US7578272B2 - Multiple cylinder engine - Google Patents

Multiple cylinder engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US7578272B2
US7578272B2 US11/442,847 US44284706A US7578272B2 US 7578272 B2 US7578272 B2 US 7578272B2 US 44284706 A US44284706 A US 44284706A US 7578272 B2 US7578272 B2 US 7578272B2
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Prior art keywords
control
valve
cylinder group
swing
cylinder
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Expired - Fee Related
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US11/442,847
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US20070028876A1 (en
Inventor
Hideo Fujita
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Yamaha Motor Co Ltd
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Yamaha Motor Co Ltd
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Assigned to YAMAHA HATSUDOKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment YAMAHA HATSUDOKI KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FUJITA, HIDEO
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/06—Cutting-out cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
    • F01L2013/001—Deactivating cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
    • F01L2013/0068—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot with an oscillating cam acting on the valve of the "BMW-Valvetronic" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
    • F01L2013/0073—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot with an oscillating cam acting on the valve of the "Delphi" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00—Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • F01L2800/08—Timing or lift different for valves of different cylinders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/21—Elements
    • Y10T74/2101—Cams
    • Y10T74/2107—Follower

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine and, more particularly, to an internal combustion engine with multiple cylinders with valves that can be sequentially controllable.
  • valve drive devices that are configured to sequentially control the open periods and lift amounts of intake and exhaust valves.
  • valve drive device includes a camshaft, which drives a swing cam supported for swing movement.
  • the swing cam actuates an intake valve or an exhaust valve between open and close positions.
  • a center of the swing movement of the swing cam is variable. By varying the center of the swing movement, the open period and the lift amount of the valve can be sequentially changed.
  • an internal combustion engine can operate in the so-called “cylinder suspended mode”. In such a mode, operation of a part of cylinder groups is suspended in a low load range.
  • Japanese Patent Application JP-A-2004-316571 discloses an example of an engine that can operate in the cylinder suspended mode.
  • the disclosed engine also includes a valve drive device by which the open period and the lift amount of respective valves are sequentially varied.
  • the cylinders are divided into multiple cylinder groups each having a control shaft so that valve lift amounts can be controllable in every cylinder group.
  • the valve lift amount of a part of the cylinder groups can be brought to zero in a predetermined operational range.
  • the engine arrangement described above for realizing the cylinder suspended mode operation has multiple control shafts and employs a system in which the respective control shafts are controlled to have different rotational angles.
  • the structure of the valve drive device is inevitably complicated and production costs thereof can increase.
  • one object of an aspect of the present invention is to provide a multiple cylinder engine that can suspend an operation of a part of cylinders without having a complicated structure or increasing production costs.
  • one aspect of the present invention is a multiple cylinder engine that includes a plurality of cylinders.
  • Each cylinder includes a valve configured to open and close a port associated with each of the respective cylinders.
  • the cylinders comprises at least a first cylinder group and a second cylinder group.
  • a drive shaft is configured to rotate about an axis.
  • a plurality of valve actuators are configured to transmit rotational movement of the drive shaft to the valve.
  • a change mechanism comprises a control member that is configured to change a transmission state of the rotational movement transmitted from the drive shaft to the valve actuators. The change mechanism is configured to sequentially change an open period and a lift amount of each valve by changing a control amount of the control member.
  • the control member is common to the first and second cylinder groups and the transmission states for the first cylinder group differs from the transmission states of the second cylinder group in accordance with the control amount of the control member.
  • the valve open period and the lift amount of the valves in the first cylinder group is capable of being set to zero in a predetermined operational range to suspend operation of the first cylinder group.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a multiple cylinder engine that comprises a plurality valves including a first group of valves and a second group of valves.
  • a drive shaft is configured to rotate about an axis.
  • a plurality of valve actuators are configured to transmit rotational movement of the drive shaft to the plurality of valves.
  • a plurality change mechanisms are configured to change an open period or a lift amount of each of the valves by changing a control amount of a control member that is common to the plurality of change mechanisms.
  • the control member is configured to change a state of the rotational movement transmitted from the drive shaft to the valve actuators by changing the control amount of the control member. As the control amount of the control member is changed, the transmission states for the first group of valves differs from the second group of valves.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is multiple cylinder engine that has a plurality valves comprising a first group of valves and a second group of valves.
  • a drive shaft configured to rotate about an axis and to actuate a plurality of valve actuators configured to transmit rotational movement of the drive shaft to the plurality of valves.
  • a plurality of change mechanisms are configured to change an open period and a lift amount of each of the valves by changing a control amount of a control member that is common to the plurality of change mechanisms.
  • Means are provided for setting the open period and lift period of the first group of valves to zero in a predetermined operational range with the common control member while the open period and lift period of the second group of valves remain greater than zero.
  • Another aspect of the present invention comprises a method of operating a multiple cylinder in which during a first condition, with a plurality of valve drive mechanisms having a common control member an open period and a lift amount of a first group of valves and a second group of valves are adjusted.
  • the common control member is actuated to change the open period and the lift amount of the first group of valves to zero while the open period and the lift amount of the second group of valves remains greater than zero.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional, side elevational view of a first embodiment of a valve drive device for a multiple cylinder engine
  • FIG. 2A is a cross sectional, side elevational view of the valve drive device of FIG. 1 in a first position
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic side view of a control section of the valve drive device of FIG. 2A ;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional, side elevational view of the valve drive device of FIG. 1 in a second position
  • FIG. 4A is an enlarged view of a swing cam surface of the valve drive device of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 4B is a enlarged view of another swing cam surface of the valve drive of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic layout view of the engine of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a graphical illustration of valve lift versus rotational angle for an embodiment of the valve drive device of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross sectional, side elevational view of another embodiment of a valve drive device in a first position
  • FIG. 8 is a cross sectional, side elevational view of the valve drive device of FIG. 7 in a second position
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic side elevational view of the valve drive device of FIG. 7 ;
  • FIG. 10 is a cross sectional, side elevational view of another embodiment of a valve drive device
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a valve drive device
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a valve drive device
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a valve drive device
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a valve drive device.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a valve drive device.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 illustrate an embodiment of a multiple cylinder engine configured in accordance with the first embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 are cross sectional, side elevational views of the embodiment of the valve drive device.
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a swing cam.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view for describing cylinder groups.
  • FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing relationships between a control shaft rotational angle ⁇ and the largest lift [H].
  • the engine of the illustrated embodiment can be a V-type, eight cylinder engine including a left bank which has four cylinders (# 1 , 3 , 5 and 7 of FIG. 5 ) and a right bank which has four cylinders (# 2 , 4 , 6 and 8 of FIG. 5 ).
  • the large arrow of FIG. 5 indicates a front side of the engine.
  • the reference symbols R and L indicate the right bank and the left bank, respectively.
  • the illustrated four-stroke cycle, multi-cylinder, V-type engine merely exemplifies one type of engine on which various aspects and features of the valve drive mechanism embodiments described herein can be used.
  • Engines having other numbers of cylinders and having other cylinder arrangements also can employ various features, aspects and advantages of the described embodiments.
  • certain aspects and features of the embodiments described herein can be extended to engines that operate on different principles (e.g., two stroke, diesel etc.).
  • Each right and left bank can have a cylinder block, a cylinder head 1 coupled with a top end of the cylinder block and a head cover 2 detachably attached to the cylinder head 1 .
  • FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view taken along the line I-I of FIG. 5 (the cylinder # 5 of the left bank).
  • the cylinder block can be replaced with separate or substantially separate cylinder bodies.
  • a portion of a surface of each cylinder head 1 facing the respective cylinder block can be recessed to define combustion chambers 1 b .
  • Intake ports 1 c and exhaust ports 1 d can open to each combustion chamber 1 b .
  • Each intake port 1 c and each exhaust port 1 d can be connected to openings defined in an inner side wall 1 j of the bank and an outer side wall 1 k of the bank through an intake passage 1 e and an exhaust passage 1 f , respectively.
  • a valve head 2 a of an intake valve 2 and a valve head 3 a of an exhaust valve 3 can be positioned at each intake port 1 c and each exhaust port 1 d , respectively, to open or close the respective ports 1 c , 1 d .
  • Valve springs 5 a , 5 b can individually extend between retainers 4 a , 4 b which are attached to top ends of valve stems 2 b , 3 b of the respective intake valve 2 and the exhaust valve 3 and spring seats 1 g , 1 g of the cylinder head 1 .
  • the springs 5 a , 5 b can urge the respective valves 2 , 3 to their positions at which the valves 2 , 3 close the respective ports 1 c , 1 d.
  • Intake valve position sequentially changing valve drive devices 6 can be individually provided for the right bank and for the left bank.
  • Exhaust valve position sequentially changing valve drive devices 7 can be individually provided for the right bank and for the left bank.
  • An open period and a lift amount of the intake valve 2 can be sequentially variable between zero (and/or substantially zero) and the maximum.
  • an open period and a lift amount of the exhaust valve 3 can be sequentially variable between zero (and/or substantially zero) and the maximum.
  • the respective cylinders of the respective banks can be divided into a suspendable cylinder group which cylinders are operated in a cylinder suspended mode in which operations of those cylinders are suspended in a low load range, and a sequentially operable cylinder group which cylinders are sequentially operated in the whole operation ranges.
  • the cylinders # 1 and # 7 of the left bank can below belong to the sequentially operable group, and the cylinders # 3 and # 5 of the left bank belong to the suspendable cylinder group.
  • the cylinders # 2 and # 8 of the right bank can belong to the suspendable cylinder group, and the cylinders # 4 and # 6 of the right bank can belong to the sequentially operable group. See FIG. 5 .
  • each intake valve position sequentially changing valve drive device 6 and each exhaust valve position sequentially changing valve drive device 7 can have the same or substantially the same structure as one another except for some portions. Therefore, mainly, the intake valve position sequentially changing valve drive device 6 will be described below.
  • the exhaust valve position sequentially changing valve drive device 7 the same reference numerals or symbols will be assigned to the components which are the same as the components of the intake side, and only certain different portions will be described below in detail.
  • the intake valve position sequentially changing valve drive device 6 can include an intake camshaft (drive shaft) 8 , intake rocker arms (valve actuator) 9 receiving rotational movement of the camshaft 8 transmitted therefrom to actuate the intake valve 2 , and a change mechanism 10 positioned between the rocker arm 9 and the intake camshaft 8 to change transmission states of the rotational movement transmitted from the camshaft 8 to the intake rocker arm 9 .
  • the change mechanism 10 can include intake swing cams 11 driven by intake cam noses 8 a of the intake cam shaft 8 , intermediate intake rocker arms (control arms) 12 driven by the respective intake swing cams 11 , and a control shaft (control member) 13 supporting the intermediate intake rockers 12 and the intake rocker arms 9 for swing movement of the intermediate intake rockers 12 .
  • the intake swing cams 11 with its own swing movement, swing the respective intake rocker arms 9 via the intermediate intake rockers 12 . With the swing movement of the rocker arms 9 , the intake valves 2 axially move to open or close the intake ports 1 c.
  • Each intake valve 2 can have one set of the intake cam nose 8 a , the intake swing cam 11 , the intermediate intake rocker 12 and the intake rocker arm 9 .
  • One control shaft 13 can be allotted to the left bank, and another control shaft 13 is allotted to the right bank.
  • the intake camshaft 8 can extend parallel to a crankshaft (not shown).
  • the intake camshaft 8 can be fixed to the cylinder head 1 by a cam journal receiving member 1 h attached to the cylinder head 1 and cam caps 1 i attached to a top surface of the cam journal receiving member 1 h for rotation but for not moving axially nor in a direction normal to its axis.
  • Each cam nose 8 a of the intake camshaft 8 can have a base circle section 8 b having a certain outer diameter and a nose section 8 c having a predetermined cam profile to open and close the associated intake valve in a suction stroke.
  • Each rocker arm 9 is formed with right and left base sections 9 a , 9 a both having a ring shape, right and left arm sections 9 b , 9 b both extending forward from the respective base sections 9 a , 9 a , and a bottom wall 9 c unitarily joining them.
  • the right and left base sections 9 a , 9 a can be supported by journal sections 13 a , 13 a of the control shaft 13 , which can extend parallel to the intake camshaft 8 and can be positioned closer to a cylinder axis, for vertical swing movement but for not moving axially nor in a direction normal to those axes.
  • a valve pushing surface 9 d can be formed at a bottom of a tip of the bottom wall 9 c so as to push a shim 2 c attached to a top end of each intake valve 2 .
  • Inner surfaces of the respective arm sections 9 b , 9 b can have shelf-like pressed surfaces 9 e , 9 e pressed by a pressing surface 12 a of the intermediate rocker 12 .
  • Each pressed surface 9 e can be formed as a circular arc having a radius [r] which center is inconsistent with a swing center [a] of the intake swing cam 11 in a view in the axial direction of the intake camshaft.
  • An offset pin section 13 b can be positioned between the journal sections 13 a , 13 b of the control shaft 13 .
  • the offset pin section 13 b can be unitarily formed with the control shaft 13 so as to deviate outward from an axis [b] of the control shaft 13 in its radius direction.
  • the offset pin section 13 b can have an outer diameter smaller than those of other portions of the control shaft 13 .
  • a semi-circular engaging base section 12 b of each intermediate intake rocker 12 can engage the offset pin section 13 b for pivotal movement.
  • a leaf spring or biasing member 14 can couple the engaging base section 12 b and the offset pin section 13 b with each other so that they are pivotable relative to each other but cannot be separated from one another.
  • Right and left arm sections 12 c , 12 c can be unitarily formed with the engaging base section 12 b of the intermediate intake rocker 12 to extend forward.
  • a rocker roller 12 d can be positioned between front end portions of the right and left arm sections 12 c , 12 c to rollingly contact with a cam surface 16 c of the swing cam 11 .
  • the rocker roller 12 d can be journaled by a roller pin 12 e extending through the right and left arm sections 12 c , 12 c in an axial direction of the control shaft 13 .
  • the pressing surfaces 12 a , 12 a can be formed at bottoms of front end portions of the right and left arm sections 12 c , 12 c .
  • the respective pressing surfaces 12 a can press the right and left pressed surfaces 9 e of the intake rocker arms 9 .
  • a drive mechanism such as, for example, a servo motor can rotate the control shaft 13 and can controls a rotational angle ⁇ of the control shaft 13 to be a desired angle.
  • drive mechanism changes the rotational angle ⁇ of the control shaft 13
  • the rocker roller 12 d and the pressing surface 12 a of the intermediate intake rocker 12 move along the pressed surfaces 9 e .
  • the drive mechanism can control the rotational angle of the control shaft 13 in such a manner that, for example, in accordance with a rotational angle of an accelerator pedal, as the angle becomes larger, an opening and a lift amount of the intake valve can become larger.
  • the offset pin section 13 b pivots along a circle [c] which center is consistent with the axis [b] when the control shaft 13 pivots.
  • the rotational angle ⁇ of the control shaft 13 is the minimum ⁇ 0 (for example, 15-20° relative to a reference straight line [A] extending through the axis [b])
  • the offset pin section 13 b reaches the position 13 b 1 of FIG. 2( a ).
  • the intermediate rocker 12 thus is positioned at a retreat end (position indicated by the actual line of FIG. 2) .
  • a reason why the minimum rotational angle ⁇ 0 and the maximum rotational angle ⁇ max of the control shaft 13 are set at the positions which are out of the reference straight line [A] is to promote a proper rate of a variation of the intermediate rocker 12 in a fore to aft direction relative to a variation of the rotational angle of the control shaft 13 .
  • Each swing cam 11 can include a swing arm body 16 which is supported by the swing shaft 15 extending parallel to the intake camshaft 8 for swing movement but for not moving axially nor in a direction normal to an axis of the swing shaft 15 , and a swing roller 17 journaled by the swing arm body 16 .
  • a spring or biasing member (not shown) can urge the swing arm body 16 clockwise in FIG. 2 so that the swing roller 17 rollingly contact with the cam nose 8 a all the time.
  • the swing arm body 16 can have a cylindrical base section 16 a and an arm section 16 b . Both of the sections 16 a , 16 b can be unitarily formed with each other so that the arm section 16 b extends from the base section 16 a which is journaled by the swing shaft 15 .
  • a swing cam surface 16 c can be unitarily formed at a tip of the arm section 16 b .
  • the arm section 16 b has a roller space 16 d in which the swing roller 17 is disposed.
  • the roller space 16 d can have a slit vertically extending through the arm section 16 b .
  • the roller pin 17 a can journal the swing roller 17 .
  • the roller pin 17 a can extend parallel to the swing shaft 15 and through the arm section 16 b.
  • the swing cam surface 16 c can include the base circle section 16 e and a lift section 16 f ranging to a distal end (i.e., end which is far spaced from the axis [b] of the control shaft 13 ) of the base circle section 16 e.
  • the base circle section 16 e can be shaped as a circular arc which center is consistent with the axis [a] of the swing shaft 15 and has a radius [R].
  • the swing cam surface 16 c for the sequentially operable cylinder group and the swing cam surface 16 for the suspendable cylinder group can differ from each other.
  • a border C′ between the base circle section 16 e ′ and the lift section 16 f ′ of the swing cam surface 16 c ′ can deviate toward the lift section 16 f more than a border C of the swing cam surface 16 c (see FIG. 4( a )). That is, the base circle section 16 e ′ for the suspendable cylinder group is broader than the base circle section 16 for the sequentially operable cylinder group by the area between the borders C-C′ shown in FIG. 4( b ).
  • a shape of the lift section 16 f ′ can become more similar to a shape of the lift section 16 f for the sequentially operable cylinder group.
  • the major part of the shape of the lift section 16 f ′ is the same as the shape of the lift section 16 f.
  • the open periods and the lift amounts of the respective intake valves 2 can be controlled based upon control characteristics which are different between one for the sequentially operable cylinder group and the other for the suspendable cylinder group.
  • control characteristics which are different between one for the sequentially operable cylinder group and the other for the suspendable cylinder group.
  • One embodiment of different control characteristics will be described based upon the characteristic curves of FIG. 6 which is an example of the relationships between the control shaft rotational angle ( ⁇ ) and the largest lift (H).
  • the horizontal axis indicates the rotational angle ⁇ , while the vertical axis indicates the largest lift [H] when the control shaft is in a certain rotational angle ⁇ .
  • the largest lift [H] smoothly increase from 0 to the maximum with the rotational angle ⁇ of the control shaft 13 increasing from ⁇ 0 to ⁇ max.
  • the largest lift [H] can be kept at or near zero before the rotational angle ⁇ of the control shaft 13 increases from ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 1.
  • the largest lift [H] starts increasing.
  • the rotational angle ⁇ exceeds ⁇ 2, the largest lift [H] can become equal to the largest lift [H] for the sequentially operable cylinder group.
  • the control shaft 13 is driven so that the rotational angle ⁇ can become, for example, ⁇ max.
  • the respective intermediate rockers 12 are positioned at the advance ends, the largest lift [H] of the valves for both of the sequentially operable cylinder group and the suspendable cylinder group can become the maximum.
  • the control shaft 13 is driven so that the rotational angle ⁇ becomes smaller.
  • the rotational angle ⁇ becomes smaller than ⁇ 2
  • the largest lift for the suspendable cylinder group can be come smaller than the largest lift for the sequentially operable cylinder group as shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the rotational angle ⁇ becomes smaller than ⁇ 1
  • the largest lift for the suspendable cylinder group can become zero.
  • the operation of the cylinders of the suspendable cylinder group can be suspended.
  • the largest lift gradually decreases with the rotational angle ⁇ of the control shaft 13 decreasing.
  • the operation of the cylinders of the suspendable cylinder group can be suspended while the operation of the sequentially operable cylinder group can be continued using the valve position sequentially changing valve drive device.
  • the cylinders # 1 and 7 can be sequentially operated and the remainder cylinders # 3 and 5 can be suspended.
  • this device does not need to have two control shafts.
  • the overall size of the valve drive device can be reduced and a space for the control shaft can be easily ensured.
  • the structure is not as complicated as the prior art, and the parts count and production costs do not increase.
  • Another advantage is that the simple structure in which the cam surfaces 16 c of the swing cams 11 differ from each other, one for the suspendable cylinder group and the other for the sequentially operable cylinder group.
  • a problem can arise such that the maximum power of the engine, particularly, in the high speed and high load range can decrease because the cylinder suspended operation is realized.
  • the rotational angle ⁇ exceeds ⁇ 2
  • the largest lift for the suspendable cylinder group becomes consistent with the largest lift for the sequentially operable cylinder group. The problem thus can be avoided.
  • the right bank operates similarly to the left bank discussed above.
  • the right bank thus can have the same actions and can enjoy the same advantages.
  • the exhaust valve position sequentially changing valve drive devices in the right and left banks operate similarly, and thus can have the same actions and can enjoy the same advantages.
  • the single control shaft can sequentially change the valve opening periods and the lift amounts of both of the banks so as to realize the suspension of the operation of the part of the cylinders.
  • the first embodiment discussed above does not limit ways for realizing the suspension of the operation of the part of the cylinders.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 are illustrations of a second embodiment of a valve drive device.
  • the same reference numerals or symbols as those of FIGS. 1 to 3 indicate the same or similar components and portions.
  • a deviation amount [c] of each offset pin section 13 b from the axis [b] of the control shaft 13 and an arm length of each intermediate rocker 12 are differently set between the sequentially operable cylinder group and the suspendable cylinder group; thereby, the same actions and effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
  • each offset pin section 13 b 1 for the suspendable cylinder group can pivot along an offset circle [c 1 ] which deviation amount from the axis [b] is [c 1 ]
  • each offset pin section 13 b 2 for the sequentially operable cylinder group can pivot along an offset circle [c 2 ] which deviation amount from the axis [b] is [c 2 ].
  • the amount [c 1 ] can be larger than the amount [c 2 ].
  • a length of each intermediate rocker arm 12 c 2 for the sequentially operable cylinder group can be longer than a length of each intermediate rocker arm 12 c 1 for the suspendable cylinder group by the length (c 1 ⁇ c 2 )/2.
  • the rocker rollers 12 d 1 for the suspendable cylinder group can retreat more than the rocker rollers 12 d 2 for the sequentially operable cylinder group.
  • a contacting point of each rocker roller 12 d 1 for the suspendable cylinder group with the cam surface 16 c can be positioned at a location adjacent to the axis [b] of the control shaft 13 .
  • the rocker rollers 12 d 1 for the suspendable cylinder group and the rocker rollers 12 d 2 for the sequentially operable cylinder group are positioned at the same locations in the fore to aft direction.
  • each intake valve 2 can be controlled based upon characteristics which differ from each other between the sequentially operable cylinder group and the suspendable cylinder group. Specifically, they are controlled to change along the dashed line of FIG. 6 .
  • the largest lift [H] smoothly varies from 0 to the maximum while the rotational angle ⁇ increases from ⁇ 0 to ⁇ max.
  • the largest lift [H] is kept to be zero before the rotational angle ⁇ of the control shaft 13 increases from ⁇ 0 to ⁇ 1.
  • the largest lift [H] starts increasing.
  • the largest lift for the suspendable cylinder group gradually approaches the largest lift for the sequentially operable cylinder group, and the largest lifts for both of the groups become equal to each other when the rotational angle approaches to the vicinity of the maximum ⁇ max.
  • the substantially same or same actions and effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.
  • the largest lift for the suspendable cylinder group can become gradually smaller than the largest lift for the sequentially operable cylinder group when the rotational angle of the control shaft 13 becomes smaller than the maximum ⁇ max.
  • the changes between the whole cylinder operating mode and the part cylinder suspended mode can be more smoothly made, and any shocks following the mode changes can be almost completely removed.
  • the cylinder partially suspended control can be realized simply by the structure in which the deviation amount of each offset pin 13 b from the axis [b] of the control shaft 13 and the length of each intermediate rocker 12 are set differently.
  • the drive shaft acting as the drive source for actuating the valves is the camshaft, and each swing cam is compulsively swung toward the opening position and the swing cam is urged to swing toward the closing position by the spring.
  • the swing cam is swung toward both of the opening and closing positions.
  • the same reference numerals or symbols as those of FIG. 2 indicate the same or similar components and portions.
  • a crankshaft 90 replaces the camshaft.
  • the crankshaft 90 can include a shaft body 90 a , a pair of disk-like crank arms 90 b , 90 c which have an outer diameter larger than an outer diameter of the shaft body 90 a , and a crank pin 90 c positioned between the crank arms 90 b , 90 b and is deviated outward from an axis of the shaft body 90 a in a radius direction.
  • a connecting rod 91 can connect the crankshaft 90 and the arm body 16 of the swing cam 11 to each other.
  • One end 91 a of the connecting rod 91 is coupled with the crank pin 90 c , while the other end 91 b thereof is coupled with the arm body 12 .
  • the urging spring 14 used in the first and second embodiments is not necessary.
  • the swing cam 11 is swung toward both of the valve opening and closing directions together with the crankshaft 90 rotating. For example, whole of the cylinders of the sequentially operable cylinder group and the suspendable cylinder group are operated in the high speed and high load range, while only the cylinders of the suspendable cylinder group are suspended in the low speed and low load range because the largest lift for the suspendable cylinder group is kept at zero.
  • the valve train device can use the methods of suspending cylinders described above with respect to the first and/or the second embodiments.
  • each control arm (intermediate rocker) 12 can be interposed between the swing cam 11 and the rocker arm 9 .
  • the position of the control arm according to the present invention is not limited to those in the embodiments.
  • FIG. 11 is an illustration for describing a fourth embodiment in which the control arm is positioned between the swing cam and the camshaft.
  • the same reference numerals or symbols as those of FIG. 2 indicate the same or similar components and portions.
  • control shaft 13 having a swing axis [a] can support the swing cam 11 for swing movement.
  • An offset shaft section 13 b having an axis [b] deviating from the axis [a] of the control shaft 13 supports a control arm 20 for swing movement.
  • the control arm 20 holds a roller 20 a at its distal end by a roller pin 20 b for rotation.
  • the roller pin 20 b can be inserted into a slot 11 a of the swing cam 11 so as to slide therein.
  • the roller 20 a of the control arm 20 moves along the slot 11 a . Consequently, the substantial arm length Lc of the control arm 20 can vary.
  • the rocker shaft 19 can support the rocker arm 9 for swing movement.
  • the rocker arm 9 holds a rocker roller 18 for rotation.
  • the rocker roller 18 can rollingly contact with the cam surface 16 c of the swing cam 11 .
  • the respective cam surfaces 16 c are shaped so as to be different from each other between the cylinder groups. Specifically, an angle range of the base circle section (indicated by the dashed line of FIG. 11 ) 16 e ′ for the suspendable cylinder group is larger than an angle range of the base circle section (indicated by the actual line of FIG. 11 ) 16 e for the sequentially operable cylinder group.
  • the substantial arm length of the control arm 20 varies, and the swing angle of the swing cam 11 varies.
  • the valve opening period and lift amount change. Because the shapes of the cam surfaces of the respective swing cams 11 are different from each other between the cylinder groups, the lift amount for the suspendable cylinder group is zero when the rotational angle of the control shaft 13 is in the predetermined range.
  • the cylinders of the suspendable cylinder group in the respective banks thus can be suspended.
  • deviation amounts of the offset shaft sections 13 b can be made differently between them.
  • the valve drive device can include the camshaft or crankshaft, the swing cams driven by the camshaft or the crankshaft, the intermediate rockers driven by the respective swing cams and the rocker arms swinging together with the intermediate rockers.
  • the valve drive device apply is not limited to the above embodiments.
  • the valve drive device can be configured as shown in FIGS. 12 to 15 .
  • a change mechanism 30 ′ can be disposed between an intake camshaft 31 and a rocker arm 34 .
  • the change mechanism 30 ′ includes a swing lever 32 having a roller 32 a positioned at a center of the lever 32 and driven by the camshaft 31 , and a guide cam 33 which guides a roller 32 b positioned at one end of the swing lever 32 .
  • the other end of the swing lever 32 is coupled with the rocker arm 34 .
  • one end of the rocker arm 34 can be supported by a rush adjuster 35 , while the other end thereof can push a top end of the associated intake valve 36 .
  • the guide cam 33 of the valve drive device 30 can function as the control member.
  • a contact point of the swing lever 32 with the roller 32 b changes, and the open period and the lift amount of the intake valve 36 varies.
  • the cam surfaces 33 a of the guide cams 33 can be shaped differently from each other between the sequentially operable cylinder group and the suspendable cylinder group.
  • the base circle section (indicated by the dashed line of FIG. 12 ) for the suspendable cylinder group is larger than the base circle section (indicated by the actual line of FIG. 12 ) for the sequentially operable cylinder group.
  • the part of cylinders can be suspended using the valve position sequentially changing valve drive device without requiring a broader space or increasing a parts count and production costs.
  • a change mechanism 40 ′ of a valve drive device 40 cam include a swing lever 42 having a roller 42 a positioned at one end thereof and is driven by a swing lever 42 , and a guide cam 43 which guides a roller 42 b positioned at a center of the swing lever 42 .
  • a cam surface 42 c of the other end of the swing lever 42 pushes a rocker arm 44 .
  • one end of the rocker arm 44 can be supported by a rush adjuster 45 , while the other end thereof can push a top end of the associated intake valve 46 .
  • a spring 47 urges the swing lever 42 toward the guide cam 43 .
  • the guide cam 43 of the valve drive device 40 can function as the control member. By pivoting the guide cam 43 in the direction indicated by the arrows of FIG. 13 , a contact point of the swing lever 42 with the roller 42 b changes, and the open period and the lift amount of the intake valve 46 varies.
  • the cam surfaces 43 a of the guide cams 43 can be shaped differently from each other between the sequentially operable cylinder group and the suspendable cylinder group.
  • the base circle section (indicated by the dashed line of FIG. 13 ) for the suspendable cylinder group is larger than the base circle section (indicated by the actual line of FIG. 13 ) for the sequentially operable cylinder group.
  • the part of cylinders can be suspended using the valve position sequentially changing valve drive device without requiring a broader space or increasing a parts count and production costs.
  • a change mechanism 50 ′ can be positioned between a drive shaft 51 functioning as the drive source and a lifter 57 functioning as the valve actuator.
  • An offset section 51 a is unitarily formed with the drive shaft 51 , and supports a base section of a link arm 51 b for relative rotation.
  • a distal end 51 c of the link arm 51 b moves up and down in the view of FIG. 14 together with the rotation of the offset section 51 a.
  • the change mechanism 50 ′ can include a rocker link 52 having one end coupled with the distal end 51 c of the link arm 51 b and a swing cam 54 coupled with the other end of the rocker link 52 through a link plate 53 .
  • the rocker link 52 swings.
  • the swing movement of the rocker link 52 can be transmitted to the swing cam 54 through the link plate 53 to swing the swing cam 54 .
  • the swing cam 54 then moves the lifter 57 , which in turn actuates the intake valve 56 .
  • An offset section 52 b formed on a control shaft 52 a supports the rocker link 52 for relative rotation.
  • a swing center of the rocker link 52 changes.
  • a transmission state of the rotation of the crankshaft 51 to the lifter 52 varies.
  • the open period and the lift amount of the intake valve 56 are changed, accordingly.
  • the part of cylinders can be suspended using the valve position sequentially changing valve drive device without requiring a broader space or increasing a parts count and production costs.
  • the swing cam 54 can be swung in both of the opening direction and the closing direction with the rotation of the crankshaft 51 .
  • the intake valve thus can certainly open and close the intake ports.
  • a change mechanism 60 ′ can be positioned between a camshaft 61 functioning as the drive source and a rocker arm 62 functioning as the valve actuator.
  • the change mechanism 60 ′ can include a swing cam 63 and a cam supporting mechanism 64 which controls a position of a fulcrum roller 63 a attached to a top end of the swing cam 63 .
  • the cam supporting mechanism 64 can include a guide member 64 a for guiding the fulcrum roller 63 a along a guide circle which center is a roller 62 a of the rocker arm 62 , and a cam shaft 64 b for moving the fulcrum roller 63 a.
  • a roller 63 b driven by the camshaft 61 can be attached to a middle portion of the swing cam 63 .
  • a bottom end of the swing cam 63 has a cam surface 63 c which pushes the roller 62 a of the rocker arm 62 .
  • the cam surfaces 63 a of the swing cams 63 can be shaped differently from each other between the sequentially operable cylinder group and the suspendable cylinder group.
  • the base circle section (indicated by the dashed line of FIG. 15 ) 63 e ′ for the suspendable cylinder group can be larger than the base circle section (indicated by the actual line of FIG. 15 ) 63 e for the sequentially operable cylinder group.
  • the part of cylinders can be suspended using the valve position sequentially changing valve drive device without requiring a broader space or increasing a parts count and production costs.
  • valve drive mechanism can be used to suspend the valves associated with particular cylinders that are to be suspended in operation.
  • certain features and aspects of the valve drive mechanism can be used to suspend operation of one or more valves associated with a cylinder while still permitting the other valves associated with the cylinder to open and close.
  • each cylinder can be provided with multiple valves (e.g., two or three intake valves and two or three exhaust valves).
  • the valve drive mechanism described above can be adapted such that under certain conditions less than all (e.g., two or one) of the multiple valves are opened during certain operating conditions. In this manner, the swirl or other characteristics of the combustion cycle can be controlled.
  • a control member can be common to the respective cylinder groups, and the transmission states for the respective cylinder groups differ from each other in accordance with the control amount of the control member.
  • the valve open period and the lift amount for the part of the cylinder groups can be zero, and the operation of the part of the cylinder groups can be suspended without having multiple control members. Therefore, in comparison with a structure having the multiple control members, an arrangement space for the structure of the present invention can be easily obtained.
  • the structure of the present invention is not complicated, and the parts count and production costs do not increase.
  • valve position sequentially changing valve drive device sequentially changes the valve lift amount of the part of the cylinder groups to suspend and restart the operation of the part of the cylinder groups.
  • the mode changes from the whole cylinder operating mode to the part cylinder suspended mode and from the part cylinder suspended mode to the whole cylinder operating mode can be smoothly made. Any shocks following the mode changes can be reduced.
  • control member supports the control arm for swing movement, and the control amount of the control member is varied to change the relative relationship between the position of the control arm and the position of the camshaft or the swing cam or the position of the swing cam, and the cam surface of the swing cam is configured to bring the valve lift amount to zero when the control amount of the control member is in the predetermined range. Therefore, the part cylinder suspended mode can be realized even though the common control member is used.
  • the base circle section of the swing cam for the part of the cylinder groups has the angular range broader than the base circle section of the swing cam for the remainder part of the cylinder groups.
  • the valve lift amount can be zero only when the rotational angle of the control member is in the predetermined range, and the part of the cylinder groups can be suspended. That is, the part cylinder suspended mode can be realized only by the simple structure in which the shapes of the cam surfaces are properly set.
  • the lift section of the swing cam for the part of the cylinder groups has the shape which becomes more similar to the shape of the lift section of the swing cam for the remainder part of the cylinder groups as the lift section of the swing cam for the part of the cylinder groups is spaced apart from the border thereof with the base circle becomes larger. Therefore, in the whole cylinder operation range, particularly, in a high speed and high load range, the valve lift amount for the part of the cylinder groups can be equalized to the valve lift amount for the remainder part of the cylinder groups. The shocks following the mode changes can be avoided. In addition, because the operation suspended mode is used, the maximum power of the engine does not fall.
  • the relative relationship between the position of the control arm and the position of the camshaft differs from each other between the cylinder groups.
  • the deviation amount of the control shaft for the part of the cylinder group from the center of the control member is larger than the deviation amount of the control shaft for the remainder part of the cylinder group from the center of the control member; thereby, when the control member is in the predetermined angle range, the control arm for the part of the cylinder groups can be retreat more than the control arm for the remainder part of the cylinder groups. Therefore, the valve lift amount for the part of the cylinder groups can be zero, and the operation of the part of the cylinder groups can be suspended. That is, the part cylinder suspended mode can be realized only by the simple structure in which the deviation amount of the control arm from the center of the control member is properly set.
  • control shaft for the part of cylinder groups is shorter than the control shaft for the remainder part of cylinder groups.
  • the contact portion of the control shaft for the part of cylinder groups with the cam surface and the contact portion of the control shaft for the remainder part of cylinder groups with the cam surface approach each other closer when the control member leaves from the predetermined angle range further. Accordingly, in the whole cylinder operating range, particularly, in a high speed and high load range, the valve lift amount for the part of the cylinder group can be equalized to the valve lift amount for the remainder part of the cylinder groups.
  • the maximum power of the engine does not fall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
US11/442,847 2005-05-30 2006-05-30 Multiple cylinder engine Expired - Fee Related US7578272B2 (en)

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JP2006329164A (ja) 2005-05-30 2006-12-07 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 複数気筒エンジン
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JP2006329164A (ja) 2006-12-07
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ATE474128T1 (de) 2010-07-15
DE602006015391D1 (de) 2010-08-26
EP1728980A1 (de) 2006-12-06

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