | 2010-05-14 | 2013-08-14 | 胡梨芳 | 抗菌药物及其制备方法和用途 |
| CN102327240B (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-03-27 | 海南合瑞制药股份有限公司 | 一种注射用头孢拉宗钠药物组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN113069422B (zh) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-07-12 | 海南通用三洋药业有限公司 | 注射用头孢拉宗钠冻干粉针剂的制备方法 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1104938A (en) * | 1964-05-28 | 1968-03-06 | Glaxo Lab Ltd | Improvements in or relating to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid |
| US4160863A (en) * | 1977-04-07 | 1979-07-10 | Bristol-Myers Company | Process for the preparation of the crystalline monohydrate of 7-[D-α-aα-(p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid |
| US4263292A (en) * | 1978-06-13 | 1981-04-21 | Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. | 7α-methoxycephalosporins and pharmaceutical composition comprising the same |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5625188A (en) * | 1979-08-07 | 1981-03-10 | Toyama Chem Co Ltd | 7alpha-methoxycephalosporin |
| GB8316589D0 (en) * | 1983-06-17 | 1983-07-20 | Ici Plc | Crystalline salts |
-
1985
- 1985-02-01 US US06/697,172 patent/US4754030A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1986
- 1986-01-20 CA CA000499856A patent/CA1242700A/en not_active Expired
- 1986-01-31 AT AT86101309T patent/ATE82978T1/de active
- 1986-01-31 DE DE8686101309T patent/DE3687171T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-01-31 EP EP86101309A patent/EP0189942B1/de not_active Expired
- 1986-01-31 JP JP61020000A patent/JPH0631257B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1104938A (en) * | 1964-05-28 | 1968-03-06 | Glaxo Lab Ltd | Improvements in or relating to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid |
| US4160863A (en) * | 1977-04-07 | 1979-07-10 | Bristol-Myers Company | Process for the preparation of the crystalline monohydrate of 7-[D-α-aα-(p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid |
| US4263292A (en) * | 1978-06-13 | 1981-04-21 | Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. | 7α-methoxycephalosporins and pharmaceutical composition comprising the same |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060036277A1 (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 2006-02-16 | Kieturakis Maciej J | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US6695856B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2004-02-24 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US8187296B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2012-05-29 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US6632234B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2003-10-14 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic procedures with laparoscopic visualization |
| US6679900B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2004-01-20 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US20040015182A1 (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 2004-01-22 | Kieturakis Maciej J. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic procedures with laparoscopic visualization |
| US6953467B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2005-10-11 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US6755845B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2004-06-29 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US6758853B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2004-07-06 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US20040236363A1 (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 2004-11-25 | Kieturakis Maciej J. | Apparatus and methods for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US6514272B1 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2003-02-04 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US8157831B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2012-04-17 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic procedures with laparoscopic visualization |
| US7297153B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2007-11-20 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US7001405B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2006-02-21 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic procedures with laparoscopic visualization |
| US20060173483A1 (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 2006-08-03 | Kieturakis Maciej J | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic procedures with laparoscopic visualization |
| US7214236B2 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 2007-05-08 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US5496345A (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 1996-03-05 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Expansible tunneling apparatus for creating an anatomic working space |
| US20080058853A1 (en) * | 1992-06-02 | 2008-03-06 | Gneral Surgical Innovactions, Inc. | Apparatus and method for developing an anatomic space for laparoscopic hernia repair and patch for use therewith |
| US6835829B2 (en) | 1995-08-14 | 2004-12-28 | Sandoz Gmbh | Purification process |
| US8172869B2 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2012-05-08 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Balloon dissection apparatus |
| US6592602B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2003-07-15 | General Surgical Innovations, Inc. | Balloon dissection apparatus |
| US20100147428A1 (en) * | 2006-12-15 | 2010-06-17 | Lipper Ray W | Wheel having inner bead-lock |
| WO2022235105A1 (ko) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 멜라노코르틴 수용체 작용제 화합물의 결정형 ⅶ 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN117255786A (zh) * | 2021-05-06 | 2023-12-19 | 株式会社Lg 化学 | 黑皮质素受体激动剂化合物的晶型vii及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0189942A2 (de) | 1986-08-06 |
| CA1242700A (en) | 1988-10-04 |
| EP0189942B1 (de) | 1992-12-02 |
| DE3687171D1 (de) | 1993-01-14 |
| DE3687171T2 (de) | 1993-04-01 |
| ATE82978T1 (de) | 1992-12-15 |
| JPH0631257B2 (ja) | 1994-04-27 |
| JPS61180789A (ja) | 1986-08-13 |
| EP0189942A3 (en) | 1987-09-30 |
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