WO1996020423A1 - Ensemble de dispositifs optiques pour isolateur optique et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents
Ensemble de dispositifs optiques pour isolateur optique et son procede de fabrication Download PDFInfo
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- WO1996020423A1 WO1996020423A1 PCT/JP1995/002740 JP9502740W WO9620423A1 WO 1996020423 A1 WO1996020423 A1 WO 1996020423A1 JP 9502740 W JP9502740 W JP 9502740W WO 9620423 A1 WO9620423 A1 WO 9620423A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- material plate
- metallized film
- optical element
- polarizer
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/09—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
- G02F1/093—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical isolator utilizing the Faraday effect used for optical communication, optical measurement, and the like, and more specifically, to a method for manufacturing an optical element 1D, which is a component of an optical isolator.
- optical communication systems using a semiconductor laser as a light source and optical equipment using a semiconductor laser have been widely used, and their uses and scale of use have been expanded.
- the conventional optical isolator has a " ⁇ " configuration consisting of an optical element thread consisting of at least three optical elements, a polarizer, a Faraday filter fe ⁇ , and an analyzer, arranged in a straight line, and a permanent magnet for generating a magnetic field. And a holder for fixing and protecting the optical element assembly and the permanent magnet.
- optical isolators that require a high degree of reliability over a long period of time, such as repeaters for optical communications
- a fixing method using a metal fusion method is used instead of a fixing method using an organic adhesive.
- the proposed optical isolator force has been proposed.
- Adhesion by this metal fusion method is applied to a wide range of fields, such as gas turbine blades, magnetrons, vacuum windows of magnet mouth-wave electron tubes, and high-power high-frequency transmission transmission tubes. This is a technology that has been put to practical use.
- This metal fusion method is used in an optical isolator to bond optical elements to each other via a metallized film formed around the aperture of each optical element, or to bond an optical element to a holder. I have.
- the material of this metallized film is slightly different depending on the material to be adhered, but in general, Cr, Ta, W, Ti, Mo, Ni, or P Among them, a layer composed of an ISIS metal or a layer composed of an alloy containing at least one of these metals is formed, and Au, Ni, Pt, etc. are formed as the outermost layers. used. Further, as an intermediate layer between the underlayer and the outermost layer, a layer force composed of Ni, Pt, or the like may be formed.
- the welding metal used is a solder material such as Au—Sn alloy, Pb—Sn alloy, Au—Ge alloy, or various filter materials. It is also a relatively low Au-Sn alloy in terms of soldering strength, adhesion strength, and workability.
- FIGS. 29 and 30 show a method of manufacturing a conventional metal fusion type optical isolator.
- the outer holder 42 and the gold-plated end holder 40 are laser-irradiated with a ring-shaped permanent magnet 3 and a ring-shaped solder 1 therein.
- the Faraday rotators 60 are arranged in this order, put into a heat treatment furnace, and soldered. This part is called the A part.
- the analyzer 70 having a metallized film 10 formed on one side is provided with a ring-shaped solder 14 on the gold-plated end holder 41. They are placed interposed, placed in a heat treatment furnace, and soldered. This part is called the B part.
- a light beam having a predetermined wavelength is applied to the analyzer side (part B) Rotate the analyzer 70 so that the power of the light emitted from the polarizer side (part A) is low, and fit the part B into the part A at the point where the light power is the lowest.
- the end holders 40, 41 and the outer holder 42 are separated by a laser welding machine, whereby the A component and the B component are combined as shown in FIG. 30 (b).
- One optical isolator 1 is formed.
- each of the polarizer, analyzer and Faraday-time optical element has a size of about 1.6 mm square after forming an antireflection jj ⁇ on an optical material plate having a size of 10 mm square or more. It is cut to ⁇ .
- one optical element 20 is fixed to a fixing jig composed of a support plate 17 and a mask retainer 18. With this fixing jig, one optical element 20 is masked in a region to be an aperture by a metal mask 19, and a metallized film is formed in a predetermined shape by a drive process of a vacuum evaporation method or a sputtering method. .
- a method of directly soldering the optical material plates of a polarizer material plate, a Faraday rotator material plate, and an analyzer material plate that can cut out a plurality of optical elements has also been studied.
- a method of forming on a metallized film by vapor deposition has been implemented.
- the area of the portion where the solder film is formed is smaller than the entire area of the optical element, the efficiency of using the solder material is extremely poor, and a solder film of several meters or more is required to obtain a sufficient bonding state.
- the thickness L and the film were required, and the cost power increased.
- At least three optical elements of the polarizer, the Faraday rotator, and the analyzer are arranged so as to be aligned on one optical axis.
- a method for manufacturing an optical element for an isolator comprising: a polarizer material plate capable of cutting a plurality of the polarizers; a Faraday material plate capable of cutting a plurality of the Faraday rotators; and Preparing at least three optical material plates of an analyzer material plate capable of cutting out the plurality of analyzers, an optical surface of the polarizer material plate facing the Faraday rotator material plate, the Faraday rotator material Apertures for transmitting light on optical surfaces of the plate facing the polarizer material plate and the analyzer material plate, and optical surfaces of the analyzer material plate facing the Faraday rotator material plate.
- At least one of an optical surface facing the Faraday once material plate and an optical surface facing the polarizer material plate before the soldering step On one optical surface, a first groove for separating each of the optical material plates in units of the optical element assembly is formed, and further, on the optical surface facing the analyzer material plate and the Faraday rotator material plate.
- a groove forming step of forming a second groove having the same pattern as the first groove is added to at least one optical surface of the opposing optical surfaces, and the first and second grooves are formed in the cutting step.
- the metallized film forming step is performed after the groove forming step, and the metallized film is formed before the metallized film forming step.
- the first and second grooves are also formed on the wall surface, and in the cutting step, the portion having the wall surface on which the mask film is formed is left as a step on the side surface of each of the optical elements.
- At least three optical elements of a polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an analyzer are arranged so as to be aligned on one optical axis, and each of the optical elements is
- an optical element for an optical isolator which is soldered via a metallized film formed around an aperture of an optical surface, a step is formed on a side surface of each of the optical elements, and a metallized film is formed on the step.
- an optical axis passing through the same portion of the aperture of each of the optical material plates defined by the metallized film is formed on the optical surface.
- Each of the optical material plates is stacked so as to be inclined with respect to an orthogonal straight line, and in this state, each of the optical material plates is soldered at a portion of the metallized film, and in the cutting step, the respective optical material plates are arranged along the optical axis.
- At least three optical elements of a polarizer, a Faraday oscillator, and an analyzer are arranged in alignment on one optical axis, and each of the optical elements is
- an optical element assembly for an optical isolator which is soldered via a metallized film formed around an aperture on an optical surface, a linear force orthogonal to an optical surface of each optical element passes through the same portion of each aperture.
- An optical element for an optical isolator and a three-dimensional object characterized in that the optical element is inclined with respect to the optical axis, and the side surfaces of the optical elements are aligned on the same plane and parallel to the optical axis.
- a surface modification step of applying a water-repellent surface modifier to the optical surface of each of the optical material plates is performed.
- the cutting step is performed after the quality step.
- One one The method for producing an optical element for an optical isolator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface modified TO used in the surface modification step is a silane-based material.
- the method is a coupling agent.
- the metallized film in the metallized film forming step, is formed so that the aperture force defined by the metallized film is completely surrounded by the metallized film.
- a metal mask used for forming the metallized film covers a region to be the aperture, and the mask unit And a bridge connecting the masks, and the bridge is formed so as to be separated from the optical surface when the mask portion covers an area to be the aperture.
- a method for manufacturing an optical element assembly for an optical isolator according to the tenth aspect is obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a groove forming step of the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a metallized film forming step of the first embodiment
- FIG. 3 shows a soldering step of the first embodiment
- (a) shows a state in which solder is inserted into the groove.
- FIG. 4 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a state where soldering is completed
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an operation in the first embodiment
- FIG. 4 (a) is a view showing a state where a solder material is inserted into a groove.
- (B) is a cross-sectional view of a state where the solder material is melted
- FIG. 5 schematically shows the operation of the modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a state where a solder material is inserted into a groove
- FIG. 5 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a state where the solder material is melted.
- FIG. 6 shows a cutting step of the first embodiment, (a) is a cross-sectional view before cutting, (b) is a cross-sectional view after cutting,
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an isolator formed using the optical element assembly obtained according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a metallized film forming step in a modification of the first embodiment
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a main part of the optical material plate at the end of the metallized film forming step in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 shows a state in which the optical element assembly obtained in the second embodiment is inserted into a magnet and joined, (a) is a partially cutaway perspective view of the joined state, and (b) is an inserted state.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an optical isolator configured using the optical element body obtained according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a metallized film forming step and a groove forming step of the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a soldering step and a cutting step according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view showing an optical element formed by using the optical element obtained according to the third embodiment. It is a sectional view of an isolator,
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing a soldering step and a cutting step of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a soldering step and a cutting step of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a sectional view showing a soldering step and a cutting step of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing a film forming step and a metallized film forming step according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a soldering step and a cutting step of the seventh embodiment
- FIG. 20 is a structural formula of a surface modifier used in the seventh embodiment
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing measurement results of the optical isolator according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention and the optical isolator according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 22 is a perspective view of the optical material plate after the groove forming step of the manufacturing method according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 23 is a perspective view schematically showing a metallized film forming step of forming a metallized film on the optical material plate shown in FIG.
- FIG. 24 is a perspective view showing a main part of a metal mask used in the metallized film forming step shown in FIG. 23.
- FIG. 25 shows a soldering step of soldering the optical material plate shown in FIG. 22; (a) is a sectional view showing a state before soldering; (b) is a sectional view showing a state after soldering; FIG. 26 is a side view showing a cutting step of cutting the soldered optical material plate shown in FIG. 25,
- FIG. 27 is a plan view of a metal mask used in the metallized film forming step of the comparative manufacturing method.
- FIG. 28 is a graph showing the measurement results of the optical isolator according to the eighth embodiment and the optical isolator according to the comparative example,
- FIG. 29 shows a conventional method of assembling an optical isolator, (a) is a sectional view showing a method of component A, (b) is a sectional view showing a method of assembling component B,
- FIG. 30 shows a conventional method for assembling an optical isolator, wherein (a) is a cross-sectional view of a state before the B component is fitted to the A component, and (b) is a state in which the B component is fitted to the A component.
- FIG. 31 shows the state of the conventional metallized film formation
- (a) is a perspective view
- (b) is a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 32 is a sectional view of an optical isolator in which an optical element assembly is tilted using a conventional holder.
- FIG. 33 is a perspective view of an optical element assembly obtained by a conventional manufacturing method.
- BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG.
- Each optical material plate of the analyzer material plate 7 capable of cutting out a plurality of analyzers 70 is prepared.
- the polarizer material plate 5 and the analyzer material plate 7 a rutile single crystal plate formed on both surfaces of the antireflection film is used.
- the Faraday rotator material plate 6 a garnet single crystal plate having antireflection JWs formed on both sides is used.
- Each optical material plate is placed on the optical surface 5 a of the polarizer material plate 5 facing the Faraday rotator material plate 6 and on the optical surface 6 a of the Faraday-only material plate 6 facing the polarizer material plate 5.
- a lattice-shaped first groove 8 for separating optical elements and three-dimensional units is formed. Further, the first groove 8 is formed on the optical surface 6 b of the Faraday rotator material plate 6 facing the analyzer material plate 7 and the optical surface 7 a of the analyzer material plate 7 facing the Faraday rotation 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ⁇ material plate 6.
- a second groove 9 having the same pattern as that of FIG.
- the directions of the grooves 8 formed in the polarizer material plate 5 are two directions of 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the C axis of the rutile single crystal, and the directions of the grooves 9 formed in the analyzer material plate 7 are as follows. 45 ° and 135 relative to the C axis of rutile single crystal. And two directions.
- the optical surface 5a facing the Faraday rotator material plate 6 of the polarizer material plate 5, the polarizer material plate 5 of the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and the analyzer material The optical surfaces 6a and 6b facing the plate 7 and the optical surfaces 7a facing the Faraday rotator material plate 6 of the analyzer material plate 7 except for the area to be the aperture 11 for light transmission.
- a metallized film 10 was formed in the area of. At this time, the metallized film 10 was formed by RF magnetron sputtering, the metal used was TiZNiZAu, and the metallized film 10 was a three-layer film.
- FIG. 2 shows the metallized film 10 formed on the polarizer material plate 5, but the same applies to the metallized film 10 formed on the Faraday rotator material plate 6 and the analyzer material plate 7. .
- the polarization direction of the analyzer material plate 7 is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizer material plate 5.
- the first groove 8 and the second groove 9 may be aligned
- the optical material plates 5, 6, and 7 are stacked
- the rods 8 and 9 are rod-shaped.
- the solder material 12 is inserted, melted and solidified by a heat treatment furnace, and as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the metallized film 10 formed on each of the optical surfaces 5a, 6a, 6b, 7a is formed.
- the optical material plates 5, 6, and 7 were soldered to each other at the portion.
- the solder material 12 used at this time is Au-Sn (Au: 50 atm%; 18 te).
- the grooves 8 and 9 are formed in the polarizer material plate 5 and the analyzer material plate 7 in the above-described directions, so that the light enters from the analyzer side, which has been conventionally performed.
- the minimum necessary solder was formed over a wide range of each optical material plate in the soldering process.
- a force is required to flow into all of the metallized films.
- the solder material 12 placed in the groove 8 of the optical materials 5 and 6 is heated in a heat treatment furnace to be in a liquid state
- the molten solder material 12 spreads to every corner of the optical material plate by the groove 8, and between the groove 8 and the facing metallized film 10 by capillary action.
- the soldering force is applied to the metallized film 10 by cooling the mixture into the solder necessary for solder bonding.
- the solder does not enter the portion through which light passes, thereby increasing the entrance aperture.
- the molten solder 12 flows only between the metallized films 10 so that the molten solder 12 does not enter the aperture 11 portion.
- the optical material plates 5, 6, 7 soldered along the grooves 8, 9 are cut, and each soldered optical material is cut.
- FIG. 4 (b) a plurality of optical element assemblies 2 are separated from the material plates 5, 6, and 7.
- the optical isolator 1 shown in FIG. 7 was obtained by soldering the end holders 40, 41, the permanent magnet 3, and the external holder 42 to the optical element assembly 2 obtained as described above.
- the solder material used at this time was Au—Sn (Au: 80 atm%; 52 t) having a lower melting point than the solder material 12 for soldering the optical material plate.
- the formation of a metallized film in each optical element and the solder bonding of each photon can be processed in a large amount, and the steps can be largely omitted, so that the cost can be reduced.
- the cross-sectional shape of the groove is rectangular in the present embodiment, it is sufficient that a solder material can be inserted and an extra solder material can be held at the time of solder bonding, and a polygon such as a triangle, a trapezoid, or a semicircle can be used. It may be elliptical.
- the force of arranging the grooves 8 and 9 in a lattice shape is not limited to this. Even if the grooves 8 (9) are juxtaposed along one direction as in a modification shown in FIG. good.
- the formation of the antireflection film may be performed before or after the formation of the groove.
- the optical element assembly obtained by the present embodiment is a force for a so-called one-stage optical isolator composed of three optical elements of a polarizer, a Faraday rotator, and an analyzer. It is also applicable to the so-called two-stage optical isolator optical element assembly consisting of six optical elements by connecting two optical isolator elements, and the so-called optical element assembly consisting of five optical elements of an intermediate configuration. 1.5 5 Applicable to optical elements for optical isolators.
- This embodiment is the same as the first embodiment, except for the shape and material of the metallized film formed in the metallized film forming step, and the cut position of the optical material plate in the cutting step.
- FIG. 9 shows three optical material plates each for one optical element.
- the metallized film 10 formed in the metallized film forming step is not only formed on the optical surface but also on the wall surfaces 80 and 90 constituting the grooves 8 and 9. Also Is formed.
- This metallized film 10 has a 0.35 m thick Cr film as a base film, a 0.35 m thick Ni film as an intermediate film, and a 0.15 m thick Au film as a bonding film. A three-layer film was formed.
- optical material plates 5, 6, and 7 were soldered with the first solder material (Au—Sn: melting point 280) 12.
- the center of the grooves 8, 9 is formed so that the portions having the formed wall surfaces 80, 90 remain as step portions 51, 61, 71 on the side surfaces of the optical elements 50, 60, 70, respectively. Then, the optical material plates 5, 6, and 7 joined by soldering were cut to obtain a plurality of optical element bodies 2.
- a cylindrical, straight three-dimensional hole 30 force ⁇ is formed in the center axis direction, and a relief groove 31 force ⁇ is formed at the four corners of the hole 30, and N is further formed on the surface.
- the optical element body 2 is inserted into the permanent magnet 3 provided with 32, and the optical element body 2 is placed on the side surface thereof with the second solder material (Pb—Sn: 175) 13.
- the optical isolator 1 was manufactured by soldering to the permanent magnet 3 via the exposed metallized film 10.
- the solder joint of the optical element assembly is not exposed on the side surface of the optical element assembly. Therefore, it is not possible to solder the optical element and the permanent magnet using this part.
- the optical element assembly obtained by this embodiment there are steps 51, 61, 71 on the side of the optical element, and the metallized film 10 is formed on these steps 51, 61, 71. Therefore, in the soldering process, as shown in FIG. 11, the first solder material 12 also flows on the metallized film 10 of the steps 51, 61, 71. Therefore, the first solder material 12 can be exposed on the side surface of the joined optical element assembly 2, and the optical element body 2 is soldered to the permanent magnet 3 by the second solder material 13 at this portion. Can be joined.
- a step is formed in each optical element, the metallized film is exposed on the side surface of the optical element, and the first solder material attached to the metallized film on this side surface has
- the optical element assembly can be soldered to the permanent magnet by the second solder material.
- an optical isolator can be manufactured without using an end holder and an external holder.
- the material of the metallized film and the material of the solder material are not limited to those used in the present embodiment.
- the optical axis of the incident light is inclined with respect to the direction perpendicular to the optical surface in order to obtain more excellent characteristics.
- This embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment.
- a polarizer material plate 5 having a predetermined thickness and a length and width equal to a size that can be cut out by a plurality of polarizers 50, and a length and a width by a size that can be cut out by a plurality of Faraday rotators 60.
- a Faraday rotator material plate 6 having a predetermined thickness equal to the polarizer material plate 5, and a plurality of analyzers 70 of a size that can be cut out.
- a metallized film 10 is formed on one surface of the polarizer material plate 5, both surfaces of the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and one surface of the analyzer material plate 7.
- grooves 8 and 9 are formed in a grid pattern on the surface of the polarizer material plate 5, the Faraday single rotator material plate 6, and the analyzer material plate 7 on which the metallized film 10 is formed.
- the Faraday rotator material plate 6 is sandwiched between the surface of the polarizer material plate 5 where the metallized film 10 is formed and the surface of the analyzer material plate 7 where the metallized film 10 is formed. Combine.
- the grooves 8 and 9 are formed so as to face each other when the optical material plates are overlapped with the ends of the optical material plates aligned.
- the polarizer material plate 5 and the Faraday rotator material plate are shifted so that the positions of the grooves 8, 9 and the positions of the apertures 11 are shifted from each other.
- the end of the analyzer material plate 7 is positioned on a straight line that intersects a line perpendicular to the optical surface of each optical material plate at an angle of 0.
- solder material 12 is inserted into grooves 8 and 9.
- solder material 12 After the inserted solder material 12 is heated in a heat treatment furnace to be in a liquid state, it is necessary for the soldering by capillary action between the opposed metallized films 10 as shown in FIG. 13 (b). After soldering, soldering is performed by cooling. At this time, since the extra solder material 12 remains in the grooves 8 and 9, the solder material 1 There is no force that increases the insertion loss.
- the portion including the noise film 10 is cut out as an optical element and a solid 2 for one optical isolator.
- optical element 1 shown in FIG. 14 was constructed using the optical element body 2 obtained in the present embodiment.
- the optical isolator 1 includes an optical element mi: body 2, a permanent magnet 3, end holders 40 and 41, and an outer holder 43.
- each of the optical elements 50, 60, and 70 of the optical element assembly 2 obtained according to the present embodiment is a hexahedron having a parallelogram cross-sectional shape.
- the element body 2 is disposed in the permanent magnet 3 and is soldered to the metal-plated inner wall of the permanent magnet 3.
- This optical isolator 1 is different from a conventional optical isolator shown in FIG.
- the optical element assembly obtained by the present embodiment can be reduced in size. Further, since the holder 43 for tilting installation as in the conventional case can be omitted, the size and cost can be reduced as compared with the conventional product.
- a Faraday single material plate 6 having a predetermined thickness equal to the plate 5 and an analyzer material plate 7 having a predetermined thickness equal to the length and width of the polarizer material plate 5 are prepared.
- a metallized film 10 is formed on one surface of the polarizer material plate 5, both surfaces of the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and one surface of the analyzer material plate 7. Then, polarizer material plate 5, Grooves 8 and 9 are formed in a grid on the surface of the Radator rotator material plate 6 and the analyzer material plate 7 where the metallized film 10 is formed, and a polarizer is formed in the same manner as shown in FIG. The Faraday rotator material plate 6 is sandwiched between the surface of the material plate 5 where the metallized film 10 is formed and the surface of the analyzer material plate 7 where the metallized film 10 is formed.
- the grooves 8, 9 of the light source plates 5, 6, 7 are formed by aligning the ends of the respective optical material plates 5, 6, 7 with each other. It intersects a straight line perpendicular to the optical surface of the plate at an angle ⁇ . With this configuration, the optical axis passing through the same portion of the aperture of each optical material plate intersects the straight line orthogonal to the optical surface of each optical material plate at an angle ⁇ .
- solder material 12 After superimposing the optical material plates 5, 6, and 7, insert the solder material 12 into the grooves 8 and 9. After the inserted solder material 12 is heated to a liquid state in the heat treatment furnace, it is necessary for solder bonding by capillary action between the opposing metallized films 10 as shown in Fig. 15 (b). A small amount of water enters and then cools to perform solder bonding. Next, as indicated by ⁇ in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing steps of a method for manufacturing an optical element assembly according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is similar to the third embodiment.
- the force of forming the grooves 8 and 9 after forming the metallized film 10 is reversed in the present embodiment. That is, in the present embodiment, first, grooves 8 and 9 are formed on one surface of the polarizer material plate 5, both surfaces of the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and one surface of the analyzer material plate 7.
- the grooves 8 and 9 are formed so as to face each other when the optical material plates are overlapped with the ends of the optical material plates aligned.
- a frame is formed on one side of the polarizer material plate 5, both sides of the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and one side of the analyzer material plate 7.
- a lithography film 10 is formed.
- a plurality of optical element bodies 2 can be manufactured at one time.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing steps of a method for manufacturing an optical element assembly according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment is similar to the fourth embodiment.
- the force in which the grooves 8, 9 are formed after the formation of the metallized film 10 is reversed in the present embodiment. That is, in the present embodiment, first, grooves 8 and 9 are formed on one surface of the polarizer material plate 5, both surfaces of the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and one surface of the analyzer material plate 7.
- the grooves 8 and 9 are angled at a straight line perpendicular to the optical surface of each optical material plate when the ends of the optical material plates 5, 6, 7 are aligned. It is formed so as to line up on a straight line intersecting with ⁇ .
- a metallized film 10 is formed on one surface of the polarizer material plate 5, both surfaces of the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and one surface of the analyzer material plate 7.
- a plurality of optical element bodies 2 can be manufactured at a time.
- the solder material 12 is inserted into the grooves 8 and 9 and joined by soldering.
- a vapor deposition method, a sputtering method or an ion plating method is formed on the metallized film 10. It is also possible to form a thin film made of a solder material by the method described above and to perform solder joining, and the method of installing the solder material is not limited to the third and fourth embodiments.
- the direction in which the grooves 8 and 9 are shifted may be any of the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in FIG. Direction.
- the polarizer material plate 5 and the analyzer material plate 7 are optical material plates made of rutile single crystal. Further, as the Faraday rotator material plate 6, an optical material plate made of a garnet single crystal was used. Each of the polarizer material plate 5, the Faraday single rotator material plate 6, and the analyzer material plate 7 had a vertical and horizontal size of 11 mm ⁇ 11 mm. The thickness of the polarizer material plate 5 and the analyzer material plate 7 was 0.4 mm, and the thickness of the Faraday rotator 6 was 0.485 mm. Also, each optical material The angle 0 between a straight line perpendicular to the optical surface of the plate and a straight line intersecting this straight line was set to 4 degrees.
- FIGS. 18 to 20 The seventh embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 18 to 20.
- plate-shaped optical material plates made of rutile single crystal having a plate surface of 11 mm XI and 1 mm were used as a polarizer material plate 5 and an analyzer material plate 7, and 1 1 A plate-like garnet having the same area of mm ⁇ 11 mm was used as a Faraday crystal material plate 6. Grooves 8 and 9 were formed in these optical material plates in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and then a metallized film 10 was formed. Thereafter, as shown in FIGS. 19 (a) and (b), the optical material plates 5, 6, and 7 were joined to each other by the solder material 12.
- the optical material plate soldered is cut at the grooves 8 and 9 by a dicing machine, and an optical isolator having a size of 1.6 mm x 1.6 mm is cut. Twenty-five optical element assemblies 2 were cut out.
- an anti-reflection film formed on the surface of the optical material a thin film of a material having different refractive indexes is usually formed in two to three layers. Among them, S i 0 2 and T i 0 are often used as materials formed on the outermost surface. , And A 1 2 0 3 film. These materials have high surface energies, are very active, and react strongly to dust, such as cutting powder, scale, and wax.
- applying a water-repellent surface modifier to the anti-reflective surface reduces the surface energy, increases the contact angle between the cooling water or wax and the surface modifier, and cools the gap between the optical material plates. It can prevent invasion of water tank. Furthermore, even if cutting chips enter, they do not adhere firmly by the surface modifier and can be removed by simple washing.
- the water-repellent surface modifier it is desirable to use a fluorine-based resin having a highly reactive group at its end to enhance the adhesion to the substrate.
- a fluorine-based resin having a highly reactive group at its end to enhance the adhesion to the substrate.
- the non-end groups to one that most strongly reacted to S i 0 2, T i 0 2, and A 1 0 3 being used as an anti-reflection film, generally, what is valid called coupling agent And silane coupling agents and titanate coupling agents.
- silane-based coupling agents are very preferable as surface modifiers because they chemically react with (-1 OH) groups and (-1 COOH) groups on the oxide surface and are strongly bonded.
- fluoroalkylsilanes those in which the carbon straight-chain functional groups have been substituted with fluorine are called fluoroalkylsilanes, and when applied to an anti-reflective coating, reduce surface energy while firmly bonding to the surface. Therefore, the cutting powder, cooling water, and the wax for fixing the optical material at the time of cutting are prevented from entering the gap, and even the above-mentioned dust that has once entered can be removed by simple washing, which is particularly preferable.
- the effect of these coupling agents is sufficient if the surface to be treated can be coated to a thickness of one molecule, and the effect does not change even if the thickness is further increased. Therefore, the surface of the optical material can be modified by diving the soldered optical material into a solution diluted with a solvent at a concentration of 0.0 l to 5 wt% ⁇ and then heating. .
- Comparative Example an optical element assembly was manufactured by a manufacturing method in which some steps were different from those of the present embodiment (hereinafter, referred to as “Comparative Example”). This comparative example differs from this embodiment only in that cutting was performed without applying perfluoroalkylsilane.
- An optical isolator was formed by fixing the optical element assemblies manufactured according to the embodiment and the comparative example in a magnet, and the insertion loss was compared.
- Histograms of the insertion loss of the optical isolator according to the present embodiment and the comparative example are shown in FIG.
- the transmission loss of the crystal itself is 0.1 Old B per rutile single crystal, and 0.15 dB for a single garnet single crystal. Most of the further loss is due to dust such as sashimi, scale, wax, etc. attached to the optical surface of the optical material plate in the cutting process.
- the optical isolator according to the comparative example has a large loss and varies, whereas the optical isolator according to the present embodiment has almost only the loss of the crystal itself. Yes, almost complete. This indicates that no dust was left in the gap between the elements, and that the effect of the present embodiment was sufficient.
- the water-repellent surface modifier is applied to the surface of the optical material plate to which the solder has been joined, and then cut, whereby the cutting powder, the cooling water, and the optical It is possible to provide a method of manufacturing an optical element body with an improved yield by preventing the material fixing wax from entering the gap and removing the foreign matter that has once entered by simple washing.
- the diving method was used as a method for treating the surface treatment agent.
- the purpose of this embodiment is to treat the surface of the optical material plate surface. It is not limited to the form.
- a fluoroalkyl silane having a primality of 7 was used, but a fluorinated silane having a modified primality can also be synthesized by a production method, and the same effects as those of the embodiment can be obtained. Therefore, the number of straight-chain carbon atoms of the fluoroalkylsilane is not limited to that of the present embodiment.
- This embodiment has the same purpose as the seventh embodiment.
- an optical material plate made of a rutile single crystal (thickness l mm) having a size of 1 lmm ⁇ 11 mm was prepared.
- a polarizer material plate 5 and an analyzer material plate 7 were used, and a garnet of ll mm ⁇ ll mm (0.5 mm in thickness) was used as a Faraday rotator material plate 6.
- the polarizer material plate 5 has a size capable of cutting out a plurality of polarizers 50.
- the Faraday rotator material plate 6 has a size capable of cutting out a plurality of Faraday rotators 60.
- the analyzer material plate 7 is also large enough to cut out a plurality of analyzers 70.
- the optical surface 5a of the polarizer material plate 5 facing the Faraday rotator material plate 6 and the optical surface 6a of the Faraday rotator material plate 6 facing the polarizer material plate 5 are vertically and horizontally, respectively.
- a first groove 8 having a pitch of 1.6 mm is formed, and further, an optical surface 6b facing the analyzer material plate 7 of the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and a Faraday rotator of the analyzer material plate 7
- a second groove 9 having the same pattern as the first groove 8 was formed on the optical surface 7 a facing the material plate 6.
- the second groove 9 is opposed to the first groove 8 when the polarization direction of the analyzer material plate 7 is substantially 45 ° inclined with respect to the polarization direction of the polarizer material plate 5. It consists of With the first and second grooves 8 and 9, 25 sets of 1.6 mm square optical element assemblies 2 were obtained.
- a metallized film 10 is formed on each optical surface of the optical surfaces 6a and 6b facing the analyzer material plate 7 and the optical surface 7a facing the Faraday time fe ⁇ material plate 6 of the analyzer material plate 7. Formed.
- the metallized film 10 is formed so as not to cover the area to be the aperture 11 of each optical surface.
- the range of the aperture 11 is defined on each optical surface.
- the metallized film 10 is formed so as to completely surround a region to be the aperture 11.
- a solder layer 12 2 ′ is formed between opposing metallized films 10 in a later-described soldering step, and the metallized film 10 and the solder layer 10 are formed. Due to 2 ′, the gap 13 generated in the aperture 11 is completely closed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 31, there is no opening force that leads to the gap 13 generated in the portion of the aperture 11, and the foreign matter 16 enters the gap 13 in the cutting process described later. There is no.
- the metallized film 10 is formed by sputtering.
- a metal mask 140 shown in FIG. 24 was used.
- the metal mask 140 supports a disk-shaped mask portion 141 that covers an area to be the aperture 111, and a bar-shaped bridge portion 142 that connects the mask portions 141 to each other.
- 0 — A space 144 is formed between the mask part 141 and the bridge part 142, of course.
- the side of the optical material plate 14 2 a of the bridge portion 14 2 is lower in FIG. 24 than the side of the optical material plate 14 1 a of the mask portion 14 1 in FIG. When 1 covers the area to be the aperture 1 1 1, the bridge 1 4 2 is away from the optical surface.
- the diameter of the mask portion 141 of the metal mask 140 is 0.145 mm, and the width of the bridge portion 142 is 0.2 mm.
- the thickness of the mask part 141 and the frame part 144 is 0.2 mm, and the thickness of the bridge part 142 is 0.1 mm.
- solder materials 12 are arranged in the first and second grooves 8 and 9, respectively, and the direction of polarization of the polarizer material plate 5 is set.
- the polarizer material plate 5, the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and the analyzer material plate 7 are stacked so that the polarization direction of the analyzer material plate 7 is substantially tilted by 45 °.
- These optical material plates are placed in a heat treatment furnace (not shown) to heat the solder material 12.
- the solder material 12 which has been heated to a liquid state flows between the metallized films 10 facing each other due to the capillary phenomenon.
- solder material 1 2 is solidified to form a solder layer 1 2 ′, and the polarizer material plate 5, the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and the analyzer material plate 7 are metallized by the solder layer 1 2 ′.
- a second groove 9 is also formed on the surface of the analyzer material plate 7 facing the Faraday rotator material plate 6, and the second groove is formed on the polarizer material plate 5.
- the first groove 8 and the second groove 8 are formed so as to face the first groove 8 when the polarization direction of the analyzer material plate 7 is substantially 45 ° inclined with respect to the polarization direction.
- the polarization direction of the analyzer material plate 7 becomes It is configured to be substantially 45 ° inclined with respect to the polarization direction.
- the area to be the aperture 11 of the optical material plates 5, 6, 7 is described. Since the metallized film 10 is formed on the optical surfaces of the optical material plates 5, 6, and 7 so as to completely surround the area, when the optical material plates 5, 6, and 7 joined by solder are viewed from the side, the aperture is The entire area around 11 is shielded by the metallized film 10 and the solder layer 12 '. For this reason, there is no opening force that leads to the gap formed in the aperture 11 portion, and therefore, when cutting the optical material plates 5, 6, 7 joined by soldering, cutting powder, cooling water, fixing No foreign matter, such as wax, enters the gap formed in the aperture 11 portion.
- antireflection formed on the surface of the optical material plates 5, 6, 7 is provided by an aperture 11 in order to increase the adhesive force between the optical material plates 5, 6, 7 and improve reliability.
- the metallized film 10 is formed by sputtering after the region other than the region to be formed is sputter-etched. If a photoresist film is used as a mask for a region to be the aperture 11 at the time of this sputtering etching, the photoresist film cannot withstand sputter etching. Therefore, a metal mask must be used in this sputter etching.
- This metal mask is also used when forming a metallized film by sputtering.However, using this conventional metal mask, the shape of the metallized film should be such that it completely surrounds the region that should become an aperture. I can't. The reason is that the metal mask must be strong enough to support the mask portion that covers the aperture, and no metallized film is formed on the portion of the optical material plate that is in contact with this bridge. is there. In this regard, the inventor has found a solution as a result of earnest research. In other words, the mask portion force of the metal mask that covers the aperture is less than the bridge portion by configuring the metal mask so that the bridge portion is separated from the optical surface when in contact with the optical surface of the optical material plate. A metallized film was also formed on the optical surface. In this way, if the bridge is slightly separated from the optical surface, the particles coming from the plating material will go under the bridge to form the optical surface immediately below the bridge. But also adheres to it.
- an optical element assembly was manufactured by a manufacturing method in which some steps were different from those of the present embodiment (hereinafter, referred to as “Comparative Example”).
- the metal mask used in the metallized film forming step is different between the present embodiment and the comparative example.
- the metal mask used is that shown in FIG. 27, in which metallized films are formed at four corners of an optical surface (not shown) partitioned in the forward direction.
- the unhatched portion of the metal mask 150 is a hole 151 for forming a metallized film on the optical surface, and the hatched portion surrounded by the hole 151 is
- the c- hole 151 which is the mask portion 152 that covers the area to be an aperture, is a square, and its diagonal length is 1.5 mm.
- the metallized film 10 formed by using this metal mask is as shown in FIG.
- optical element assemblies produced by the present embodiment and the comparative example were each fixed in a magnet, and the insertion loss was compared.
- optical isolator according to the present embodiment An optical isolator using the optical element assembly obtained by the present embodiment (hereinafter, referred to as “optical isolator according to the present embodiment”), and an optical isolator using the optical element obtained by the comparative example (hereinafter, “ The histogram of the insertion loss of the “optical isolator according to the comparative example” is shown in FIG.
- the transmission loss of the crystal itself is 0.1 Old B per rutile single crystal, and 0.15 dB for one garnet single crystal, so 0.17 dB for three crystals Most of the further losses are caused by foreign substances such as cutting powder, scale, and wax.
- the optical isolator according to the comparative example has a large loss and varies, whereas the optical isolator according to the present embodiment has almost only the loss of the crystal itself. They are complete.
- the feature of the present embodiment is that the metallized film is formed so as to completely surround the region to be an aperture.
- the metallized film forming step is limited to the metallized film forming step by sputtering as in the present embodiment.
- Other methods of forming a metallization film include, for example, a photo-etching method in which a photoresist pattern is formed on a metallized film formed on the entire optical surface, and an unnecessary portion of the metallized film is removed by etching.
- a photoresist may be formed on a portion that does not need to be formed, a metallized film may be formed on the entire optical surface, and the lift-off method may be used to remove the resist film and the metallized film formed thereon.
- the metal mask used in the metallized film forming step of the present embodiment is merely an example, and the metal mask used in the present invention only needs to have a bridge portion separated from the optical surface during sputtering. It is not limited to the shape of the metal mask used in the embodiment. Further, the shape of the aperture may be a polygon or a circle other than a circle, and the shape of the aperture is not limited to that of the present embodiment. Industrial applicability
- the present invention is excellent as a method for manufacturing an optical element assembly of an optical isolator used in an optical communication system using a semiconductor laser as a light source, an optical device using a semiconductor laser, and the like.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN95192601A CN1146245A (zh) | 1994-12-27 | 1995-12-27 | 光隔离器用光学元件组件的制造方法 |
| DE69503039T DE69503039T2 (de) | 1994-12-27 | 1995-12-27 | Verfahren zur herstellung einer optischen anordnung für optischen isolator |
| KR1019960704694A KR100286956B1 (ko) | 1994-12-27 | 1995-12-27 | 광 아이솔레이터용 광학 소자 조립체 및 그 제조방법 |
| EP95942297A EP0747747B1 (en) | 1994-12-27 | 1995-12-27 | Production method of optical device assembly for optical isolator |
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6/338571 | 1994-12-27 | ||
| JP33857194A JP3439279B2 (ja) | 1994-12-27 | 1994-12-27 | 光アイソレータの製造方法 |
| JP7/94451 | 1995-03-27 | ||
| JP09445195A JP3556010B2 (ja) | 1995-03-27 | 1995-03-27 | 光アイソレータ |
| JP17922495A JPH0933859A (ja) | 1995-07-14 | 1995-07-14 | 光アイソレータおよびその光学素子の製造方法 |
| JP7/179224 | 1995-07-14 | ||
| JP7/269388 | 1995-09-21 | ||
| JP26938895A JP3582913B2 (ja) | 1995-09-21 | 1995-09-21 | 光アイソレータの製造方法 |
| JP7/337260 | 1995-12-25 | ||
| JP33726095A JPH09179068A (ja) | 1995-12-25 | 1995-12-25 | 光アイソレータ用光学素子組立体の製造方法 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996020423A1 true WO1996020423A1 (fr) | 1996-07-04 |
Family
ID=27525700
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1995/002740 Ceased WO1996020423A1 (fr) | 1994-12-27 | 1995-12-27 | Ensemble de dispositifs optiques pour isolateur optique et son procede de fabrication |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0747747B1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100286956B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1146245A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2184054A1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69503039T2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1996020423A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5808793A (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 1998-09-15 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Low-cost compact optical isolators |
| KR101603135B1 (ko) * | 2011-02-10 | 2016-03-14 | 휴렛-팩커드 디벨롭먼트 컴퍼니, 엘.피. | 격자 기반 편광자 및 광학 아이솔레이터 |
| CN102707461B (zh) * | 2012-05-31 | 2015-03-04 | 福建华科光电有限公司 | 偏振无关光学隔离器的制造方法、光学件键合工艺和溶液 |
| CN105974615A (zh) * | 2016-07-11 | 2016-09-28 | 武汉优信光通信设备有限责任公司 | 光路无胶自由空间隔离器的制造方法 |
| CN108015412A (zh) * | 2016-11-01 | 2018-05-11 | 福州高意光学有限公司 | 一种光学元件与基片的粘接方法 |
| EP3874305B1 (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2023-09-20 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Polymer eyepiece assemblies for augmented and mixed reality systems |
| CN117680802B (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-05-10 | 贵州永红航空机械有限责任公司 | 钛合金微通道换热器制备方法 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03179317A (ja) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-08-05 | Namiki Precision Jewel Co Ltd | 光アイソレータ用ファラデー回転子及びそのメタライズ法 |
| JPH04333818A (ja) * | 1991-05-10 | 1992-11-20 | Nec Corp | 光アイソレータの製造方法 |
| JPH04338916A (ja) * | 1990-08-06 | 1992-11-26 | Kyocera Corp | 光アイソレータ用素子及び該光アイソレータ用素子を用いた光アイソレータ,半導体レーザモジュール |
| JPH0634861A (ja) * | 1992-07-20 | 1994-02-10 | Tokin Corp | 光アイソレータ用光学素子の接着方法 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3439275B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-25 | 2003-08-25 | エヌイーシートーキン株式会社 | 光アイソレータの製造方法 |
-
1995
- 1995-12-27 CN CN95192601A patent/CN1146245A/zh active Pending
- 1995-12-27 DE DE69503039T patent/DE69503039T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-27 KR KR1019960704694A patent/KR100286956B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-12-27 CA CA002184054A patent/CA2184054A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-27 EP EP95942297A patent/EP0747747B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-12-27 WO PCT/JP1995/002740 patent/WO1996020423A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH03179317A (ja) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-08-05 | Namiki Precision Jewel Co Ltd | 光アイソレータ用ファラデー回転子及びそのメタライズ法 |
| JPH04338916A (ja) * | 1990-08-06 | 1992-11-26 | Kyocera Corp | 光アイソレータ用素子及び該光アイソレータ用素子を用いた光アイソレータ,半導体レーザモジュール |
| JPH04333818A (ja) * | 1991-05-10 | 1992-11-20 | Nec Corp | 光アイソレータの製造方法 |
| JPH0634861A (ja) * | 1992-07-20 | 1994-02-10 | Tokin Corp | 光アイソレータ用光学素子の接着方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP0747747A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100286956B1 (ko) | 2001-04-16 |
| EP0747747A4 (ja) | 1996-12-18 |
| EP0747747B1 (en) | 1998-06-17 |
| CA2184054A1 (en) | 1996-07-04 |
| DE69503039D1 (de) | 1998-07-23 |
| EP0747747A1 (en) | 1996-12-11 |
| DE69503039T2 (de) | 1998-11-19 |
| CN1146245A (zh) | 1997-03-26 |
| KR970701364A (ko) | 1997-03-17 |
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