WO2003092995A2 - Laminated composite material reflecting and generating energy by triboelectric effect - Google Patents
Laminated composite material reflecting and generating energy by triboelectric effect Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003092995A2 WO2003092995A2 PCT/FR2003/001347 FR0301347W WO03092995A2 WO 2003092995 A2 WO2003092995 A2 WO 2003092995A2 FR 0301347 W FR0301347 W FR 0301347W WO 03092995 A2 WO03092995 A2 WO 03092995A2
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- intermediate layer
- layer
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- aluminum
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
- A41D31/065—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating using layered materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laminated composite material reflecting and generating energy by triboelectric effect, its manufacture, its use for manufacturing an article intended to coat at least partially a human or animal body as well as a material based on a matrix.
- the article thus prepared has the major drawback of being noisy due to the wrinkling of the aluminum film.
- it is not breathable and does not make it possible to regulate excess perspiration, except when it is provided with orifices intended to allow air to pass between the inner layer and the outer layer. But in this case, it becomes permeable to wind and rain.
- the invention therefore aims to provide a material laminate composite which makes it possible to manufacture an article intended to coat at least partially a human or animal body, which generates energy by triboelectric effect and reflects it, which is not noisy and which is preferably permeable to water vapor .
- the laminated composite material comprises:
- this material is characterized in that the intermediate layer contains particles reflecting and generating heat by triboelectric effect.
- Another object of the invention is a laminate comprising the inner layer and the intermediate layer.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing the laminated composite material, the use of such a laminated composite material for manufacturing an article intended to coat at least partially a human or animal body, as well as such an article.
- the subject of the invention is also a material based on urethane ether-ester comprising particles of aluminum or aluminum alloy and a process for preparing this material, this process comprising a step in which a urethane solution is introduced into ether-ester, a crosslinking system based on isocyanates and particles of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and where appropriate, a step in which the product thus obtained in the form of a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor.
- At least the outer and intermediate layers of the laminated composite material are permeable to water vapor, impermeable to air and to liquid water.
- the outer layer has on its outer part a coating based on non-microporous or microporous thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer, applied by gluing, by transfer coating or by direct coating.
- FIG. 1 is a detailed view showing the various layers constituting the laminated composite material according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the laminated composite material according to the invention.
- the composite material comprises at least three layers, namely:
- the outer layer can be made of a natural or synthetic material. Preferably, it is composed of a textile frame or support very resistant to friction, wear and tear.
- the material constituting the outer layer can be a textile, a woven or a mesh, a nonwoven, a natural or synthetic leather or a coated textile or a coated nonwoven.
- material which can be used for the outer layer mention may be made of acrylics, natural rubber, leather, hemp, cotton, jute, wool, linen, ramie, silk, triacetates, viscose, chlorofiber, elastane, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylenes. , metals, glass, aramid, modacrylic fibers, polyethylene and the mixture of two or more of the above materials. These raw materials may have an external coating applied by coating or by bonding.
- non-microporous or microporous polymers applied by direct coating on the material or by transfer coating on silicone paper, such as polymers of the thermoplastic or thermosetting type.
- coatings applied by bonding to these raw materials such as microporous, non-microporous films based on thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers.
- an hydrophobic and oleophobic treatment is applied to the outer layer to provide a water-repellent and anti-fouling effect.
- the intermediate layer covers the outer layer on the inner side thereof.
- the outer layer generally serves as a support and reinforcement at the intermediate layer.
- the intermediate layer is fixed or united on the inner side of the outer layer by any suitable means, for example by direct coating of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer on the inside of the outer layer, or for example by transfer coating of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer on a silicone support then assembly of this transfer coating with the inner side of the outer layer, or for example by bonding or heat sealing or any other system making it possible to assemble the intermediate layer on the inner side of the outer layer.
- any suitable means for example by direct coating of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer on the inside of the outer layer, or for example by transfer coating of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer on a silicone support then assembly of this transfer coating with the inner side of the outer layer, or for example by bonding or heat sealing or any other system making it possible to assemble the intermediate layer on the inner side of the outer layer.
- the application by direct coating of the intermediate layer on the inner side of the outer layer is done using a coating line by scraping in the air, doctor blade on cylinder, perforated cylinder, scarf, licking cylinder, mill points cylinder or any other system allowing a coating on the inner side of the outer layer.
- the application by transfer coating of the intermediate layer on the inside of the outer layer is done using a transfer coating line.
- the coating is deposited by scraping in the air, doctor blade on cylinder, perforated cylinder on a support which may be of different nature, for example paper or thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer. These supports preferably have a surface treatment which makes it possible to separate the coating from the support.
- the inner part of the outer layer is assembled with the coating, for example by applying the latter directly in the still liquid coating, then the whole is dried and polymerized to optimize the adhesion between the outer layer and the intermediate layer, or for example by applying to the dry or liquid coating, a material by scraping in the air, scraping on a cylinder, perforated cylinder, then, in said material, is applied to the inner side of the outer layer and the whole is dried, polymerized or polymerized.
- the assembly of the outer layer with the intermediate layer can also be achieved by any other suitable means.
- the application by gluing or heat-sealing or any other system, of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer can be done for example by laminating with a microporous or non-microporous polymer system which is applied to the inner part of the outer layer with a coating line by scraping in the air, doctor blade on cylinder, perforated cylinder, thousand point cylinder.
- the fixing of said intermediate and external layers is done by wet method by applying the intermediate layer directly to the external layer already coated with a microporous or non-microporous polymer system which is still liquid with drying and polymerization of the microporous or non-microporous polymer system.
- microporous or for example by the dry route, by applying a liquid microporous or non-microporous polymer system on the inner part of the outer layer, then, by drying, by fixing the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer and by polymerizing the assembly of intermediate layer and outer layer.
- Another method for fixing said intermediate and outer layers can be carried out, for example, by applying polymer dots to the inner surface of the outer layer and then applying the intermediate layer to these polymer dots.
- the polymerization of these points of polymer is done with the humidity contained in the air, or for example by spraying of polymer on the interior surface of the external layer and application of the intermediate part on the sprayed polymer with drying and polymerization of polymer sprayed, or for example by polymer dusting thermoplastic on the inner part of the outer layer. Then, with a significant contribution of heat, the thermoplastic polymer arrives at its melting point and the intermediate layer is applied in this powder of molten polymer and the fixing is done after cooling.
- Another method for fixing said intermediate and outer layers can be carried out for example by applying a sheet or a net of thermoplastic polymer on the inner part of the outer layer. Then, with a significant heat input, the sheet or net of thermoplastic polymer arrives at its melting point and the intermediate layer is applied to this film or net of molten polymer and the fixing is done after cooling, or for example by any other means of fixing the intermediate layer to the inner part of the outer layer.
- the fixing can also be done by direct coating of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer, by transfer coating of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer or by laminating or heat-sealing the intermediate layer on the inner part. of the outer layer.
- the fixing can also be carried out in the form of a direct coating of the intermediate layer in solution in an organic solvent or in aqueous dispersion on the inner part of the outer layer, or for example of a transfer coating of the intermediate layer in solution or as an aqueous dispersion on the inner part of the outer layer, or for example of a vapor-permeable microporous film or of a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor or hydrophobic film not permeable to water vapor .
- the middle layer contains particles reflecting and generating energy by triboelectric effect. Generally, it comprises a matrix containing particles of reflective matter and generating energy.
- These particles can be incorporated into the matrix by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art.
- the material constituting the matrix can be chosen from the group consisting of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of the urethane-ether or urethane-ester type, polyester, polyolefin, copolyether, fluorinated elastomers, silicone elastomer, block copolymers, acrylic, chlorinated elastomers, ethylvinylacetate, polyvinylacetates, natural latex and synthetic latex. These materials can be used in solution in an aqueous or organic solvent, in aqueous or organic dispersion.
- the reflective and energy-generating particles consist of a material which can be chosen from carbon, aluminum, silver, zinc, copper, gold, platinum, ceramic and mixtures or alloys of these compounds.
- the proportion of particles in the intermediate layer can be between 5% and 50% and preferably between 5% and 20% of the total weight of the intermediate layer.
- these are particles of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- aluminum allows a perfect insulation of the external environment and reflects the heat of the body and, on the other hand, it accentuates the phenomenon of triboelectricity.
- the particles generally have a size between 5 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m and preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 25 ⁇ m.
- the intermediate layer may be in the form of a microporous aluminized film permeable to water vapor or a hydrophilic non-microporous aluminized film permeable to water vapor or a hydrophobic non-microporous film not permeable to water.
- water vapor or for example in the form of a direct aluminized coating on the inner part of the outer layer, or an aluminized transfer coating fixed on the inner part of the outer layer.
- the intermediate layer consists of a material comprising a matrix based on urethane ether-ester containing particles of aluminum or aluminum alloy.
- the ether-ester urethane content of this material can be between 50% and 95%.
- This material generally contains from 5 to 50% and preferably from 5 to 20% of aluminum particles relative to the total weight of the material.
- the aluminum particles have a size generally between 5 and 50 ⁇ m and preferably between 10 and 25 ⁇ m.
- This material for an intermediate layer is advantageously in the form of a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor.
- It can be prepared, for example, according to a process comprising a step in which an urethane ether-ester is introduced, a polymerization system, aluminum particles and, where appropriate, a step in which the product thus obtained is given the form a microporous film permeable to water vapor or a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor or a hydrophobic non-microporous film not permeable to water vapor.
- This material for intermediate layer can also be prepared according to a process comprising a step in which aluminum particles are introduced into an ether-ester urethane with its polymerization system, and where appropriate a step in which the product is thus given got the form of a hydrophilic microporous hydrophobic direct coating of water, or of a hydrophilic non-microporous hydrophobic direct coating of water or of a hydrophobic non-microporous hydrophobic coating not on water vapor inner face of the outer layer
- the material used to manufacture the intermediate layer can also be prepared according to a process comprising a step in which aluminum particles are introduced into an ether-ester urethane with its polymerization system and, where appropriate, a step in which to the product thus obtained in the form of a hydrophilic microporous transfer coating permeable to water vapor or of a hydrophilic non-microporous transfer coating permeable to water vapor or of a hydrophobic non microporous transfer coating non-vapor permeable of water fixed on the inner face of the outer layer using a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or by applying the inner face of the outer layer in the liquid transfer coating.
- the intermediate layer which is for example in the form of a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor, consists of an urethane ether-ester in solution in a solvent, of a crosslinking system based on isocyanates, of aluminum particles in the form of a paste or powder which is coated by scraping on a cylinder on a transfer paper using a coating machine which is made to pass through heated compartments to, on the one hand, evaporate the solvents contained in the compound and, on the other hand, to polymerize the compound.
- the intermediate layer can also be in the form of a direct coating in one or more hydrophilic non-microporous passages permeable to water vapor, consisting of an urethane ether-ester, a polymerization system, a aluminum paste or powder in solution in an organic solvent or in aqueous dispersion which is applied by scraping in the air using a coating machine on the inner part of the outer layer which is made to pass through heated compartments to evaporate the solvents or water and polymerize the compound and which is preferably ironed on the coating machine to reapply by scraping in air the said composition on the first direct coating layer to optimize the characteristics of the coating, which can be ironed several times on the coating machine, in order to obtain the required characteristics.
- the intermediate layer can also be in the form of a coating on non-microporous hydrophilic transfer paper permeable to water vapor, consisting of an urethane ether-ester, a polymerization system, a paste or powder of aluminum in solution in a solvent or in the aqueous phase applied to a silicone transfer paper by scraping on a cylinder using a coating machine which is passed through heated compartments to evaporate the solvents or the water and polymerize the compound and return to the coating machine to reapply by doctor blade on a cylinder a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer capable of adhesiveizing the inner face of the outer layer directly in the undried coating of the inner face of the outer layer then passing through heated compartments allowing the thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer capable of adhesiveizing expensive and polymerize.
- the hydrophilic non-microporous aluminized film permeable to water vapor can have a mass of 25 g / m 2 to 30 g / m 2 , have a resistance to the water column of 4 meters. at 10 meters and a RET water vapor permeability of less than 7 m 2 Pa / W.
- the hydrophilic non-microporous direct coating permeable to water vapor can have a mass of 25 g / m 2 to 30 g / m 2 , have a resistance to the water column of 3 at 7 meters and a RET water vapor permeability of less than 7 Pa / W.
- the hydrophilic non-microporous transfer coating permeable to water vapor can have a mass of 25 g / m 2 to 30 g / m 2 , have a resistance to the water column of 4 to 10 meters and a RET water vapor permeability of less than 7 m 2 Pa / W.
- the inner layer is connected peripherally, by sewing, gluing, heat sealing or any other suitable means, along points or a continuous line, to the intermediate layer and possibly also to the outer layer.
- seams or points or lines of junction may be provided therebetween, in particular at central locations or at the half-width or half-length of the panels.
- the inner layer is made of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), polypropylene (PP) or poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), since these are the materials and in particular the
- the inner layer is capable of producing a triboelectric effect by friction and micro-detachment on the intermediate layer.
- This triboelectric effect results in a generation of heat energy which heats the air space between the intermediate and inner layers.
- the inner layer has low water retention and has received a treatment improving its hygiene, for example an antibacterial treatment, or any other treatment.
- the laminate according to the invention comprises the interior and intermediate layers as they have just been defined.
- the composite material according to the invention can be used to manufacture any article intended to at least partially coat a human or animal body.
- a slipper As examples of such an article, mention may be made of a slipper, a glove, pants, a body garment, a waistcoat, a coverall, a sleeping bag, a blanket and a duvet.
- the outer layer is then turned outward and the inner layer faces the body with which it is possibly in direct contact.
- the middle layer can then reflect body heat, preventing it from escaping.
- the intermediate layer reflects the heat produced by friction and micro-detachments between the inner layer and the layer. intermediate (triboelectricity phenomenon).
- the air gap created between the intermediate layer and the inner layer constitutes an additional heat shield between the body and the external environment.
- the thickness of the various superimposed layers is small, of the order of a few tens of millimeters to a few millimeters, so that the article according to the invention can be used under other clothes, gloves or shoes .
- articles made with the laminated composite material according to the invention can be very light.
- the openings of the article allowing the passage of the limbs, the waist or the head can be bordered by an elastic band or a cord allowing to keep the heat inside.
- the different layers Before assembling the layers, the different layers can be precut and provided with reference points arranged on opposite areas to facilitate positioning, for sewing or gluing the different parts of the article.
- the laminated composite material according to the invention is essentially composed of three materials, one (1) constituting the outer layer, the other (2) the intermediate layer applied to it and the third (3) the inner layer.
- the intermediate 2 and inner 3 layers define between them an existing air space 4 thanks to the absence of connection between them elsewhere than at the periphery 5.
- the outer layer 1 consists of a textile support, a woven fabric, a mesh, a non-woven fabric, a natural or synthetic leather or a coated textile or a coated non-woven fabric, onto which has been bonded, by spot bonding, the intermediate layer 2 which is an aluminized membrane made by direct coating of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer or for example by transfer coating of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer or for example by lamination or heat sealing of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the layer exterior or for example by any other means allowing the intermediate layer to be fixed on the interior part of the exterior layer.
- the heat effects are reflected, which therefore makes it possible to avoid heat loss and shields any positive or negative temperature variation of the external environment.
- the face 6 of the inner layer 3 is oriented towards the human body and the heat of the human body is reflected towards this body by the aluminized membrane 2.
- the outer face 7 of the outer layer 1 that is to say the one opposite the body, it can be put by printing or any other process, a logo, a distinctive sign or a mark making it possible to identify the product.
- the inner layer 3 acts as an inner lining and provides additional warmth. Thanks to an antibacterial treatment, it ensures greater hygiene.
- This layer is based on synthetic fibers, preferably PVC, polypropylene or PTFE, because it is these materials that produce the most important triboelectric effects.
- the inner layer 3 not being bonded to the aluminized membrane 2, the blade or air space 4 between the two materials regulates perspiration and thus allows the phenomenon of triboelectricity due to friction and micro-detachment between the layers.
- This set can be adapted to any made-up item.
- each layer being minimal, by superposition of these layers, a very thin article of a few tenths of a millimeter up to a few millimeters, in particular three millimeters, is obtained.
- this composite fabric allow easy and regular washing to remove dirt and excess perspiration. In addition, it is provided with great flexibility in order to allow a folded or rolled packaging for its distribution.
- the exterior layer 1 constitutes a textile framework making it possible to offer greater resistance to the waterproof-breathable membrane 2, based on aluminum, very thin, bonded or applied in different ways from the interior side to this framework.
- the inner layer 3 made up of a mesh-like frame made of textile material, defines a triboelectric effect lining by friction against the intermediate layer 2 and micro-detachments, and increases the protection against the cold, maintaining a level optimal warmth and comfort and regulating any excess perspiration.
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Abstract
Description
MATERIAU COMPOSITE STRATIFIE REFLECHISSANT ET GENERANT DE REFLECTIVE AND GENERATING LAMINATE COMPOSITE MATERIAL
L'ENERGIE PAR EFFET TRIBOELECTRIQUEENERGY BY TRIBOELECTRIC EFFECT
La présente invention concerne un matériau composite stratifié réfléchissant et générant de l'énergie par effet triboélectrigue, sa fabrication, son utilisation pour fabriquer un article destiné à revêtir au moins partiellement un corps humain ou animal ainsi qu'un matériau à base d'une matrice polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable en l'état de film ou d'enduction contenant des particules d'aluminium sur un support couche extérieure .The present invention relates to a laminated composite material reflecting and generating energy by triboelectric effect, its manufacture, its use for manufacturing an article intended to coat at least partially a human or animal body as well as a material based on a matrix. thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer in the film or coating state containing aluminum particles on an outer layer support.
Il est connu d'après la demande internationale n° WO 99/49746 un article chaussant ou vestimentaire comprenant une couche extérieure assurant une isolation, une zone intermédiaire constituée d'une lame d'air et une couche intérieure formant doublure. La couche extérieure est composée d'une armature textile renforçant un film d'aluminium appliqué côté intérieur sur cette armature et la couche intérieure est composée d'une armature de maille ou molleton en matière textile à effet triboélectrique. Les couches intérieure et extérieure sont reliées périphériquement de sorte à permettre un mouvement relatif et un frottement entre ces couches qui génère de la chaleur.It is known from international application No. WO 99/49746 an article of footwear or clothing comprising an outer layer providing insulation, an intermediate zone consisting of an air space and an inner layer forming a lining. The outer layer is composed of a textile reinforcement reinforcing an aluminum film applied on the inner side to this reinforcement and the inner layer is composed of a mesh or fleece reinforcement of textile material with triboelectric effect. The inner and outer layers are connected peripherally so as to allow relative movement and friction between these layers which generates heat.
L'article ainsi préparé présente l'inconvénient majeur d'être bruyant du fait du froissement du film d'aluminium. En outre, il n'est pas respirant et ne permet pas de réguler les excès de transpiration, sauf lorsqu'il est pourvu d'orifices destinés à laisser passer l'air entre la couche intérieur et la couche extérieure. Mais dans ce cas, il devient perméable au vent et à la pluie.The article thus prepared has the major drawback of being noisy due to the wrinkling of the aluminum film. In addition, it is not breathable and does not make it possible to regulate excess perspiration, except when it is provided with orifices intended to allow air to pass between the inner layer and the outer layer. But in this case, it becomes permeable to wind and rain.
L'invention a donc pour but de proposer un matériau composite stratifié qui permette de fabriquer un article destiné à revêtir au moins partiellement un corps humain ou animal, qui génère de l'énergie par effet triboélectrique et la réfléchit, qui ne soit pas bruyant et qui soit de préférence perméable à la vapeur d ' eau .The invention therefore aims to provide a material laminate composite which makes it possible to manufacture an article intended to coat at least partially a human or animal body, which generates energy by triboelectric effect and reflects it, which is not noisy and which is preferably permeable to water vapor .
Ainsi, selon l'invention, le matériau composite stratifié comprend:Thus, according to the invention, the laminated composite material comprises:
- une couche extérieure,- an outer layer,
- une couche intermédiaire, - une couche intérieure, la couche intermédiaire recouvrant la couche extérieure et étant reliée périphériquement à la couche intérieure et la couche intérieure étant apte à produire un effet triboélectrique par frottement sur la couche intermédiaire et micro-décollement par rapport à cette dernière, et ce matériau se caractérise en ce que la couche intermédiaire contient des particules réfléchissant et générant de la chaleur par effet triboélectrique.- an intermediate layer, - an inner layer, the intermediate layer covering the outer layer and being peripherally connected to the inner layer and the inner layer being capable of producing a triboelectric effect by friction on the intermediate layer and micro-detachment relative to this last, and this material is characterized in that the intermediate layer contains particles reflecting and generating heat by triboelectric effect.
Un autre objet de l'invention est un stratifié comprenant la couche intérieure et la couche intermédiaire .Another object of the invention is a laminate comprising the inner layer and the intermediate layer.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de préparation du matériau composite stratifié, l'utilisation d'un tel matériau composite stratifié pour fabriquer un article destiné à revêtir au moins partiellement un corps humain ou animal, ainsi qu'un tel article.The invention also relates to a process for preparing the laminated composite material, the use of such a laminated composite material for manufacturing an article intended to coat at least partially a human or animal body, as well as such an article.
L'invention a aussi pour objet un matériau à base d'uréthane ether-ester comprenant des particules en aluminium ou alliage d'aluminium et un procédé pour préparer ce matériau, ce procédé comprenant une étape dans laquelle on introduit dans une solution d'uréthane ether-ester, un système de réticulation basé sur des isocyanates et des particules d'aluminium ou d'alliage d'aluminium, et le cas échéant, une étape dans laquelle on donne au produit ainsi obtenu la forme d'un film non microporeux hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau.The subject of the invention is also a material based on urethane ether-ester comprising particles of aluminum or aluminum alloy and a process for preparing this material, this process comprising a step in which a urethane solution is introduced into ether-ester, a crosslinking system based on isocyanates and particles of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and where appropriate, a step in which the product thus obtained in the form of a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, au moins les couches extérieure et intermédiaire du matériau composite stratifié sont perméables à la vapeur d'eau, imperméables à l'air et à l'eau liquide.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, at least the outer and intermediate layers of the laminated composite material are permeable to water vapor, impermeable to air and to liquid water.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, la couche extérieure possède sur sa partie externe un revêtement à base de polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable non microporeux ou microporeux, appliqué par collage, par enduction transfert ou par enduction directe.According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the outer layer has on its outer part a coating based on non-microporous or microporous thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer, applied by gluing, by transfer coating or by direct coating.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de l'exposé qui suit et qui est donné en référence aux dessins dans lesquels:Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the description which follows and which is given with reference to the drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue de détail faisant apparaître les différentes couches constituant le matériau composite stratifié selon l'invention etFIG. 1 is a detailed view showing the various layers constituting the laminated composite material according to the invention and
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale du matériau composite stratifié selon l'invention.- Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the laminated composite material according to the invention.
EXPOSÉ DÉTAILLÉ DE L'INVENTION Selon l'invention, le matériau composite comprend au moins trois couches, à savoir:DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION According to the invention, the composite material comprises at least three layers, namely:
- une couche extérieure,- an outer layer,
- une couche intermédiaire qui peut avoir été appliquée par enduction sur la couche extérieure ou qui est constituée d'un film collé sur la couche extérieure; et- an intermediate layer which may have been applied by coating on the outer layer or which consists of a film bonded to the outer layer; and
- une couche intérieure.- an inner layer.
Couche extérieureOuter layer
La couche extérieure peut être constituée d'une matière naturelle ou synthétique. De préférence, elle est composée d'une armature ou support textile très résistant aux frottements, à l'usure et aux déchirements.The outer layer can be made of a natural or synthetic material. Preferably, it is composed of a textile frame or support very resistant to friction, wear and tear.
La matière constituant la couche extérieure peut être un textile, un tissé ou une maille, un non tissé, un cuir naturel ou synthétique ou encore un textile enduit ou un non tissé enduit.The material constituting the outer layer can be a textile, a woven or a mesh, a nonwoven, a natural or synthetic leather or a coated textile or a coated nonwoven.
Comme matière pouvant servir pour la couche extérieure on peut citer les acryliques, le caoutchouc naturel, le cuir, chanvre, coton, jute, laine, lin, ramie, soie, les triacetates, la viscose, chlorofibre, élasthanne, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylènes, métaux, verre, aramide, fibres modacryliques, polyéthylène ainsi que le mélange de deux ou plusieurs matières précitées. Ces matières premières peuvent posséder un revêtement extérieur appliqué par enduction ou par collage.As material which can be used for the outer layer, mention may be made of acrylics, natural rubber, leather, hemp, cotton, jute, wool, linen, ramie, silk, triacetates, viscose, chlorofiber, elastane, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylenes. , metals, glass, aramid, modacrylic fibers, polyethylene and the mixture of two or more of the above materials. These raw materials may have an external coating applied by coating or by bonding.
Comme revêtement extérieur, on peut également citer les polymères non microporeux ou microporeux, appliqués par enduction directe sur la matière ou par enduction transfert sur un papier siliconé, comme les polymères de type thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable .As external coating, mention may also be made of non-microporous or microporous polymers, applied by direct coating on the material or by transfer coating on silicone paper, such as polymers of the thermoplastic or thermosetting type.
Comme revêtement extérieur, on peut aussi citer les revêtements appliqués par collage sur ces matières premières comme les films microporeux, non microporeux à base de polymères thermoplastiques ou thermodurcissables .As external coating, mention may also be made of coatings applied by bonding to these raw materials, such as microporous, non-microporous films based on thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers.
De préférence, on applique un traitement hydrophobe et oléophobe sur la couche extérieure pour apporter un effet déperlant et anti-salissures.Preferably, an hydrophobic and oleophobic treatment is applied to the outer layer to provide a water-repellent and anti-fouling effect.
Couche intermédiaireIntermediate layer
Selon l'invention, la couche intermédiaire recouvre la couche extérieure du côté intérieur de celle-ci. La couche extérieure sert généralement de support et de renforcement à la couche intermédiaire.According to the invention, the intermediate layer covers the outer layer on the inner side thereof. The outer layer generally serves as a support and reinforcement at the intermediate layer.
La couche intermédiaire est fixée ou unie du côté intérieur de la couche extérieure par tout moyen approprié, par exemple par enduction directe de polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable sur le côté intérieur de la couche extérieure, ou par exemple par enduction transfert de polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable sur un support siliconé puis assemblage de cette enduction transfert avec le côté intérieur de la couche extérieure, ou par exemple par collage ou thermosoudage ou tout autre système permettant d'assembler la couche intermédiaire sur le côté intérieur de la couche extérieure.The intermediate layer is fixed or united on the inner side of the outer layer by any suitable means, for example by direct coating of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer on the inside of the outer layer, or for example by transfer coating of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer on a silicone support then assembly of this transfer coating with the inner side of the outer layer, or for example by bonding or heat sealing or any other system making it possible to assemble the intermediate layer on the inner side of the outer layer.
L'application par enduction directe de la couche intermédiaire sur le côté intérieur de la couche extérieure se fait à l'aide d'une ligne d' enduction par raclage en l'air, racle sur cylindre, cylindre perforé, foulard, cylindre lécheur, cylindre mill points ou tout autre système permettant d'apporter une enduction sur le côté intérieur de la couche extérieure. L'application par enduction transfert de la couche intermédiaire sur le côté intérieur de la couche extérieure se fait à l'aide d'une ligne d' enduction transfert. L' enduction est déposée par raclage en l'air, racle sur cylindre, cylindre perforé sur un support pouvant être de différente nature, par exemple du papier ou du polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable. Ces supports possèdent de préférence un traitement de surface qui permet de séparer 1 ' enduction du support .The application by direct coating of the intermediate layer on the inner side of the outer layer is done using a coating line by scraping in the air, doctor blade on cylinder, perforated cylinder, scarf, licking cylinder, mill points cylinder or any other system allowing a coating on the inner side of the outer layer. The application by transfer coating of the intermediate layer on the inside of the outer layer is done using a transfer coating line. The coating is deposited by scraping in the air, doctor blade on cylinder, perforated cylinder on a support which may be of different nature, for example paper or thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer. These supports preferably have a surface treatment which makes it possible to separate the coating from the support.
Après application de l' enduction sur le support papier ou polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable avec un traitement de surface, on assemble la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure avec l' enduction, par exemple en appliquant cette dernière directement dans l' enduction encore liquide, puis le tout est séché et polymérisé pour optimiser l'adhérence entre la couche extérieure et la couche intermédiaire, ou par exemple en appliquant sur l' enduction sèche ou liquide, un matériau par raclage en l'air, racle sur cylindre, cylindre perforé, ensuite, dans ledit matériau est appliqué du côté intérieur de la couche extérieure et le tout est séché polymérisé ou polymérisé. L'assemblage de la couche extérieure avec la couche intermédiaire peut également être réalisé par tout autre moyen approprié.After application of the coating on the paper or thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer support with a surface treatment, the inner part of the outer layer is assembled with the coating, for example by applying the latter directly in the still liquid coating, then the whole is dried and polymerized to optimize the adhesion between the outer layer and the intermediate layer, or for example by applying to the dry or liquid coating, a material by scraping in the air, scraping on a cylinder, perforated cylinder, then, in said material, is applied to the inner side of the outer layer and the whole is dried, polymerized or polymerized. The assembly of the outer layer with the intermediate layer can also be achieved by any other suitable means.
L'application par collage ou thermosoudage ou tout autre système, de la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure peut se faire par exemple par contrecollage avec un système polymère microporeux ou non microporeux que l'on applique sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure avec une ligne d' enduction par raclage en l'air, racle sur cylindre, cylindre perforé, cylindre mille points. Selon ce procédé, la fixation desdites couches intermédiaire et extérieure se fait par voie humide en appliquant la couche intermédiaire directement sur la couche extérieure déjà enduite avec un système polymère microporeux ou non microporeux encore liquide avec un séchage et une polymérisation du système polymère microporeux ou non microporeux ou par exemple par voie sèche, en appliquant un système polymère microporeux ou non microporeux liquide sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure, ensuite, en séchant, en fixant la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure et en polymérisant l'assemblage couche intermédiaire et couche extérieure.The application by gluing or heat-sealing or any other system, of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer can be done for example by laminating with a microporous or non-microporous polymer system which is applied to the inner part of the outer layer with a coating line by scraping in the air, doctor blade on cylinder, perforated cylinder, thousand point cylinder. According to this method, the fixing of said intermediate and external layers is done by wet method by applying the intermediate layer directly to the external layer already coated with a microporous or non-microporous polymer system which is still liquid with drying and polymerization of the microporous or non-microporous polymer system. microporous or for example by the dry route, by applying a liquid microporous or non-microporous polymer system on the inner part of the outer layer, then, by drying, by fixing the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer and by polymerizing the assembly of intermediate layer and outer layer.
Un autre procédé pour la fixation des dites couches intermédiaire et extérieure peut être réalisé par exemple par application de points de polymères sur la surface intérieure de la couche extérieure puis application de la couche intermédiaire sur ces points de polymère. La polymérisation de ces points de polymère se fait avec l'humidité contenue dans l'air, ou par exemple par pulvérisation de polymère sur la surface intérieure de la couche extérieure et application de la partie intermédiaire sur le polymère pulvérisé avec séchage et polymérisation de polymère pulvérisé, ou par exemple par saupoudrage de polymère thermoplastique sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure. Ensuite, avec un apport de chaleur important, le polymère thermoplastique arrive à son point de fusion et on applique la couche intermédiaire dans cette poudre de polymère en fusion et la fixation se fait après refroidissement .Another method for fixing said intermediate and outer layers can be carried out, for example, by applying polymer dots to the inner surface of the outer layer and then applying the intermediate layer to these polymer dots. The polymerization of these points of polymer is done with the humidity contained in the air, or for example by spraying of polymer on the interior surface of the external layer and application of the intermediate part on the sprayed polymer with drying and polymerization of polymer sprayed, or for example by polymer dusting thermoplastic on the inner part of the outer layer. Then, with a significant contribution of heat, the thermoplastic polymer arrives at its melting point and the intermediate layer is applied in this powder of molten polymer and the fixing is done after cooling.
Un autre procédé pour la fixation des dites couches intermédiaire et extérieure peut être réalisé par exemple par application d'une feuille ou d'un filet de polymère thermoplastique sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure. Ensuite, avec un apport de chaleur important, la feuille ou le filet de polymère thermoplastique arrive à son point de fusion et on applique la couche intermédiaire sur ce film ou filet de polymère en fusion et la fixation se fait après refroidissement, ou par exemple par tout autre moyen de fixation de la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure.Another method for fixing said intermediate and outer layers can be carried out for example by applying a sheet or a net of thermoplastic polymer on the inner part of the outer layer. Then, with a significant heat input, the sheet or net of thermoplastic polymer arrives at its melting point and the intermediate layer is applied to this film or net of molten polymer and the fixing is done after cooling, or for example by any other means of fixing the intermediate layer to the inner part of the outer layer.
La fixation peut aussi se faire par enduction directe de la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure, par enduction transfert de la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure ou par contrecollage ou thermosoudage de la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure.The fixing can also be done by direct coating of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer, by transfer coating of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer or by laminating or heat-sealing the intermediate layer on the inner part. of the outer layer.
La fixation peut encore être réalisée sous forme d'une enduction directe de la couche intermédiaire en solution dans un solvant organique ou en dispersion aqueuse sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure, ou par exemple d'une enduction transfert de la couche intermédiaire en solution ou en dispersion aqueuse sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure, ou par exemple d'un film microporeux perméable à la vapeur ou d'un film non microporeux hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau ou hydrophobe non perméable à la vapeur d'eau.The fixing can also be carried out in the form of a direct coating of the intermediate layer in solution in an organic solvent or in aqueous dispersion on the inner part of the outer layer, or for example of a transfer coating of the intermediate layer in solution or as an aqueous dispersion on the inner part of the outer layer, or for example of a vapor-permeable microporous film or of a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor or hydrophobic film not permeable to water vapor .
La couche intermédiaire contient des particules réfléchissant et générant de l'énergie par effet triboélectrique. Généralement, elle comprend une matrice renfermant des particules de matières réfléchissant et générant de l'énergie.The middle layer contains particles reflecting and generating energy by triboelectric effect. Generally, it comprises a matrix containing particles of reflective matter and generating energy.
Ces particules peuvent être incorporées dans la matrice par tout procédé approprié connu de l'homme du métier.These particles can be incorporated into the matrix by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art.
La matière constituant la matrice peut être choisie dans le groupe constitué par des polymères thermoplastiques ou thermodurcissables du type uréthane-éther ou uréthane-ester, polyester, polyoléfine, copolyéther, élastomères fluorés, élastomère siliconé, copolymères séquences, acryliques, élastomères chlorés, éthylvinylacétate, polyvinylacétates, latex naturel et latex synthétique. Ces matières peuvent être mises en œuvre en solution dans un solvant aqueux ou organique, en dispersion aqueuse ou organique.The material constituting the matrix can be chosen from the group consisting of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of the urethane-ether or urethane-ester type, polyester, polyolefin, copolyether, fluorinated elastomers, silicone elastomer, block copolymers, acrylic, chlorinated elastomers, ethylvinylacetate, polyvinylacetates, natural latex and synthetic latex. These materials can be used in solution in an aqueous or organic solvent, in aqueous or organic dispersion.
Les particules réfléchissantes et générant de l'énergie sont constituées d'une matière qui peut être choisie parmi le carbone, l'aluminium, l'argent, le zinc, le cuivre, l'or, le platine, la céramique et les mélanges ou alliages de ces composés.The reflective and energy-generating particles consist of a material which can be chosen from carbon, aluminum, silver, zinc, copper, gold, platinum, ceramic and mixtures or alloys of these compounds.
La proportion des particules dans la couche intermédiaire peut être comprise entre 5% et 50% et de préférence entre 5% et 20% du poids total de la couche intermédiaire.The proportion of particles in the intermediate layer can be between 5% and 50% and preferably between 5% and 20% of the total weight of the intermediate layer.
De préférence, ce sont des particules d'aluminium ou d'un alliage d'aluminium. Ainsi, d'une part l'aluminium permet une parfaite isolation du milieu extérieur et réfléchit la chaleur du corps et, d'autre part, il accentue le phénomène de triboélectricité .Preferably, these are particles of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Thus, on the one hand aluminum allows a perfect insulation of the external environment and reflects the heat of the body and, on the other hand, it accentuates the phenomenon of triboelectricity.
Les particules ont une taille généralement comprise entre 5 μm et 50 μm et préférablement entre 10 μm et 25 μm.The particles generally have a size between 5 μm and 50 μm and preferably between 10 μm and 25 μm.
La couche intermédiaire peut se présenter sous la forme d'un film aluminisé microporeux perméable à la vapeur d'eau ou d'un film aluminisé non microporeux hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau ou d'un film non microporeux hydrophobe non perméable à la vapeur d'eau, ou par exemple sous la forme d'une enduction directe aluminisée sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure, ou d'une enduction transfert aluminisée fixée sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure.The intermediate layer may be in the form of a microporous aluminized film permeable to water vapor or a hydrophilic non-microporous aluminized film permeable to water vapor or a hydrophobic non-microporous film not permeable to water. water vapor, or for example in the form of a direct aluminized coating on the inner part of the outer layer, or an aluminized transfer coating fixed on the inner part of the outer layer.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, la couche intermédiaire est constituée d'un matériau comprenant une matrice à base d'uréthane ether-ester renfermant des particules d'aluminium ou en alliage d'aluminium. La teneur de ce matériau en uréthane ether-ester peut être comprise entre 50% et 95%.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the intermediate layer consists of a material comprising a matrix based on urethane ether-ester containing particles of aluminum or aluminum alloy. The ether-ester urethane content of this material can be between 50% and 95%.
Ce matériau contient généralement de 5 à 50% et préférablement de 5 à 20% de particules d'aluminium par rapport au poids total du matériau.This material generally contains from 5 to 50% and preferably from 5 to 20% of aluminum particles relative to the total weight of the material.
Dans ce matériau, les particules d'aluminium ont une taille généralement comprise entre 5 et 50 μm et préférablement entre 10 et 25 μm.In this material, the aluminum particles have a size generally between 5 and 50 μm and preferably between 10 and 25 μm.
Ce matériau pour couche intermédiaire se présente avantageusement sous la forme d'un film non microporeux hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau.This material for an intermediate layer is advantageously in the form of a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor.
Il peut être préparé par exemple selon un procédé comprenant une étape dans laquelle on introduit dans un uréthane ether- ester, un système de polymérisation, des particules d'aluminium et le cas échéant, une étape dans laquelle on donne au produit ainsi obtenu la forme d'un film microporeux perméable à la vapeur d'eau ou d'un film non microporeux hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau ou d'un film non microporeux hydrophobe non perméable à la vapeur d'eau.It can be prepared, for example, according to a process comprising a step in which an urethane ether-ester is introduced, a polymerization system, aluminum particles and, where appropriate, a step in which the product thus obtained is given the form a microporous film permeable to water vapor or a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor or a hydrophobic non-microporous film not permeable to water vapor.
Ce matériau pour couche intermédiaire peut aussi être préparé selon un procédé comprenant une étape dans laquelle on introduit dans un uréthane ether-ester avec son système de polymérisation, des particules d'aluminium, et le cas échéant une étape dans laquelle on donne au produit ainsi obtenu la forme d'une enduction directe microporeuse hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau, ou d'une enduction directe non microporeuse hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau ou d'une enduction non microporeuse hydrophobe non perméable à la vapeur d'eau, sur la face intérieure de la couche extérieureThis material for intermediate layer can also be prepared according to a process comprising a step in which aluminum particles are introduced into an ether-ester urethane with its polymerization system, and where appropriate a step in which the product is thus given got the form of a hydrophilic microporous hydrophobic direct coating of water, or of a hydrophilic non-microporous hydrophobic direct coating of water or of a hydrophobic non-microporous hydrophobic coating not on water vapor inner face of the outer layer
Le matériau utilisé pour fabriquer la couche intermédiaire peut également être préparé selon un procédé comprenant une étape dans laquelle on introduit dans un uréthane ether-ester avec son système de polymérisation, des particules d'aluminium et le cas échéant, une étape dans laquelle on donne au produit ainsi obtenu la forme d'une enduction transfert microporeuse hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau ou d'une enduction transfert non microporeuse hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau ou d'une enduction transfert non microporeuse hydrophobe non perméable à la vapeur d'eau fixée sur la face intérieure de la couche extérieure à l'aide d'un polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable ou par application de la face intérieure de la couche extérieure dans l' enduction transfert liquide.The material used to manufacture the intermediate layer can also be prepared according to a process comprising a step in which aluminum particles are introduced into an ether-ester urethane with its polymerization system and, where appropriate, a step in which to the product thus obtained in the form of a hydrophilic microporous transfer coating permeable to water vapor or of a hydrophilic non-microporous transfer coating permeable to water vapor or of a hydrophobic non microporous transfer coating non-vapor permeable of water fixed on the inner face of the outer layer using a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or by applying the inner face of the outer layer in the liquid transfer coating.
A titre d'exemple, la couche intermédiaire qui se présente par exemple sous forme de film non microporeux hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau, se compose d'un uréthane ether-ester en solution dans un solvant, d'un système de réticulation basé sur des isocyanates, de particules d'aluminium sous forme de pâte ou de poudre que l'on enduit par raclage sur cylindre sur un papier transfert à l'aide d'une machine d' enduction que l'on fait transiter au travers de compartiments chauffés pour, d'une part, faire évaporer les solvants contenus dans le composé et, d'autre part, faire polymériser le composé.By way of example, the intermediate layer, which is for example in the form of a hydrophilic non-microporous film permeable to water vapor, consists of an urethane ether-ester in solution in a solvent, of a crosslinking system based on isocyanates, of aluminum particles in the form of a paste or powder which is coated by scraping on a cylinder on a transfer paper using a coating machine which is made to pass through heated compartments to, on the one hand, evaporate the solvents contained in the compound and, on the other hand, to polymerize the compound.
La couche intermédiaire peut aussi se présenter sous forme d'une enduction directe en un ou plusieurs passages non microporeuse hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau, se composant d'un uréthane ether-ester, d'un système de polymérisation, d'une pâte ou poudre d'aluminium en solution dans un solvant organique ou en dispersion aqueuse que l'on applique par raclage en l'air à l'aide d'une machine d' enduction sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure que l'on fait transiter au travers de compartiments chauffés pour faire évaporer les solvants ou l'eau et polymériser le composé et que l'on repasse de préférence sur la machine d' enduction pour appliquer à nouveau par raclage en l'air la dite composition sur la première couche d' enduction directe pour optimiser les caractéristiques de l' enduction, que l'on peut repasser ainsi plusieurs fois sur la machine d' enduction, afin d'obtenir les caractéristiques requises.The intermediate layer can also be in the form of a direct coating in one or more hydrophilic non-microporous passages permeable to water vapor, consisting of an urethane ether-ester, a polymerization system, a aluminum paste or powder in solution in an organic solvent or in aqueous dispersion which is applied by scraping in the air using a coating machine on the inner part of the outer layer which is made to pass through heated compartments to evaporate the solvents or water and polymerize the compound and which is preferably ironed on the coating machine to reapply by scraping in air the said composition on the first direct coating layer to optimize the characteristics of the coating, which can be ironed several times on the coating machine, in order to obtain the required characteristics.
La couche intermédiaire peut également se présenter sous forme d' enduction sur papier transfert non microporeuse hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau, se composant d'un uréthane ether-ester, d'un système de polymérisation, d'une pâte ou poudre d'aluminium en solution dans un solvant ou en phase aqueuse appliquée sur un papier transfert siliconé par raclage sur cylindre à l'aide d'une machine d' enduction que l'on fait transiter au travers de compartiments chauffés pour faire évaporer les solvants ou l'eau et polymériser le composé et que l'on repasse sur la machine d' enduction pour appliquer à nouveau par racle sur cylindre un polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable apte à adhésiver la face intérieure de la couche extérieure directement dans l' enduction non séchée de la face intérieure de la couche extérieure puis en transitant au travers de compartiments chauffés permettant au polymère thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable apte à adhésiver de sécher et de polymériser.The intermediate layer can also be in the form of a coating on non-microporous hydrophilic transfer paper permeable to water vapor, consisting of an urethane ether-ester, a polymerization system, a paste or powder of aluminum in solution in a solvent or in the aqueous phase applied to a silicone transfer paper by scraping on a cylinder using a coating machine which is passed through heated compartments to evaporate the solvents or the water and polymerize the compound and return to the coating machine to reapply by doctor blade on a cylinder a thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer capable of adhesiveizing the inner face of the outer layer directly in the undried coating of the inner face of the outer layer then passing through heated compartments allowing the thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer capable of adhesiveizing expensive and polymerize.
Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, le film aluminisé non microporeux hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau peut posséder une masse de 25 g/m2 à 30 g/m2, avoir une résistance à la colonne d'eau de 4 mètres à 10 mètres et une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau RET inférieure à 7 m2 Pa/W. Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, 1 ' enduction directe non microporeuse hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau peut posséder une masse de 25 g/m2 à 30 g/m2, avoir une résistance à la colonne d'eau de 3 à 7 mètres et une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau RET inférieur à 7 Pa/W.Thus, for example, the hydrophilic non-microporous aluminized film permeable to water vapor can have a mass of 25 g / m 2 to 30 g / m 2 , have a resistance to the water column of 4 meters. at 10 meters and a RET water vapor permeability of less than 7 m 2 Pa / W. Thus, for example, the hydrophilic non-microporous direct coating permeable to water vapor can have a mass of 25 g / m 2 to 30 g / m 2 , have a resistance to the water column of 3 at 7 meters and a RET water vapor permeability of less than 7 Pa / W.
Ainsi, à titre d'exemple, l' enduction par transfert non microporeuse hydrophile perméable à la vapeur d'eau peut posséder une masse de 25 g/m2 à 30 g/m2, avoir une résistance à la colonne d'eau de 4 à 10 mètres et une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau RET inférieure à 7 m2 Pa/W.Thus, by way of example, the hydrophilic non-microporous transfer coating permeable to water vapor can have a mass of 25 g / m 2 to 30 g / m 2 , have a resistance to the water column of 4 to 10 meters and a RET water vapor permeability of less than 7 m 2 Pa / W.
Couche intérieureInner layer
Selon l'invention la couche intérieure est reliée péripheriquement, par couture, collage, thermosoudage ou tout autre moyen approprié, suivant des points ou une ligne continue, à la couche intermédiaire et éventuellement aussi à la couche extérieure.According to the invention the inner layer is connected peripherally, by sewing, gluing, heat sealing or any other suitable means, along points or a continuous line, to the intermediate layer and possibly also to the outer layer.
Lorsque les couches intérieure et intermédiaire se présentent sous la forme de panneaux de grande surface, on peut prévoir des coutures ou des points ou lignes de jonction entre eux, notamment en des endroits centraux ou à la mi-largeur ou mi- longueur des panneaux.When the inner and intermediate layers are in the form of large-area panels, seams or points or lines of junction may be provided therebetween, in particular at central locations or at the half-width or half-length of the panels.
De préférence, la couche intérieure est en poly (chlorure de vinyle) (PVC) , en polypropylène (PP) ou en poly (tétrafluoro éthylène) (PTFE) , car ce sont ces matières et en particulier lePreferably, the inner layer is made of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), polypropylene (PP) or poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), since these are the materials and in particular the
PTFE, qui produisent les effets triboélectriques les plus importants .PTFE, which produce the most important triboelectric effects.
Grâce au fait que la couche intérieure et la couche intermédiaire sont reliées péripheriquement, il peut se créer une lame d'air entre la couche intermédiaire et la couche intérieure. En outre, un mouvement relatif d'une de ces couches par rapport à l'autre est possible.Thanks to the fact that the inner layer and the intermediate layer are connected peripherally, an air gap can be created between the intermediate layer and the inner layer. In addition, relative movement of one of these layers with respect to the other is possible.
Un frottement entre ces couches est également possible. Selon l'invention, la couche intérieure est apte à produire un effet triboélectrique par frottement et micro-décollement sur la couche intermédiaire.Friction between these layers is also possible. According to the invention, the inner layer is capable of producing a triboelectric effect by friction and micro-detachment on the intermediate layer.
Cet effet triboélectrique se traduit par une génération d'énergie calorifique qui réchauffe la lame d'air qui se trouve entre les couches intermédiaire et intérieure.This triboelectric effect results in a generation of heat energy which heats the air space between the intermediate and inner layers.
Ainsi, selon l'invention, il se produit, en ce qui concerne la création de chaleur, un effet de synergie : les déplacements relatifs des couches intermédiaire et intérieure, lors des mouvements du corps, produisent un réchauffement (par triboélectricité) et ce dernier est amplifié par la surface de la couche intermédiaire qui réfléchit la chaleur ainsi produite.Thus, according to the invention, there is produced, as regards the creation of heat, a synergistic effect: the relative displacements of the intermediate and inner layers, during movements of the body, produce a warming (by triboelectricity) and the latter is amplified by the surface of the intermediate layer which reflects the heat thus produced.
Avantageusement, la couche intérieure présente une faible rétention d'eau et a reçu un traitement améliorant son hygiène, par exemple un traitement antibactérien, ou tout autre traitement.Advantageously, the inner layer has low water retention and has received a treatment improving its hygiene, for example an antibacterial treatment, or any other treatment.
Stratifié selon l'inventionLaminate according to the invention
Le stratifié selon l'invention comprend les couches intérieure et intermédiaire telles qu'elles viennent d'être définies.The laminate according to the invention comprises the interior and intermediate layers as they have just been defined.
Utilisationsuses
Le matériau composite selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour fabriquer tout article destiné à revêtir au moins partiellement un corps humain ou animal.The composite material according to the invention can be used to manufacture any article intended to at least partially coat a human or animal body.
Comme exemples d'un tel article, on peut citer un chausson, un gant, un pantalon, un vêtement de corps, un gilet, une combinaison, un sac de couchage, une couverture et une couette.As examples of such an article, mention may be made of a slipper, a glove, pants, a body garment, a waistcoat, a coverall, a sleeping bag, a blanket and a duvet.
La couche extérieure est alors tournée vers l'extérieur et la couche intérieure fait face au corps avec lequel elle est éventuellement en contact direct.The outer layer is then turned outward and the inner layer faces the body with which it is possibly in direct contact.
La couche intermédiaire peut alors réfléchir la chaleur corporelle l'empêchant ainsi de s'échapper. En outre, la couche intermédiaire réfléchit la chaleur produite par les frottements et les micro-décollements entre la couche intérieure et la couche intermédiaire (phénomène de triboélectricité) .The middle layer can then reflect body heat, preventing it from escaping. In addition, the intermediate layer reflects the heat produced by friction and micro-detachments between the inner layer and the layer. intermediate (triboelectricity phenomenon).
De plus, la lame d'air créée entre la couche intermédiaire et la couche intérieure constitue un écran thermique supplémentaire entre le corps et le milieu extérieur. De préférence, l'épaisseur des différentes couches superposées est faible, de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de millimètres à quelques millimètres, de sorte que l'on peut utiliser l'article selon l'invention sous d'autres vêtements, gants ou chaussures. Par ailleurs, les articles confectionnés avec le matériau composite stratifié selon l'invention peuvent présenter une grande légèreté .In addition, the air gap created between the intermediate layer and the inner layer constitutes an additional heat shield between the body and the external environment. Preferably, the thickness of the various superimposed layers is small, of the order of a few tens of millimeters to a few millimeters, so that the article according to the invention can be used under other clothes, gloves or shoes . Furthermore, articles made with the laminated composite material according to the invention can be very light.
Les ouvertures de l'article permettant le passage des membres, de la taille ou de la tête peuvent être bordées par une bande élastique ou un cordon permettant de conserver la chaleur à 1' intérieur.The openings of the article allowing the passage of the limbs, the waist or the head can be bordered by an elastic band or a cord allowing to keep the heat inside.
Avant l'assemblage des couches, les différentes couches peuvent être prédécoupées et pourvues de points de repère disposés sur des zones de vis à vis pour faciliter le positionnement, pour la couture ou le collage des différentes parties de l'article.Before assembling the layers, the different layers can be precut and provided with reference points arranged on opposite areas to facilitate positioning, for sewing or gluing the different parts of the article.
Exemple de réalisationExample of realization
Cet exemple de réalisation va être commenté en se référant aux Figures 1 et 2 annexées .This exemplary embodiment will be commented on with reference to Figures 1 and 2 attached.
En se référant à ces figures, on voit que le matériau composite stratifié selon l'invention est essentiellement composé de trois matières, l'une (1) constituant la couche extérieure, l'autre (2) la couche intermédiaire appliquée sur elle et la troisième (3) la couche intérieure.Referring to these figures, it can be seen that the laminated composite material according to the invention is essentially composed of three materials, one (1) constituting the outer layer, the other (2) the intermediate layer applied to it and the third (3) the inner layer.
Ces couches 1, 2 et 3 sont cousues ensemble en périphérie 5. Les couches intermédiaire 2 et intérieure 3 définissent entre elles une lame d'air 4 existant grâce à l'absence de liaison entre elles ailleurs qu'en périphérie 5. La couche extérieure 1 est constituée d'un support textile, un tissé, une maille, un non tissé, un cuir naturel ou synthétique ou encore un textile enduit ou un non tissé enduit, sur lequel on a collé, par collage par points, la couche intermédiaire 2 qui est une membrane aluminisée confectionnée par enduction directe de la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure ou par exemple par enduction transfert de la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure ou par exemple par contre-collage ou thermosoudage de la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure ou par exemple par tout autre moyen permettant de fixer la couche intermédiaire sur la partie intérieure de la couche extérieure. Sur la membrane aluminisée 2, les effets calorifiques se réfléchissent, ce qui permet donc d'éviter une déperdition de chaleur et fait écran à toute variation de température positive ou négative du milieu extérieur.These layers 1, 2 and 3 are sewn together at the periphery 5. The intermediate 2 and inner 3 layers define between them an existing air space 4 thanks to the absence of connection between them elsewhere than at the periphery 5. The outer layer 1 consists of a textile support, a woven fabric, a mesh, a non-woven fabric, a natural or synthetic leather or a coated textile or a coated non-woven fabric, onto which has been bonded, by spot bonding, the intermediate layer 2 which is an aluminized membrane made by direct coating of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer or for example by transfer coating of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the outer layer or for example by lamination or heat sealing of the intermediate layer on the inner part of the layer exterior or for example by any other means allowing the intermediate layer to be fixed on the interior part of the exterior layer. On the aluminized membrane 2, the heat effects are reflected, which therefore makes it possible to avoid heat loss and shields any positive or negative temperature variation of the external environment.
Sur la membrane aluminisée 2, les effets calorifiques se réfléchissent, ce qui permet donc d'éviter une déperdition de chaleur et fait écran à toute variation de température positive ou négative du milieu extérieur.On the aluminized membrane 2, the calorific effects are reflected, which therefore makes it possible to avoid heat loss and shields any change in positive or negative temperature of the external environment.
Lors de l'utilisation, la face 6 de la couche intérieure 3 est orientée vers le corps humain et la chaleur du corps humain est réfléchie vers ce corps par la membrane aluminisée 2.During use, the face 6 of the inner layer 3 is oriented towards the human body and the heat of the human body is reflected towards this body by the aluminized membrane 2.
Sur la face extérieure 7 de la couche extérieure 1, c'est-à- dire celle opposée au corps, il peut être mis par impression ou tout autre procédé, un logo, un signe distinctif ou une marque permettant d'identifier le produit.On the outer face 7 of the outer layer 1, that is to say the one opposite the body, it can be put by printing or any other process, a logo, a distinctive sign or a mark making it possible to identify the product.
La couche intérieure 3 joue le rôle de doublure intérieure et procure une chaleur supplémentaire . Grâce à un traitement antibactérien, elle permet d'assurer une plus grande hygiène. Cette couche est à base de fibres synthétiques, de préférence en PCV, en polypropylène ou PTFE, car ce sont ces matières qui produisent les effets triboélectriques les plus importants .The inner layer 3 acts as an inner lining and provides additional warmth. Thanks to an antibacterial treatment, it ensures greater hygiene. This layer is based on synthetic fibers, preferably PVC, polypropylene or PTFE, because it is these materials that produce the most important triboelectric effects.
La couche intérieure 3 n'étant pas collée sur la membrane aluminisée 2, la lame ou vide d'air 4 entre les deux matières permet de réguler la transpiration et permet ainsi le phénomène de la triboélectricité dû au frottement et au micro-décollement entre les couches.The inner layer 3 not being bonded to the aluminized membrane 2, the blade or air space 4 between the two materials regulates perspiration and thus allows the phenomenon of triboelectricity due to friction and micro-detachment between the layers.
La conception de l'ensemble des éléments ainsi que les matières utilisées ne favorise pas la transpiration.The design of all the elements as well as the materials used does not promote perspiration.
L'ensemble de ces couches 1 à 3 ainsi obtenu isole du froid et permet le réfléchissement de la chaleur en augmentant celle-ci par le phénomène triboélectrique.All of these layers 1 to 3 thus obtained isolate from the cold and allow the reflection of heat by increasing it by the triboelectric phenomenon.
En outre, il a été constaté que cet ensemble provoque un assèchement de l'excès de transpiration entre les couches 2 et 3.In addition, it has been observed that this assembly causes drying of the excess perspiration between layers 2 and 3.
Cet ensemble peut être adapté à tout article confectionné.This set can be adapted to any made-up item.
Les différents panneaux obtenus à partir de ce matériau composite sont prédécoupés seuls ou en superposition avec effet de matelas .The various panels obtained from this composite material are pre-cut alone or in superposition with mattress effect.
Ils sont assemblés entre eux par coutures ou collages en périphérie 5. Pour un positionnement précis, des points sont repérés sur les différents panneaux pour faciliter la réalisation.They are assembled together by stitching or bonding at the periphery 5. For precise positioning, points are marked on the various panels to facilitate the realization.
L'épaisseur respective de chaque couche étant minime, par superposition de ces couches, on obtient un article très fin de quelques dixièmes de millimètres jusqu'à quelques millimètres, notamment trois millimètres.The respective thickness of each layer being minimal, by superposition of these layers, a very thin article of a few tenths of a millimeter up to a few millimeters, in particular three millimeters, is obtained.
Grâce à son très faible encombrement et à sa légèreté, il n'est ressenti aucune gêne par l'utilisateur.Thanks to its very small footprint and its lightness, there is no discomfort felt by the user.
Les composants de ce tissu composite permettent un lavage facile et régulier pour permettre d'enlever la saleté et l'excès de transpiration. De plus, il est pourvu d'une grande souplesse afin de permettre un conditionnement plié ou roulé pour sa distribution.The components of this composite fabric allow easy and regular washing to remove dirt and excess perspiration. In addition, it is provided with great flexibility in order to allow a folded or rolled packaging for its distribution.
Côté extérieur, la couche extérieure 1 constitue une ossature textile permettant d'offrir une plus grande résistance à la membrane 2 imper-respirante, à base d'aluminium, très mince, collée ou appliquée de différentes manières du coté intérieur à cette ossature.On the exterior side, the exterior layer 1 constitutes a textile framework making it possible to offer greater resistance to the waterproof-breathable membrane 2, based on aluminum, very thin, bonded or applied in different ways from the interior side to this framework.
Cette association permet de former un écran pour faire obstacle à toutes variations de température extérieures, positives ou négatives, réfléchissant vers l'intérieur les effets calorifiques du corps. A l'intérieur, la couche intérieure 3 constituée d'une ossature de type maille en matière textile définit une doublure à effet de triboélectricité par frottements contre la couche intermédiaire 2 et micro-décollements, et augmente la protection contre le froid, maintenant un niveau optimal de chaleur et de confort et régulant tout excès de transpiration .This association makes it possible to form a screen to block all variations in outside temperature, positive or negative, reflecting inward the calorific effects of the body. Inside, the inner layer 3, made up of a mesh-like frame made of textile material, defines a triboelectric effect lining by friction against the intermediate layer 2 and micro-detachments, and increases the protection against the cold, maintaining a level optimal warmth and comfort and regulating any excess perspiration.
Il résulte de la combinaison des couches 1,2 et 3 ainsi obtenue et de leur agencement avec une lame d'air 4 entre les couches 2 et 3 , des effets de frottements entre les couches 2 et 3 appliquées les unes sur les autres, du fait qu'elles ne sont cousues que péripheriquement, avec liberté de mouvement, au niveau des jonctions des bords des panneaux constitutifs du vêtement ou article chaussant réalisé. Il s'ensuit un effet de triboélectricité augmentant le confort et réduisant le bruit par rapport à la structure décrite dans la demande internationale précitée n° WO 99/49746. It results from the combination of layers 1, 2 and 3 thus obtained and from their arrangement with an air space 4 between layers 2 and 3, effects of friction between layers 2 and 3 applied to one another, fact that they are sewn only peripherally, with freedom of movement, at the junctions of the edges of the panels constituting the garment or footwear produced. There follows a triboelectricity effect increasing comfort and reducing noise compared to the structure described in the aforementioned international application No. WO 99/49746.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003246876A AU2003246876A1 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2003-04-29 | Laminated composite material reflecting and generating energy by triboelectric effect |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0205507A FR2839278B1 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2002-05-02 | REFLECTIVE AND ENERGY GENERATING LAMINATE COMPOSITE MATERIAL THROUGH TRIBOELECTRIC EFFECT |
| FR02/05507 | 2002-05-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003092995A2 true WO2003092995A2 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
| WO2003092995A3 WO2003092995A3 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
Family
ID=29226143
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2003/001347 Ceased WO2003092995A2 (en) | 2002-05-02 | 2003-04-29 | Laminated composite material reflecting and generating energy by triboelectric effect |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2003246876A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2839278B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003092995A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3804810A (en) * | 1970-12-30 | 1974-04-16 | Du Pont | Cross-linked polyurethanes based on aromatic/aliphatic copolyesters |
| CH569041A5 (en) * | 1973-06-15 | 1975-11-14 | Ciba Geigy Ag | |
| WO1988005385A1 (en) * | 1987-01-27 | 1988-07-28 | Mario Posnansky | Laminate |
| US5017673A (en) * | 1989-10-12 | 1991-05-21 | Basf Corporation | Nonionically stabilized polyester urethane resin for water-borne coating compositions |
| FR2743473A1 (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-18 | Steri Flash Sarl | Protective thermal insulation material for use in hospitals or cold storage areas |
| FR2776485B1 (en) * | 1998-03-30 | 2000-04-28 | Michel Raymond Jean Fouquerant | ISOTHERMAL FOOTWEAR |
-
2002
- 2002-05-02 FR FR0205507A patent/FR2839278B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-29 AU AU2003246876A patent/AU2003246876A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-29 WO PCT/FR2003/001347 patent/WO2003092995A2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2839278A1 (en) | 2003-11-07 |
| FR2839278B1 (en) | 2004-07-02 |
| AU2003246876A1 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
| WO2003092995A3 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
| AU2003246876A8 (en) | 2003-11-17 |
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