WO2001043215A1 - Pile a combustible - Google Patents
Pile a combustible Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001043215A1 WO2001043215A1 PCT/JP2000/008594 JP0008594W WO0143215A1 WO 2001043215 A1 WO2001043215 A1 WO 2001043215A1 JP 0008594 W JP0008594 W JP 0008594W WO 0143215 A1 WO0143215 A1 WO 0143215A1
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- fuel cell
- electrode
- organic polymer
- conductive
- conductive organic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9008—Organic or organo-metallic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
- C08G73/0266—Polyanilines or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/02—Polyamines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
- C08L61/14—Modified phenol-aldehyde condensates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell having a high output in which at least one of a power source and an anode has a conductive organic polymer having a redox function as an electrode catalyst.
- an anode and a force sword have been arranged with a solid polymer electrolyte in between to form a solid electrolyte electrode structure, and this has been sandwiched between separators to form a unit cell.
- a fuel cell connected in series has been developed. This fuel cell has been attracting attention as a power source for electric vehicles and a distributed power source for homes, etc. due to its characteristics of cleanness and high efficiency.
- the basic configuration of a fuel cell is that a pair of electrodes, an anode having an electrode catalyst and a cathode, is disposed on both sides of a proton conductive ion exchange membrane. Oxidizing agent (oxygen) is brought into contact with the surface of the force sword, causing an electrochemical reaction.
- the electric energy is supplied between the pair of electrodes.
- a fluororesin-based ion exchange membrane has been conventionally well known as having excellent basic characteristics, and platinum is used as an electrode catalyst as an anode and a power source. Supported carbon sheets and the like are widely known.
- a conductive organic polymer having a dopant typified by polyacetylene-polyvirol, polyayulin, etc., and having a redox function (redox ability) is used as an electrode active material in a lithium secondary battery or the like. Attention (Patent No. 18455557), and its use as a conductive polymer capacitor having a rapid discharge function has been proposed. (Proceedings of the 39th Battery Symposium, p. 173 ( 1989), Proceedings of the 67th Annual Meeting of the Electrochemical Society of Japan, pp. 147 (2000).
- conductive organic polymer such as described above, currently, compared practically used in which the electrode active material in which lithium cobaltate (L i C o O z) and lithium yo una inorganic oxide or a metal material Low energy density. Therefore, in order to compensate for the low energy density of such a conductive organic polymer, a conductive organic polymer is used as an electrode catalyst, and an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent is dissolved in an electrolytic solution in contact with the conductive organic polymer. Thus, an attempt to use a battery like a fuel cell has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 59-69067 and 61-124700).
- the conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cell uses platinum as an electrode catalyst, so it is costly, and is practically used for elution of acidic liquids and poisoning of carbon monoxide at the anode.
- no practical electrode catalyst other than platinum has been found yet.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in the conventional fuel cell, and has as its object to provide a fuel cell having a high output and a high voltage using a conductive organic polymer as an electrode catalyst. Aim. Disclosure of the invention
- At least one electrode is provided in a fuel cell in which a power source and an anode are disposed with an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween, an oxidizing agent is supplied to the cathode by gas, and a reducing agent is supplied to the anode by gas.
- conductive organic with redox function there is provided a fuel cell characterized by having a polymer as an electrode catalyst.
- a power source and an anode are disposed with an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween, and an oxidizing agent is supplied as a gas to the power source and a reducing agent is supplied as a gas to the anode.
- a fuel cell is provided, wherein at least one electrode has a mixture of a conductive organic polymer having an oxidation-reduction function and an inorganic oxidation-reduction catalyst as an electrode catalyst.
- At least one of the electrode and the anode has a redox function (redox ability), and preferably has a conductive organic polymer having a dopant as an electrode catalyst.
- Examples of such conductive organic polymers include, for example, boriaacetylene, poly-P-phenylene, polyazirin, polyvirol, borichiofen, polyindole, poly-1,5-diaminoanthraquinone, Examples thereof include poly (0-phenylenediamine), poly (quinolinium) salt, poly (isoquinolinium) salt, polypyridine, polyquinoxalin, polyphenylquinoxalin, and the like. These conductive organic polymers may have various substituents.
- substituents include an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a halogen group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkylsulfonic acid group, a dialkylamino group, and the like. Can be mentioned. These substituents are useful for adjusting the oxidation-reduction potential of the conductive organic polymer.
- the dopant is preferably one having a sulfonic acid group.
- an ionizable polymer sulfonic acid such as polyvinyl sulfonic acid-phenol sulfonic acid novolak resin and the like, and a low-molecular-weight agent such as dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid can be used.
- organic sulfonic acid compounds having a molecular weight.
- a self-doping type conductive organic polymer such as sulfonated polyaniline having a sulfonic acid group in the molecule is preferred. Merging is also assumed to be a conductive organic polymer having a dopant.
- the conductive organic polymer among those described above, those which release protons in an oxidation reaction and consume protons in a reduction reaction are particularly preferable.
- Nitrogen atoms in the molecule such as polyaniline, polyalkylamine, polyindole, poly (0-phenylenediamine), polyviridine, polyquinoxaline, polyphenylquinoxaline, etc. And a conductive organic polymer having the same.
- the same conductive organic polymer may be used as an electrode catalyst in both the force source and the anode, or different conductive organic polymers may be used as the electrode catalyst.
- a P-type conductive organic polymer for the force source and use an n-type conductive organic polymer for the anode.
- the P-type ones are polyaniline, polyalkylaniline and polyindole, and the n-type ones are poly (0-phenylenediamine).
- Polypyridine Vorynoxaline and bolifenylquinoxaline.
- Electrodes can be attached to these two locations, and the polarity of the potential of the low-temperature electrode when a temperature difference is applied to these electrodes can be checked. That is, when a positive potential appears at the low-temperature side electrode, the conductive organic polymer is P-type. Conversely, when a negative potential appears at the low-temperature side electrode, the conductive organic polymer becomes conductive.
- the union is of type n.
- a cyclic voltammogram of the conductive organic polymer is measured, and when the conductive organic polymer has a redox pair in a positive potential region with respect to SCE, the conductive organic polymer is a P-type. When there is a redox couple in the negative potential region, its conductivity The organic polymer is n-type.
- only one electrode may have a conductive organic polymer as an electrode catalyst, and the other electrode may use a conventional platinum catalyst.
- a mixture of a conductive organic polymer and an inorganic oxidation-reduction catalyst may be provided as an electrode catalyst in at least one of the power source and the anode.
- the amount used is not particularly limited, but is usually in the range of 0.5 to 100 mg / cm 2 per electrode area. is there.
- the conductive organic polymer as described above can be obtained by a known method. A description will be given by taking a conductive polyaniline having a polymer sulfonic acid as a dopant as an example.
- a conductive polymer doped with the above-mentioned protonic acid is obtained by chemically oxidizing and polymerizing aniline with an oxidizing agent in the presence of the protonic acid.
- Ninline (conductive polyalineline composition) powder can be obtained, which is dedoped in an appropriate alkaline aqueous solution, for example, ammonia water, and the obtained powder is filtered and dried to obtain a dedoped state.
- an appropriate alkaline aqueous solution for example, ammonia water
- aniline is reacted with an oxidizing agent such as ammonium peroxodisulfate in an appropriate solvent, for example, water or methanol in the presence of an appropriate protonic acid, for example, hydrochloric acid, and is precipitated.
- an oxidizing agent such as ammonium peroxodisulfate in an appropriate solvent, for example, water or methanol
- an appropriate protonic acid for example, hydrochloric acid
- this powder is added to, for example, an aqueous solution of an alkaline substance such as ammonia to neutralize (ie, undope) the conductive polyaniline composition to obtain a compound represented by the general formula (I):
- the undoped poly (vinylaniline) thus obtained has a high molecular weight and is soluble in various organic solvents.
- the solubility of undoped polyaniline in such an organic solvent depends on the average molecular weight and the solvent, but usually 0.5 to 100% of polyaurine is dissolved, and 1 to 3 A solution with a concentration of 0% by weight can be obtained.
- the polyaniline in the undoped state has high solubility in N-methyl-12-pyrrolidone, and usually 20 to 100% of the polyaniline is dissolved, and A 30% by weight solution can be obtained.
- the values of m and n can be adjusted by oxidizing or reducing polyaniline. That is, by reducing, m can be reduced and n can be increased. Conversely, oxidation can increase m and decrease n.
- polyaniline reduces the number of quinondimine structural units in polyaniline
- solubility of lialine in organic solvents is increased.
- the viscosity of the solution is lower than before the reduction.
- phenylhydrazine is most preferably used because of its ability to dissolve in N-methyl-12-pyrrolidone and not to reduce N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. It is required.
- the oxidizing agent used for the oxidation of the solvent-soluble polyaniline is not particularly limited as long as it can oxidize the phenylenediamine structural unit. It is preferably used. If necessary, potassium permanganate lithium bichromate lithium etc. may be used.
- the above-mentioned oxidized and undoped polyaniline powder is put into an aqueous solution of a polymer sulfonic acid which has been converted to an acid form with a strongly acidic cation exchange resin, and heated for several hours, so that the polymer sulfonic acid is doped into the polyaniline. Thereafter, the polyaniline powder in the dove state is filtered, washed, and vacuum-dried to obtain a conductive polyaniline powder using polymer sulfonic acid as a doughant.
- the inorganic redox catalyst may be used as a catalytic hydrogenation catalyst, or may be used as an oxygen autocatalyst.
- At least one transition metal selected from platinum, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, nickel, iron, copper, cobalt and molybdenum known as an oxidation catalyst and / or an oxide thereof can be used. .
- Such an inorganic redox catalyst may be mixed with the conductive organic polymer powder as a fine powder as it is, or by dispersing the conductive organic polymer powder in an aqueous solution of the water-soluble salt of the transition metal, After stirring and mixing, a reduction or oxidation treatment may be performed to convert the transition metal salt to a metal or oxide.
- the inorganic redox catalyst When a mixture of a conductive organic polymer and an inorganic redox catalyst is used as an electrode catalyst, the inorganic redox catalyst is usually used in an amount of 100 parts by weight of the conductive organic polymer. It is used in the range of 0.1 to 30 parts by weight.
- the supported amount of the inorganic oxide - reducing catalyst in the electrode area typically, 0.0 0 1 ⁇ 5 m gZc m z Ca in the range of ⁇ favored properly is in the range of 0.0 0 5 ⁇ lm gZc m z, especially , preferably in the range of 0.0 l ⁇ 0.5 m gZc m z.
- the mixture is higher than when only the conductive organic polymer is used as the electrode catalyst.
- a fuel cell with an output can be obtained.
- a force sword using a conductive organic polymer as an electrode catalyst is produced, for example, as follows. That is, a conductive polyaniline powder containing a polymer sulfonic acid as a dopant is mixed with a conductive agent (eg, conductive carbon black powder) as necessary, and then mixed with a binder (eg, vinylidene fluoride). Resin or polytetrafluoroethylene resin) to form a paste. The paste is coated on a conductive porous substrate (eg, carbon paper manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), dried, and then dried. The treated conductive porous base material is coated with a proton exchange resin solution (for example, a perfluorosulfonate resin solution manufactured by DuPont such as Naphion (registered trademark)) and dried to obtain a force source.
- a proton exchange resin solution for example, a perfluorosulfonate resin solution manufactured by DuPont such as Naphion (registered trademark)
- a cathode using a mixture of a conductive organic polymer and an inorganic redox catalyst as an electrode catalyst is produced, for example, as follows. That is, a conductive polyaniline powder containing boron sulfonic acid as a dopant is mixed with an inorganic redox catalyst powder, and if necessary, a conductive agent (for example, conductive carbon black powder) is mixed. Is formed using a solution of a binder (for example, polyvinylidene fluoride resin or polytetrafluoroethylene resin), and the paste is applied onto a conductive porous substrate (for example, carbon paper manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.).
- a binder for example, polyvinylidene fluoride resin or polytetrafluoroethylene resin
- the conductive porous base material thus treated is applied to a proton-exchangeable resin solution (for example, a DuPont-based fluorophore such as Naphion (registered trademark)). (Sulfuric acid resin solution) and dry it to obtain a force sword.
- a proton-exchangeable resin solution for example, a DuPont-based fluorophore such as Naphion (registered trademark)
- SOfuric acid resin solution sulfuric acid resin solution
- the anode can be obtained by reducing the force sword.
- the method of reduction is not particularly limited.
- the above-mentioned force sword may be chemically reduced, but in a preferred example, a cyclic voltammogram is measured in the above-mentioned aqueous polymer sulfonic acid solution using an appropriate reference electrode, and the peak of the reduction peak is measured. It is convenient to electrochemically reduce the force sword at the applied potential.
- An electrolyte membrane that is, a proton exchange membrane
- a proton exchange membrane is sandwiched between the force source and the anode obtained in this manner, and if necessary, integrally molded by a hot press or the like, and the fuel cell electrode is formed. Obtain a single proton exchange membrane assembly.
- a cation exchange membrane made of a perfluorosulfonic acid resin as used in a conventional solid polymer membrane type battery for example, Nafion (registered trademark) is used. It is preferably used, but is not limited to this. Therefore, for example, a porous membrane made of a fluororesin such as polytetrafluoroethylene soaked with the above naphion or other ion conductive material, or a porous membrane made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene is used.
- a film in which the above-mentioned Nafion or another ion conductive material is supported on a membrane or a nonwoven fabric may be used.
- the oxidizing agent is supplied as a gas to the power source, and the reducing agent is supplied to the anode in a pause.
- oxygen gas or air is used as the oxidizing agent
- hydrogen gas is used as the reducing agent.
- methanol, dimethyl ether, or the like can be used as the reducing agent.
- the fuel cell according to the invention is operated at a temperature above 40'C. It is appropriately selected depending on the conductive organic polymer and the electrolyte membrane to be used, but is preferably in the range of 50 to 120C, and particularly preferably in the range of 60 to 100. If the operating temperature is too low, a high output cannot be obtained due to the slow reaction rate of the conductive organic polymer.On the other hand, if the operating temperature is too high, the material used will deteriorate or peel off. There is a risk.
- a 100 L separable flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, and straight pipe adapter was charged with 600 g of distilled water, 360 mL of 36% hydrochloric acid and 400 g of aniline (4.295). Mol) was added in this order to dissolve the aniline.
- 434 g (4.295 mol) of 97% concentrated sulfuric acid was added to 149 g of distilled water in a beaker and mixed to prepare an aqueous sulfuric acid solution. .
- This aqueous sulfuric acid solution was added to the separable flask, and the whole flask was cooled to 14 ° C. in a low-temperature constant temperature bath.
- the colorless and transparent solution turned from green-blue to black-green as the polymerization proceeded, and then a black-green powder was deposited.
- the temperature of the reaction mixture rises when the powder is extruded.
- the temperature in the reaction system must be 0 ° C or lower, preferably — 3 It is important to keep it below 'C.
- the dropping rate of the aqueous solution of ammonium peroxodisulfate may be slightly increased, for example, to about 8 mLZ.
- the obtained powder was separated by filtration, washed with water and acetone, and dried in vacuum at room temperature, to obtain 430 g of a powder of a black-green conductive polyaniline composition. This was press-molded into a disk having a diameter of 13 mm and a thickness of 700 m, and its electric conductivity was measured by the Van der Dau method to find that it was IdSZcm.
- the powder was filtered off with a Buchner funnel and washed repeatedly in distilled water with stirring in a beaker until the filtrate became neutral, followed by washing with acetone until the filtrate became colorless. Thereafter, the powder was vacuum-dried at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain 280 g of black-brown undoped polyyurin (oxidized and undoped polyyurin) powder.
- This polyaniline was soluble in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the solubility was 8 g (7.4%) per 100 g of the same solvent.
- the intrinsic viscosity [7] measured at 30'C using this as a solvent was 1.23 dIg.
- This polyaniline had a solubility of less than 1% in dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylformamide. It was practically insoluble in tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, an 80% aqueous acetic acid solution, a 60% aqueous formic acid solution and acetonitrile. Further, GPC measurement was performed on the polyaniline soluble in the undoped organic solvent using a GPC column for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and as a result, the number average molecular weight was 230,000. The weight average molecular weight was 1,600,000 (both in terms of polystyrene).
- conductive carbon black powder (Ketchiyun Black EC manufactured by Akzo) is added to 2 g of this conductive polyaniline powder, and the mixture is ground in a porcelain mortar and mixed for 10 minutes until uniform. did.
- the potential of the potentiostat was fixed at -0.1 V and electrochemical reduction was performed for 30 minutes.
- the electrode thus obtained was used as an anode.
- An acid-type nafion membrane Naphion (registered trademark) 117 manufactured by DuPont) was placed as a proton exchange membrane between the cathode and the anode fabricated in this manner.
- An electrode-proton exchange membrane assembly was prepared by hot pressing under a pressure of 3 MPa, and a single-layer fuel cell for testing was assembled.
- the fuel cell was assembled into a fuel cell evaluation system (Toyo Technicoriki Co., Ltd.), and the cell temperature was set to 70 ⁇ At the same time, hydrogen gas was supplied to the anode at a rate of 500 m at a humidifier temperature of 8 O'C. Therefore, first, the electromotive force (open circuit voltage) was applied without passing current. Only the measured value was 0.50 V. Next, when a load was applied to the fuel cell, a current of 0.73 A (29 mA / cm 2 ) was obtained at a voltage of 0.4 V. Comparative Example 1
- An anode and a force sword were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the anode and the force sword were incorporated in a two-tank type acrylic resin cell provided at the center with Naphion 117 as a diaphragm.
- the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent in the liquid state were poured into the anode cell and the cathode cell, respectively.
- the reducing agent the stannous (S n C 1 2) 0.4 2 % by weight ⁇ Mu 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid chloride and as the oxidizing agent, ferric chloride (F e C 13) 0.6
- a 1 N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution containing 1% by weight was used.
- Each standard electrode potential of stannous chloride (S n C 1 2) and ferric chloride (F e C 1 3) is, 0. 0 7 V v s. NH E (standard hydrogen electrode) and 0.7 7 V v s. NH E.
- the battery configured in this way corresponds to the battery in Example 1 using a liquid reducing agent and an oxidizing agent instead of the hydrogen gas (reducing agent) and the oxygen gas (oxidizing agent).
- An anode and a force Sword connected to the battery charging and discharging device Hokuto Denko Co. HJ- 2 0 1 B
- I mAZc m 2 constant current discharging at I mAZc m 2
- poly (vinylidene fluoride) resin (Kyna, manufactured by Kureha Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 10.53 g of N, N-dimethylformamide to prepare a 2.5% by weight solution.
- a mixture of a doped polyaniline powder and a conductive carbon black powder was added, and further mixed using a mortar to form a base.
- This paste was applied on a carbon paper of 5.8 cm square (TGP—H-90 film thickness 260 m, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), and heated in a hot air circulation dryer at 80'C for 60 minutes. Heated and dried. Next, five layers on the treated paper % Naphion solution (manufactured by Aldrich) was applied, heated and dried at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes, and the electrode thus obtained was used as a force source.
- TGP—H-90 film thickness 260 m manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.
- the oxidized and undoped polyaniline powder obtained in Reference Example 1 was added to a methanol solution of hydrazine monohydrate, and reduced by stirring for 8 hours.
- the obtained reaction product was separated by filtration from a nutch and a suction bottle, washed with methanol, and then dried in a vacuum drier at 70 ° C. for 5 hours. In this way, a polyaniline powder in a reduced degassed state was obtained.
- naphion solution manufactured by Aldrich
- a 5% by weight naphion solution was applied to the thus-treated Ripbon paper, heated and dried at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes, and thus obtained.
- the resulting electrode was used as the anode.
- An acid-type naphion membrane (Naphion (registered trademark) 117, manufactured by DuPont) is placed as a proton exchange membrane between the force sword thus produced and the anode, and the temperature is set to 130 by using a mold. Then, under the conditions of a pressure of 3 MPa, an electrode-proton exchange membrane was prepared by a hot press to assemble a single-layer fuel cell for testing.
- This fuel cell is incorporated into a fuel cell evaluation system (Toyotechniki Co., Ltd.)
- a cell temperature of 70 ° C oxygen gas was supplied to the power source at a humidifier temperature of 70 ° C at a rate of 500 mLZ, and hydrogen gas was supplied at a humidifier temperature of 800 mL / min.
- To the anode. Therefore, first, only the electromotive force (open circuit voltage) was measured without passing a current, and it was 0.60 V. Next, when a load was applied to the fuel cell, a current of 0.85 A (34 mA / cm z ) was obtained at a voltage of 0.4 V.
- Aqueous funor sulfonic acid novolak resin solution (manufactured by Konishi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., free acid type, solid content 45.9%, weight average molecular weight 2200 (GPC method, sodium polystyrene sulfonic acid standard) 43.6 g
- GPC method sodium polystyrene sulfonic acid standard
- the black-brown oxidized and undoped poly (vinyl chloride) powder turned black-green immediately after being added to the aqueous solution of funorsulfonate novolak resin, and the boraniline became phenol novolak phenolate. It was shown that the resin was doped.
- the polyaurine powder in the powdered state is filtered by suction filtration using a nut, dispersed in methanol, stirred and washed three times, and then filtered. Time, vacuum dried.
- the polyphenylene powder in the dove state obtained in this manner was formed into a disk shape using a tablet press, and the conductivity was measured by the van der Pauw method. The result was 4.1 SZcm. .
- the electrode prepared in the same manner as above was immersed in a 20% by weight aqueous solution of phenol sulfonic acid novolak resin, and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was used as a reference electrode, and a platinum wire having a diameter of 0.5 mm was used as a counter electrode.
- SCE saturated calomel electrode
- a platinum wire having a diameter of 0.5 mm was used as a counter electrode.
- a potentiostat / galvanostat (HA-501) and a function generator (HB-105) manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd. a potential range of 0.2 to 0.6 V vs. SCE A cyclic voltammogram was obtained under the conditions of a sweep speed of 20 mVZ seconds.
- the oxidation peak of polyaniline appeared at 0.5 V vs.
- An acid-type naphion membrane (Naphion (registered trademark) 117, manufactured by DuPont) is placed as a proton exchange membrane between the force sword thus produced and the anode, and the temperature is set to 130 by using a mold. Then, an electrode noproton exchange membrane assembly was prepared under hot pressure under the condition of a pressure of 3 MPa, and a single-layer fuel cell for test was assembled.
- This fuel cell is assembled into a fuel cell evaluation system (Toyo Technicoriki Co., Ltd.), and the cell temperature is set to 7 (TC, humidifier temperature is 7 O'C, and oxygen gas is mixed at a rate of 50 OmLZ). Supply hydrogen to the power sword, and humidifier temperature is 80 m LZ was supplied to the anode. Therefore, first, only the electromotive force (open circuit voltage) was measured without flowing current, and it was 0.69 V. Next, when a load was applied to the fuel cell, a current of 6.33 A (253 mA / cmz ) was obtained at a voltage of 0.4 V. Examples 4 to 12 and Comparative Example 2
- Example 3 instead of carbon having 20% by weight of platinum, carbon having 10% by weight of palladium, carbon having 5% by weight of ruthenium, and 5% by weight of rhodium had been supported.
- anode and the power source in the same manner as in Example 3, except that various transition metals and their oxides were used together with the conductive organic polymer, as shown in Table 1, in addition to Using this electrode, an electrode-proton exchange membrane assembly was prepared, and a single-layer fuel cell for testing was assembled.
- Urushibara Nickel was prepared according to “Organic Synthetic Chemistry” Vol. 32, No. 11, pp. 951 to 958 (1974).
- An acid-type nafion membrane (Naphion (registered trademark) 117, manufactured by DuPont) was placed as a proton exchange membrane between the force sword thus produced and the anode, and the temperature was set to 130 by using a mold. Then, under a pressure of 3 MPa, an electrode-proton exchange membrane assembly was prepared by hot blessing, and a single-layer fuel cell for testing was assembled.
- the fuel cell is assembled in a fuel cell evaluation system (Toyo Technicoriki Co., Ltd.), with a cell temperature of 70, and a humidifier temperature of 70, and oxygen gas at a rate of 50 OmLZ. While supplying to the sword, hydrogen gas was supplied to the anode at a humidifier temperature of 80 at a rate of 500 m. Therefore, first, only the electromotive force (open circuit voltage) was measured without passing current. Next, a load was applied to the fuel cell, and the current value at a voltage of 0.4 V was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 3, a polyaniline powder doped with a phenolsulfonic acid novolak resin, a carbon carrying 20% by weight of platinum (Electrochem, Inc., EC-20-P A mixture of TC), conductive carbon black powder (Ketzin Black EC, manufactured by AXO) and polyvinylidene fluoride was supported on a 5.8 cm square force paper to prepare an electrode. Supported amount of platinum, per electrode area was calculated to be 0. 1 O mgZc m 2. A 5% by weight Nafion solution (manufactured by Aldrich) was applied onto the thus-treated bonbon paper, and heated and dried at 80'C for 15 minutes. The electrode thus obtained was used as a force sword.
- platinum Electrode
- conductive carbon black powder Karlin Black EC, manufactured by AXO
- polyvinylidene fluoride was supported on a 5.8 cm square force paper to prepare an electrode. Supported amount of platinum, per
- the anode was prepared as an n-type conductive polymer, boliviridine, as described in Chemistry Letters, 153-154 (1988), as the conductive polymer, and was prepared as follows using this. That is, 44 mg of carbon carrying 20% by weight of platinum (Electrochem, Inc., EC—20—PTC) and 80 mg of conductive force—bon black powder (Ketjen Black, EC, manufactured by Akzo) are 80 mg. In addition to 40 mg of pyridine, the mixture was mixed for 10 minutes until uniform in a porcelain mortar while being ground. To the mixture thus obtained, 2.1 g of a 2.5% by weight solution of vinylidene fluoride in dimethylformamide was added, and the mixture was further mixed using a mortar to give a paste.
- This paste was applied on a 5.8 cm square Rikibon paper (TPG-H — 90, Toray Co., Ltd., film thickness: 260 // m), heated at 80 ° C and dried for 60 minutes. Thus, an electrode was prepared. A 5% by weight Nafion solution (manufactured by Aldrich) was applied onto the carbon paper thus treated, and heated and dried at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- the electrode thus obtained was immersed in a 20% by weight aqueous solution of phenolsulfonic acid novolak resin, and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was used as a reference electrode, and a 0.5 mm-diameter platinum wire was used as a counter electrode.
- SCE saturated calomel electrode
- a cyclic voltammogram was obtained under the following conditions.
- a reduction beak of polyviridine appeared at 0.2 V vs. SCE, but no oxidation beak was observed in the positive potential region. This indicates that polypyridine is an n-type conductive polymer.
- An acid-type naphthion membrane (Naphion 1117 manufactured by DuPont) is placed as a proton exchange membrane between the force sword thus prepared and the anode, and the mold is used for hot bracelet at a temperature of 130. In this way, an electrode noprotone exchange membrane assembly was prepared, and a single-layer fuel cell for testing was assembled.
- This fuel cell is assembled in a fuel cell evaluation system (manufactured by Toyo Corp.), with a cell temperature of 7 O'C and a humidifier temperature of 7 O'C, and oxygen gas of 50 OmL / min. At the same time, hydrogen gas was supplied to the anode at a rate of 100 mL / min at a humidifier temperature of 80. At first, when only the electromotive force (open circuit voltage) was measured without passing current, it was 0.78 V. Next, when a load was applied to the fuel cell, when the voltage was 0.4 V, a voltage of 7.82 A (313 mA / cm 2 ) was obtained. I got the flow.
- This paste was coated on a carbon paper of 5.8 cm square (TCP-H190, Toray Industries, Inc., film thickness: 260 m), heated at 80 ° C for 60 minutes, and dried.
- the electrode was prepared.
- a 5% by weight Nafion solution (manufactured by Aldrich) was applied onto the carbon paper thus treated, and heated and dried at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes. The electrode thus obtained was used as a force sword.
- the anode was prepared as follows using polyvinylquinoxaline, which is an n-type conductive polymer, as the conductive polymer. That is, P. M.
- This paste was applied on a 5.8 cm square carbon bar (TGP-H-190, film thickness 260 t / m, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), heated at 80 to 60 minutes and dried. Thus, an electrode was prepared. A 5% by weight Nafion solution (manufactured by Aldrich) was applied to the carbon paper treated in this manner, and heated and dried at 80 to 15 minutes.
- the electrode thus obtained is immersed in a 20% by weight aqueous solution of phenol sulfonic acid novolak resin, and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is used as a reference electrode, and a platinum wire having a diameter of 0.5 mm is used as a counter electrode.
- SCE saturated calomel electrode
- Potential range from 0.2 to 0.5 Vvs using a potentiostat / potatostat (HA-501) manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd. and a function generator (HB-105). Cyclic voltammograms were obtained under the conditions of SCE and a sweep speed of 20 mV / sec. A reduction peak of the polyphenylquinoxaline appeared at -0.10 V vs. SCE, but no oxidation peak was observed in the positive potential region. This shows that borifurinylquinoxaline is an n-type conductive polymer.
- a ⁇ -shaped naphthion membrane (Naphion 117 manufactured by DuPont) is placed as a proton exchange membrane between the cathode and the anode prepared in this way, and the mold is heated at a temperature of 13 O'C using a mold.
- a ton-exchange membrane assembly with an electrode knob was prepared, and a single-layer fuel cell for testing was assembled.
- the fuel cell was assembled into a fuel cell evaluation system (manufactured by Toyo Corp.), with a cell temperature of 70, and a humidifier temperature of 70 with oxygen gas at a rate of 500 mL / min. While supplying to the power source, hydrogen gas was supplied to the anode at a humidifier temperature of 80 at a rate of 1000 mLZ. At first, when only the electromotive force (open circuit voltage) was measured without passing current, it was 1.20 V. Next, when a load was applied to the fuel cell, a current of 24.6 A (984 mA / cmz ) was obtained at a voltage of 0.4 V. Industrial applicability
- the fuel cell according to the present invention has a conductive property having a redox function. It has a polymer as an electrode catalyst, supplies an oxidizing agent to the force source as a gas, and supplies a reducing agent to the anode with a gas, so it can exhibit high electromotive force and discharge at a high current density. And thus exhibit high output fuel cell characteristics. Further, by using an inorganic oxidation-reduction catalyst together with a conductive organic polymerization catalyst as an electrode catalyst, a fuel cell with higher output can be obtained.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE60036821T DE60036821T2 (de) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-12-04 | Brennstoffzelle |
| EP00979089A EP1253656B1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-12-04 | Fuel cell |
| US10/149,227 US7468219B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-12-04 | Fuel cell |
| CA2393812A CA2393812C (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-12-04 | Fuel cell |
| US11/892,463 US7537711B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2007-08-23 | Electrically conductive polyaniline composition and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35237899 | 1999-12-10 | ||
| JP11/352378 | 1999-12-10 | ||
| JP2000-323818 | 2000-10-24 | ||
| JP2000323818 | 2000-10-24 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10149227 A-371-Of-International | 2000-12-04 | ||
| US11/892,463 Division US7537711B2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2007-08-23 | Electrically conductive polyaniline composition and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2001043215A1 true WO2001043215A1 (fr) | 2001-06-14 |
Family
ID=26579613
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2000/008594 Ceased WO2001043215A1 (fr) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-12-04 | Pile a combustible |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7468219B2 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP1253656B1 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2393812C (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE60044219D1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2001043215A1 (ja) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003022937A (ja) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-24 | Nitto Denko Corp | 固体電解コンデンサとその製造方法 |
| WO2004019435A3 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-05-13 | Canon Kk | Conductive carbon, electrode catalyst for fuel cell using the same and fuel cell |
| US7455794B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2008-11-25 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Electrically conductive polyaniline composition, film thereof and method of producing them |
| US20100035111A1 (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2010-02-11 | Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell |
| US20110049431A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-03-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrically conductive polymer compositions |
| US20110057152A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-03-10 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrically conductive polymer compositions |
| JP2011210386A (ja) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-20 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | カソード触媒およびその製造方法、および、燃料電池 |
| US8142956B2 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2012-03-27 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Fuel cell |
| WO2021186942A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | 東レ株式会社 | 導電性組成物およびそれを含む導電膜、センサ、生体センサ、フレキシブルデバイス、ならびに導電性布帛およびそれを含む生体電極、ウェアラブルデバイス |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| IL142951A0 (en) * | 2001-05-03 | 2002-04-21 | Univ Ben Gurion | Improvements in methanol fuel cells |
| US7459103B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2008-12-02 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Conducting polymer-grafted carbon material for fuel cell applications |
| CN100339913C (zh) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-09-26 | 哥伦比亚化学公司 | 用于燃料电池的、磺化导电聚合物接枝的碳材料 |
| US7241334B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2007-07-10 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Sulfonated carbonaceous materials |
| US7390441B2 (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2008-06-24 | Columbian Chemicals Company | Sulfonated conducting polymer-grafted carbon material for fuel cell applications |
| DE10312029A1 (de) * | 2003-03-18 | 2004-10-07 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Selbstheilende Membran für eine Brennstoffzelle |
| US6897774B2 (en) * | 2003-05-07 | 2005-05-24 | Edwards Systems Technology, Inc. | Ambient condition detector with multipe sensors and single control unit |
| US7101961B2 (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2006-09-05 | Changchun Institute Of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Method for preparation of poly(o-phenylenediamine) Nano-belt |
| US7250189B2 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2007-07-31 | General Motors Corporation | Increasing the hydrophilicity of carbon fiber paper by electropolymerization |
| US20060068987A1 (en) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-03-30 | Srinivas Bollepalli | Carbon supported catalyst having reduced water retention |
| JP4996823B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-26 | 2012-08-08 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 燃料電池用電極、及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| US7838687B2 (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2010-11-23 | Brown University | Redox-active polymers and their applications |
| KR101041125B1 (ko) * | 2007-09-19 | 2011-06-13 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 연료 전지용 전극, 연료 전지용 막-전극 어셈블리, 및 이를포함하는 연료 전지 시스템 |
| KR101064986B1 (ko) * | 2009-06-04 | 2011-09-15 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | 세라믹 다공성 지지체, 그를 이용한 강화 복합 전해질 막 및 그를 구비한 막-전극 어셈블리 |
| DE102010029966A1 (de) | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Wieland Kg | Verbesserter Elektrokatalysator, Brennstoffzellen-Kathode und Brennstoffzelle |
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- 2000-12-04 EP EP00979089A patent/EP1253656B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-04 CA CA2393812A patent/CA2393812C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-04 US US10/149,227 patent/US7468219B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-04 DE DE60044219T patent/DE60044219D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-04 DE DE60036821T patent/DE60036821T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-04 WO PCT/JP2000/008594 patent/WO2001043215A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2000-12-04 EP EP07013784A patent/EP1843417B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003022937A (ja) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-24 | Nitto Denko Corp | 固体電解コンデンサとその製造方法 |
| US7455794B2 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2008-11-25 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Electrically conductive polyaniline composition, film thereof and method of producing them |
| US7538165B2 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2009-05-26 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Conductive polyaniline composition, film thereof and processes for producing these |
| WO2004019435A3 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-05-13 | Canon Kk | Conductive carbon, electrode catalyst for fuel cell using the same and fuel cell |
| US8142956B2 (en) * | 2003-01-22 | 2012-03-27 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Fuel cell |
| US20100035111A1 (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2010-02-11 | Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell |
| US20110049431A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-03-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrically conductive polymer compositions |
| US20110057152A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-03-10 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrically conductive polymer compositions |
| US8142686B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-03-27 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrically conductive polymer compositions |
| US8147721B2 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2012-04-03 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrically conductive polymer compositions |
| JP2011210386A (ja) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-20 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | カソード触媒およびその製造方法、および、燃料電池 |
| WO2021186942A1 (ja) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | 東レ株式会社 | 導電性組成物およびそれを含む導電膜、センサ、生体センサ、フレキシブルデバイス、ならびに導電性布帛およびそれを含む生体電極、ウェアラブルデバイス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1843417B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
| EP1253656A1 (en) | 2002-10-30 |
| DE60036821T2 (de) | 2008-07-31 |
| CA2393812A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
| DE60036821D1 (de) | 2007-11-29 |
| US7468219B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
| DE60044219D1 (de) | 2010-05-27 |
| CA2393812C (en) | 2011-11-22 |
| US20080054226A1 (en) | 2008-03-06 |
| US7537711B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 |
| EP1253656A4 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
| EP1843417A3 (en) | 2008-03-05 |
| EP1843417A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| EP1253656B1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
| US20030113611A1 (en) | 2003-06-19 |
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