WO2017009158A1 - Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion - Google Patents

Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017009158A1
WO2017009158A1 PCT/EP2016/066067 EP2016066067W WO2017009158A1 WO 2017009158 A1 WO2017009158 A1 WO 2017009158A1 EP 2016066067 W EP2016066067 W EP 2016066067W WO 2017009158 A1 WO2017009158 A1 WO 2017009158A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
substitute
spectroscopic analysis
substitute fuel
analysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2016/066067
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reinhard Teutenberg
Jürgen Schneberger
Marc BORNEFELD
Oliver Maier
Uwe Bendig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp AG, ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp AG
Priority to EP16741262.6A priority Critical patent/EP3322936B1/fr
Priority to DK16741262.6T priority patent/DK3322936T3/da
Publication of WO2017009158A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017009158A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/60—Separating
    • F23G2201/601—Separating different calorific values
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/55—Controlling; Monitoring or measuring
    • F23G2900/55011—Detecting the properties of waste to be incinerated, e.g. heating value, density
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2223/00—Signal processing; Details thereof
    • F23N2223/48—Learning / Adaptive control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a combustion process, wherein at least one substitute fuel in the form of an airworthy fraction is used.
  • Piece size and bulk density are dependent on the utilization of the fuel.
  • raw waste such as scrap tires, plastics, industrial and commercial waste, as well as animal meal and animal fats, are suitable for use in the refuse-derived fuel industry for use in the cement industry.
  • waste oil, solvents and municipal waste are used for treatment, among other things.
  • the available alternative fuels are often very inhomogeneous in their material quality.
  • impurities such as sulfur, heavy metals and chlorine
  • the content of impurities such as sulfur, heavy metals and chlorine
  • it is of particular interest to know the content of impurities, such as sulfur, heavy metals and chlorine, of the alternative fuels used.
  • impurities such as sulfur, heavy metals and chlorine
  • Due to the heterogeneity of the substitute fuels used it is still difficult to obtain reliable information about the material quality.
  • appropriately prepared substitute fuels with a certain quality are sold.
  • NIR near infrared spectroscopy
  • RMA X-ray fluorescence analyzes
  • the material composition, the moisture content and the pollutant contents can be analyzed.
  • wet-chemical analyzes are also used, but they are very expensive due to the strongly fluctuating composition of the substitute fuels.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve the method for compliance with emission limits in a combustion process.
  • this object is achieved by the features of claim 1, by the method for controlling a combustion process, at least one substitute fuel in the form of an airworthy fraction is used, wherein at least a part of the substitute fuel is subjected to a vibration spectroscopic analysis and the values determined in the analysis be used to control the firing process.
  • a vibrational spectroscopic analysis is a group of analytical measuring methods based on the excitation of the normal vibrations of molecules. These include in particular the Infrared spectroscopy, UV / VIS spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Preferably, however, terahertz spectroscopy is used.
  • Molecular spectroscopic analysis methods are particularly suitable for checking the substitute fuel, in particular during its promotion to a combustion zone, especially since it can be done without contact and no further treatment of the fuel is required.
  • Terahertz spectroscopy is distinguished from near-infrared spectroscopy primarily by a higher penetration depth, so that overlapping fuel fractions can also be detected.
  • the calorific value, the moisture, the carbon content and the chlorine content of the substitute fuel or substitute fuel mixture can be determined in particular by means of terahertz spectroscopy.
  • Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy is a reliable method for non-contact and nondestructive testing. By examining the fuel or the fuel mixture point by point, images in 2D format (imaging) or even 3D format (tomography) can be obtained in addition to the spectroscopy.
  • Terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves in the frequency range between 100 GHz and 10 THz. Many molecules in this spectral region show characteristic signatures in their absorption spectra (chemical fingerprint). In addition, many are transparent to visible light or infrared (IR) impenetrable materials for terahertz waves.
  • the terahertz (time domain) spectroscopy is based on the generation of broadband electromagnetic radiation by ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses and on the detection with the pump-probe principle.
  • the advantages are a coherent detection of the terahertz waves and thus a high-resolution amplitude and phase recording of the electric terahertz field in the time domain.
  • This measurement technique suppresses incoherent radiation, ie there is no interference with room temperature and ambient light.
  • terahertz spectroscopy provides information on intermolecular motion.
  • the substitute fuel is subjected to the vibration spectroscopic analysis during its promotion via a feed line to a combustion zone.
  • any substitute fuel which is due to its composition (for example, a too high chlorine content) should not enter the combustion zone, be prematurely discharged.
  • the firing process can be adapted directly to a changing composition of the substitute fuel and an associated burning behavior.
  • terahertz spectrometers With terahertz spectrometers, the chemical fingerprint of substances (gases, liquids, solids) can be determined. Measurements are possible both in transmission and in reflection. To investigate powders and liquids, an ATR (Attenuated Total Reflection) arrangement can also be used. The evaluation of the spectroscopy measured values is preferably carried out automatically by means of chemometry. A terahertz spectrometer can also be used to determine the moisture distribution.
  • chemical information is extracted from the data of the terahertz spectroscopy by means of chemometric methods.
  • Chemometrics is the application of mathematical and statistical methods to reliably extract information from experimental data.
  • the basis for automation in a first phase of the training or learning phase is mostly known Substances repeatedly measured under many different conditions. Based on this data, expert systems or databases are subsequently set up.
  • the test phase further measurements are taken and tested against the database.
  • the goal should be to build up the database as far as possible to include only substance-specific information.
  • the non-substance-specific information component has to be removed from the measured spectra. These include, among others, the effects of steam lines and particle scattering.
  • the influence of nonsubstance-specific information components can be minimized by a clever sequence of spectral filters. After all measured data have passed through the information-sharpening filter sequence, a property reduction is carried out.
  • PCA Principal Component Analysis
  • the PCA describes the high-dimensional features in an alternative, orthogonal space: the first major axis is in the direction of maximum variance, the second major axis is perpendicular thereto Often, only a few principal axes suffice to characterize a large part of the information, and then the proportions of the higher major axes are not taken into account, since the representation of the original measurements in the PCA-transformed space often already shows a visible separation of the data Ideally, individual clusters are formed for each substance.
  • chemical information is extracted from the data by means of chemometric methods, which information was determined during the oscillation spectroscopic analysis of the substitute fuel.
  • the chemical information obtained can then be summarized and classified in a database using self-learning algorithms, with cluster analysis preferably being used for structuring the data or data records.
  • the data of the substitute fuel determined during the vibration spectroscopic analysis are compared with comparative data in order to automatically detect anomalies.
  • the comparative data can be determined by a vibration spectroscopic analysis of known substitute fuels or known proportions of the substitute fuels.
  • parts of the substitute fuel can be divided into different components in advance and examined individually by means of vibration spectroscopic analysis.
  • the regulation of the fuel may be to affect the amounts of fuel. If it is determined, for example, that the substitute fuel has too low calorific value, the fuel supply can be increased overall or a higher-value fuel can be supplied with a correspondingly larger proportion.
  • the regulation of the combustion process can also consist, for example, in a change in the combustion air or in an adjustment of the flame shape on the burner used.
  • the burning process takes place in the context of a cement production process, wherein the combustion zone is formed by a rotary kiln and / or a precalciner.
  • the fuel or the fuel mixture is also via at least one burner supplied to the combustion zone.
  • the vibration spectroscopic analysis is designed such that in particular the calorific value and / or the humidity and / or the carbon content and / or the chlorine content of the substitute fuel are determined.
  • the substitute fuel can be formed for example by sewage sludge or preferably by an airworthy fraction (so-called fluff), wherein the flyable fraction expediently has a particle size of 1 to 5 mm. If the substitute fuel used is relatively inhomogeneous, it is advisable to comminute and / or homogenize the substitute fuel on the feed line to the combustion zone in at least one mill. For this purpose, for example, an intermediate eddy current mill is suitable.
  • vibration spectroscopic analysis it is also possible to discharge a part of the substitute fuel on the feed line to the combustion zone and to prepare and analyze it for a second chemical analysis. This is done, for example, when large deviations from the standard or large fluctuations are detected by means of the vibration spectroscopic analysis.
  • a substitute fuel 1 in the form of an airworthy fraction via a feed line 2 at least one combustion zone 5 is supplied, which is, for example, a rotary kiln and / or a precalciner with a burner ,
  • the substitute fuel 1 is optionally further comminuted and / or homogenized on the feed line 2 to the combustion zone 5 initially in at least one mill 3, for example an eddy-current mill, if this is necessary.
  • the substitute fuel 1 should preferably be in the size of 1 to 5 mm for the task in the combustion zone 5.
  • the airworthy fraction is, for example, fluffy Wool, flour-shaped fluff or fluff pellets. After pre-shredding, eg in an eddy-current mill, the fluff is in a more homogeneous form. During comminution, the fluff is better mixed and can then be easily transported, analyzed and dosed.
  • suitable transport mechanisms such as conveyor belts, scratches, suction conveyor, etc. are provided.
  • a first analysis device 4 for a vibration spectroscopic analysis is further arranged, which can be formed, for example, by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy or UV / VIS spectroscopy.
  • a terahertz spectroscopy is used here.
  • Terahertz spectroscopy provides a reliable method for non-contact and non-destructive testing of materials, which is particularly suitable for the substitute fuel of interest here.
  • the substitute fuel 1 is automatically detected in fixed time grids by the first analysis device 4, the recorded data being evaluated accordingly.
  • Terahertz spectroscopy makes it possible in particular to determine the calorific value, humidity, carbon and chlorine content.
  • the determined data of the first analysis device 4 are processed, wherein chemometric methods can be used to extract chemical information from the data.
  • the chemical information obtained can then be summarized and classified in particular with self-learning algorithms in one or more databases 9, wherein the cluster analysis can be used for structuring the data or data sets.
  • the values determined during the vibration spectroscopic analysis are evaluated in the evaluation device 8 and used to control the combustion process in the combustion zone 5.
  • a second fuel 6 is used in the combustion zone 5 in addition to the substitute fuel 1
  • the regulation of the Burning process due to the vibration spectroscopic analysis for example, in a change in the ratio of the two fuels 1 and 6 consist.
  • the regulation of the combustion process may include a change of the combustion air 7, which is supplied to the combustion zone 5.
  • the combustion zone 5 is part of a cement production plant and the regulation of the combustion process can consist in particular of a change in the distribution of the primary, secondary and tertiary air occurring there.
  • the control may also include an adaptation of the flame shape.
  • a subset of the substitute fuel can be sorted out in advance.
  • the rejected substitute fuel is first processed in a processing device 10 ready for analysis samples 11 and then subjected in a second analysis device 12 to a second chemical analysis, for example, one or more of the following analysis methods can be used: X-ray fluorescence analysis, terahertz spectroscopy, elemental analysis, Calorific value determination, etc.
  • the determined data of the second analysis device 12 are further processed, in turn, chemometric methods can be used to extract chemical information from the data.
  • the obtained chemical information can then in particular be combined and classified with self-learning algorithms in the at least one database 9, wherein the cluster analysis can be used for structuring the data or data sets.
  • the values determined in the second chemical analysis are then also used to control the combustion process in the combustion zone 5. They also serve to review and adapt the first chemical analysis.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion dans lequel est employé au moins un combustible de remplacement (1) se présentant sous la forme d'une fraction dispersible, au moins une partie du combustible de remplacement subissant une analyse par spectroscopie vibrationnelle, et les valeurs déterminée lors de l'analyse étant employées pour régler le processus de combustion.
PCT/EP2016/066067 2015-07-15 2016-07-07 Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion Ceased WO2017009158A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16741262.6A EP3322936B1 (fr) 2015-07-15 2016-07-07 Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion
DK16741262.6T DK3322936T3 (da) 2015-07-15 2016-07-07 Fremgangsmåde til regulering af en forbrændingsproces

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015111489.5 2015-07-15
DE102015111489.5A DE102015111489A1 (de) 2015-07-15 2015-07-15 Verfahren zur Regelung eines Brennprozesses

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2017009158A1 true WO2017009158A1 (fr) 2017-01-19

Family

ID=56497730

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2016/066067 Ceased WO2017009158A1 (fr) 2015-07-15 2016-07-07 Procédé de réglage d'un processus de combustion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3322936B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015111489A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3322936T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017009158A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108535201A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2018-09-14 浙江大学 一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置和方法
EP3527973A1 (fr) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-21 EVK DI Kerschhaggl Gmbh Procédé de détermination de la qualité de particules de combustible dérivé de déchets
US11047573B2 (en) 2018-02-05 2021-06-29 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Flare monitoring and control method and apparatus
DE102020215492A1 (de) 2020-12-08 2022-06-09 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zur optimierten Verbrennung von Ersatzbrennstoffen in einer Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von anorganischen Stoffen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Zementklinker
US12486980B2 (en) 2022-08-22 2025-12-02 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Vent gas recovery with flare control during a flare event

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4077763A (en) * 1975-02-24 1978-03-07 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Method for regulating combustion processes, particularly for the production of cement in a rotary kiln
EP1048900A1 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 ORFEUS Combustion Engineering GmbH Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la combustion d' un combustible avec un pouvoir calorifique variable
US20110189718A1 (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-08-04 Andrea Lee Whitson Systems And Methods For Segregating Mixed Material Streams
US20120117815A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2012-05-17 Mark Wechsler Device and method for controlling the conversion of biomass to biofuel
US20120174825A1 (en) * 2009-07-08 2012-07-12 Javier Vazquez Favela Method and installation for beneficiation of fly ash particles by flash combustion
WO2013107509A1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Heinrich Unland Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3615260C2 (de) * 1986-05-06 1994-09-01 Krieg Gunther Verfahren und System zur Detektion von optisch absorbierenden Verbindungen in einem Medium durch optische Transmissionsmessung
DE102008028028A1 (de) * 2008-06-12 2009-12-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Brennersteuerung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4077763A (en) * 1975-02-24 1978-03-07 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Method for regulating combustion processes, particularly for the production of cement in a rotary kiln
EP1048900A1 (fr) * 1999-04-28 2000-11-02 ORFEUS Combustion Engineering GmbH Procédé et dispositif de contrôle de la combustion d' un combustible avec un pouvoir calorifique variable
US20120174825A1 (en) * 2009-07-08 2012-07-12 Javier Vazquez Favela Method and installation for beneficiation of fly ash particles by flash combustion
US20110189718A1 (en) * 2009-12-30 2011-08-04 Andrea Lee Whitson Systems And Methods For Segregating Mixed Material Streams
US20120117815A1 (en) * 2010-08-30 2012-05-17 Mark Wechsler Device and method for controlling the conversion of biomass to biofuel
WO2013107509A1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2013-07-25 Heinrich Unland Système permettant de déterminer la valeur énergétique d'un combustible

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11047573B2 (en) 2018-02-05 2021-06-29 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Flare monitoring and control method and apparatus
US11598523B2 (en) 2018-02-05 2023-03-07 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Lp Flare monitoring and control method and apparatus
CN108535201A (zh) * 2018-02-12 2018-09-14 浙江大学 一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置和方法
CN108535201B (zh) * 2018-02-12 2019-09-20 浙江大学 一种焚烧炉内生活垃圾组分实时检测装置和方法
EP3527973A1 (fr) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-21 EVK DI Kerschhaggl Gmbh Procédé de détermination de la qualité de particules de combustible dérivé de déchets
AT521081A3 (de) * 2018-02-20 2021-04-15 Evk Di Kerschhaggl Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität von Ersatzbrennstoffpartikeln
AT521081B1 (de) * 2018-02-20 2023-07-15 Evk Di Kerschhaggl Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Qualität von Ersatzbrennstoffpartikeln
DE102020215492A1 (de) 2020-12-08 2022-06-09 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zur optimierten Verbrennung von Ersatzbrennstoffen in einer Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von anorganischen Stoffen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Zementklinker
WO2022122509A1 (fr) 2020-12-08 2022-06-16 Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Ag Procédé de combustion optimisée de combustibles de substitution dans un dispositif pour le traitement thermique de matériaux inorganiques, plus particulièrement pour la production de scorie de ciment
US12486980B2 (en) 2022-08-22 2025-12-02 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Vent gas recovery with flare control during a flare event

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3322936B1 (fr) 2019-11-13
DE102015111489A1 (de) 2017-01-19
EP3322936A1 (fr) 2018-05-23
DK3322936T3 (da) 2020-02-24

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