Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
  • A61K47/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyesters, polyamino acids, polysiloxanes, polyphosphazines, copolymers of polyalkylene glycol or poloxamers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
  • A61K47/64—Drug-peptide, drug-protein or drug-polyamino acid conjugates, i.e. the modifying agent being a peptide, protein or polyamino acid which is covalently bonded or complexed to a therapeutically active agent
  • A61K47/645—Polycationic or polyanionic oligopeptides, polypeptides or polyamino acids, e.g. polylysine, polyarginine, polyglutamic acid or peptide TAT
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/62—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being a protein, peptide or polyamino acid
  • A61K47/65—Peptidic linkers, binders or spacers, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
  • A61K8/84—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions otherwise than those involving only carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • A61K8/88—Polyamides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
  • C08G69/08—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from amino-carboxylic acids
  • C08G69/10—Alpha-amino-carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new materials based on biodegradable polyamino acids, useful in particular for the vectorization of active principle (s) (PA).
• PA active principle
• the invention also relates to new pharmaceutical, cosmetic, dietetic or phytosanitary compositions based on these polyamino acids.
• These compositions can be of the type of those allowing vectorization of AP and preferably being in the form of emulsions, micelles, particles, gels, implants or films.
• the APs considered are, advantageously, biologically active compounds which can be administered to an animal or human organism by the oral, parenteral, nasal, vaginal, ocular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, intraperitoneal, intracerebral route, buccal, etc.
• the PAs more particularly but not limited to concerned by the invention are proteins, glycoproteins, peptides, polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, oligo or polynucleotides, and organic molecules.
• it can also be cosmetic or phytosanitary products, such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.
• polymers of the polylactic, polylactic-glycolic, polyoxyethylene-oxypropylene, polyamino acid or polysaccharide type. These polymers constitute raw materials making it possible to manufacture, for example, mass implants, microparticles, nanoparticles, vesicles, micelles or gels. Besides the fact that these polymers must be suitable for the manufacture of such systems, they must also be biocompatible, non-toxic, non-immunogenic, economical and they must be able to be easily eliminated. of the body and / or biodegradable. On this last aspect, it is moreover essential that biodegradation in the organism generates non-toxic products.
• US Pat. No. 4,652,441 describes microcapsules of polylactide encapsulating the hormone LH-RH. These microcapsules are produced by preparing a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion and comprise an aqueous internal layer containing the hormone, a substance (gelatin) fixing the latter, an oily layer of polylactide, as well as an aqueous external layer (Polyvinyl alcohol). The release of the AP can be done over a period of more than two weeks after subcutaneous injection.
• US patent 4,888,398 describes polymers based on polyglutamate or polyaspartate, and optionally polyleucine, with pendant groups of the alkyloxycarbonylmethyl type, placed randomly on the polyamino acid chain.
• These polyamino acids, grafted by lateral groups e.g. methoxycarbonylmethyl, can be used in the form of biodegradable implants containing an AP with sustained release.
• US Patent 5,904,936 describes nanoparticles obtained from a polyleucine-polyglutamate block polymer, capable of forming stable colloidal suspensions and capable of spontaneously associating with biologically active proteins without the denature. The latter can then be released in vivo in a controlled manner, over a long period.
• US Patent 5,449,513 describes amphiphilic block copolymers comprising a polyoxyethylene block and a polyamino acid block, for example poly (beta-benzyl-L-aspartate). These polyoxyethylene-polybenzylaspartate polymers form micelles which are capable of encapsulating active hydrophobic molecules such as adryamicin or indomethacin.
• Patent application WO 99/61512 describes polyiysines and polyornithines functionalized by a hydrophobic group (palmitic acid linked to polylysine or ornithine) and a hydrophilic group (polyoxyethylene). These polymers, for example polylysine grafted with polyoxyethylene and palmitoyl chains form vesicles capable of encapsulating doxorubicin or DNA in the presence of cholesterol. These polymers based on polyiysines are cationic in a physiological medium.
• Patent application WO 00/30618 describes block or random polymers poly (sodium glutamate) (methyl, ethyl, hexadecyl or dodecyl polyglutamate), capable of forming colloidal suspensions stable and able to associate spontaneously with biologically active proteins without denaturing them. The latter can then be released in vivo in a controlled manner, over a long period.
• poly sodium glutamate
• amphiphilic copolyamino acids are modified by the presence of a hydrophobic alkyl side chain.
• alkyl groups are covalently grafted onto the polymer via an ester function, which results from the reaction of an alcohol or an iodoalkane, precursor of the alcohol graft, with the carboxylic function of the glutamic unit.
• ester function which results from the reaction of an alcohol or an iodoalkane, precursor of the alcohol graft, with the carboxylic function of the glutamic unit.
• one of the essential objectives of the present invention is to provide a new sub-family of polymers (preferably anionic) based on polyglutamate and polyaspartate, which represent an improvement compared to those described in the patent application WO -A-00/30618.
• Another essential objective of the present invention is that these improved polymers are capable of being used for the vectorization of AP and make it possible to optimally satisfy all the specifications of the specifications: o biocompatibility, o biodegradability, o stability at l hydrolysis, where these polymers are themselves clean:
• the present invention which firstly relates to an amphiphilic polyamino acid comprising aspartic units and / or glutamic units, carrying grafts each comprising at least one hydrophobic unit, characterized in that at least part of these hydrophobic grafts is linked to the aspartic and / or glutamic units, each via a "spacer" involved in and / or comprising at least two amide bonds.
• a hydrophobic unit derived from an acid or one of its derivatives, preferably a natural fatty acid, is selected, then this hydrophobic acid is grafted onto the polymer via a "spacer" preferably based on lysine or ornithine.
• the two bonds involved in the grafting of the hydrophobic group are amides (of the same nature as the peptide bonds of the polyamino acid).
• the inventive concept is therefore based in part on the use of hydrophobic acids as precursors of grafts, instead of the known alcohols or iodoalkyls, which makes it possible to obtain polymers which are much more stable in an aqueous medium.
• These new polymers have a biodegradable skeleton based on polyamino acid carrying side chains comprising a hydrophobic unit. These polymers have surprising association and / or encapsulation properties in comparison with analogous products and, moreover, they are easily degraded in the presence of enzymes.
• polyamino acid covers both oligoamino acids comprising from 2 to 20 amino acid units and polyamino acids comprising more than 20 amino acid units.
• the polyamino acids according to the present invention are oligomers or homopolymers comprising repeating glutamic or aspartic amino acid units or copolymers comprising a mixture of these two types of amino acid units.
• the units considered in these polymers are amino acids having the D, L or D, L configuration and are linked by their alpha or gamma positions for the glutamate or glutamic unit and alpha or beta for the aspartic or aspartate unit.
• Preferred amino acid units are those having the L configuration and an alpha bond.
• polyamino acids according to the invention correspond to the following general formula (I):
• R 1 represents an H, a linear C2 to C10 or branched C3 C10 alkyl, benzyl, a terminal amino acid unit
• R 2 represents an H, a linear C2 to CIO or branched C3 to CIO acyl group, or a pyroglutamate
• R 3 is an H or a cationic entity, preferably selected from the group comprising: the metal cations advantageously chosen from the subgroup comprising: sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, the organic cations advantageously chosen from the sub -group including:
• n groups B each represent, independently of each other, a monovalent radical of the following formula:
• R 4 independently represents a group chosen from the list given for R 3 , a linear C1 to C6 alkyl, a branched C3 to C8 alkyl or a benzyl;
• R 5 independently represents a group chosen from derivatives of acids such as those derived from (i) saturated or unsaturated alkyls, linear from C2 to C24 or branched from C4 to C24 (ii) from aryls, from aralkyls or C7 to C24 alkylaryls; "A independently represents a -CH 2 - (aspartic unit) or -CH 2 -CH 2 -
• n / (n + m) is defined as the molar grafting rate and varies from 0.5 to 100 mol%;
• n + m varies from 3 to 1000, preferably between 30 and 300;
• the preferred -R 5 radicals are acyls derived from natural fatty acids preferably chosen from the group comprising palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid.
• the polyamino acids are homopolymers of alpha-L-glutamate or of alpha-L-glutamic acid.
• the polyamino acids are homopolymers of alpha-L-aspartate or of alpha-L-aspartic.
• the polyamino acids are copolymers of alpha-L-aspartate / alpha-L-glutamate or of alpha-L-aspartic / alpha-L-glutamic.
• the distribution of the aspartic and / or glutamic units carrying grafts comprising at least one hydrophobic unit is such that the polymers thus formed are either random, or of block type, or of multiblock type.
• the polyamino acids according to the invention have a molar mass which is between 2000 and 100,000 g / mole, and preferably between 5000 and 40,000 g / mole.
• the rate of molar grafting in hydrophobic unit of the polyamino acids according to the invention is between 2 and 50%, and preferably between 5 and 20%.
• the polyamino acids of the invention can be used in several ways depending on the grafting rate.
• the methods of shaping a polymer for the encapsulation of an active principle in the various forms targeted by the invention are known to those skilled in the art.
• Polyamino acids are also extremely interesting, because at a relatively low grafting rate of around 3 to 10%, they disperse in water at pH 7.4 (for example with a phosphate buffer) to give colloidal solutions or suspensions or gels, depending on the concentration of polymers and the grafting rate.
• polyamino acids in the form of particles or not, can encapsulate or associate easily with active principles such as proteins, peptides or small molecules.
• the preferred form is that described in patent application WO 00 / 30618 from the applicant and which consists in dispersing the polymer in water and incubating the solution in the presence of an AP. This solution can then be filtered under 0.2 ⁇ m and then directly injected into a patient.
• the polymer can form microparticles capable of associating or encapsulating PAs.
• the microparticles can be shaped by co-solubilizing the PA and the polymer in an appropriate organic solvent and then the mixture precipitated in water. The particles are then recovered by filtration and can then be used for oral administration (in the form of a capsule, in compacted and / or coated form or alternatively in dispersed form in an oil) or parenterally after redispersion in the water.
• the redispersion of the polymer in the aqueous phase becomes more difficult due to the lower amount of the ionizable carboxylate functions and the polymer precipitates.
• the polymer can be dissolved in a biocompatible solvent such as N-methylpyrrolidone or an appropriate oil such as Mygliol® and then injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously or in a tumor. Diffusion of the solvent or oil leads to precipitation of the polymer at the injection site and thus forms a deposit. These deposits then provide controlled release by diffusion and / or erosion and / or by hydrolytic or enzymatic degradation of the polymer.
• the polymers of the invention in neutral or ionized form, can be used alone or in a liquid, solid or gel composition and in an aqueous or organic medium.
• the polymer based on polyamino acids contains carboxylic functions which are either neutral (COOH form) or ionized according to the pH and the composition. For this reason, the solubility in an aqueous phase is directly a function of the level of free COOH of the polymer (not grafted by the hydrophobic unit) and those of the "spacer" (COOR 4 with R 4 equal H) and of the pH.
• the counter cation can be a metal cation such as sodium, calcium or magnesium, or an organic cation such as triefhanolamine, tris (hydroxymethyl) -aminomethane or a polyamine such as polyethyleneimine.
• the polymers of the invention are obtained by methods known to those skilled in the art.
• the polyamino acids can be obtained by grafting of "V spacer" lysine or ornithine, previously functionalized on one of the amino ends by a hydrophobic group.
• a polyamino acid, homopolyglutamate, homopolyaspartate or a glutamate / aspartate, block, multiblock or random copolymer is prepared according to conventional methods.
• NCA N-carboxy-amino acid anhydrides
• the polymers are then hydrolyzed under suitable conditions to obtain the polymer in its acid form.
• Pathway 2 functionalization of lysine in the alpha position
• X is a leaving group such as a halide or an N-hydroxysuccinimide and P is an amine protecting group such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl (Cb) or t-Boc.
• Cb N-benzyloxycarbonyl
• t-Boc N-benzyloxycarbonyl
• the coupling of the amine thus obtained with an acid function of the polymer is easily carried out by reaction of the polyamino acid in the presence of a carbodiimide as coupling agent and optionally, a catalyst such as 4-dimefhylaminopyridine and in an appropriate solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl pyrolidone (NMP) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO).
• Carbodiimide is, for example, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or diisopropylcarbodiimide.
• the grafting rate is controlled chemically by the stoichiometry of the constituents and reagents or the reaction time.
• the invention relates to a pharmaceutical, cosmetic, dietetic or phytosanitary composition
• a pharmaceutical, cosmetic, dietetic or phytosanitary composition comprising at least one polyamino acid such as defined above and optionally at least one active principle, which can be therapeutic, cosmetic, dietetic or phytosanitary.
• the active principle is a protein, a glycoprotein, a protein linked to one or more polyalkylene glycol chains ⁇ preferably PolyEthyleneGlycol (PEG): "protein-PEGylated” ⁇ , a polysaccharide, a liposaccharide, an oligonucleotide, a polynucleotide or a peptide.
• PEG PolyEthyleneGlycol
• the active principle is a small hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic organic molecule.
• This composition can be in the form of nanoparticles, microparticles, emulsions, gels, micelles, implants, powders or films.
• the composition, charged or not charged with active principle (s) is a stable colloidal suspension of nanoparticles and / or microparticles and / or micelles of polyamino acids, in an aqueous phase.
• composition according to the invention can be administered by the oral, parenteral, nasal, vaginal, ocular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, intraperitoneal, intracerebral or buccal route.
• composition is in the form of a solution in a biocompatible solvent, capable of being injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly or into a tumor.
• composition according to the invention is formulated such that it is capable of forming a deposit on the injection site.
• the invention also relates to compositions which comprise polyamino acids according to the invention and PAs and which can be used for the preparation:
• drugs in particular for oral, nasal, vaginal, ocular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, intraperitoneal or intracerebral administration, the active principles of these drugs possibly being, in particular, proteins, glycoproteins, bound proteins with one or more polyalkylene glycol chains ⁇ for example PolyEthylene Glycol (PEG), we then speak of "PEGylated” proteins ⁇ , peptides, polysaccharides, liposaccharides, oligonucleotides, polynucleotides and small hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic organic molecules;
• PEG PolyEthylene Glycol
• This preparation is characterized in that it essentially consists in using at least one of the polyamino acids according to the invention, as defined above, and / or the composition also described above.
• the invention also relates to a method of therapeutic treatment consisting essentially in administering the composition as described in the present description, by oral, parenteral, nasal, vaginal, ocular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, intraperitoneal, intracerebral or oral.
• the invention further relates to a method of therapeutic treatment consisting essentially of a composition as described above in the form of a solution in a biocompatible solvent and then of injecting it subcutaneously, intramuscularly or into a tumor, preferably so that that it forms a deposit at the injection site.
• AP which can be associated with the polyamino acids according to the invention, whether or not in the form of (nano or micro) particles, mention may be made of: o proteins such as insulin, interferons, hormones growth, interleukins, erythropoietin or cytokines; o peptides such as leuprolide or cyclosporine; o small molecules such as those belonging to the family of anthracyclines, taxoids or camptothecins; o and their mixtures.
• This product (4.9 g) is reacted with 7 g of the N-hydroxy-succinimide derivative of palmitic acid (Rn Cas 14464-31-4, available from Sigma) in an acetone / water mixture (80 + 40 ml respectively), in the presence of 7 g of triethylamine. After overnight at room temperature, the product is precipitated by adding IN hydrochloric acid. After purification by passage over a silica column, 3.3 g of the desired product are recovered. Its structure is confirmed by NMR spectroscopy.
• the polymer P2 is prepared under the same conditions as those used for the polymer PI except that the grafting rate is reduced.
• Mn molar mass in number. In all cases, the amount of lysine-C 16 actually grafted was confirmed by
• the polymers are dissolved in a phosphate-buffered saline buffer at pH 7.4 at a concentration of 10 to 40 mg / ml and the pH is adjusted to 7.4 by adding 0.1 N sodium hydroxide. The solubilization is observed visually. .
• Phosphate buffer 0.01 M phosphate, 0.0027 M KC1 and 0.137M NaCl.
• Example 5 Adsorption of a dye on the polymer PI and P2
• the polymers can be used in water and combined or encapsulate an active principle (in the form of a colloidal suspension or not).
• an active principle in the form of a colloidal suspension or not.
• the polymers are dissolved in an aqueous solution at pH 7 (phosphate buffer) and 5 mg of the dye called "Orange OT” is added (Rn CAS: 2646-17-5).
• the solutions are left in an ultrasonic bath for one hour to make the association.
• the solutions are then centrifuged to remove the dye not associated and the optical density (OD) is measured at the ⁇ max of the dye (495 nm), after dilution.
• aqueous solution is prepared containing 10 mg of polymer per milliliter at pH 7.4 and 200 IU of insulin (7.4 mg). The solutions are incubated for two hours at room temperature and the free insulin is separated from the associated insulin by ultrafiltration (threshold at 100 KDa, 15 minutes under 10000G at 18 ° C). The free insulin recovered in the filtrate is then determined by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and the amount of associated insulin is deduced.
• HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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• 2002
  • 2002-07-30 FR FR0209670A patent/FR2843117B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2003
  • 2003-07-23 CA CA2493337A patent/CA2493337C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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