WO2008023438A1 - Process for producing 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene - Google Patents
Process for producing 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008023438A1 WO2008023438A1 PCT/JP2006/316753 JP2006316753W WO2008023438A1 WO 2008023438 A1 WO2008023438 A1 WO 2008023438A1 JP 2006316753 W JP2006316753 W JP 2006316753W WO 2008023438 A1 WO2008023438 A1 WO 2008023438A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- halogen atom
- alkoxy
- fluoro
- reagent
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/16—Preparation of ethers by reaction of esters of mineral or organic acids with hydroxy or O-metal groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/01—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by replacing functional groups bound to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydroxy groups, e.g. by hydrolysis
- C07C37/02—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by replacing functional groups bound to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydroxy groups, e.g. by hydrolysis by substitution of halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
- C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
- C07C41/26—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by introduction of hydroxy or O-metal groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/23—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing 1,2 dialkoxy-3fluorobenzene from 2fluorobenzene as a raw material and via 2 fluoro 6-halophenol as an intermediate.
- 1,2 dialkoxy 3 fluorobenzene is a useful compound as a pharmaceutical intermediate.
- Dialkoxybenzene compounds are widely used in many fields as extremely strong electron donors. For example, intermediates for pharmaceutical production, electoric luminescence display materials, and single monomers for electropolymerization. It is used in the production of Ziegler-Natta catalysts for orienting polyolefins.
- 1,2 dialkoxy-3fluorobenzene such as 1,2 jetoxy-3-fluorobenzene is useful as an intermediate for pharmaceutical production (see WO02 / 085855, WO2004 / 078721, WO2006 / 018955).
- Methods for synthesizing such compounds are disclosed by patents US5968865, US6124507, US6399837 and WO02 / 085855.
- An object of the present invention is to produce 1,2 dialkoxy-3fluorobenzene at a high yield and a low production cost. Means for solving the problem
- the present invention provides a process for producing 1,2 dialkoxy 3 fluorobenzene via 2 fluoro-6-halophenol using 2 fluorophenol as a starting material; a process for producing the intermediate 2 fluoro 6-halophenol; A process for producing 2-alkoxy 3 fluorophenol which is an intermediate in the production of 1,2 dialkoxy 3 fluorobenzene from 2-fluoro 6 halophenol; and 2-ethoxy which is a representative compound of the 2 alkoxy 3-fluorophenol 3 Related to fluorophenol.
- a hydroxylation reaction step in which a halogen atom is converted into a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis or Grignard reaction to obtain 3 fluorocatechol; and (8) An etherification reaction step in which two hydroxyl groups are alkyletherified with an alkylating reagent to obtain 1,2-dialkoxy 3-fluorobenzene.
- the sulfone reagent is a molecular complex of concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, pyridine anhydride, and triacid sulfur, according to any one of the above [1] to [7] Production method.
- the halogenating reagent is CI, Br, I or IC1, and any one of the above [1] to [8]
- the method of the present invention it is easy to obtain starting materials.
- the halogen atom is introduced at the 6-position after protecting the 4-position by the sulfone reaction, the complex separation, compared to the method of directly performing the halogen-acid reaction without the protection at the 4-position, High purity 2-fluoro-6-halophenol can be obtained without going through a purification step.
- the hydrogen atoms at the 4th and 6th positions are simultaneously replaced by halogen atoms, which makes it difficult to separate the two isomers (the 4th and 6th halogenated compounds). ) Is generated, but this can be avoided by the method of the present invention.
- the sulphonation, halogenation, and deprotection reactions are all easy to achieve, greatly reducing manufacturing costs.
- the present invention in the production of 1,2 dialkoxy 3 fluorobenzene, it is possible to alkylate two phenolic hydroxyl groups separately, so that 1,2 dialkoxy having different alkoxy groups at the 1-position and 2-position respectively. 3 When fluorobenzene is produced, it can be easily obtained.
- the production method of the present invention is a process that is easy to realize any of the many processes, does not require difficult reaction conditions, and has a high yield, and thus is extremely suitable for industrial production.
- Z represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent cation.
- the monovalent cation is preferably an alkali metal cation, particularly sodium ion.
- X represents a halogen atom other than a fluorine atom, that is, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom.
- halogen means a halogen other than fluorine.
- X is preferably a bromine atom or an iodine atom, more preferably a bromine atom.
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represents an alkyl group having 20 or less carbon atoms. These alkyl groups may be straight chain alkyl groups or branched alkyl groups. Each of these alkyl groups is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a 3-methylbutyl group, and an n-hexyl group. , 3-methylpentyl group, 4-methylpentyl group, 3,3-dimethylbutyl group and the like. It is particularly preferred that at least one of R 1 and R 2 is an ethyl group (the other is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms).
- Step (1) A step of reacting 2-fluorophenol [A] with a sulfonation reagent to produce compound [B] having a sulfonic acid group (SO 2 Z) at the 4-position.
- the sulfone reagent include a concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or a molecular complex of pyridinic anhydride and sulfur trioxide and sulfur. In particular, concentrated sulfuric acid is preferred.
- the sulfonation reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50 to 150 ° C for 1 to 10 hours.
- Interference by atoms can be avoided. Specifically, for example, after the sulfonation reaction, treatment with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, a saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution, an aqueous solution of a basic sodium salt such as sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate, etc., precipitates the sodium salt of the sulfone salt. It can be done.
- Step (2) Compound [B] is reacted with a halogenated reagent, a halogen atom is introduced at the 6-position of compound [B], and a sulfonic acid group (SO 2 Z) at the 4-position. , Having a halogen atom (X) at the 6-position
- Examples of the ligand and rogenating reagent include CI, Br, I, and IC1.
- the above compound [
- halogenating reagent is treated with a halogenating reagent at a temperature of 30 to 100 ° C., preferably at a temperature of 50 to 80 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours, preferably 3 to 5 hours. Introduced to produce compound [C].
- the halogenated reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of 30 to: L00 ° C. for 1 to L0 hours.
- This reaction can be carried out in a solvent.
- the solvent include halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, and dichloroethane.
- Step (3) The compound [C] is subjected to a desulfonic acid group reaction in an acidic atmosphere to convert the 4-position sulfonic acid group (SO 2 Z) into a hydrogen atom to produce 2 fluoro-6-halophenol.
- step (3) the sulfonic acid group (SO
- This reaction occurs in an acidic atmosphere. This is done by heating compound [C].
- This deprotection reaction is preferably performed at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C, preferably 150 to 180 ° C.
- the reaction time is 1 to 10 hours, preferably 3 to 6 hours.
- This deprotection reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C. for 1 to 10 hours.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of an acid, particularly in a highly concentrated aqueous acid solution.
- the acid examples include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid and propyl acid. It is particularly preferable to carry out the reaction in a high-concentration sulfuric acid aqueous solution.
- 2-fluoro 6-halophenol [D] can be obtained from 2-fluorophenol [A].
- 2 alkoxy 3 fluorophenol [F] can be obtained by sequentially performing the following steps (4) and (5).
- Step (4) A step of alkylating the hydroxyl group of 2 fluoro-6-halophenol [D] with an alkylating reagent to obtain 1 alkoxy 2 fluoro 6 halobenzene [E].
- the etherification reaction to convert a hydroxyl group to an alkoxy group is performed by reacting 2 fluoro-6-halophenol [D] with an alkyl reagent. This reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent in an alkaline atmosphere.
- the alkylating reagent is an alkyl reagent having the R 1 group, and an alkyl halide represented by R ′ or an alkyl ester represented by (R 1 ) Y is preferable.
- X ′ represents a halogen atom (chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom), n represents an integer of 1 to 3, and Y represents an n-valent ester group.
- X ′ is preferably a chlorine atom or a bromine atom, particularly preferably a bromine atom.
- Specific examples of the ester group include ester groups such as carbonate group, sulfate group, acetate group, phosphate group, and -trate group.
- n is preferably a sulfate group as an ester group.
- alkyl ether reagent include bromomethane and dimethyl sulfate when R 1 is a methyl group, and bromine and jetyl sulfate when R 1 is an ethyl group.
- alkali metal compounds and alkaline earth metal compounds are preferred, and hydroxides and alkoxides of these metals are particularly preferred.
- metal hydroxides include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide Shim and so on.
- examples of the metal alkoxide include sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium ethoxide, sodium isopropoxide, strong tert-butoxide and the like.
- sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide are particularly preferred.
- solvent water or various organic solvents can be used.
- alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are preferred, and ethanol is particularly preferred.
- the alkyl etherification reaction is preferably carried out by reacting 2 fluoro 6 halophenol [D] with the alkylating reagent at the reflux temperature of the solvent for 1 to 10 hours, preferably 2 to 5 hours.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent in an alkaline atmosphere for 1 to LO times at the reflux temperature of the solvent.
- Step (5) A step of obtaining 2 alkoxy-3 fluorophenol [F] by converting the halogen atom of 1 alkoxy-2 fluoro-6-halobenzene [E] into a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis reaction or Grignard reaction.
- the halogen atom of 1 alkoxy 2-fluoro 6-halobenzene [E] is converted to a hydroxyl group by hydrolysis or Grignard reaction.
- a known method often used for converting a halogen atom of an aromatic ring into a phenolic hydroxyl group can be used.
- compound [E] can be hydrolyzed by reacting a base such as an alkali metal hydroxide to convert a halogen atom to a hydroxyl group.
- magnesium can be reacted with compound [E] to form a Grignard reagent, and this Grignard reagent can be reacted with an oxidizing agent such as alkyl perbenzoate, alkyl hydroperoxide, oxygen, etc., to finally form a hydroxyl group.
- an oxidizing agent such as alkyl perbenzoate, alkyl hydroperoxide, oxygen, etc.
- N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) can be reacted with a Grignard reagent to form an aldehyde group, and then hydrogen peroxide can be reacted with sodium hydroxide to convert the aldehyde group into a hydroxyl group.
- an alkyl perbenzoate can be reacted with a Grignard reagent to form an alkoxy group, and then the alkoxy group can be converted to a hydroxyl group at V.
- Alkyl groups in alkyl perbenzoates (hereinafter referred to as R 3 ) are usually limited to specific ones (such as tert butyl group) due to their reactivity, and therefore do not match the target R 2 described later. There are many. Therefore, the alkoxy group (OR 3 ) obtained by reacting alkyl perbenzoate is then converted to a hydroxyl group. It is preferable to replace. In the conversion of an alkoxy group to a hydroxyl group,
- alkyl group (R 3 ) is preferably a tertiary alkyl group.
- Alkoxy groups (OR 3 ) can be converted to hydroxyl groups by using p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid and other prested acids, sodium chloride aluminum, boron tribromide, trifluoride. Lewis acids such as boron halide jetyl ether complexes are used.
- the reaction of step (5) is preferably carried out by a method using a Grignard reagent, in particular, by reacting the Grignard reagent with tert butyl perbenzoate to convert it into a halogen atom 3 ⁇ 4 ert butoxy group, and then tert-butoxy group Is preferably converted to a hydroxyl group.
- a halogen atom is an iodine atom
- the hydrolysis method can be adopted.
- the halogen atom is a bromine atom
- even the fluorine atom may be hydrolyzed during the hydrolysis.
- a bromine atom is advantageous as the halogen atom, and therefore the reaction using step (5) is preferably a method using a Grignard reagent.
- Step (6) A step of alkylating a hydroxyl group of 2 alkoxy 3 fluorophenol [F] with an alkylating reagent to obtain 1, 2 dialkoxy 3 fluorobenzene [G].
- the reaction of this step (6) can be carried out in substantially the same manner as the alkyl ether of step (4).
- the hydroxyl group of compound [F] can be converted to an alkoxy group (one OR 2 ) using an alkylating reagent having an alkyl group R 2 as an alkylating reagent.
- R 1 and R 2 different alkyl groups.
- 1,2 dialkoxy-3fluorobenzene [G] is further obtained from 2 fluoro-6-halophenol [D] obtained by sequentially performing the steps (1) to (3) described above.
- the step (7) and the step (8) can be performed sequentially.
- Step (7) A step in which 3-halocatechol [H] is obtained by converting the halogen atom of 2 fluoro-6-halophenol [D] into a hydroxyl group by water decomposition or Grignard reaction.
- step (7) can be carried out in the same manner as in step (5).
- it is usually difficult to perform the reaction of step (7) by a method using a Grignard reagent it is preferable to perform the reaction by a hydrolysis method.
- the reason why it is difficult to carry out the Grignard reaction is that it is difficult to obtain a Grignard reagent that easily produces a magnesium salt even when magnesium is reacted with the compound [D] because the compound [D] has a hydroxyl group. It depends.
- hydrolysis of fluorine atoms may occur in the hydrolysis method. Therefore, in the case of the method through this step (7), the halogen atom of 2 fluoro 6 halophenol [D] is an iodine atom. I prefer that.
- Step (8) A step of alkyl etherifying two hydroxyl groups of 3 fluorocatechol [H] with an alkylating reagent to obtain 1,2 dialkoxy-3 fluorobenzene [G].
- reaction of this step (8) can be carried out in substantially the same manner as the alkyl ether of step (4).
- the two hydroxyl groups of compound [H] can be converted into alkoxy groups (one OR 1 and —OR 2 ), respectively, using an alkyl reagent.
- R 1 and R 2 in the compound] are usually the same alkyl group.
- Example 2 The same reaction process as in Example 1 was used except that 100 ml of a carbon tetrachloride solution containing 213.4 g (0.84 mol) of iodine was used instead of bromine in Step c of Example 1, and 3-fluoro —6—Eodo-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt was obtained. The yield was 79%. 2-Fluoro-6-iodophenol was obtained through the deprotection reaction of step d. The yield was 83%.
- Example 2 Fluoro 6 odor phenol is hydrolyzed to give The 1,2-jetoxy-3 fluorobenzene [G 1] was obtained by a tellurization reaction.
- 1,2 Dialkoxy 3 fluorobenzene such as 1,2 diethoxy-3 fluorobenzene obtained by the method of the present invention is useful as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals (WO02 / 0858 55, WO2004 / 078721, WO2006 / 018955 reference).
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008530790A JPWO2008023438A1 (ja) | 2006-08-25 | 2006-08-25 | 1,2−ジアルコキシ−3−フルオロベンゼンの製造方法 |
| PCT/JP2006/316753 WO2008023438A1 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2006-08-25 | Process for producing 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene |
| EP06783042A EP2055692A4 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2006-08-25 | PROCESS FOR PREPARING 1,2-DIALKOXY-3-FLUOROBENZOLE |
| US12/379,553 US7786330B2 (en) | 2005-02-28 | 2009-02-24 | Process for producing 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene |
| US12/805,138 US7928268B2 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2010-07-14 | Process for producing 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/316753 WO2008023438A1 (en) | 2006-08-25 | 2006-08-25 | Process for producing 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/379,553 Continuation US7786330B2 (en) | 2005-02-28 | 2009-02-24 | Process for producing 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008023438A1 true WO2008023438A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
Family
ID=39106532
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/316753 Ceased WO2008023438A1 (en) | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-25 | Process for producing 1,2-dialkoxy-3-fluorobenzene |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7928268B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2055692A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2008023438A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2008023438A1 (ja) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60166638A (ja) * | 1983-09-01 | 1985-08-29 | ザ ダウ ケミカル カンパニ− | 除草剤 |
| US4634705A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1987-01-06 | Abbott Laboratories | Adrenergic amidines |
| US5968865A (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1999-10-19 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Electron donor containing compositions |
| US6124507A (en) | 1997-12-10 | 2000-09-26 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Electron donors |
| WO2002085855A1 (fr) | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-31 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | Derives de 2-iminopyrrolidine |
| WO2004078721A1 (ja) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-16 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | 環状ベンズアミジン誘導体の製造方法 |
| JP2005314322A (ja) | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-10 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | カテコール誘導体およびその前駆体の製造方法 |
| WO2006018955A1 (ja) | 2004-08-16 | 2006-02-23 | Eisai R & D Management Co., Ltd. | イソインドール誘導体の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4725683A (en) | 1983-09-01 | 1988-02-16 | The Dow Chemical Company | Fluorophenoxyphenoxypropionates and derivatives thereof |
| US5968856A (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1999-10-19 | Ivoclar Ag | Sinterable lithium disilicate glass ceramic |
| ATE352319T1 (de) * | 2001-11-06 | 2007-02-15 | Novartis Pharma Gmbh | Kombination cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor/ histone deacetylase inhibitor |
| CN1301949C (zh) * | 2004-08-26 | 2007-02-28 | 大连绿源药业有限责任公司 | 2-氟-6-氯苯酚的制备方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-08-25 EP EP06783042A patent/EP2055692A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-08-25 JP JP2008530790A patent/JPWO2008023438A1/ja not_active Revoked
- 2006-08-25 WO PCT/JP2006/316753 patent/WO2008023438A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-07-14 US US12/805,138 patent/US7928268B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60166638A (ja) * | 1983-09-01 | 1985-08-29 | ザ ダウ ケミカル カンパニ− | 除草剤 |
| US4634705A (en) * | 1984-06-06 | 1987-01-06 | Abbott Laboratories | Adrenergic amidines |
| US5968865A (en) | 1997-12-10 | 1999-10-19 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Electron donor containing compositions |
| US6124507A (en) | 1997-12-10 | 2000-09-26 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Electron donors |
| US6399837B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 | 2002-06-04 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Electron donors |
| WO2002085855A1 (fr) | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-31 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | Derives de 2-iminopyrrolidine |
| WO2004078721A1 (ja) | 2003-02-19 | 2004-09-16 | Eisai Co., Ltd. | 環状ベンズアミジン誘導体の製造方法 |
| JP2005314322A (ja) | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-10 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | カテコール誘導体およびその前駆体の製造方法 |
| WO2006018955A1 (ja) | 2004-08-16 | 2006-02-23 | Eisai R & D Management Co., Ltd. | イソインドール誘導体の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| GERSHON H., MONATSHEFTE FOR CHEMIE CHEMICAL MONTHLY, vol. 130, 1999, pages 653 - 659, XP003007383 * |
| See also references of EP2055692A4 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2008023438A1 (ja) | 2010-01-07 |
| EP2055692A4 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
| US7928268B2 (en) | 2011-04-19 |
| US20100286451A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
| EP2055692A1 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
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