WO2012122746A1 - 一种2,3-二氯吡啶的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种2,3-二氯吡啶的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2012122746A1
WO2012122746A1 PCT/CN2011/075369 CN2011075369W WO2012122746A1 WO 2012122746 A1 WO2012122746 A1 WO 2012122746A1 CN 2011075369 W CN2011075369 W CN 2011075369W WO 2012122746 A1 WO2012122746 A1 WO 2012122746A1
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acid
group
catalyst
reaction
dichloropyridine
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French (fr)
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王萍
樊小彬
张俊涛
叶芳胜
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Jiangsu Lianhe Chemical Technology Co Ltd
Lianhe Chemical Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Lianhe Chemical Technology Co Ltd
Lianhe Chemical Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to EP11861242.3A priority Critical patent/EP2687510B1/en
Priority to ES11861242.3T priority patent/ES2573136T3/es
Publication of WO2012122746A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012122746A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/61Halogen atoms or nitro radicals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chemical synthesis method, in particular to a preparation method of an important fine chemical intermediate 2,3-dichloropyridine widely used in the fields of medicine and pesticide.
  • 2, 3-Dichloropyridine is an important fine chemical intermediate. It is widely used in the fields of medicine and pesticides. The synthesis methods of 2,3-dichloropyridine have been reported at home and abroad. The chemical processes of these methods have their own Different, there are mainly the following:
  • Liquid phase chlorination of pyridine or pyridine hydrochloride is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,515,953 and U.S. Patent No. 6,652,177.
  • the product obtained by this method contains, in addition to 2,3-dichloropyridine, a mixture of many other chlorinated pyridines, and the method requires a multi-step purification step to obtain 2,3-dichloropyridine.
  • a four-step process for preparing 2,3-dichloropyridine is disclosed in the patent document of WO2005070888, wherein 3-amino-2-chloropyridine is contacted with an alkali metal nitrite in an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution to form a diazonium salt; It is then decomposed in the presence of a copper catalyst (where at least about 50% of the copper is in the presence of the copper (II) oxidation state) and optionally an organic solvent to give 2,3- Dichloropyridine.
  • a copper catalyst where at least about 50% of the copper is in the presence of the copper (II) oxidation state
  • organic solvent optionally an organic solvent
  • the 3-amino-2-chloropyridine used in the process is prepared in three steps, including Hofmann rearrangement of nicotinamide to give 3-aminopyridine, which is contacted with hydrochloric acid to form 3-aminopyridine hydrochloride: 3-
  • the aminopyridine hydrochloride is chlorinated with a chlorinating agent, i.e., chlorine, or a mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide to form 3-amino-2-chloropyridine.
  • the preparation of 2,3-dichloropyridine in the prior art is mainly carried out by the method of chlorination, diazotization and hydrolysis of chloro by 3-aminopyridine as a starting material, and the synthesis method has more steps.
  • the production cost of 3-aminopyridine as a starting material is also high, and the diazotization and chlorination operations also generate a large amount of waste liquid, which is serious to the environment and restricts the industrial production scale of the product.
  • the present invention provides a raw material which is cheap and easy to obtain, and has a simple process.
  • a new preparation method of 2,3-dichloropyridine which is high in yield and environmentally friendly and suitable for industrial production.
  • the preparation method of 2,3-dichloropyridine of the invention comprises the following steps
  • Chlorination reaction 2, 6-dichloropyridine is used as a raw material, mixed with the catalyst, and then heated. Chlorine gas is introduced to carry out chlorination reaction. After the reaction is sufficient, the temperature is lowered and the distillation is carried out under reduced pressure to obtain 2, 3, 6 -trichloropyridine;
  • the catalyst in the chlorination reaction is selected from a common Lewis acid: sulfur trioxide, boron trifluoride, ferric chloride or aluminum trichloride, and the amount of the catalyst is 2,6-dichloropyridine molar amount. 01 ⁇ 0. 50 ⁇ 0. 01 ⁇ 1. 00 times, preferably 0. 01 ⁇ 0. 50 times.
  • the temperature in the chlorination reaction is usually from 50 to 300 ° C, preferably from 100 to 200 ° C.
  • the low concentration distillate produced in the rectification process in the chlorination reaction can also be applied to the next batch for re-reaction or application. Re-rectification and purification in the next batch.
  • the obtained 2, 3, 6-trichloropyridine is added to the reactor with an acid binding agent, a metal catalyst, and an organic solvent, and the hydrogenation reaction is carried out by introducing hydrogen gas at a pressure range of 0 to 10 MPa.
  • the pH of the reaction liquid was measured to be 4 to 8, the hydrogen gas was stopped.
  • the molar ratio of the 2, 3, 6-trichloropyridine and the acid binding agent is 1: 0. 1 ⁇ 0. 5, preferably 1 : 0. 3 ⁇ 0.
  • the pressure in the hydrogenation reaction is preferably in the range of 0 to 5 MPa.
  • the reaction temperature in the hydrogenation is usually from 20 to 200 ° C, preferably from 20 to 150. C.
  • the acid binding agent in the hydrogenation reaction is selected from an organic base or an inorganic base compound.
  • the organic base compound is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, triethylamine, an alkali metal salt of an alcohol, a lithium metal hydride compound or an amine lithium compound; preferably pyridine or triethylamine.
  • the alkali metal salt of the alcohol is one selected from the group consisting of sodium methoxide, potassium ethoxide or potassium t-butoxide;
  • the lithium metal hydride compound is one selected from the group consisting of butyl lithium or phenyl lithium; and the amine lithium compound is selected from the group consisting of Lithium diisopropylamide or lithium hexamethyldisilazide;
  • the hydroxide of the alkali metal is selected from sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide;
  • the alkali metal carbonate and hydrogencarbonate are selected from carbonic acid One of sodium, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate or potassium hydrogencarbonate;
  • the acetate is selected from sodium acetate or potassium acetate.
  • the inorganic base compound is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, hydrogencarbonates, and acetates.
  • the metal catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction is selected from one of a single metal catalyst, a multimetal catalyst, a supported or unsupported metal catalyst.
  • the single metal catalyst is selected from one of platinum, palladium, cobalt or nickel;
  • the multimetal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of binary alloy catalysts such as copper-nickel, copper-palladium, palladium-silver, platinum-gold or platinum-copper.
  • the supported metal catalyst is selected from platinum carbon or palladium carbon;
  • the unsupported metal catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Raney nickel, Raney copper or Raney cobalt; preferably platinum carbon, palladium carbon, One of Raney Nickel or Raney Copper.
  • the organic solvent in the hydrogenation reaction is selected from the group consisting of esters, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, nitriles, or any mixture of several; the esters are selected from methyl acetate, ethyl acetate or butyl acetate.
  • the ether is selected from the group consisting of diethyl ether and methyl Tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or p-dioxin, the aromatic hydrocarbon being selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene or chlorobenzene, the nitrile being selected from acetonitrile or propionitrile; preferably toluene or ethyl acetate.
  • Post-treatment operation The above reaction solution is cooled to room temperature, water is added to dissolve the acid-binding agent hydrochloride, filtered, and the filtrate is allowed to stand for separation. After separating the aqueous layer, the organic solvent layer is extracted with aqueous acid at least three times, and then The extracted aqueous acid layer is combined and diluted with water to precipitate a solid, which is filtered to obtain a wet product of 2,3-dichloropyridine, and the wet product is dried to obtain a 2,3-dichloropyridine product.
  • the catalyst which is filtered after adding water to dissolve the acid-binding agent hydrochloride in the post-treatment operation can be recovered and applied.
  • the organic solvent layer in the post-treatment operation can also be recovered as the next batch of raw materials by the addition of 2,3,6-trichloropyridine and an organic solvent.
  • the aqueous acid in the post-treatment operation is selected from one of a water-soluble inorganic acid or an organic acid; the inorganic acid is selected from one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid; and the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of lower carboxylic acid Acid: One of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid or n-valeric acid.
  • the molar ratio of the aqueous acid to the 2,3,6-trichloropyridine in the post-treatment operation is from 1 to 5:1.
  • organic acid in the post-treatment operation may also be selected from salicylic acid or benzenesulfonic acid.
  • reaction formula of the present invention (see Fig. 1): chlorination with chlorine gas using 2,6-dichloropyridine as a starting material to obtain 2,3,6-trichloropyridine, and then 2, 3, 6- The trichloropyridine is hydrogenated and reduced to prepare 2,3-dichloropyridine.
  • the process route of the invention is novel and simple, and adopts high-efficiency separation and recovery technology, reduces production cost and is environmentally friendly, and is a green process adapted to industrial production.
  • Fig. 1 is a reaction diagram of the present invention.
  • 2,6-dichloropyridine 1480 0g and anhydrous FeCl 3 89. 2g in 2000ml four-necked flask mixed and warmed up, when the temperature reaches 100 ⁇ 120 ⁇ , chlorine gas is introduced, after the reaction is sufficient, the temperature is lowered to 10CTC. Vacuum distillation, collecting product fractions at -0.1MPa, top temperature 118 ⁇ 124°C, low concentration distillate produced during rectification can be applied to the next batch for re-reaction or application to the next batch of re-distillation purification . 5% ⁇ Purity 99. 5%. After the application, the final yield is 2,3,6-trichloropyridine 1715. 0g, the total yield after the application is 94.0%, the purity is 99. 5%.
  • the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and 420 g of water was added to dissolve triethylamine hydrochloride.
  • the mixture was filtered, and 30 g of water and 30 g of toluene were added to wash the filter cake.
  • the filter cake was palladium on carbon and was recovered for use.
  • the filtrate was allowed to stand for separation, and the aqueous layer was separated, and then the toluene layer was extracted three times with 200 g of hydrochloric acid.
  • the extracted solution was replenished with 2, 3, 6-trichloropyridine and toluene and recycled to the next batch.
  • the extracted hydrochloric acid layer is combined and diluted with water to be added to 1630 g, and a solid product is precipitated.
  • the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, 400 g of water was added to dissolve pyridine hydrochloride, filtered, and 30 g of water and 30 g of toluene were added to wash the cake, and the cake was palladium on carbon.
  • the filtrate was allowed to stand for separation, and the aqueous layer was separated, and then the toluene layer was extracted three times with 200 g of hydrochloric acid.
  • the extracted solution can be recycled to the next batch by adding 2,3,6-trichloropyridine and toluene.
  • the extracted hydrochloric acid layers are combined and diluted with water to be diluted with 1,650 g, and a solid product is precipitated.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pyridine Compounds (AREA)

Description

一种 2, 3-二氯吡啶的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种化学合成方法,具体地说涉及一种广泛应用在医药与农药领域的重 要精细化工中间体 2, 3-二氯吡啶的制备方法。
背景技术
2, 3-二氯吡啶是一种重要的精细化工中间体, 它广泛应用在医药和农药领域, 关 于 2, 3-二氯吡啶的合成方法国内外均有报道, 这些方法的化学过程各有不同, 主要有 以下几种:
1、在 US4515953和 SU652177专利文献中均公开了吡啶或盐酸吡啶的液相氯化。但 是, 该方法得到的产物除了 2, 3-二氯吡啶, 还包括其它许多氯代的吡啶混合物, 而且 该方法需要多步纯化步骤萃取后才能得到 2, 3-二氯吡啶。
2、 在 US62242631专利文献中以及 Bay等人在 J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 12, 2858-9的 研究论文公开了用苯基四氯化膦 (phenylphosphorous tetrachloride ) (PPTC)和苯基 二氯化膦 (benzenephosphorous dichloride ) (BP0D)卤化 2 -氯- 3-硝基吡啶制备 2, 3- 二氯吡啶的方法。
3 、 Den Hertog 等人在 Rec. Des Trav. Chimi. Des Pays-Bas et de la Belgique, 1950, 69, 673-99中也公开了几种氯吡啶衍生物的制备, 主要是通过用亚硝酸 钠、 铜粉和盐酸处理 2-氯 -3-氨基吡啶来制备 2, 3-二氯吡啶的方法。 但是, 在该文献中 却没有明确公开萃取和纯化 2, 3-二氯吡啶的步骤。
4、在 W02005070888的专利文献中公开了制备 2, 3-二氯吡啶的四步方法,其中在盐 酸水溶液中将 3-氨基- 2-氯吡啶与碱金属的亚硝酸盐接触生成重氮盐; 然后在铜催化剂 (其中至少约 50%的铜是铜( II )氧化态的存在)和任选有机溶剂存在下分解得到 2, 3- 二氯吡啶。 该方法中所用 3-氨基- 2-氯吡啶用三步制备, 包括烟酰胺的霍夫曼重排得到 3 -氨基吡啶, 3-氨基吡啶与盐酸接触形成 3-氨基吡啶盐酸盐: 3-氨基吡啶盐酸盐用氯化 剂即氯, 或盐酸和过氧化氢的混合物氯化生成 3-氨基- 2-氯吡啶。
5、 在 CN1807414和 CN101302190专利文献中公开的是以 3-氨基吡啶为起始原料, 在浓盐酸和双氧水存在下, 用亚硝酸钠重氮化得到重氮盐, 该重氮盐再氯化得到 2,3- 二氯吡啶。 该发明各中间产物不纯化、 不起锅, 在同一只反应锅中完成全部工序, 用常 规方法分离提纯。
综上所述, 现有技术中 2, 3-二氯吡啶的制备主要是以 3-氨基吡啶为起始原料经氯 代、重氮化再水解氯代的方法合成, 该合成方法步骤较多, 以 3-氨基吡啶为起始原料的 生产成本也较高, 而且重氮化、 氯化操作也会产生大量废液, 对环境污染严重, 制约了 该产品的工业化生产规模。
发明内容
有鉴于此, 为了解决上述现有 2, 3-二氯吡啶的制备方法中存在的原料价格高, 合成步骤较多, 反应类型复杂等问题, 本发明提供一种原料价廉易得, 工艺简便, 收率 高且对环境友好, 适于工业化生产的 2, 3-二氯吡啶的新的制备方法。
本发明一种 2, 3-二氯吡啶的制备方法包括如下步骤
A、 氯化反应: 以 2, 6-二氯吡啶为原料, 与催化剂混合后升温, 通入氯气进行氯化 反应, 待反应充分后, 降温、 减压精馏, 即得 2, 3 , 6-三氯吡啶;
进一步地,
所述氯化反应中的催化剂选自一种常见的 Lewis酸: 三氧化硫、 三氟化硼、 三氯化 铁或三氯化铝, 该催化剂的用量为 2, 6-二氯吡啶摩尔用量的 0. 01〜1. 00 倍, 优选 0. 01〜0. 50倍。
所述氯化反应中的温度通常是 50-300 °C, 优选 100〜200°C。
所述氯化反应中的精馏过程中产生的低浓度馏出液还可套用至下批重新反应或套用 至下批重新精馏提纯。
B、 氢化反应: 将所得 2, 3 , 6-三氯吡啶与缚酸剂、 金属催化剂、 有机溶剂投至反 应器中,在压力范围为 0- lOMPa下,升温后通入氢气进行氢化反应,测得反应液 pH为 4〜 8时, 停止通氢气。 所述 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶与缚酸剂的摩尔比为 1 : 0. 1〜0. 5, 优选 1 : 0. 3〜0. 5。
氢化反应中的压力范围优选 0- 5MPa。 氢化中的反应温度通常是 20- 200 °C, 优选 20-150 。C。
进一步地,
所述氢化反应中的缚酸剂选自有机碱或无机碱化合物。 所述有机碱化合物选自吡 啶、 三乙胺、 醇的碱金属盐类、 垸基金属锂化合物或胺基锂化合物中的一种; 优选吡啶 或三乙胺。
其中, 醇的碱金属盐类选自甲醇钠、 乙醇钾或叔丁醇钾中的一种; 垸基金属锂化合 物选自丁基锂或苯基锂中的一种;胺基锂化合物选自二异丙基胺基锂或六甲基二硅胺基 锂; 所述碱金属的氢氧化物类选自氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾; 碱金属的碳酸盐类和碳酸氢盐 类选自碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾中的一种; 乙酸盐类选自乙酸钠或乙酸钾。 所述无机碱化合物选自碱金属的氢氧化物类、碱金属的碳酸盐类和碳酸氢盐类、 乙酸盐 类中的一种。
所述氢化反应中的金属催化剂选自单金属催化剂、 多金属催化剂、 负载型或非负载 型金属催化剂中的一种。 所述单金属催化剂选自铂、 钯、 钴或镍中的一种; 所述多金属 催化剂选自二元合金催化剂铜-镍、 铜 -钯、 钯 -银、 铂-金或铂-铜中的一种; 所述负载 型金属催化剂选自铂炭或钯炭; 所述非负载型金属催化剂选自雷尼镍、雷尼铜或雷尼钴 中的一种; 优选铂炭、 钯炭、 雷尼镍或雷尼铜中的一种。
所述氢化反应中的有机溶剂选自酯类、 醚类、 芳烃类、 腈类中的一种, 或者几种的 任意混合物; 所述酯类选自乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯, 所述醚类选自乙醚、 甲基 叔丁基醚、 四氢呋喃或对二噁垸, 所述芳烃类选自苯、 甲苯或氯苯, 所述腈类选自乙腈 或丙腈; 优选甲苯或乙酸乙酯。
c、 后处理操作: 将上述反应液降至室温, 加水溶解缚酸剂盐酸盐, 过滤, 将滤液静 置分层, 分离水层后, 将有机溶剂层用含水酸萃取至少三次以上, 再将萃取后的含水酸 层合并起来加水稀释, 析出固体, 过滤, 得 2, 3-二氯吡啶湿品, 将该湿品烘干, 即得 2, 3-二氯吡啶产品。
进一步地,
所述后处理操作中加水溶解缚酸剂盐酸盐后过滤出的催化剂可回收套用。
所述后处理操作中的有机溶剂层通过补加 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶和有机溶剂还可回收作 为下批原料。
所述后处理操中的含水酸选自可溶于水的无机酸或有机酸中的一种; 无机酸选自盐 酸、 硫酸、 碳酸、 磷酸或硝酸中的一种; 有机酸选自低级羧酸: 甲酸、 乙酸、 丙酸、 正 丁酸或正戊酸中的一种。
所述后处理操作中的含水酸与 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶摩尔比为 1〜5 : 1。
更进一步地, 所述后处理操作中的有机酸还可选自水杨酸或苯磺酸。
本发明的反应式中 (见图 1 ): 以 2, 6-二氯吡啶为起始原料与氯气发生氯化反应, 得到 2, 3, 6 -三氯吡啶, 再将 2 , 3, 6-三氯吡啶加氢还原制备得到 2, 3-二氯吡啶。 由 此可见, 本发明的工艺路线新颖简单, 且采用高效分离回收技术, 降低生产成本的同时 对环境友好, 是一条适应工业化生产的绿色工艺。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的反应式图。
下面再以实施例方式对本发明作进一步说明, 给出本发明的实施细节, 但是并不是 旨在限定本发明的保护范围。
具体实施方式 例 1
氯化反应
称取 2, 6-二氯吡啶 1480. 0g和无水 FeCl389. 2g于 2000ml四口烧瓶中混合后升温, 当温度达到 100〜120Ό时通入氯气,待反应充分后,降温至 10CTC,减压精馏,于 -0.1MPa, 顶温 118〜124°C下收集产品馏分,精馏过程中产生的低浓度馏出液还可套用至下批重新 反应或套用至下批重新精馏提纯。套用后最终得到 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶 1715. 0g, 套用后总 收率为 94. 0%, 纯度 99. 5%。
氢化反应
将氯化反应中制得的 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶 557. 8g、三乙胺 123. 5g、钯炭 8. 4g、甲苯 1673g 一次性投至反应器中, 升温至 60〜80°C, 通入氢气进行氢化反应, 测得反应液的 pH为 4〜8时, 停止通氢气, 氢化反应结束。
后处理操作
将上述反应液降至室温, 加水 420g溶解三乙胺盐酸盐, 过滤, 加入水 30g和甲苯 30g洗涤滤饼, 滤饼为钯炭, 可回收套用。将滤液静置分层, 分离水层后用 200g盐酸萃 取甲苯层三次。萃取后的溶液通过补加 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶和甲苯,还可循环套用至下批反 应。 将萃取后的盐酸层合并起来加入水 1630g稀释, 有固体产品析出, 过滤后, 再用水 100g洗涤(洗涤后产生的废水可回收套用至萃取阶段), 得到 2, 3-二氯吡啶湿品, 烘干 后得到 2, 3-二氯吡啶干品。套用后产品总质量为 387. 7g, 收率为 85. 7%, 纯度 99. 5%。
«例2
氯化反应
称取 2, 6-二氯吡啶 299. 2g和回收的馏分液 533.7g (其中 2, 6-二氯吡啶占 86.1%, 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶占 9%),与无水 AlCl336.5g置于 1000ml四口烧瓶中混合,升温到 120〜 140'C时通入氯气, 待反应完全后, 降温至 100°C, 减压精馏, 于 -O.lMPa, 顶温 118〜 124Ό下收集产品馏分, 蒸出的低浓度产物可套用至下批重新反应或套用至下批重新精 馏提纯;套用后最终得到 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶 890.7g,套用后总收率为 95.2%,纯度 99.5%。 氢化反应
可将实施例 1中回收的 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶的甲苯溶液 1340g, 再补加 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶 410. 5g,以及甲苯 348g, 折合 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶 562.7g,再加入吡啶 85.1g、 回收的钯炭 5.6g, 一次性投至反应器中, 升温至 60〜80°C, 通氢气反应, 测 pH为 4〜8则停止通氢 气, 氢化反应结束。
后处理操作
将上述反应液降至室温, 加水 400g溶解吡啶盐酸盐, 过滤, 加入水 30g和甲苯 30g 洗涤滤饼, 滤饼为钯炭。 将滤液静置分层, 分离水层后用 200g盐酸萃取甲苯层三次。 萃取后的溶液通过补加 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶和甲苯,还可循环套用至下批反应。将萃取后的 盐酸层合并起来加入水 1650g稀释, 有固体产品析出, 过滤后, 再用水 120g洗涤(洗 涤后产生的废水可回收套用至萃取阶段), 得到 2, 3-二氯吡啶湿品, 烘干后得到 2, 3-二 氯吡啶干品。 套用后产品总质量为 388. 9, 收率为 85. 4%, 纯度 99. 5%。

Claims

权利 要 求 书
1、 一种 2, 3-二氯吡啶的制备方法, 其特征在于: 包括如下步骤
( 1 )氯化反应: 以 2, 6-二氯吡啶为原料, 与催化剂混合后升温, 通入氯气进行氯化 反应, 待反应充分后, 降温、 减压精馏, 即得 2 , 3 , 6-三氯吡啶;
( 2 )氢化反应: 将所得 2, 3 , 6-三氯吡啶与缚酸剂、 金属催化剂、 有机溶剂投至反 应器中,在压力范围为 0- lOMPa下,升温后通入氢气进行氢化反应,测得反应液 pH为 4〜 8时, 停止通氢气; 所述 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶与缚酸剂的摩尔比为 1 : 0. 1〜0. 5;
( 3 ) 后处理操作: 将上述反应液降至室温, 加水溶解缚酸剂盐酸盐, 过滤, 将滤液 静置分层, 分离水层后, 将有机溶剂层用含水酸萃取至少三次以上, 再将萃取后的含水 酸层合并起来加水稀释, 析出固体, 过滤, 得 2, 3-二氯吡啶湿品, 将该湿品烘干, 即得 2, 3-二氯吡啶产品。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于:
所述氯化反应中的催化剂选自三氧化硫、 三氟化硼、 三氯化铁或三氯化铝, 该催化 剂的用暈为 2, 6-二氯吡啶摩尔用量的 0. 01〜1. 00倍;
所述氯化反应中的温度是 100〜200'C ;
所述氯化反应中的精馏过程中产生的低浓度馏出液还可套用至下批重新反应或套用 至下批重新精馏提纯。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的制备方法, 其特征在于:
所述氯化反应中的催化剂的用量为 2, 6-二氯吡啶摩尔用量的 0. 01〜0. 50倍。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于:
所述氢化反应中的缚酸剂选自有机碱或无机碱化合物;所述有机碱化合物选自吡啶、 三乙胺、 醇的碱金属盐类、垸基金属锂化合物或胺基锂化合物中的一种; 所述无机碱化 合物选自碱金属的氢氧化物类、 碱金属的碳酸盐类和碳酸氢盐类、 乙酸盐类中的一种; 所述氢化反应中的金属催化剂选自单金属催化剂、 多金属催化剂、 负载型或非负载 型金属催化剂中的一种;
所述氢化反应中的有机溶剂选自酯类、 醚类、 芳烃类、 腈类中的一种, 或者几种的 任意混合物。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的制备方法, 其特征在于- 所述醇的碱金属盐类选自甲醇钠、 乙醇钾或叔丁醇钾中的一种; 所述烷基金属锂化 合物选自丁基锂或苯基锂中的一种;所述胺基锂化合物选自二异丙基胺基锂或六甲基二 硅胺基锂; 所述碱金属的氢氧化物类选自氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾; 所述碱金属的碳酸盐类 和碳酸氢盐类选自碳酸钠、 碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠或碳酸氢钾中的一种; 所述乙酸盐类选自 乙酸钠或乙酸钾;
所述单金属催化剂选自铂、 钯、 钴或镍中的一种; 所述多金属催化剂选自二元合金 催化剂铜-镍、 铜-钯、 钯-银、 铂-金或铂-铜中的一种; 所述负载型金属催化剂选自铂 炭或钯炭; 所述非负载型金属催化剂选自雷尼镍、 雷尼铜或雷尼钴中的一种;
所述酯类选自乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯, 所述醚类选自乙醚、 甲基叔丁基醚、 四氢呋喃或对二噁垸, 所述芳烃类选自苯、 甲苯或氯苯, 所述腈类选自乙腈或丙腈。
6、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的制备方法, 其特征在于- 所述缚酸剂选自吡啶或三乙胺;
所述金属催化剂选自铂炭、 钯炭、 雷尼镍或雷尼铜中的一种;
所述有机溶剂选自甲苯或乙酸乙酯。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于- 所述氢化反应中的压力范围是 0-5MPa;
所述氢化中的反应温度是 20-150Ό ;
所述氢化反应中 2, 3, 6—三氯吡啶与缚酸剂的摩尔比为 1 : 0. 3〜0. 5。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述后处理操作中加水溶解缚酸剂盐酸盐后过滤出的催化剂可回收套用; 所述后处理操作中的有机溶剂层通过补加 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶和有机溶剂还可回收作 为下批原料;
所述后处理操中的含水酸选自可溶于水的无机酸或有机酸中的一种; 无机酸选自盐 酸、 硫酸、 碳酸、 磷酸或硝酸中的一种; 有机酸选自低级羧酸: 甲酸、 乙酸、 丙酸、 正 丁酸或正戊酸中的一种;
所述后处理操作中的含水酸与 2, 3, 6-三氯吡啶摩尔比为 1〜5 : 1。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的制备方法, 其特征在于: 所述的有机酸还可选自水杨酸或苯 磺酸。
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CN116037153A (zh) * 2023-01-03 2023-05-02 上海华谊(集团)公司 加氢脱氯催化剂及其工艺
CN116059998A (zh) * 2023-01-19 2023-05-05 利尔化学股份有限公司 一种双金属催化剂及其制备方法和应用
CN117299186A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2023-12-29 安徽国星生物化学有限公司 一种合成2,3-二氯吡啶的催化剂制备方法

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