WO2015137889A1 - Source de courant continu pour dispositifs d'électrolyse et système d'électrode sans catalyseur - Google Patents

Source de courant continu pour dispositifs d'électrolyse et système d'électrode sans catalyseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015137889A1
WO2015137889A1 PCT/TR2014/000067 TR2014000067W WO2015137889A1 WO 2015137889 A1 WO2015137889 A1 WO 2015137889A1 TR 2014000067 W TR2014000067 W TR 2014000067W WO 2015137889 A1 WO2015137889 A1 WO 2015137889A1
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Prior art keywords
power source
electrolysis
invented
hydrogen
gas
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/TR2014/000067
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English (en)
Inventor
Muhsin IDER
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to PCT/TR2014/000067 priority Critical patent/WO2015137889A1/fr
Publication of WO2015137889A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015137889A1/fr
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Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/05—Pressure cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
    • C25B9/63—Holders for electrodes; Positioning of the electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • This invention is related to the electrochemically hydrogen and oxygen producing electrolysis devices and their power sources.
  • the field of invention is about decomposition of water, methanol and some other organic materials in liquid electrochemical cells by applying electrochemical potential.
  • the invented power source generally can be applied to direct current (DC) pressurized electrolysis devices.
  • the power source of this design is related to the pulsed and square waved DC producing electronic circuits, which are known as switch mode power supplies (SMPS) in the field of industrial electronics.
  • SMPS switch mode power supplies
  • the invented power source and electrode design was generally designed for pressurized alkaline electrolysis systems. However, the same power source can be used in generating hydrogen from ethanol and methanol with modifications in cell design and electrode materials.
  • the invented power source can be used in platinum catalyst loaded PEM type as well as the solid oxide electrolyte type electrolysis cells.
  • the invented pressurized alkaline electrolysis device can also produce hydrogen and oxygen as a mixture.
  • the stoichiometrically produced hydrogen and oxygen can be used for a welding application known as hydrogen welding, silver brazing and hard soldering in some industrial applications as an alternative to the acetylene torch welding.
  • the produced oxy-hydrogen flame from manufactured electrolysis device can also be used in cutting thick steel slabs.
  • Hydrogen produced purely from the device can be stored as energy carrier and it can be used as fuel directly in fuel cell research.
  • Produced pure oxygen can be stored and it has an economical value.
  • a conductive electrolyte in liquid form along with water is used in cells to enable electrical conduction between parallel or serially placed metal electrodes in terms of power connection. It is important that the standard electrode potential of anion of electrolyte is to be higher than that of hydroxide anion and the standard electrode potential of cation of electrolyte to be lower than hydrogen.
  • NaOH, KOH and H 2 S04 which are some of the suitable salts of Li + , Rb + . K + , Cs + , Ba 2+ , Sr 2"1" , Ca 2+ , Na + , and Mg 2+ , are generally used in industrial applications.
  • compositions of these electrolytes are in the concentration ranges usually in which the maximum electrical conductivity is achieved also with respect to temperature.
  • the metal electrodes with different surface patterns and forms are mostly used in solid electrode selections. It is assumed that the nickel coated steel electrodes have one of the best corrosion resistances in alkaline media.
  • Different types of power sources have been used for long time according to electrode placing and cell orientation. A potential difference, which is slightly above the thermodynamic threshold value of 1.23 volts, is usually applied between 1.8-2 volts for distilled water electrolysis. This potential difference is usually adjusted in parallel designed cells using a transformer type power source which applies a fully rectified DC current. However, voltage controlled power circuits which can adjust the potential drop in each cell are used in series type connected electrode systems. Power sources made with no transformer switch mode power supply (SMPS) technology can now be used in such high power and current demanding applications parallel to the recent advances in the electronic part manufacturing.
  • SMPS transformer switch mode power supply
  • the invented power source is a fully rectified but not filtered DC voltage generator.
  • the voltage can be adjusted between 100-220 volts and current can be applied up to 20 Amps without any problems.
  • the problem of using large volume heavy transformer is solved with this invention.
  • the gases produced in the cathode and anode compartments are separated using asbestos filters or membrane-gasket assemblies in the state of the art designs.
  • Another related invention is also made on the gas separation electrode system design.
  • the invention of a mechanically butyl rubber gasket supported fiber glass or rock wool frame membrane system which can be used instead of asbestos membrane is delineated in Figure 4.
  • This invention can both be used in parallel and serial type pressurized electrolysis devices.
  • the combination of the invented power source and a serial electrode connected alkaline electrolysis device which produces nonseparating hydrogen and oxygen mixture is described in Figure 2.
  • the invention of metal electrode gasket system which can be used in that system is seen in Figure 3.
  • FIG. 1 Power source and the general view of the electrolysis device Figure 2.
  • the power source circuit given in Figure 1 operates with AC mains voltage at 50 Hz frequency.
  • the electronic circuit adjusts the current intensity with potentiostat P(l)
  • This circuit was applied successfully in a 4 kilowatt (kW) alkaline potassium hydroxide containing pure water electrolyzer.
  • the triac was connected to a heat sink at these power levels.
  • the power consumed by the load which is connected to the power circuit is controlled by conduction of triac with the pulse signals which are applied at the gate terminal. This is controlled by the diac which is connected to the gate terminal of the triac.
  • the logarithmic potentiometer (1) operates as to adjust the voltage from the circuit.
  • the potentiometer (1) is a adjustable 1 mega-ohm variable resistor.
  • the Rl (2) which is a fixed value 1000 ohm linear resistor is serially connected to the potentiometer (1)
  • the R2 (3) which is a fixed value 4700 ohm linear resistor is parallelly connected to the Rl (2)
  • the voltage from the potentiometer which is applied to the diac is adjusted by these resistors.
  • Diac, R2 (3), Kl (5) and K2 (6) capacitors are connected in parallel.
  • a circuit breaker (7) which is used as a fuse and safety switch is serially connected to a 220 V on/off switch (8) and the mains voltage (9)
  • the two parallelly connected 300 V and 22 nano farad capacitors are connected to the mains (9) and the triac (10)
  • Four equivalent Dl (11), D2 (12), D3 (13) and D4 (14) diodes in bridge configuration are connected to the 40 Amps ground fault current interrupter (GFCI) (15), the potentiometer (1) and the triac (10) terminal lead.
  • the leads of diode bridge rectifier (16) and (17) are connected to a 3.5-4 kW power drawing electrolyzer (18)
  • the bridge rectifier provides full-wave rectification from an AC input.
  • the adjustment of the resistance in potentiometer (1) causes diac (4) to apply its break over voltage to the gate terminal of triac (10) with different time delays.
  • Triac (10) conducts when the break over voltage is being applied to its gate electrode causes a trigger.
  • the time interval of power applied to or drawn by the electrolyzer is determined by the frequency of triggering pulses.
  • the second K2 (6) capacitor is used in the circuit to delay the triggering angle a little more. The total delay can not reach 180 degree. For this reason a diac (4) is added to the circuit. In this way the triac can be triggered between 0 and 180 degrees.
  • the triggering angle changes with the adjustment of the dial of P potentiometer (1)
  • the electrolyzer will work when the power source allows the alternating voltages between 200 and 220 volts. Thermodynamically speaking, there is no electrolysis taking place in cells for the states when the alternating voltages are below 135 volts. However, the electrolysis reactions don't happen up until 198 volts due to the electrical losses.
  • the potentiometer (1) is adjusted and the gas outflow is suddenly seen, it is understood that the required potential difference is reached and it is assumed that the direct currents are applied to the cells as DC pulse signals with certain time intervals. It is tested with experiments that application of time interval adjusted pulsating currents are effective in dispersion of gas bubbles from the surface without sticking or accumulating.
  • the electrolyzer shown in Figure 1 (18) is a water electrolyzer which includes alkaline or acidic electrolytes. It is made with roughly up to 1 10 equivalent serially placed 316 type stainless steel plates since the power source can be adjusted between 0-220 V ranges. This type of stainless steel materials is one of the most resistant steels to withstand alkaline environment.
  • the stainless electrodes can be assumed as bi-polar electrically with opposite polarization at each surface. In fact, one side of the bi-polar plates has a higher electrical potential than the other because of a "IR" potential drop between the two faces. Because this potential drop occurs in every cell, every serial cell behaves as a single electrolysis cell. Actually, the voltage and the current taken from the power source is intermittent and spaced although it is the unidirectional.
  • the device (18) which produces hydrogen and oxygen from 30 % potassium hydroxide with pure water by using the energy from the power source (19) is given in Figure 2.
  • Gas separating membranes are not used in this device and oxygen and hydrogen which are produced in anode and cathode leave the system as a mixture.
  • This gas mixture can be passed through a zeolite filter to separate hydrogen from oxygen for using in fuel cell applications.
  • the separated oxygen can also be used purely in various applications.
  • the part which is called torch (20) is a metallic material with a mechanism which can hold steady flame for hydrogen welding.
  • a cylindrical tube shaped part which is called flashback arrestor (21) is attached to the torch directly. This part prevents the flame on the torch tip from coming back.
  • gas washing bottle (22) is also used as an additional safety precaution to prevent the flame on torch tip from coming back inside to the pressurized electrolyzer unit. This part can be made out of metals and other alloys. Pure water is usually kept inside the gas washing bottle; however, the part must be isolated electrically from the electrodes or power circuit and the device chassis for safety reasons.
  • electrolyte overfill tank (23) The part which is called electrolyte overfill tank (23) is connected to the electrolyzer gas outlet and gas washing bottle (22) with rubber welding hoses (24)
  • the functions of the electrolyte overfill tank are to hold excessive amount of liquid electrolyte material during the first filling of electrolysis cells and store the liquid electrolyte which may be spewed out from the cells because of the inside pressure in early stages of device operation.
  • This part is also electrically isolated.
  • a potassium hydroxide (27) 30 % electrolyte solution is filled in the spaces between rectangular fin like stainless steel electrodes (25) which are compressed from both sides and separated by butyl rubber gasket frames (26).
  • the plexiglass (28) support lid holds electrodes and rubber gaskets together compressed and allows the level of the liquid inside the electrolyzer to be checked.
  • a pressure sensor can also be integrated with the alkaline electrolyte filling lid (31) which is a leak-proof Teflon lid which is used to add fresh electrolyte solution and pure water.
  • the invented stainless steel plate (32) butyl rubber (33) electrode system is given in Figure 3.
  • This electrode system can be used in serial or parallel electrolysis systems.
  • Butyl rubber gaskets are compressed carefully between 316 type stainless steel electrodes to prevent air and liquid leaks.
  • the stainless steel electrodes are electrically isolated in a way by the rubber gaskets (33) that the plates do not touch each other.
  • the electron transfer between the metal plates can only be made by the potassium hydroxide (27) ions in the liquid media.
  • the gas transfer holes (34) in the invented design allow homogenous pressure distribution and free gas transfer between the electrolysis cells.
  • the liquid transfer holes (35) at the bottom are designed in such a way to regulate gas and liquid pressure and homogeneous liquid distribution between the electrolysis cells.
  • the invented electrode membrane gasket assembly or the filter system which can be used in both parallel and serial connected electrolyzer systems is seen in Figure 4.
  • This invention solves the problem of necessity for using asbestos or polymeric membranes.
  • the invention is an alternative to the various polymeric and asbestos state of the art membranes as a filter (37) which is prepared by sandwiching glass fiber and/or stone wool between a Poly Ether Sulfone (PES) membrane (36)
  • PES Poly Ether Sulfone
  • This apparatus which is prepared by compressing a fiber material between hydrophilic or PES type membranes, prevents the passage of oxygen or hydrogen bubbles to other electrode side. Since the 1-2 micron micro pores of PES membrane allows electrical conductivity but not the passage of gas bubbles through the PES membrane, hydrogen and oxygen generated in anode and cathode leave the system separately without mixing.
  • flexible butyl rubber gasket frames (38) are designed to be sandwiched between the metal electrodes and the filter system on the both sides of PES membrane to achieve water-tightness.
  • This invention can be used in both serial and parallel type design electrolysis systems.
  • PES polymeric membrane (36) and 316 type stainless steel plates are very resistant to the alkaline environments. Similar hydrophilic membranes with 1-2 micron micro pore sizes which are also resistant to alkaline environments can be used for the same purposes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une source de courant qui convertit le courant alternatif de secteur de 220 V en courant continu pour des dispositifs d'électrolyse alimentés en eau produisant de l'hydrogène. La source de courant de l'invention peut être utilisée à la fois dans des systèmes classiques de type alcalin sous pression et des systèmes à membrane électrolytique échangeuse de protons chargés de catalyseur. Selon l'invention, un système d'électrode comprimé qui sépare les électrodes en acier inoxydable des joints en caoutchouc butyle est disposé dans le dispositif d'électrolyse produit qui utilise la source de courant de l'invention. L'étanchéité aux gaz est obtenue par des joints en caoutchouc particuliers dont la souplesse est ajustée. De plus, selon l'invention, un système de filtre empêche le mélange de l'hydrogène et de l'oxygène produits dans l'anode et la cathode des systèmes d'électrolyse alcalins. Le mélange des gaz est empêché par l'utilisation de joints microporeux en polyéthersulfone et en butyle dans le système de filtre.
PCT/TR2014/000067 2014-03-12 2014-03-12 Source de courant continu pour dispositifs d'électrolyse et système d'électrode sans catalyseur Ceased WO2015137889A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/TR2014/000067 WO2015137889A1 (fr) 2014-03-12 2014-03-12 Source de courant continu pour dispositifs d'électrolyse et système d'électrode sans catalyseur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/TR2014/000067 WO2015137889A1 (fr) 2014-03-12 2014-03-12 Source de courant continu pour dispositifs d'électrolyse et système d'électrode sans catalyseur

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101755668B1 (ko) * 2016-04-19 2017-07-12 한국세라믹기술원 압전하베스팅을 이용한 교류파 전압하에서의 전기 분해 장치
US9816190B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2017-11-14 JOI Scientific, Inc. Energy extraction system and methods
US10047445B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2018-08-14 JOI Scientific, Inc. Hydrogen generation system
US10214820B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2019-02-26 JOI Scientific, Inc. Hydrogen generation system with a controllable reactive circuit and associated methods
EP3633070A4 (fr) * 2017-05-29 2021-01-27 Doosan Corporation Dispositif et procédé de génération d'hydrogène
WO2025252770A1 (fr) * 2024-06-04 2025-12-11 Sma Solar Technology Ag Système d'électrolyseur et procédé de fonctionnement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4235694A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-11-25 Hall Frederick F Electrolytic cells for hydrogen gas production
US5843292A (en) * 1993-09-06 1998-12-01 Hydrogen Technology Ltd. Electrolysis systems
CN2795234Y (zh) * 2004-12-01 2006-07-12 徐志恒 电解水恒压装置
US20070251830A1 (en) * 2005-04-05 2007-11-01 Cropley Holdings Ltd. Household appliances which utilize an electrolyzer and electrolyzer that may be used therein
CN101289748A (zh) * 2008-06-20 2008-10-22 张宝翅 家用氢氧发生器

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4235694A (en) * 1978-10-06 1980-11-25 Hall Frederick F Electrolytic cells for hydrogen gas production
US5843292A (en) * 1993-09-06 1998-12-01 Hydrogen Technology Ltd. Electrolysis systems
CN2795234Y (zh) * 2004-12-01 2006-07-12 徐志恒 电解水恒压装置
US20070251830A1 (en) * 2005-04-05 2007-11-01 Cropley Holdings Ltd. Household appliances which utilize an electrolyzer and electrolyzer that may be used therein
CN101289748A (zh) * 2008-06-20 2008-10-22 张宝翅 家用氢氧发生器

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9816190B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2017-11-14 JOI Scientific, Inc. Energy extraction system and methods
US10047445B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2018-08-14 JOI Scientific, Inc. Hydrogen generation system
US10214820B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2019-02-26 JOI Scientific, Inc. Hydrogen generation system with a controllable reactive circuit and associated methods
KR101755668B1 (ko) * 2016-04-19 2017-07-12 한국세라믹기술원 압전하베스팅을 이용한 교류파 전압하에서의 전기 분해 장치
EP3633070A4 (fr) * 2017-05-29 2021-01-27 Doosan Corporation Dispositif et procédé de génération d'hydrogène
WO2025252770A1 (fr) * 2024-06-04 2025-12-11 Sma Solar Technology Ag Système d'électrolyseur et procédé de fonctionnement

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