WO2005068244A1 - シリーズハイブリッド電気自動車 - Google Patents
シリーズハイブリッド電気自動車 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005068244A1 WO2005068244A1 PCT/JP2005/000189 JP2005000189W WO2005068244A1 WO 2005068244 A1 WO2005068244 A1 WO 2005068244A1 JP 2005000189 W JP2005000189 W JP 2005000189W WO 2005068244 A1 WO2005068244 A1 WO 2005068244A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- speed
- electric vehicle
- hybrid electric
- engine
- series hybrid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
- B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location or kind of gearing
- B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/46—Series type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
- B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
- H02K19/36—Structural association of synchronous generators with auxiliary electric devices influencing the characteristic of the generator or controlling the generator, e.g. with impedances or switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
- H02P25/184—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor speed is changed by switching from a delta to a star, e.g. wye, connection of its windings, or vice versa
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/02—Details of the control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
- H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
- H02P9/107—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of overloads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
- B60K2007/0061—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being parallel to the wheel axle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
- B60L2220/46—Wheel motors, i.e. motor connected to only one wheel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
- B60L2220/58—Structural details of electrical machines with more than three phases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/421—Speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/423—Torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
- B60L2240/441—Speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
- F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a series electric vehicle and an hybrid electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a technique for improving the energy efficiency of a series electric vehicle and an hybrid electric vehicle.
- a series hybrid electric vehicle drives a generator by an engine, supplies power to the motor from the generator, and uses the motor to generate power.
- the engine is used exclusively for power generation, and the power generated by the engine is not mechanically transmitted to the drive wheels.
- An advantage of the series hybrid electric vehicle is that its ideal energy efficiency is high!
- the power transmission mechanism of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle is complicated because both the engine and the motor are mechanically connected to the drive wheels. Complex power transmission mechanisms can cause energy loss.
- the power transmission mechanism of a series hybrid electric vehicle can be simplified. The simplification of the power transmission mechanism minimizes loss and reduces its weight.
- the series hybrid electric vehicle is superior.
- the power generation system generally consists of a generator and an inverter that converts the AC voltage generated by the generator into a DC voltage. Since inverters are composed of switching transistors, it is unavoidable to generate some loss. Typically, inverter loss is about 5%. However, energy efficiency is important Leeds High Pri
- the second point is a high efficiency driving system.
- Series hybrid electric vehicles that require high energy efficiency, the losses that occur in the transmission mechanism and the differential mechanism cannot be ignored.
- Series hybrid electric vehicles are required to adopt a drive train that can avoid losses in the transmission mechanism and the differential mechanism.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the energy efficiency of a series hybrid electric vehicle as a whole.
- one object of the present invention is to improve the energy efficiency of the power generation system of a series or hybrid electric vehicle.
- Another object of the present invention is to improve the energy efficiency of the drive system of a series hybrid electric vehicle.
- a series hybrid electric vehicle includes an engine, an n-phase generator driven by an engine, and an n-phase AC voltage generator sent from the n-phase generator.
- a rectifier that generates a DC voltage, a battery that is charged by the generated DC voltage, a motor that drives the driving wheels, and a DC voltage that is supplied from the rectifier and Z or a DC voltage that is supplied from the battery. It includes an inverter for driving the motor and a switch.
- An n-phase generator has n armature windings, one end of which is connected to a common neutral point.
- the rectifier has a negative terminal, a positive terminal that generates a higher potential than the negative terminal, and n rectifying arms.
- Each of the n rectifying arms is connected between an intermediate node connected to the other end of the armature winding and the negative terminal and a first diode connected between the intermediate node and the positive terminal. And a second diode. Switch is neutral It is connected between the point and the negative terminal.
- a rectifier is used instead of an inverter to convert the AC voltage generated by the n-phase generator into a DC voltage. Since rectifiers have higher conversion efficiency than inverters, the use of rectifiers can effectively improve the energy efficiency of series hybrid electric vehicles.
- the rectifier since the rectifier has no function of controlling its output voltage, the use of the rectifier is applied to the output voltage of the rectifier, that is, applied to the battery when the output of the engine increases. This can lead to an increase in DC voltage. Excessive DC voltage applied to the battery can lead to degradation of the battery.
- the output voltage of the rectifier can be controlled by providing a switch between the neutral point and the negative terminal.
- the switch electrically connects or disconnects the neutral point and the negative terminal in response to the engine speed.
- the switch electrically connects the neutral point to the negative terminal at a second rotation speed higher than the first rotation speed as the engine rotation speed increases.
- the switch electrically opens the neutral point and the negative terminal when the engine speed decreases to a first speed lower than the second speed. This prevents the output voltage of the rectifier from becoming too high when the engine speed increases.
- a star delta switching mechanism for switching the connection of the armature winding of the three-phase generator between the star connection and the delta connection.
- the star-delta switching mechanism connects the armature winding in one of a star connection and a delta connection in response to the engine speed.
- the star delta switching mechanism increases the engine speed!
- the armature windings are connected in a delta connection.
- the armature windings are connected in a star connection. This prevents the output voltage of the rectifier from becoming too high when the engine speed increases.
- the series hybrid electric vehicle described above employs a drive system in which a plurality of motors are prepared and the motors drive driving wheels respectively.
- the drive system eliminates the need for a transmission mechanism and a differential mechanism, and can increase its efficiency.
- the motor in order to adopt the above configuration, the motor must be small and have high output torque.
- each of the motors is preferably an IPM motor having the following configuration; the IPM motor should be on the same circumference as the rotor connected to the drive wheels.
- the rotor includes a stator having a plurality of slots arranged at intervals, and the rotor includes a rotor core and a permanent magnet forming a field.
- the rotor has a rotor side facing the stator, and the permanent magnet has a pole face on the outside in the radial direction of the rotor.
- the permanent magnet is embedded shallowly in the rotor. In other words, the maximum value X of the distance from the point above the pole face of the permanent magnet to the side of the rotor is given by
- a motor with a compact structure satisfies the requirements of small size and large output torque, and enables the use of the above-mentioned drive system in which the motor drives the drive wheels individually.
- the efficiency of the power generation system and / or the drive system of the series hybrid electric vehicle is improved, and the energy efficiency of the series hybrid electric vehicle is improved.
- FIG. 1 shows a series hybrid electric vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a five-phase generator and a five-phase diode rectifier of the series hybrid electric vehicle according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration of an IPM motor suitable for a drive system of a series hybrid electric vehicle according to the first embodiment.
- Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the rotor of the IPM motor of Fig. 3.
- FIG. 5 shows a series hybrid electric vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the three-phase generator of the series hybrid electric vehicle according to the second embodiment.
- a series hybrid electric vehicle 1 includes an engine 2, a five-phase generator 3, a five-phase diode rectifier 4, and a battery 5.
- the rotation speed of the engine 2 is controlled by a control device (not shown).
- Engine 2 is connected to 5-phase generator 3.
- the five-phase generator 3 is driven by the engine 2 to generate a five-phase AC voltage, and supplies the generated five-phase AC voltage to the five-phase diode rectifier 4.
- the five-phase diode rectifier 4 rectifies the five-phase AC voltage to generate a DC voltage.
- the battery 5 is charged by the DC voltage generated by the five-phase diode rectifier 4.
- the series hybrid electric vehicle 1 further includes a drive inverter 6, a motor 7, a reduction gear 8, and a drive wheel 9.
- the drive inverter 6 generates polyphase power from the DC power supplied from the five-phase diode rectifier 4 and Z or the battery 5.
- the motor 7 is driven by the generated polyphase power to generate power.
- the generated power is transmitted to the drive wheels 9 via the reduction gear 8.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the five-phase generator 3 and the five-phase diode rectifier 4.
- the five-phase generator 3 includes a rotor (not shown) connected to the engine 2 and a stator provided with five armature windings 11-11. One end of the armature winding 11-11 has a neutral point 1
- the five-phase diode rectifier 4 has five rectifying arms 13-13
- Five commutation arms 13—13 have a positive terminal 15 and a negative terminal
- a DC output voltage V is generated between the positive terminal 15 and the negative terminal 16, and the generated output voltage V is generated.
- Each rectifying arm 13 has two diodes 17 and 18 connected in series.
- the power source of the diode 17 is connected to the positive terminal 15, and the anode is connected to the intermediate node 19.
- the power source of the diode 18 is connected to the intermediate node 19, and the anode is connected to the negative terminal 16.
- Each rectification arm 13 The intermediate node 1 is connected to the other end of the armature winding 1 (the end opposite to the neutral point 12).
- a short-circuit switch 20 is provided between the neutral point 12 of the five-phase generator 3 and the negative terminal 16 of the five-phase diode rectifier 4. When the short-circuit switch 20 is turned on, the neutral point 12 is electrically short-circuited to the negative terminal 16.
- One feature of the serial hybrid electric vehicle of the present embodiment is that the use of a five-phase diode rectifier 4 eliminates an inverter composed of switching transistors.
- inverters composed of switching transistors typically have a loss of 5%.
- the loss of the rectifier is smaller than that of the inverter, and the use of the rectifier can effectively improve the efficiency of the power generation system.
- Five-phase diode rectifiers typically provide 99% efficiency.
- the five-phase diode rectifier 4 itself has no function of adjusting the output voltage V. This o
- the short-circuit switch 20 is turned on when the rotation speed of the engine 2 exceeds a predetermined first rotation speed n, and electrically short-circuits the neutral point 12 and the negative electrode terminal 16. When the neutral point 12 and the negative terminal 16 are short-circuited, the five-phase diode rectifier 4
- the turning on of the short-circuit switch 20 is performed in the following procedure; when the rotation speed of the engine 2 is low, the short-circuit switch 20 is turned off.
- the control device for controlling the rotation speed of the engine 2 detects that the rotation speed of the engine 2 is going to exceed the first rotation speed n, the rotation speed of the engine 2 is increased by the control device. reduced to n
- the five-phase generator 3 is reduced. As a result, the output voltage of the five-phase generator 3 becomes lower than the voltage of the note 5. As a result, the five-phase generator 3 is transferred from the five-phase generator 3 to the battery 5 and the driving inverter 6. Power is no longer supplied. At this time, power is supplied to the driving inverter 6 only from the battery 5, and the motor 7 is driven by the power from the battery 5. Subsequently, the short-circuit switch 20 is turned on, and the control device increases the rotation speed of the engine 2 beyond the first rotation speed n to the second rotation speed n (> n). After this, the five-phase generator 3
- control device reduces the number of rotations of the engine 2 to the second
- the point 12 and the negative terminal 16 are electrically disconnected. By disconnecting the neutral point 12 and the negative terminal 16, the five-phase diode rectifier 4 functions as a five-phase full-wave rectifier as before. After that, the control unit controls the rotation speed of the engine 2 to the fourth rotation speed n
- the short-circuit switch 20 is not turned off while supplying power to the battery 5 and the driving inverter 6, and the short-circuit switch 20 does not need the breaking current capability. This is preferable in terms of miniaturization of the short-circuit switch 20. In addition, since the short-circuit switch 20 does not interrupt power, the life of the short-circuit switch 20 can be extended.
- the five-phase diode rectifier 4 is used instead of the inverter, thereby improving the energy efficiency.
- the problem that the five-phase diode rectifier 4 does not have the function of adjusting the output voltage V is short-lived.
- a generator and a diode rectifier of another number of phases for example, a 3-phase generator and a 3-phase diode rectifier are used. Can be used. However, the use of a five-phase generator 4 and a five-phase diode rectifier 5 is effective for improving energy efficiency.
- the keys 8 are provided one for each drive wheel 9.
- the rotation speed of the motor 7 is determined so that the series hybrid electric vehicle 1 runs at a desired speed and in a desired traveling direction.
- the five-phase IPM motor shown in Fig. 3 be used as the motor 7.
- the five-phase IPM motor 7 has a stator 31 and a rotor 32.
- Stator 31 includes armature teeth 33.
- the armature teeth 33 are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference.
- a slot 34 is formed between two adjacent armature teeth 33. Slots 34 are arranged at equal intervals on the same circumference. In the present embodiment, the number n of slots is 20.
- An armature coil 35 is wound around each of the armature teeth 33.
- the rotor 32 includes a shaft 36 and a rotor core 37.
- the shaft 36 is rotatably supported by a bearing (not shown).
- the shaft 36 is connected to the reduction gear 8 described above.
- the rotor core 37 is fixedly joined to the shaft 36 and rotates together with the shaft 36.
- the rotor core 37 is formed of a magnetic material such as a silicon steel plate.
- a field magnet 38 is inserted into the rotor core 37.
- Each of the field magnets 38 constitutes one pole of the field of the rotor 32 and generates lines of magnetic force in the radial direction of the rotor 32. Adjacent The two field magnets 38 generate lines of magnetic force in opposite directions, that is, the two adjacent field magnets 38 have opposite polarities.
- the number of field magnets 38 that is, the number of poles n of the field is 22.
- each of the field magnets 38 is composed of two permanent magnets 39 and 40 having the same polarity and arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotor 32. That is, one pole of the field is composed of two permanent magnets 39,40.
- the permanent magnets 39, 40 have pole faces 39a, 40a radially outside the rotor 32 and pole faces 39b, 40b radially inside.
- the lines of magnetic force generated by the permanent magnets 39, 40 are the pole faces 39a, 39b, 40a, 4
- a pair of permanent magnets 39, 40 included in one field magnet 38 generate magnetic field lines in the same direction, that is, have the same polarity. Note that the number of permanent magnets constituting the single-pole field magnet 38 is not limited to two; one or three or more permanent magnets are also possible.
- the rotor core 37 is provided with a portion 17a (magnetic field line induction portion 37a) located radially outside the permanent magnets 39 and 40.
- the presence of the magnetic field line induction portion 37a is important in that it generates reluctance torque and enables field-weakening control.
- the volume of the magnetic field induction portion 37a is selected so as to obtain a desired reluctance torque and to enable field-weakening control.
- the embedded depth of the permanent magnets 39, 40 from the rotor side surface 32a (that is, above the radially outer magnetic pole surfaces 39a, 40a). Point The distance to the rotor side 32a) is shallow.
- the permanent magnets 39 and 40 have the maximum embedded depth x using the radius r and the number of poles n of the rotor 32, and the following equation: x ⁇ D / 10,
- the shallow embedding depth increases the ratio of the magnet torque component to the output torque output from the motor 7.
- the motor (7) in Fig. 3 differs from a general motor (2) in that the magnet torque is the main component of the output torque of the motor (7), and the reluctance torque is an auxiliary component.
- the shallow embedding depth of the permanent magnets 39 and 40 is important for increasing the output torque per volume of the IPM motor 7.
- the shallow embedding depth of the permanent magnets 39, 40 reduces the horizontal axis inductance. In general, reducing the horizontal inductance may seem to reduce the output torque of the IPM motor. However, this is not true if the permanent magnets 39, 40 have a shallow embedding depth.
- the shallow embedding depth means that the output torque of the IPM motor 7 is larger than the component force S due to the magnet torque and the component due to the reluctance torque.
- the armature current increases due to the reduction in the horizontal axis inductance, and both the magnet torque and the reluctance torque increase due to the increase in the armature current, rather than the effect of reducing the reluctance torque by reducing the horizontal axis inductance. The greater the effect, the greater the effect.
- the presence of the magnetic flux inducing portion 37a is important in enabling the field-weakening control. Since the field weakening control is possible, a high output torque can be output even when the rotation speed of the rotor 32 is high.
- the IPM motor 7 has a large output torque per volume over a wide range of rotation speed. This means that the requirement that the IPM motor 7 be small and have a large output can be satisfied.
- the IPM motor 7 having such characteristics is suitable for being used to drive the driving wheels 9 in the configuration of FIG.
- the transmission inverter 6, the motor 7, and the reduction gear 8 are provided one by one for each drive wheel 9, so that the transmission The structure and the differential mechanism are not required. As a result, the energy efficiency of the drive system that drives the drive wheels 9 is improved. With the adoption of such a configuration, the motor 7 is required to have a small size and a high output.
- FIG. 1 A three-phase generator 3 'is used, and a three-phase diode rectifier 4' is used instead of the five-phase diode rectifier 4.
- the three-phase diode rectifier 4 ' has the same configuration as the five-phase diode rectifier 4, except that the number of phases is different (that is, the number of rectifying arms is different).
- the three-phase diode rectifier 4 ′ itself has an output voltage V adjusting function.
- a switching mechanism for switching the connection of the armature winding of the three-phase generator 3 ′ to the star connection force delta connection instead of the short-circuit switch 20 is provided.
- the output voltage V output from the three-phase diode rectifier 4 ' is adjusted.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows the configuration of a three-phase generator 3 ′ and a switching mechanism for switching the connection.
- the three-phase generator 3 ′ has an R-phase terminal 21r, an S-phase terminal 21s, a T-phase terminal 21t, an X terminal 22x, a Y terminal 22y, and a Z terminal 22z.
- One of the three armature windings of the three-phase generator 3 '(none of which is shown) is interposed between the R-phase terminal 21r and the X terminal 22x, and is connected to the other one.
- the armature winding is interposed between the S-phase terminal 21s and the Y terminal 22y, and the other armature winding is interposed between the T-phase terminal 21t and the Z terminal 22z.
- R-phase terminal 21r, S-phase terminal 2Is, and T-phase terminal 2It are connected to U-phase terminal 23u, V-phase terminal 23v, and W-phase terminal 23w, respectively.
- the three-phase generator 3 'supplies the three-phase AC voltage to the three-phase diode rectifier 4, via the U-phase terminal 23u, the V-phase terminal 23v, and the W-phase terminal 23w.
- the switching mechanism includes a star switch 24-24 and a delta switch 25-25.
- the star switches 24, 24, 24 connect the neutral point 26 to the X terminal 22x and the Y terminal 22, respectively.
- Delta switch 25 is interposed between Z terminal 22z and U phase terminal 23u, and delta switch 25 is X terminal 22x and V phase terminal 23v
- the delta switch 25 is interposed between the Y terminal 22y and the W-phase terminal 23w.
- the three-phase AC voltage output by the three-phase generator 3 ′ is adjusted by turning on and off the three-phase generator and the delta switch 25 25. As a result, the output voltage V of the three-phase diode rectifier 4 is also adjusted.
- Lutaswitch 25 turned off by 25 forces.
- the star connection force is also switched to delta connection.
- the interphase voltage of the three-phase AC voltage appearing at the U-phase terminal 23u, the V-phase terminal 23v, and the W-phase terminal 23w is increased by 1Z3 times. Become.
- the output voltage V of the three-phase diode rectifier 4 decreases.
- the switching of the star connection force to the delta connection is performed in the following procedure; when the rotation speed of the engine 2 is low, the armature winding of the three-phase generator 3 'is connected by the star connection. Continued. That is, the delta switch 25-25 is turned on and the star switch 24-24
- control device reduces the number of rotations of the engine 2 to the second
- the rotation speed of the engine 2 becomes lower than the first rotation speed n. 4th rotation speed n. Subsequently, the armature winding of the three-phase generator 3 'is delta-connected.
- the rotation speed of the gin 2 is increased to the first rotation speed n from the fourth rotation speed n.
- the three-phase diode rectifier 4 is used instead of the inverter, thereby improving energy efficiency.
- connection of the armature winding of the phase generator 3 ' is avoided by being switchable between the star connection and the delta connection.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/597,143 US7635039B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-01-11 | Series hybrid electric vehicle |
| EP05703428A EP1707429A4 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-01-11 | SERIAL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004006047A JP3993564B2 (ja) | 2004-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | シリーズハイブリッド電気自動車 |
| JP2004-006047 | 2004-01-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005068244A1 true WO2005068244A1 (ja) | 2005-07-28 |
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ID=34792125
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/000189 Ceased WO2005068244A1 (ja) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-01-11 | シリーズハイブリッド電気自動車 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7635039B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1707429A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3993564B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005068244A1 (ja) |
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- 2005-01-11 EP EP05703428A patent/EP1707429A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-01-11 US US10/597,143 patent/US7635039B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JP2007312596A (ja) * | 2006-05-17 | 2007-11-29 | Piaggio & C Spa | 電気駆動の四輪ローリング車両 |
| EP1864843A3 (en) * | 2006-05-17 | 2009-11-04 | PIAGGIO & C. S.p.A. | Four-wheel rolling vehicle with electric drive |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070137908A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| US7635039B2 (en) | 2009-12-22 |
| EP1707429A4 (en) | 2013-01-02 |
| JP2005204370A (ja) | 2005-07-28 |
| JP3993564B2 (ja) | 2007-10-17 |
| EP1707429A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
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