WO2012086700A1 - イオントフォレシス用の電極パッド - Google Patents
イオントフォレシス用の電極パッド Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012086700A1 WO2012086700A1 PCT/JP2011/079670 JP2011079670W WO2012086700A1 WO 2012086700 A1 WO2012086700 A1 WO 2012086700A1 JP 2011079670 W JP2011079670 W JP 2011079670W WO 2012086700 A1 WO2012086700 A1 WO 2012086700A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electrode pad
- drug reservoir
- adhesive sheet
- skin
- opening
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0428—Specially adapted for iontophoresis, e.g. AC, DC or including drug reservoirs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0408—Use-related aspects
- A61N1/0428—Specially adapted for iontophoresis, e.g. AC, DC or including drug reservoirs
- A61N1/0448—Drug reservoir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/0404—Electrodes for external use
- A61N1/0472—Structure-related aspects
- A61N1/0492—Patch electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/325—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M2037/0007—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin having means for enhancing the permeation of substances through the epidermis, e.g. using suction or depression, electric or magnetic fields, sound waves or chemical agents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an iontophoretic transdermal administration pad of a local anesthetic for puncture pain, and more specifically to an electrode pad for the purpose of reducing irritation in repeated use.
- lidocaine patches (usage: apply for 30 minutes before puncture) are sold for the purpose of alleviating puncture pain, etc., but these have a slow onset of action and require a long time before puncture.
- the doctor's diagnosis determines whether to administer drugs and whether to collect blood. There is almost no more than 30 minutes after the diagnosis until medication or blood sampling by injection. In order to relieve the puncture pain in such a limited time, a method of administering a local anesthetic percutaneously and rapidly is required.
- Iontophoresis a method for promoting the introduction of drugs transcutaneously using electrical energy, can introduce a large amount of local anesthetics such as lidocaine into the skin in a short time.
- a local anesthetic effect can be expected in a shorter time than the local anesthetic administration used, and it is possible to perform puncture and medical treatment without waiting for a long time in the pain relief treatment before puncture (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 2 a method of administering an anti-inflammatory agent at the same time as a drug to reduce skin irritation (Patent Document 2) and a reservoir in contact with the skin to reduce skin irritation.
- Patent Document 3 a method of reducing skin irritation by controlling voltage and current has been tried.
- Patent Document 5 discloses an electrode that uses an electrode divided into two or more and is provided with a resistance for limiting current. The current density is made uniform. Since the electrodes are provided with resistors, the apparatus becomes complicated and the cost increases.
- puncture at a medical site may be completed only once, such as a single administration of a drug or blood sampling, but may be punctured three times or more a week at a predetermined position of an arm, such as hemodialysis.
- an arm such as hemodialysis.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a safer electrode pad for pain relief, not only at the time of single administration but also at the time of repeated administration.
- ⁇ Skin irritation caused by “adhesion site” 2 ⁇ When a drug is administered by iontophoresis, current flows uniformly in healthy skin. However, in the damaged skin, the epidermis or dermis is exposed, and a site with low electrical resistance including infiltrate and blood is formed. Current flows in a concentrated manner at a portion having a low electrical resistance, and accordingly, the amount of the drug introduced becomes high, which causes skin damage.
- the site where the pasting / peeling action is repeated by the adhesive part applied to the electrode pad (hereinafter referred to as “adhesion site”) may have exfoliated skin and low electrical resistance. Many.
- repeated administration if the drug reservoir comes into contact with the “adhesion site” due to misalignment of the application position, a high concentration of drug will be introduced into the skin, causing further skin damage.
- the electrodes can be controlled without the need to control the current with complex devices and devices such as current control resistors.
- the pad it was found that skin irritation caused by iontophoresis can be greatly reduced simply by avoiding skin contact with the “interface”. That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the skin from directly contacting the “interface” where current easily flows, and as a result, the skin irritation caused by repeated iontophoresis can be greatly reduced.
- the iontophoresis electrode pad of the present invention is disposed on a sheet substrate with a “sheet substrate”, “an electrode disposed on the sheet substrate”, and “an opening provided with the electrode exposed. And “a drug reservoir containing a local anesthetic and disposed in contact with the electrode within the opening of the adhesive sheet”. And it is characterized by avoiding contact with the skin in a state where the inner peripheral surface of the opening of the adhesive sheet and the outer peripheral surface of the drug reservoir are in contact with each other, thereby mitigating skin irritation.
- the iontophoresis electrode pad has a boundary surface where the inner peripheral surface of the opening of the adhesive sheet and the outer peripheral surface of the drug reservoir abut, and the boundary surface is made of an insulating film. Cover.
- the iontophoresis electrode pad is provided with a predetermined interval (r) between the inner peripheral surface of the opening of the adhesive sheet and the outer peripheral surface of the drug reservoir.
- the reservoir thickness is substantially equal.
- the iontophoresis electrode pad configures the drug reservoir in a dome shape (a gentle curved shape lower than the hemisphere) that is higher than the thickness of the adhesive sheet.
- a dome shape a gentle curved shape lower than the hemisphere
- the sum of the electrical resistance of the drug reservoir itself and the contact electrical resistance due to contact pressure with the skin at that point is constant over the entire reservoir surface. It is preferable that
- the inner peripheral surface of the opening of the adhesive sheet and the outer peripheral surface of the drug reservoir do not come into contact with the skin.
- an area that does not contact the skin is inevitably interposed between the “part where the adhesive sheet and the skin contact” and the “part where the drug reservoir and the skin contact”. This region functions as a certain margin, and the above-mentioned ⁇ skin irritation 2 >> is also reduced. Therefore, skin irritation can be alleviated even when used repeatedly.
- FIG. 1 The figure which shows the electrode pad which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph 2 showing a skin state when the electrode pad of Example 2 is repeatedly applied to the back of a rat in Experimental Example 1.
- FIG. 1 the photograph 1 which shows the skin state when the electrode pad of Example 1 is repeatedly applied to the rat back.
- FIG. 2 is a photograph 2 showing a skin state when the electrode pad of Example 2 is repeatedly applied to the back of a rat in Experimental Example 1.
- the photograph 3 which shows the skin state when the electrode pad of a comparative example is repeatedly applied to the rat back part.
- the photograph 4 which shows the skin state when the electrode pad of Example 2 is repeatedly applied to a volunteer forearm part.
- the photograph 5 which shows the skin state when the electrode pad of Example 3 is repeatedly applied to a volunteer forearm part.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph 6 showing a skin state when the electrode pad of the comparative example is repeatedly applied to the volunteer forearm in Experimental Example 2.
- the photograph 7 which shows the skin state when the electrode pad of the reference example 2 is repeatedly applied to a volunteer forearm part.
- the present invention is characterized in that it is an iontophoresis electrode pad that is less susceptible to skin irritation (particularly skin irritation caused by repeated administration) in relieving pain during puncture. Specifically, as described in the following embodiments, avoiding contact with the skin in a state where the inner peripheral surface of the opening of the adhesive sheet and the outer peripheral surface of the drug reservoir are in contact with each other, thereby preventing skin irritation. Has eased.
- FIG. 1 ⁇ First Embodiment (FIG. 1) >> As shown in FIG. 1, the electrode 3 is disposed on the sheet substrate 1 (lower side in the figure, the same applies hereinafter). The electrode 3 protrudes laterally so that it can be connected to an external device, but has at least the same area as the drug reservoir 4 on the sheet base material. Furthermore, the adhesive sheet 2 is arrange
- the adhesive sheet 2 has a circular opening 2a, and the electrode 3 is exposed in the opening 2a, on which the drug reservoir 4 is disposed.
- the drug reservoir 4 contains a local anesthetic and is disposed in contact with the electrode 3 in the opening 2a of the adhesive sheet.
- the “boundary surface” 6 where the inner peripheral surface of the opening 2a of the adhesive sheet and the outer peripheral surface of the drug reservoir 4 abut.
- the “boundary surface” 6 is covered with an insulating film 5.
- the presence of the insulating film 5 prevents the skin from touching the “boundary surface” and prevents skin irritation [skin irritation 1 described at the beginning] from occurring.
- skin irritation [skin irritation 1 described at the beginning] from occurring.
- an insulating film layer is provided between the drug reservoir and the adhesive, a considerable distance (margin) is generated between the adhesive and the drug reservoir. Skin irritation [skin irritation 2 described at the beginning] is also less likely to occur.
- the material of the insulating film 5 polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, urethane film, or the like can be used.
- the width of the insulating film 5 is preferably 1 to 10 mm, and more preferably 2 to 5 mm. If it is 1 mm or less, the “boundary surface” cannot be covered sufficiently and it becomes impossible to prevent irritation. On the other hand, if it is 10 mm or more, the pad becomes substantially large, which is not preferable.
- this pad is used with another pad.
- the other pad is substantially the same as the pad shown in FIG. 1 except that “the drug reservoir 4 contains no drug”.
- a predetermined interval (r) is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the opening 2 a of the adhesive sheet 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the medicine reservoir 4.
- the “boundary surface” is covered with the insulating film 5, but in the second embodiment, by providing the interval (r), the “boundary surface” itself does not exist. Yes.
- the surface of the drug reservoir can be made to have a constant current density, and as a result, skin irritation [skin irritation 1 described at the beginning] can be prevented.
- the interval (r) functions as a margin, skin irritation [skin irritation 2 described at the beginning] due to displacement of the electrode pad application position is less likely to occur in repeated administration.
- the distance (r) provided between the drug reservoir 4 and the adhesive sheet 2 is preferably about 1 to 10 mm, and more preferably 2 to 5 mm. If the interval is 1 mm or less, the distance between the drug reservoir 4 and the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet 2 is too close, and in repeated administration, there is a possibility that irritation may occur due to the displacement of the electrode pad application position. On the other hand, an interval of 10 mm or more is not preferable because the pad becomes substantially large.
- seat base material 1 is comprised substantially the same. As will be described later, even if a gap (r) is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the opening 2a of the adhesive sheet 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the drug reservoir 4, the height of the drug reservoir 4 is just hemispherical. If is too high, the desired effect cannot be obtained.
- the height (thickness) of the drug reservoir 4 with respect to the sheet base 1 is configured to be larger than that of the adhesive sheet 2.
- a space is created between the adhesive sheet 2 and the skin around the reservoir 4 as much as the drug reservoir 4 is high. This space functions as a kind of margin and can relieve skin irritation [skin irritation 2 described at the beginning].
- the drug reservoir 4 is configured to be higher than the adhesive sheet 2 as in the electrode pad of the third embodiment, depending on the shape of the drug reservoir 4, the current density in the reservoir becomes non-uniform, which is the cause. May cause skin irritation.
- the sum of the electrical resistance of the drug reservoir itself and the contact electrical resistance due to the contact pressure with the skin at any point that contacts the skin on the surface of the drug reservoir is It is preferable to make the shape constant over the entire surface.
- a gentle curved surface shape (dome type / convex lens type) as shown in FIG. 3 can be exemplified.
- Reference Examples 1 and 2 described below are not preferable examples.
- the drug reservoir itself is hemispherical, but the dome shape shown in FIG. 3 is a preferable shape.
- the height of the central portion is preferably 0.1 to 15 mm higher than the surrounding member, more preferably within the range of 0.5 to 5 mm. . If the height difference is 0.1 mm or less, there is a possibility of contact between the “boundary surface” and the skin. If the height difference is 15 mm or more, the contact pressure at the center portion will depend on the electrical resistance in the drug reservoir. It is not preferable because it may increase abnormally and cause skin irritation.
- the local anesthetic used in the present invention may be any commonly used local anesthetic such as lidocaine hydrochloride, dibucaine hydrochloride, tetracaine hydrochloride, oxybuprocaine hydrochloride, procaine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and the like.
- lidocaine hydrochloride is preferred.
- the concentration of the local anesthetic in the present invention is 0.3 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 1.0% by weight.
- lidocaine If the amount of lidocaine is less than 0.3%, sufficient local anesthetic effect cannot be given, and even if it exceeds 2.0% by weight, a dramatic effect cannot be expected, and the number of drugs that are not used increases It is only done, and it becomes economically disadvantageous.
- hydrophilic polymers such as agar, gelatin, agarose, xanthan gum, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, locust bean gum, carrageenan, polyacrylic acid, pectin, glucomannan, polyacrylamide, gellan gum are blended and hydrophilic. 1-40% of the functional polymer is blended.
- preservatives such as methyl paraben and propyl paraben, wetting agents such as glycerin and propylene glycol, and purified water are appropriately mixed in the drug reservoir.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet 2 has a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on its surface, and the material of the base part thereof is polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride resin, and a laminate or foam material of these films. Used. In particular, foam materials such as polyurethane and polyethylene are preferably used. However, these can be used in combination.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet has an opening, but the cross-sectional shape is circular, elliptical, or rectangular.
- a hydrophobic adhesive such as a rubber adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, or a silicon adhesive is preferably used.
- drug gel solution and “saline gel solution” appearing in the examples will be described.
- ⁇ Conductive drug-containing gel solution hereinafter referred to as drug gel solution
- saline solution gel solution (hereinafter referred to as saline solution gel solution) ⁇ A mixture of 8 g of glycerin and 75 g of physiological saline, mixed 0.1 g of methylparaben and 0.05 g of propylparaben in 1.85 g of propylene glycol, added 15 g of polyvinyl alcohol, dissolved by heating, and then allowed to cool to room temperature. .
- FIG. 1 (Support member A) in FIG. 1 is a sheet base material 1, a silver foil 3 (thickness 0.05 mm) as an electrode disposed thereon, and a foam tape 2 (adhesive sheet: 3M product) disposed thereon. , Thickness: about 1 mm).
- a central portion of the foam tape 2 is cut into a circular shape to provide a concave portion where the silver foil is exposed, and an adhesive layer is provided on the surface of the foam tape.
- a “drug gel solution” was poured into the recess of this (support member A), and freeze-thawing was performed to create an electrode pad.
- FIG. 2 (Support member B) in FIG. 2 is different from (Support member A) of Example 1 in that a ring-shaped foam material is fitted inside the recess.
- the “drug gel solution” was poured inside the ring-shaped foam material, and the ring-shaped foam material was gently removed from the electrode pad formed by freezing and thawing to obtain the electrode pad shown in FIG. Example 3 FIG.
- Example 3 Using the same (supporting member B) as in Example 2, a glass watch glass filled with a “drug gel solution” was stuck to the central recess thereof, and the watch glass and ring were taken from the electrode pad formed by freeze-thawing. The foam material was removed to obtain an electrode pad shown in FIG. ⁇ Comparative example: Fig. 4 ⁇ The “drug gel solution” was poured into the same (supporting member A) as in Example 1, freeze-thawed, and the electrode pad shown in FIG. 4 was obtained. ⁇ Reference Example 1: Fig. 5 >> A foam material (with a release agent) having an opening aligned with the central recess was bonded to the same (supporting member A) as in Example 1.
- Example 1 skin irritation by repeated administration to rats was examined.
- a saline gel electrode pad (hereinafter referred to as a “saline patch”) prepared by pouring the “saline gel solution” into the (support member A) according to the comparative example and performing freeze-thawing is applied to the rat's hair-removed back.
- the anode of the DC power source was connected to the cathode and the cathode was connected to the saline patch, and the current was supplied at a current amount of 0.3 mA / cm 2 ⁇ 10 minutes.
- Example 2 For the electrode pads of Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example and Reference Example 2 on the inner side of the forearm of the volunteer, the skin irritation during repeated administration to humans was examined. Paste the raw patch and the pad inner forearm of volunteers, the anode of the DC power to each pad and its cathode connected to the raw patch was energized with a current amount of 0.2mA / cm 2 ⁇ 10 min. This operation was administered 9 times every other day (comparative example and reference example were administered 5 times). After the final administration, the skin reaction at the administration site was observed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Iontophoresis preparation that can safely administer local anesthetics for pain relief during puncture can be provided, and can also be used for pain relief during dialysis during hemodialysis, which is punctured every day or every other day it can.
- Sheet base material Adhesive sheet (foam tape) 3 electrodes (silver foil) 4 Drug reservoir 5 Non-adhesive insulating film 6 Interface
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Abstract
Description
この注射行為における穿刺は、患者の精神的、肉体的苦痛を引き起こすこととなる。したがって、穿刺時の疼痛を緩和することができれば、患者のQOL(quality of life)を向上させると共に、医療処置が容易となる。
医療現場では医師の診断により、薬を投与するのかどうか、採血するのかどうかが決まる。その診断後から注射による投薬あるいは採血まで、30分以上空くことはほとんどない。この様な限られた時間で、穿刺痛を緩和させるために、経皮的にかつ急速に局所麻酔薬を投与する方法が求められている。
イオントフォレシス用の電極パッドにおいて、薬剤リザーバとその周囲の部材が接触して皮膚に接触する場合、当該接触面に電流の通りやすい面ができる。水性ゲルである薬剤リザーバと周囲部材との接触面(以下、「境界面」と称す)は、水溶性被膜ができやすく、これが原因で電気が流れやすく、電流密度が高くなる傾向にある。イオントフォレシス適用時に、皮膚が「境界面」に接触すると、電流が多く流れ、導入される薬物が高濃度となり、皮膚損傷の原因となる。
イオントフォレシスにより薬物を投与する際、健常な皮膚では、電流が一様に流れる。しかしながら、損傷皮膚では、表皮または真皮がむき出しになり、浸潤液や血液なども含め電気抵抗が低い部位ができる。そして電流がその電気抵抗の低い部位に集中して流れ、それに伴い薬物導入量も高くなり、それが皮膚損傷の原因となる。
特に反復投与の場合、電極パッドに塗布されている粘着剤部分によって貼付/剥離行為が繰り返される部位(以下、「接着部位」と称す)は、角質が剥離され電気抵抗が低くなっている場合が多い。反復投与時、貼付位置のズレが原因で、薬剤リザーバが「接着部位」に接触した場合、高濃度の薬物が皮膚内に導入されることとなり、さらなる皮膚損傷を引き起こす。
そして、粘着シートの開口の内周面と薬剤リザーバの外周面とが当接した状態で皮膚に接触することを避け、これにより、皮膚刺激を緩和することを特徴としている。
この場合、特に、薬剤リザーバ表面の皮膚と接触する任意の点について、薬剤リザーバ自体の電気抵抗と、当該点における皮膚との接触圧による接触電気抵抗との和が、リザーバ表面全体に渡って一定となることが好ましい。
また、「粘着シートと皮膚とが接触する部位」と「薬剤リザーバと皮膚とが接触する部位」との間に、必然的に、皮膚と接触しない領域が介在することとなる。この領域がある種のマージンとして機能し、上述した≪皮膚刺激2≫も軽減される。
したがって、反復使用した場合でも皮膚刺激を緩和できる。
図1に示したように、シート基材1上(図においては下側。以下同じ)に電極3が配置されている。電極3は、外部装置に接続できるよう側方に突出しているが、シート基材上では、少なくとも薬剤リザーバ4と同じ面積の拡がりを有する。
さらにその上には、粘着シート2が配置される。粘着シート2は表面に粘着層を備えており、この粘着層をもって、皮膚に固定される。
1mm以下であると「境界面」を確実に十分に被覆できず、刺激を防止することが不可能となる。また、10mm以上とすると実質的にパッドが大きくなり好ましくない。
実際のイオントフォレシス適用の際には、このパッドは、もう1つの別のパッドと共に使用される。当該別のパッドは、「薬剤リザーバ4に薬物を含まない」以外は、実質的に図1に示したパッドと同じものである。
2つのパッドを皮膚に貼り付け、外部装置を用いて、薬剤リザーバ4から皮膚内に向けて電流を流すと、電気エネルギーにより局所麻酔剤が経皮投与される。
以下に説明する、第2、第3の実施形態についても同様である。
第2実施形態では、図2に示したように、粘着シート2の開口2aの内周面と、薬剤リザーバ4の外周面との間に、所定の間隔(r)を設けている。第1実施形態では、絶縁フィルム5を用いて「境界面」を覆っていたが、この第2実施形態では、間隔(r)を設けることで、「境界面」自体が存在しない構成をとっている。
このように、電流密度の高い部分(「境界面」)が存在しなくなるので、薬剤リザーバの表面を一定の電流密度にでき、その結果、皮膚刺激〔冒頭で説明した皮膚刺激1〕を防止できる。
さらに、間隔(r)がマージンとして機能するので、反復投与において、電極パッドの貼付位置のズレによる皮膚刺激〔冒頭で説明した皮膚刺激2〕も生じにくくなる。
第3実施形態では、シート基材1を基準とした薬剤リザーバ4の高さ(厚み)を、粘着シート2のそれよりも大きく構成している。電極パッドを皮膚に貼り付けた場合に、薬剤リザーバ4が高い分だけ、当該リザーバ4の周辺において、粘着シート2と皮膚との間に空間が生じる。この空間は、一種のマージンとして機能し、皮膚刺激〔冒頭で説明した皮膚刺激2〕を緩和することができる。
≪参考例1:図5≫
例えば、薬剤リザーバが円柱形状等である場合は、接触圧が不均一となるため、その角部が皮膚に接触する部分に過度な電流が流れ、皮膚刺激の原因となる可能性がある。
≪参考例2:図6≫
また、薬剤リザーバ自体の電気抵抗が低いにもかかわらず、薬剤リザーバの中心部の高さを、周囲部材の高さより、高く設けすぎると、薬剤リザーバの中心部分の皮膚接触圧が周囲と比較して異常に高くなり、その結果、中央部分に過剰の電流が集中し、皮膚刺激が生じる可能性があるため好ましくない。
ドーム状の場合、薬剤リザーバの直径を5~40mmとすれば、中心部分の高さは周囲部材より0.1~15mm高くするのが好ましく、より好ましくは0.5~5mmの範囲内である。高低差が0.1mm以下であると「境界面」と皮膚とが接触する可能性があり、高低差を15mm以上とすると、薬剤リザーバ中の電気抵抗にもよるが、中心部分の接触圧が異常に高まり、皮膚刺激の原因となる可能性があり好ましくない。
本発明に用いられる局所麻酔剤は、一般的に用いられている局所麻酔剤であればよく、例えば塩酸リドカイン、塩酸ジブカイン、塩酸テトラカイン、塩酸オキシブプロカイン、塩酸プロカイン、塩酸ブピバカイン等が挙げられるが、塩酸リドカインが好ましい。
本発明における局所麻酔剤の配合濃度は、0.3~2重量%であり、より好ましくは0.5~1.0重量%である。リドカインの配合量が0.3%未満であると十分な局所麻酔効果を与えることができず、2.0重量%を越えて配合しても飛躍的な効果は望めず、使用されない薬物が増加するばかりであり、経済的にも不利となる。
本発明における薬剤リザーバ4においては、寒天、ゼラチン、アガロース、キサンタンガム、ポリビニルピロリドン、ローカストビーンガム、カラギーナン、ポリアクリル酸、ペクチン、グルコマンナン、ポリアクリルアミド、ジェランガム等の親水性高分子が配合され、親水性高分子は1~40%配合される。
その他薬剤リザーバには、メチルパラベン、プロピルパラベン等の保存剤、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール等の湿潤剤、及び精製水等が適宜適量配合される。
粘着シート2は、その表面に粘着層を有するものであるが、その土台となる部分の材質としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、塩化ビニル樹脂、およびこれらのフィルムの積層物あるいは発泡材等が用いられる。特に、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレンなどの発泡材が好ましく用いられる。ただし、これらを複合的に用いる事も可能である。
粘着シートは開口を有するが、その断面形状が円形、楕円形、四角形状のものが用いられる。
また、表面の粘着層には、ゴム系粘着剤、アクリル系粘着剤、あるいはシリコン系粘着剤等の疎水性粘着剤が好ましく用いられる。
≪導電性薬物含有ゲル溶液(以下、薬物ゲル溶液)≫
塩酸リドカイン0.5gとグリセリン8gを精製水74.5gに溶解し、メチルパラベン0.1gとプロピルパラベン0.05gをプロピレングリコール1.85gに溶解したものを混合し、ポリビニルアルコール15gを加え、加熱溶解後、室温まで放冷した。
≪生理食塩水ゲル溶液(以下、生食ゲル溶液)≫
グリセリン8gと生理食塩水75gを混合し、メチルパラベン0.1gとプロピルパラベン0.05gをプロピレングリコール1.85gに溶解したものを混合し、ポリビニルアルコール15gを加え、加熱溶解後、室温まで放冷した。
図1中の(支持部材A)は、シート基材1と、その上に配置した電極としての銀箔3(厚み0.05mm)と、さらにその上に配置したフォームテープ2(粘着シート:3M製、厚み:約1mm)とで構成される。フォームテープ2の中央部は円形に切除して銀箔が露出する凹部が設けられており、フォームテープの表面には、粘着層が設けられている。
この(支持部材A)の凹部に、「薬物ゲル溶液」を流し込み、凍結解凍を行って電極パッドを作成した。さらに、フォームテープと「薬物ゲル溶液」の境界をリング状のウレタンフィルム(絶縁フィルム5)で覆って、図1に示す電極パッドとした。
≪実施例2:図2≫
図2中の(支持部材B)は、実施例1の(支持部材A)に対して、凹部の内側にリング状のフォーム材をはめ込んだ点が異なる。
このリング状のフォーム材の内側に、「薬物ゲル溶液」を流し込み、凍結解凍を行ってできた電極パッドから、リング状のフォーム材を静かに取り外して、図2に示す電極パッドとした。
≪実施例3:図3≫
実施例2と同じ(支持部材B)を使用し、その中央凹部に、「薬物ゲル溶液」を充填したガラス製時計皿を貼り合わせ、凍結解凍を行ってできた電極パッドから、時計皿とリング状フォーム材を取り外し、図3に示す電極パッドとした。
≪比較例:図4≫
実施例1と同じ(支持部材A)に「薬物ゲル溶液」を流し込み、凍結解凍を行って、図4に示す電極パッドとした。
≪参考例1:図5≫
実施例1と同じ(支持部材A)に、その中央凹部と整合する開口を有する(剥離剤付き)フォーム材を貼り合わせた。開口内に「薬物ゲル溶液」を流し込み、凍結解凍を行ってできた電極パッドから、上記(剥離剤付き)フォーム材を静かに取り外し、図5に示す電極パッドとした。
≪参考例2:図6≫
ガラス製時計皿に代えて半球状製氷皿を使用した以外は、実施例3と同じようにして、図6に示す電極パッドとした。
≪実験例1≫
実施例1、2と比較例の電極パッドについて、ラットに対する反復投与による皮膚刺激性を検討した。「生食ゲル溶液」を、比較例にならって(支持部材A)に流し込み、凍結解凍を行って作製した生理食塩水ゲル電極パッド(以下、生食パッチ)をラットの除毛した背部に貼り、パッドに直流電源の陽極を、生食パッチに陰極を接続して、0.3mA/cm2×10分の電流量で通電した。この操作を毎日1回5日間行い、投与部位の皮膚反応を観察した。その結果を表1に示す。
結果に示すように、比較例は、3回あるいは4回投与後にゲル周囲に火傷様刺激が生じ、5回投与後には重度の火傷様刺激が累積され(写真3)、投与後数日間、消失しなかった。実施例1や2についても刺激は見られたが、それは比較例よりは軽度なものであった(写真1、2)。
ボランティアの前腕内側に、実施例2、3と比較例、および参考例2の電極パッドについて、ヒトに対する反復投与時の皮膚刺激性を検討した。各パッドと生食パッチをボランティアの前腕内側に貼り、各パッドに直流電源の陽極を、生食パッチに陰極を接続して、0.2mA/cm2×10分の電流量で通電した。この操作を1日おきに9回投与した(比較例および参考例は、5回投与)。最終投与後、その投与部位の皮膚反応を観察した。その結果を表2に示す。
比較例および参考例は、各実施例よりも少ない通電回数であるにもかかわらず、比較例はゲル周囲に、参考例はゲル中心部に、それぞれ強い火傷様刺激が生じた(写真6及び7)。一方、実施例2では紅斑が生じたが(写真4)が、数日後には消失する軽度なものであった。また、実施例3においても紅斑が生じたが(写真5)、こちらも次の日には消失する、軽度なものであった。
2 粘着シート(フォームテープ)
3 電極(銀箔)
4 薬剤リザーバ
5 非粘着性絶縁フィルム
6 境界面
Claims (8)
- シート基材と、
シート基材上に配置される電極と、
開口を備え当該開口内に電極を露出させた状態でシート基材上に配置される粘着シートと、
局所麻酔剤を含有し、粘着シートの開口内で電極に接触した状態で配置される薬剤リザーバと、を備え、
粘着シートの開口の内周面と薬剤リザーバの外周面とが当接した状態で皮膚に接触することを避け、これにより、皮膚刺激を緩和することを特徴とする、イオントフォレシス電極パッド。 - 上記粘着シートの開口の内周面と薬剤リザーバの外周面とが当接する境界面を有しており、当該境界面を絶縁フィルムで被覆したことを特徴とする、請求項1記載のイオントフォレシス電極パッド。
- 上記粘着シートの開口が円形であって、絶縁フィルムは幅1~10mmのリング状であることを特徴とする、請求項2記載のイオントフォレシス電極パッド。
- 上記粘着シートの開口の内周面と、薬剤リザーバの外周面との間に、所定の間隔(r)を設け、
粘着シートおよび薬剤リザーバの厚みを実質的に等しくしたことを特徴とする、請求項1記載のイオントフォレシス電極パッド。 - 上記間隔(r)が1~10mmである、請求項4記載のイオントフォレシス電極パッド。
- 上記薬剤リザーバを、粘着シートの厚みよりも高いドーム型に構成したことを特徴とする、請求項1記載のイオントフォレシス電極パッド。
- 上記ドーム型の薬剤リザーバは、当該リザーバ表面の皮膚と接触する任意の点について、薬剤リザーバ自体の電気抵抗と、当該点における皮膚との接触圧による接触電気抵抗との和が、リザーバ表面全体に渡って一定となる形状を有することを特徴とする、請求項6記載のイオントフォレシス電極パッド。
- 上記粘着シートの開口の内周面と、薬剤リザーバの外周面との間に、所定の間隔(r)を設けたことを特徴とする、請求項6または7記載のイオントフォレシス電極パッド。
Priority Applications (9)
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|---|---|---|---|
| US13/995,720 US10342968B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | Electrode pad used for iontophoresis treatment |
| CN201180061853.0A CN103269748B (zh) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | 用于电离子透入疗法治疗的电极垫 |
| KR1020197005574A KR102244825B1 (ko) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | 이온 도입 치료법에 사용되는 전극 패드 |
| CA2821896A CA2821896C (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | Electrode pad used for iontophoresis treatment |
| AU2011345942A AU2011345942B2 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | Electrode pad for iontophoresis |
| EP11850105.5A EP2656872B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | Electrode pad for iontophoresis |
| EP18169101.5A EP3378527B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | Electrode pad used for iontophoresis treatment |
| KR1020137017443A KR20140022783A (ko) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | 이온 도입 치료법에 사용되는 전극 패드 |
| JP2012549851A JP5870037B2 (ja) | 2010-12-22 | 2011-12-21 | イオントフォレシス用の電極パッド |
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| JP2010285848 | 2010-12-22 | ||
| JP2010-285848 | 2010-12-22 |
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| EP (2) | EP3378527B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP5870037B2 (ja) |
| KR (2) | KR20140022783A (ja) |
| CN (3) | CN104606776B (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2011345942B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2821896C (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI558432B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012086700A1 (ja) |
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| CN113577528A (zh) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | 一种结合触压或拍打透皮给药的压电驻极体给药贴剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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2011
- 2011-12-21 US US13/995,720 patent/US10342968B2/en active Active
- 2011-12-21 EP EP18169101.5A patent/EP3378527B1/en active Active
- 2011-12-21 JP JP2012549851A patent/JP5870037B2/ja active Active
- 2011-12-21 KR KR1020137017443A patent/KR20140022783A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2011-12-21 WO PCT/JP2011/079670 patent/WO2012086700A1/ja not_active Ceased
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- 2011-12-21 AU AU2011345942A patent/AU2011345942B2/en active Active
- 2011-12-21 KR KR1020197005574A patent/KR102244825B1/ko active Active
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2015
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| US4141359A (en) | 1976-08-16 | 1979-02-27 | University Of Utah | Epidermal iontophoresis device |
| JPH05245214A (ja) | 1991-12-17 | 1993-09-24 | Becton Dickinson & Co | 皮膚刺激を減ずる特徴を有するイオン導入システム |
| JPH09504191A (ja) | 1993-09-03 | 1997-04-28 | アルザ・コーポレーション | 電気駆動中の皮膚刺激と皮膚抵抗との軽減方法 |
| JPH09511167A (ja) | 1994-03-30 | 1997-11-11 | アルザ・コーポレーション | 電気的移送式投与中の皮膚刺激状態の軽減 |
| JP2000024121A (ja) | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-25 | Nitto Denko Corp | 電極構造体 |
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| FDA HOME PAGE, pages 35 - 37, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda-docs/nda/2004/021504 s000_Lidosite_PharmR.pdf> |
| See also references of EP2656872A4 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014184137A (ja) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-10-02 | Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd | イオントフォレシスで麻酔剤(局所麻酔薬)を導入する際に使用するパッチ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103269748A (zh) | 2013-08-28 |
| JP5870037B2 (ja) | 2016-02-24 |
| CN104606776A (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
| EP3378527A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
| EP2656872A4 (en) | 2014-06-04 |
| JPWO2012086700A1 (ja) | 2014-05-22 |
| JP2015211904A (ja) | 2015-11-26 |
| TW201238620A (en) | 2012-10-01 |
| US10342968B2 (en) | 2019-07-09 |
| CA2821896A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
| KR20140022783A (ko) | 2014-02-25 |
| AU2011345942B2 (en) | 2016-03-10 |
| KR102244825B1 (ko) | 2021-04-26 |
| US20130310733A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
| EP3378527B1 (en) | 2022-10-05 |
| TWI558432B (zh) | 2016-11-21 |
| CA2821896C (en) | 2020-07-14 |
| AU2011345942A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
| CN104524688A (zh) | 2015-04-22 |
| CN103269748B (zh) | 2016-02-17 |
| EP2656872A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
| EP2656872B1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
| CN104524688B (zh) | 2017-01-04 |
| KR20190021499A (ko) | 2019-03-05 |
| CN104606776B (zh) | 2017-06-16 |
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