WO2013154053A1 - 植物栽培用素材及びそれを利用した植物栽培方法 - Google Patents
植物栽培用素材及びそれを利用した植物栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013154053A1 WO2013154053A1 PCT/JP2013/060503 JP2013060503W WO2013154053A1 WO 2013154053 A1 WO2013154053 A1 WO 2013154053A1 JP 2013060503 W JP2013060503 W JP 2013060503W WO 2013154053 A1 WO2013154053 A1 WO 2013154053A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plant
- growth
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a plant cultivation material and a plant cultivation method using the same.
- Patent Document 1 a highly water-absorbing polymer typified by crosslinked polyacrylic soda gel
- Patent Document 2 an expandable resin typified by polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and polystyrene
- Patent Document 3 a highly water-absorbing polymer typified by crosslinked polyacrylic soda gel
- Patent Document 4 an expandable resin typified by polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and polystyrene
- Patent Document 3 a highly water-absorbing polymer typified by crosslinked polyacrylic soda gel
- Patent Document 2 an expandable resin typified by polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane and polystyrene
- breathability typified by nonwoven fabric and multi-film
- the cultivation method using a superabsorbent polymer may not be able to supply the required amount of water or nutrient solution required by the plant according to the growth of the plant.
- the air required for the plant may not be sufficiently supplied, and the cultivation method using a breathable film or porous film cannot secure water and nutrient solution necessary for plant growth. In some cases, the liquid cannot be supplied stably.
- Patent Document 5 a cultivation method using a ceramic (Patent Document 5) has been found, but the supply capacity of water and nutrient solution necessary for plant growth is still insufficient, and is necessary for plant growth.
- the plant cultivation environment that can absorb the necessary amount of elements when necessary is not provided.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to promote plant growth, and a plant cultivation material suitable for a plant cultivation environment capable of absorbing a necessary amount of elements necessary for plant growth when necessary, and its It is to provide a plant cultivation method using the material.
- the present inventors have used a material having a structure capable of providing a respiration environment suitable for plants, which has liquid retention and liquid migration, to The present inventors have found that a necessary amount of elements necessary for plant growth can be absorbed when necessary to promote plant growth.
- this liquid liquid
- the plant By utilizing the plant cultivation material of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the same, the plant can absorb the necessary amount of elements necessary for growth when necessary, so that the growth of the plant is promoted, Increase in plant yield and quality can be realized. Furthermore, the supply amount of elements necessary for plant growth can be minimized.
- the present invention has a structure capable of providing a respiration environment suitable for plants so as to promote the growth of plants so that it can absorb the necessary amount of elements necessary for plant growth when necessary. And a plant cultivation method using the material (hereinafter referred to as “this material”).
- This material is a material corresponding to any one of the above (1) to (6), for example, synthetic pulp, natural pulp, polyester, etc. produced from polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, or a plurality of them.
- synthetic pulp such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- Refers to a material composed of a mixture of any ratio, and synthetic pulp is described in Japanese Patent No. 3913421 specification and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-077519, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 53- Although what is manufactured by the method as described in 1260 gazette etc. is mentioned, it is not limited to this.
- a slurry containing synthetic pulp, natural pulp, polyester, etc., or a mixture of a plurality of them in an arbitrary ratio, and using a material molded into a single layer or a plurality of layers using a standard method Can do.
- plants Mallows such as cotton, Rubiaceae plants such as sugar beet, Brassicaceae plants such as rapeseed and cabbage, Gramineae plants such as corn, wheat and rice, Cucurbitaceae plants such as cucumber and pumpkin, Compositae such as lettuce and safflower Plants, Aceraceae plants such as carrots, Euphorbiaceae plants such as castor sesame and cassava, solanaceae plants such as eggplant and tomatoes, rose family plants such as strawberries and apples, legumes such as soybeans, oranges and lemons such as oranges and lemons It refers to various plants such as plants, but is not limited thereto.
- seed A sprinkler that is produced by sexual reproduction of a seed plant and contains an embryo that is a young plant developed from a fertilized egg. It also refers to artificial embryos in which somatic embryos obtained from tissue culture are embedded in gelatin or resin.
- Seedling This refers to a plant body having roots, stems, and leaves, or a plant body piece that can be regenerated into a complete plant body by curing in a state lacking one or two of them.
- Cropseed A sprinkler that is produced by sexual reproduction of a seed plant and contains an embryo that is a young plant developed from a fertilized egg. It also refers to artificial embryos in which somatic embryos obtained from tissue culture are embedded in gelatin or resin.
- Seedling This refers to a plant body having roots, stems, and leaves, or a plant body piece that can be regenerated into a complete plant body by curing in a state lacking one or two of them.
- Cosmetic This refers to artificial growth of plants at any stage from plant sowing to maturity. For example
- From sowing to maturity (2) From seedling to maturity (3) From seed to seedling (4) Cultivated in other places through the seedling stage and before the desired maturity stage, from that stage to the maturity stage (5) From seedlings to the stage before the intended maturity period (cultivated in other places until maturity period).
- Leaves, stems and / or roots extend from the inside or surface of seeds, baskets, bulbs, etc.
- Promotion Compared to the prior art, it means that the plant grows predominantly, such as fast growth, high germination rate, high survival rate, large amount of plant or harvest, and high quality (such as sugar content).
- Nutrition essential for plant growth It contains at least one kind of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium, etc., which are said to be the three elements of fertilizer, and is a liquid or solid substance dissolved in water to form a liquid (including emulsion and suspension) (this specification) Written as “Nutrient Solution”).
- the types of nutrient solutions include, for example, nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea, lime nitrogen and potassium nitrate, phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate lime, heavy superphosphate lime and molten phosphorus fertilizer, chloride Potassium fertilizers such as potash and potassium sulfate, chemical fertilizers such as simple fertilizers, chemical fertilizers and compound fertilizers, calcareous fertilizers such as quick lime, slaked lime and calcium carbonate fertilizers, silicate fertilizers such as slag silicate fertilizer, manganese sulfate fertilizers and slag manganese Manganese fertilizers such as fertilizers, boric acid fertilizers such as borate fertilizers, trace element composite fertilizers such as molten trace element composite fertilizers, and mixed fertilizers with these or pesticides listed below, but are not limited to this Not.
- nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium sul
- Pesticide A chemical that is necessary for controlling pests and diseases that hinder plant growth. It is a liquid or solid substance dissolved in water to form a liquid (including emulsion and suspension).
- Pesticides include insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, herbicides, and plant growth regulators, each with single and mixed agents.
- a single agent is an agrochemical containing a single active ingredient
- a mixed agent is an active ingredient of two or more of the following insecticides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, and herbicides Are arbitrarily mixed with each other, and are optionally mixed with the following insecticides and fungicides, but are not limited thereto.
- active ingredients of insecticides include acaricides, nematicides, organophosphorous compounds such as acephate and fenitrothion, carbamates such as mesomil and benfuracarb, pyrazoles such as fipronil, neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid and dinotefuran, Examples include natural products such as milbemectin and spinosad, and other substances having osmotic or water-soluble properties such as chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole, but are not limited thereto.
- the active ingredients of fungicides include carbamates such as Tiraum and Manzeb, strobilurins such as azoxystrobin and cresoxime methyl, azoles such as triflumizole, tebuconazole and cimeconazole, natural products such as kasugamycin and streptomycin, In addition, it refers to a substance having osmotic migration or water solubility, but is not limited thereto.
- Active ingredients of herbicides and plant growth regulators include phosphoric acids such as glyphosate and glufosinate, sulfonylureas such as thifensulfuron and methyl, inorganics such as ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate, triketones such as sulcotrione and mesotrione, and pyrazolates And pyrazolates such as pyrasulfotol, triazolones such as sulfentrazone and amicarbazone, isoxazoles such as isoxachlortol, natural products such as cytokinin and gibberellin, and other substances with osmotic migration or water solubility. As expected, it is not limited to this.
- osmotic transferability refers to the property of being absorbed from the roots, stems, and leaves of plants and moving through the plant body.
- Vacancy It is a space for the liquid containing this element to move through the material, and has a size that does not allow plant seeds to enter, and has a liquid transferability due to surface tension inside the pores and capillary action.
- the pores of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ or less occupy 50% or more (volume basis) of the pores present in the material, and more preferably the pores of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ or less exist in the material. 90% or more (volume basis).
- This material has a method of creating a root environment that allows plants to absorb the necessary amount of plants when necessary, by extending the roots of the plant inside and / or outside of the material to a state suitable for plant growth. Due to the layered structure.
- (Layered structure) A cubic structure formed by two-dimensional continuous or discontinuous entanglement of the materials constituting this material, which overlaps the layer thickness direction of this planar structure (the direction intersecting the planar structure consisting of each layer). The original structure.
- the thickness of each layer is preferably 0.01 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm or more, and the number of layers is preferably 2 or more.
- the total thickness of the material is preferably 5,000 m or less, more preferably 500 m or less.
- the shape and size of the material are not particularly limited, but are appropriately determined according to the growth of the plant so that a favorable growth direction or rooting state of the plant can be ensured until the maturity of the plant to be cultivated. You can choose.
- the material can be used in various shapes such as a sheet shape, a mat shape, a cube and / or a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a column shape so as to have at least a seedable surface and a portion where a root can grow.
- this material can be placed in a container according to the purpose of cultivation, so that the elements necessary for the plant can be supplied to the plant through this material, so that the material can be seeded and grown to maturity .
- Supply of the elements required by the plant to the material placed in the container is performed by transferring the elements filled in the container to the material, using the elements pre-filled in the material, It can be performed by a method used in combination.
- the liquid which can permeate the material can be filled in a container, the material can be brought into contact with the liquid and permeated into the material, and the element can be supplied to the plant. You may replenish this liquid in a container as needed. This replenishment of the liquid into the container can be performed continuously or at intervals.
- a cuboid-shaped main material 1 is partially immersed in a main liquid in a container 2, and a plant is grown from sowing on the upper surface exposed to the air of the main material 1. it can.
- the seeding surface of this material can be provided with a ridge-like uneven structure, a seeding depression, or the like.
- the plant grows in the layer thickness direction (direction intersecting the planar structure composed of each layer), while the root extends in the layer thickness direction of the layered structure.
- the relationship between the layer thickness direction in the layered structure of the present material and the growth direction of the plant is not limited to the relationship shown in FIG. 1, and can be set as appropriate so as to obtain a target cultivation state.
- the place where the container is installed can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of cultivation, for example, in a natural environment such as soil, in a cultivation room, house, or cultivation apparatus that can control cultivation conditions such as temperature and / or humidity.
- Example 1 Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) 80mm x 100mm x 65mm high in a rectangular parallelepiped was floated on the surface of the water poured into the cultivation case, and wheat was seeded on the surface of the synthetic pulp. The growth was observed. The growth results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) 80mm x 100mm x 65mm high in a rectangular parallelepiped was floated on the surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 2) poured into the cultivation case, Wheat was sown on the surface of the synthetic pulp and its growth was observed. Table 3 shows the growth results and nutrient solution consumption.
- Example 3 A synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a rectangular parallelepiped of 300 mm x 360 mm x 100 mm in height and floated on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 4) poured into the cultivation case. Cherry tomato was sown on the surface of the synthetic pulp and its growth was observed. In addition, the sugar content of the fruit of cherry tomatoes that were fruited was measured using a hand-held refractometer IATC-1E (Brix 0-32%) manufactured by Inoue Seieido. The growth results and sugar content measurement results are shown in Table 5.
- Examples 4 to 14 In the same manner as in Example 2, leaf lettuce, rapeseed, forget-me-not, corn poppy, wild cherry, camphor tree, camphor tree, nigera, coriander, soybean and red pepper were sown and their growth was observed. The growth results and nutrient solution consumption are shown in Tables 6-16.
- Example 15 A synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a 65 mm x 65 mm x 95 mm high rectangular parallelepiped and poured on the cultivation case (floating composition is shown in Table 2). Nadesico was seeded on the surface of the synthetic pulp and its growth was observed. The growth results are shown in Table 17.
- Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a rectangular parallelepiped of 500 mm x 340 mm x 150 mm in height and floated on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 18) poured into the cultivation case. A hole of a size capable of receiving seeds was made on the surface of the synthetic pulp, and corn was seeded to observe the growth until fruiting. The growth results are shown in Table 19.
- Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a rectangular parallelepiped of 260 mm ⁇ 110 mm ⁇ height 150 mm square and floated on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution (composition is shown in Table 18) poured into the cultivation case. A hole of a size that can receive seeds was made on the surface of the synthetic pulp, and rice (Nihonbare) was sown to observe the growth until the maturity stage. The growth results are shown in Table 20.
- Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a rectangular parallelepiped of 500 mm x 340 mm x 150 mm in height and floated on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 18) poured into the cultivation case. A hole of a size that can receive seeds was made on the surface of the synthetic pulp, and sorghum was sown to observe the growth until fruiting. The growth results are shown in Table 21.
- Example 19 to 20 In the same manner as in Example 18, cotton and rapeseed were sown and their growth was observed. The growth results are shown in Tables 22 to 23, respectively.
- Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a rectangular parallelepiped of 400 mm x 200 mm x 5 mm square and floated on the surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 18) poured into the cultivation case. The surface of the synthetic pulp was seeded with Kentucky blue grass and its growth was observed. The growth results are shown in Table 24.
- Example 22 Synthetic paper made by mixing natural pulp and synthetic pulp into a 80mm x 100mm x 65mm height rectangular parallelepiped and floated on the surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 2) poured into the cultivation case, Wheat was sown on the surface of synthetic paper and its growth was observed. Table 25 shows the growth results and nutrient solution consumption.
- Synthetic paper floats on the surface of nutrient solution (composition is shown in Table 2) prepared by processing natural pulp into natural rectangular paper 80mm x 100mm x 65mm in height and poured into the cultivation case. Wheat was sown on the surface of the plant and its growth was observed. Table 26 shows the growth results and nutrient solution consumption.
- Example 24 Polyester paper blended with polyester and natural pulp is made into a 80mm x 100mm x 65mm high rectangular parallelepiped and floats on the surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 2) poured into the cultivation case. Wheat was sown and its growth was observed. Table 27 shows the growth results and nutrient solution consumption.
- Table 28 shows plants that can be cultivated by the same method as in Examples 1, 2, and 16, but is not limited thereto.
- Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a cube of 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm in height and floated on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 18) poured into the cultivation case. A 20 mm x 20 mm x 10 mm deep square hole was drilled on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp, and the broad beans were seeded (seeding date: May 31, 2012).
- Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a cube of 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm in height and floated on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 18) poured into the cultivation case. A 20 mm x 20 mm x 10 mm deep square hole was drilled on the upper surface of the synthetic pulp, and the broad beans were seeded (seeding date: May 31, 2012).
- Synthetic pulp (Mitsui Chemicals SWP (registered trademark): E400) was prepared in a cube of 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm in height and floated on the liquid surface of the nutrient solution (composition shown in Table 18) poured into the cultivation case.
- a 20 mm ⁇ 20 mm ⁇ 10 mm deep square hole was drilled and seeded with broad beans (seeding date: May 31, 2012). After 22 days of sowing, when the plant length grew to about 200 mm, the broad bean was released with aphids, and the number of live aphids was observed.
- Table 38 The results are shown in Table 38 in comparison with the number of living insects in Examples 25 to 26.
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Description
(1)植物が生育に必要とする要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
(2)保液性と液移行性を有し、植物が生育に必要な要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
(3)水や養液、農薬などの液体(本明細書では、「本液体」と記載。)を保持し、本液体を円滑に移行させるための空孔を有し、植物が生育に必要な要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
(4)水や養液、農薬などの液体を保持し、本液体を円滑に移行させるための空孔を有し、根の生え方をコントロール可能な層状構造を取り、植物が生育に必要な要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
(5)水や養液、農薬などの液体を保持し、本液体を円滑に移行させるための空孔を有し、根が潤沢な空気を吸収できるように根の生え方をコントロール可能な層状構造を取り、植物が生育に必要な要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
(6)(1)~(5)のいずれか一項に記載の植物栽培用素材を利用した植物栽培方法。
(植物)
ワタなどのアオイ科植物、テンサイなどのアカザ科植物、ナタネやキャベツなどのアブラナ科植物、トウモロコシやコムギ、コメなどのイネ科植物、キュウリやカボチャなどのウリ科植物、レタスやベニバナなどのキク科植物、ニンジンなどのセリ科植物、トウゴマやキャッサバなどのトウダイグサ科植物、ナスやトマトなどのナス科植物、イチゴやリンゴなどのバラ科植物、ダイズなどのマメ科植物、オレンジやレモンなどのミカン科植物など種々の植物をさすが、これに限定されない。
(種子)
種子植物の有性生殖により作られる散布体で、内部に受精卵から発育した幼い植物体である胚を含んでいるものをさす。また、組織培養などから得られる不定胚を、ゼラチンや樹脂などに包埋させた人工的なものもさす。
(種苗)
根、茎、葉を有する植物体や、そのうち1つないし2つを欠いた状態で、養生することにより完全な植物体へと再生することが可能な状態の植物体片をさす。
(栽培)
植物の播種から成熟期までの任意のステージで植物を人工的に生育させることをさす。例えば、播種から成熟期までの全部または一部の期間にわたって植物を人工的に生育させることであり、以下の各段階及びその2つ以上の組み合わせによる栽培を挙げることができる。
(1)播種から成熟期まで
(2)苗から成熟期まで
(3)種子から苗まで
(4)苗の段階を経て目的とする成熟期前まで他の場所で栽培し、その段階から成熟期まで
(5)苗から目的とする成熟期前の段階まで(成熟期までは他の場所で栽培する)。
(発芽)
種子やむかご、球根などの内部や表面から、葉、茎および/または根などが伸び出てくることをさす。
(促進)
先行技術に比べ、生育が早い、発芽率が高い、生存率が高い、植物体量もしくは収穫量が多い、及び品質(糖度など)が高いなど、植物が優位に生育することをさす。
水や肥料及び空気など植物の生育に必要不可欠なものや、農薬など植物の生育の障害となる害虫や病気などの防除に必要なものをさすが、これに限定されない(本明細書では、「本要素」と記載。)。
(必要時に必要量吸収する)
植物の生育の過程において、本要素を植物が吸収したい時に吸収したい量を吸収すること。すなわち、本要素の吸収を植物に依存させることをさす。
(保液性)
本素材の中に、本要素を含む液体を保持する性質をさし、その保持率は液体を含む本素材中の液体含有率(重量基準)が、30%以上95%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは40%以上80%以下である。
(液移行性)
本素材の中を、本要素を含む液体を容易に移行させる性質をさし、その移行速度は、本素材1cm3あたり毎時0.01mL以上が好ましく、より好ましくは、本素材1cm3あたり毎時0.1mL以上である。
(肥料)
植物の生育に必要不可欠な栄養となるもの。肥料の三要素といわれる窒素やリン酸及びカリウムなどを少なくとも1種類以上含み、液状もしくは固形物を水に溶解して液状(乳化状、懸濁状などを含む)にしたものをさす(本明細書では、「養液」と記載。)。
(農薬)
植物の生育の障害となる害虫や病気などの防除に必要な薬剤で、液状もしくは固形物を水に溶解して液状(乳化状、懸濁状などを含む)にしたものをさす。
(空孔)
本要素を含む液体が本素材の中を移行するための空間であり、植物の種子が入り込まず、かつ、空孔内部の表面張力及び毛細管現象による液移行性を有する大きさのものをさす。具体的には、10μmφ以下の空孔が本素材中に存在する空孔の50%以上(容積基準)を占めることが好ましく、より好ましくは10μmφ以下の空孔が本素材中に存在する空孔の90%以上(容積基準)を占めることである。
(根の生え方のコントロール)
植物の根を本素材の内側および/または外側で植物の生育に適した状態に伸長させ、本要素を植物が必要時に必要量吸収できるような根の環境を作り上げる手法をいい、本素材が持つ層状構造に起因する。
(層状構造)
本素材を構成する物質が、二次元的に連続もしくは不連続に絡みあってできた平面構造が、この平面構造の層厚方向(各層からなる平面構造に交差する方向)に重なってできた三次元構造をいう。各層の厚みは0.01mm以上が好ましく、より好ましくは0.1mm以上であり、層の数は2層以上が好ましい。本素材全体としての厚さは、5,000m以下が好ましく、より好ましくは500m以下である。
(栽培方法)
本素材を用いた植物栽培方法によれば、植物が必要とする要素を植物に供給可能な状態にある本素材を利用して植物を播種から成熟期までの任意のステージにわたり植物を栽培することができる。この播種から成熟期までの任意のステージについては先に「栽培」の項で説明したとおりである。
(実施例1)
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を80mm×100mm×高さ65mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ水の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した。生育結果を表1に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を80mm×100mm×高さ65mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した。生育結果と養液消費量を表3に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を300mm×360mm×高さ100mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表4に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの表面にミニトマトを播種してその生育を観察した。また、井内盛栄堂製手持屈折計IATC-1E(Brix0~32%)を用いて結実したミニトマトの果肉の糖度を測定した。生育結果と糖度測定結果を表5に示す。
実施例2と同様の方法で、リーフレタス、ナタネ、ワスレナグサ、ヒナゲシ、ヤマザクラ、クスノキ、ネムノキ、ニゲラ、コリアンダー、ダイズおよびアカシソを播種してそれぞれの生育を観察した。生育結果と養液消費量を表6~16に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を65mm×65mm×高さ95mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの表面にナデシコを播種してその生育を観察した。生育結果を表17に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を500mm×340mm×高さ150mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表18に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの表面に種子を受けることができる大きさの穴を開けてトウモロコシを播種して結実までの生育を観察した。生育結果を表19に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を260mm×110mm×高さ150mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表18に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの表面に種子を受けることができる大きさの穴を開けてイネ(日本晴)を播種して成熟期までの生育を観察した。生育結果を表20に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を500mm×340mm×高さ150mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表18に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの表面に種子を受けることができる大きさの穴を開けてソルガムを播種して結実までの生育を観察した。生育結果を表21に示す。
実施例18と同様の方法で、ワタおよびナタネを播種してそれぞれの生育を観察した。生育結果をそれぞれ表22~23に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を400mm×200mm×高さ5mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表18に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの表面にケンタッキーブルーグラスを播種してその生育を観察した。生育結果を表24に示す。
天然パルプと合成パルプを混合して作られた合成紙を80mm×100mm×高さ65mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成紙の表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した。生育結果と養液消費量を表25に示す。
天然パルプを加工して作られた天然パルプ紙を80mm×100mm×高さ65mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成紙の表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した。生育結果と養液消費量を表26に示す。
ポリエステルと天然パルプを配合したポリエステル紙を80mm×100mm×高さ65mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成紙の表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した。生育結果と養液消費量を表27に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を100mm×100mm×高さ100mm角の立方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表18に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの上部表面に20mm×20mm×深さ10mm角の穴を開けてソラマメを播種した(播種日:2012年5月31日)。播種22日後、植物体長が約200mmに成長した時点でソラマメにマメアブラムシを放虫し、放虫7日後、10mgのジノテフラン(三井化学アグロ製、ネオニコチノイド系殺虫剤)を1,000mLの養液に溶解した水溶液を調整してシリンジで合成パルプに注入した。水溶液注入前と水溶液注入4日後のマメアブラムシの生存虫数を比較し、ジノテフランのマメアブラムシに対する殺虫効果を確認した。結果を表29に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を100mm×100mm×高さ100mm角の立方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表18に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの上部表面に20mm×20mm×深さ10mm角の穴を開けてソラマメを播種した(播種日:2012年5月31日)。播種22日後、植物体長が約200mmに成長した時点でソラマメにマメアブラムシを放虫し、放虫7日後、1.5mgのジノテフラン(三井化学アグロ製、ネオニコチノイド系殺虫剤)を500mLの養液に溶解した水溶液を調整して栽培ケース内に残存する養液と混合した。水溶液混合前と水溶液混合4日後のマメアブラムシの生存虫数を比較し、ジノテフランのマメアブラムシに対する殺虫効果を確認した。結果を表30に示す。
ハイトカルチャ(株)製セラミック(内径:20mmφ×外径:28mmφ×高さ80mmの中空円柱状セラミック)を栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)中に浸し、セラミックの内部表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した(播種日:2012年1月6日)。また、生育中に消費された養液量も測定した。生育結果と養液消費量を実施例2の結果と対比して表31に示す。
メビオール(株)製スカイジェル(0.64g)に重量比100倍の養液(組成を表2に示す)を吸水保持させたものを40mm角の立方体に調製してスカイジェルの表面にコムギを播種した後、スカイジェルが乾燥して体積が半分程度になる都度養液を補充してその生育を観察した(播種日:2011年11月29日)。生育結果を実施例2の結果と対比して表32に示す。
市販のポリビニルアルコール(PVA)を70mm×70mm×高さ35mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)中に浸し、PVAの表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した(播種日:2011年11月29日)。生育結果を実施例2の結果と対比して表33に示す。
アキレス(株)製ムマック(ポリウレタン)を100mm×100mm×高さ25mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)中に浸し、ポリウレタンの表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した(播種日:2011年11月29日)。生育結果を実施例2の結果と対比して表34に示す。
市販の不織布を80mm×10mm×高さ0.1mm四方の長方形に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)に浮かし、不織布の表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した(播種日:2011年12月20日)。また、生育中に消費された養液量も測定した。生育結果と養液消費量を実施例2の結果と対比して表35に示す。
グロダン社製グロトップマスター(ロックウール)を80mm×100mm×高さ75mm角の直方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表2に示す)中に浸し、ロックウールの表面にコムギを播種してその生育を観察した(播種日:2011年12月20日)。また、生育中に消費された養液量も測定した。生育結果と養液消費量を実施例2の結果と対比して表36に示す。
ハイトカルチャ(株)製セラミックを栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表4に示す)中に浸し、セラミックの表面にミニトマトを播種した。ミニトマト結実後、手持屈折計IATC-1E(Brix0~32%)を用いてミニトマトの果肉の糖度を測定した。測定結果を実施例3の結果と対比して表37に示す。
合成パルプ(三井化学製SWP(登録商標):E400)を100mm×100mm×高さ100mm角の立方体に調製して栽培ケースに注いだ養液(組成を表18に示す)の液面に浮べ、合成パルプの上部表面に、20mm×20mm×深さ10mm角の穴を開けてソラマメを播種した(播種日:2012年5月31日)。播種22日後、植物体長が約200mmに成長した時点でソラマメにマメアブラムシを放虫し、マメアブラムシの生存虫数の推移を観察した。結果を実施例25~26の生存虫数と対比して表38に示す。
2.水、養液、農薬などの液体
3.植物(例)
Claims (6)
- 植物が生育に必要とする要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
- 保液性と液移行性を有し、植物が生育に必要な要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
- 水や養液、農薬などの液体を保持し、本液体を円滑に移行させるための空孔を有し、植物が生育に必要な要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
- 水や養液、農薬などの液体を保持し、本液体を円滑に移行させるための空孔を有し、根の生え方をコントロール可能な層状構造を取り、植物が生育に必要な要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
- 水や養液、農薬などの液体を保持し、本液体を円滑に移行させるための空孔を有し、根が潤沢な空気を吸収できるように根の生え方をコントロール可能な層状構造を取り、植物が生育に必要な要素を必要時に必要量吸収し、植物の生育を促進させる栽培環境を提供する植物栽培用素材。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の植物栽培用素材を利用した植物栽培方法。
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| US20260033445A1 (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2026-02-05 | Gcj Co., Ltd. | Culture apparatus and a culture method for a plant whole body |
| CN118878377B (zh) * | 2024-09-13 | 2025-01-07 | 云南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | 一种工业大麻水培专用营养液及其使用方法 |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014163145A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | 三井化学株式会社 | 植物栽培システムとそれを利用した栽培方法及びその製造方法 |
| EP2982239A4 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2016-11-23 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | PLANT PLANT SYSTEM, INCORPORATION METHOD AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| AU2014250390B2 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2017-05-04 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Plant cultivation system, cultivation method utilizing same and manufacturing method therefor |
| AU2014250390B9 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2017-05-25 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Plant cultivation system, cultivation method utilizing same and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN107969187A (zh) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-01 | 广州海露实业发展有限公司 | 一种提高迷迭香植物品种快速繁育方法 |
| CN108966741A (zh) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-11 | 武汉市农业科学院 | 一种提高日本野漆树种子发芽率以及快速催芽的方法 |
| CN108966741B (zh) * | 2018-08-16 | 2021-06-18 | 武汉市农业科学院 | 一种提高日本野漆树种子发芽率以及快速催芽的方法 |
| CN113796297A (zh) * | 2020-07-30 | 2021-12-17 | 佛山市连艺生物科技有限公司 | 一种提高红火炬郁金水培品质的栽培方法 |
| CN113099941A (zh) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-07-13 | 略阳县锦绣农业发展有限公司 | 一种山地杜仲矮化改良方法 |
| JP2023172485A (ja) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-12-06 | 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 | キャッサバ苗の製造方法、キャッサバの製造方法及びキャッサバの枝条の保存方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2013154053A1 (ja) | 2015-12-17 |
| IL235009B (en) | 2019-09-26 |
| IL235009A0 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| KR20190139879A (ko) | 2019-12-18 |
| TWI576042B (zh) | 2017-04-01 |
| HK1206195A1 (en) | 2016-01-08 |
| CN104219948B (zh) | 2017-12-19 |
| CN104219948A (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
| EP2837282A1 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
| US9615519B2 (en) | 2017-04-11 |
| TW201350014A (zh) | 2013-12-16 |
| AU2016206372A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
| US20170099788A1 (en) | 2017-04-13 |
| AU2013247832A1 (en) | 2014-11-06 |
| JP2016182147A (ja) | 2016-10-20 |
| CN107079797A (zh) | 2017-08-22 |
| EP2837282A4 (en) | 2015-11-25 |
| KR20140145156A (ko) | 2014-12-22 |
| US20150080492A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
| KR20160113731A (ko) | 2016-09-30 |
| KR20200128764A (ko) | 2020-11-16 |
| AU2013247832B2 (en) | 2016-06-30 |
| KR20180088757A (ko) | 2018-08-06 |
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