WO2020200966A1 - Dispositifs et procédé pour déterminer une composition élémentaire d'un matériau - Google Patents

Dispositifs et procédé pour déterminer une composition élémentaire d'un matériau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020200966A1
WO2020200966A1 PCT/EP2020/058385 EP2020058385W WO2020200966A1 WO 2020200966 A1 WO2020200966 A1 WO 2020200966A1 EP 2020058385 W EP2020058385 W EP 2020058385W WO 2020200966 A1 WO2020200966 A1 WO 2020200966A1
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Prior art keywords
determining
libs
analysis
elemental composition
determined
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PCT/EP2020/058385
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael SCHÜNGEL
Daniela VOGT
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RWE Power AG
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RWE Power AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
    • G01N23/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by activation analysis
    • G01N23/222—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by activation analysis using neutron activation analysis [NAA]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N2021/8557—Special shaping of flow, e.g. using a by-pass line, jet flow, curtain flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/3563—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing solids; Preparation of samples therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
    • G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
    • G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
    • G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
    • G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices and methods for determining an elemental composition of a material.
  • the present invention also relates to a method and a device for determining an amount of CO2 released when a material is burned.
  • the present invention is based on the object of at least partially overcoming the problems known from the prior art and, in particular, of providing devices and methods for determining an element composition of a material with which a particularly high measurement accuracy can be achieved with particularly little effort .
  • a method for determining an element composition of a material includes:
  • step b) analyzing the material conveyed according to step a) by means of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, and / or by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis, XRF,
  • step c) Analyzing the material conveyed in accordance with step a) by means of the Prompter Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis, PGNAA, and / or Pulsed Fast Neutron Activation Analysis, PFTNA,
  • the extraction of raw materials can be optimized by systematically recording the quality characteristics required for the respective raw materials online, for example for ores, coal and sediments.
  • the control of power plants and boilers fired with biomass and substitute fuels can be improved.
  • Material heaps, mining operations, industrial operations, Elmtschplatz, logistics operations, disposal operations, construction operations, especially for dismantling, road construction especially using milling machines and recycling operations can be systematically managed with the method described.
  • the method described can also be used in the cement industry for the needs-based metering of input components can be used. Online characterization and / or quality assurance of a wide variety of materials can also be carried out using the method described.
  • the method described is preferably used in the industrial processing of materials.
  • Examples of materials are solid fossil fuels such as lignite or hard coal, biomass, construction waste, substitute fuels such as bagasse, waste wood or plastic, raw materials such as ores, rocks, sediments, soils or pigments, residues and recycling products such as ash, slag, garbage, sewage sludge, and electronic scrap or building rubble, asphalt rubble, recyclables such as metals or materials.
  • the material is preferably a solid.
  • step a) the material is conveyed. This is preferably done with a conveyor device, in particular with a conveyor belt.
  • the elemental composition of the material can be determined during the conveying according to step a).
  • the element composition means the distribution of the chemical elements in the material.
  • the chemical bond state of the elements is not important.
  • the element composition is an important quality parameter in many applications.
  • the determination of the element composition can also be referred to as a multi-element analysis.
  • a combination of PGNAA and / or PFTNA on the one hand and LIBS and / or RFA on the other hand is used to determine the element composition.
  • the PGNAA and / or the PFTNA provide a solid basis for determining the elemental composition of the material. With the PGNAA and / or the PFTNA, however, the precise determination is one Individual elements limited. In order to expand the element spectrum, PGNAA and / or PFTNA are therefore linked with LIBS and / or RFA.
  • step b) the material conveyed according to step a) is analyzed by means of LIBS and / or by means of XRF.
  • LIBS is preferred.
  • the elemental composition of the material can be analyzed using LIBS.
  • LIBS For this purpose, a surface of the material to be analyzed is scanned with a laser. With LIBS, the elemental composition can only be determined on the surface of the material.
  • LIBS is more precise and more sensitive with regard to the determination of element concentrations.
  • PGNAA and PFTNA are limited in particular with regard to the determination of individual elements and their detection limits. Nevertheless, PGNAA and / or PFTNA can also be used to determine the material composition up to a certain penetration depth within the material, which is particularly advantageous for large sample volumes, for example for full flow analyzes on conveyor belt systems.
  • LIBS offers a large selection of chemical elements that can basically be determined. However, there is an uncertainty with this technique in that only the surface of the material is analyzed. In the case of inhomogeneities, only limited representative measurement results can therefore be obtained. This effect can be compensated for by synchronization with the PGNAA.
  • the proportions of particularly relevant elements in the material are preferably determined using both measurement techniques.
  • the result of the LIBS is preferably adapted with the corresponding result of the PGNAA and / or PFTNA as a standardization. With this standardization, the measured concentrations of all elements are adjusted to the measurement results of the PGNAA by the corresponding factor. This can lead to a significantly expanded range of elements, which by linking the measurement methods can in particular also be representative of the entire material conveyed in accordance with step a).
  • the elemental composition of the material can also be analyzed using XRF.
  • the results of the PGNAA and / or the PFTNA are preferably used as a basis for determining the elemental composition and corrected using LIBS and / or RFA.
  • the analyzable element spectrum can thus be expanded and a measurement signal yield can be increased.
  • the representativity of the LIBS analysis or the RFA analysis can be increased because PGNAA and / or PFTNA analyze a larger sample volume can be sated as with LIBS or RFA.
  • step c) the material conveyed according to step a) is analyzed by means of PGNAA and / or PFTNA.
  • PGNAA is preferred. Both of these methods are methods of analysis using neutrons.
  • the neutrons can be emitted into the material from the neutron source, for example a suitable radioactive material. Accordingly, it is preferred that the neutron source is arranged and designed in such a way that the neutrons are introduced into the material from the neutron source when the material is in or on the conveying device.
  • Within the material there is an interaction between the neutrons emitted by the neutron source and the nuclei of the atoms forming the material. During this core interaction, gamma radiation is generated which can be detected by the radiation detector.
  • the radiation detector is accordingly preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the radiation that is sent from the material can be detected with the radiation detector when the material is in or on the conveyor and is acted upon there by neutrons from the neutron source.
  • the device preferably comprises a plurality of radiation detectors and / or a plurality of neutron sources.
  • a neutron source and a plurality of radiation detectors can be used.
  • the use of several neutron sources is preferred, particularly in the case of large material thicknesses, in order to enlarge an excitation area in the material.
  • the elemental composition of the material can be determined.
  • a moisture content of the material is furthermore determined and taken into account when determining the elemental composition of the material.
  • the water content in the material can have an influence on the neutron flux through the material. Knowing the moisture content of the material can therefore improve the accuracy of the PGNAA, PFTNA, LIBS and / or XRF.
  • the moisture in the material can be measured, for example, by means of microwave technology, near-infrared technology, gamma backscattering, measurement of capacitive resistance, or using Terra-Hz measurement technology.
  • step b) is carried out on a part of the material branched off from the material conveyed according to step a).
  • the branching off of part of the material can take place by taking a particularly representative sample from the full flow or by forming a partial flow.
  • the branching takes place preferably without interrupting the conveying of the material according to step a).
  • the diverted amount of the material to be examined is preferably prepared before the analysis. This can in particular include grinding, dividing, comminuting, homogenizing, pouring and / or pressing the material, in particular in the case of taking a sample.
  • the sample taking is preferably carried out in accordance with DIN
  • the LIBS according to step b) is carried out on a branched off part of the material, in particular in the case that only the LIBS but not the XRF is carried out in step b).
  • the material is carried out on the one hand by means of PGNAA and / or PFTNA, preferably in full flow, and on the other hand by means of LIBS after sampling and preferably subsequent sample processing.
  • the sample preparation the sample is preferably especially comminuted, divided representative, homogenized and / or pressed to form a pellet or fed as a loose fill into a measuring chamber of constant geometry. Sampling is preferably carried out in accordance with DIN. This leads to an improvement in the measurement accuracy of the LIBS.
  • the results of the PGNAA and / or PFTNA on the one hand are compared with the results of the LIBS on the other on the one hand linked, especially with regard to selected, particularly relevant elements of the material.
  • the element composition can thus be determined particularly precisely for the entire material conveyed according to step a).
  • a significantly expanded range of elements can also be achieved, which by linking PGNAA and / or PFTNA on the one hand with LIBS on the other hand is representative of the entire material conveyed in accordance with step a) and can also be used for inhomogeneous material flows.
  • the XRF according to step b) is carried out on a branched off part of the material, in particular in the case that only the XRF, but not the LIBS, is carried out in step b).
  • the ash content i.e. the sum of the mineral substances it contains, and the ash composition play a decisive role in the combustion process. Since the mineral substance can partly be present within the coal, but also as part of the sediment that is conveyed, inhomogeneous coal-mineral substance distributions can occur on conveyor belt systems, which in most cases cannot be recorded in a representative manner with automated sampling.
  • step b) is carried out directly on the material conveyed according to step a).
  • step c) is carried out directly on the material conveyed according to step a).
  • LIBS and / or RFA or PGNAA and / or PFTNA are applied directly to the material conveyed in accordance with step a).
  • the combination of both embodiments is preferred, so that LIBS and / or RFA on the one hand and PGNAA and / or PFTNA on the other hand are carried out directly on the material conveyed according to step a).
  • step a means that the material is analyzed in full flow, preferably without contact. This takes place through the described
  • Procedure does not interfere with the rest of the operational process.
  • the method described is non-destructive.
  • the entire material produced is analyzed.
  • not just a partial flow or a sample taken are analyzed.
  • the analysis in the full flow makes it possible in particular to avoid all problems that arise when analyzing a partial flow or a sample, in particular with regard to insufficient representativeness.
  • At least one of the following analyzes is also carried out:
  • an infrared spectroscopy in particular a near infrared spectroscopy, a radar measurement
  • a mass determination an analysis by means of gamma-ray backscatter and absorption, a mass determination.
  • selected components can be recorded separately and contribute to increasing the measurement accuracy.
  • IR in particular NIR
  • selected components can be recorded separately and also contribute to increasing the measurement accuracy.
  • the volume of the material can be determined by linking it to radar measurements.
  • the mass of the material is also measured by means of a balance, so that a bulk density of the material can be determined from the volume and mass of the material.
  • recording the material by means of a camera is considered as an optical analysis.
  • a position of the measurement can be determined in the method by means of GPS and / or via the 5G cellular network.
  • the 5G cellular network is particularly suitable in connection with an autonomously driving vehicle. If several analyzes are carried out at different locations, the individual measurement results can be evaluated depending on the location.
  • a device for determining an element composition of a material comprises:
  • a neutron source arranged in or on the conveyor device, which is set up to introduce neutrons into the material when the material is in or on the conveyor device
  • a radiation detector arranged in or on the conveyor device for detecting radiation that is generated in or on the conveyor device by neutrons introduced into the material
  • a LIBS device for analyzing the material by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, and / or an XRF device for analyzing the
  • An evaluation unit which is set up to use the radiation detected by the radiation detector in the manner of the prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or the pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA, and based on the results of the laser induced break - down spectroscopy, LIBS, and / or X-ray fluorescence analysis, XRF, to determine the elemental composition of the material.
  • PGNAA prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
  • PFTNA pulsed fast neutron activation analysis
  • LIBS laser induced break - down spectroscopy
  • XRF X-ray fluorescence analysis
  • the described special advantages and design features of the described method for determining the elemental composition of the material are applicable and transferable to the described device for determining the elemental composition of the material, and vice versa.
  • the device described is preferably set up to carry out the method described.
  • the method described is preferably carried out with the device described.
  • the device preferably comprises a plurality of radiation detectors and / or a plurality of neutron sources.
  • a neutron source and a plurality of radiation detectors can be used.
  • the use of several neutron sources is preferred in particular with large material thicknesses in order to enlarge an excitation area in the material.
  • the neutron source and the radiation detector can be arranged in or on the conveying device in various ways. The following embodiments are particularly preferred:
  • the neutron source and the radiation detector are arranged above the conveying device
  • the neutron source and the radiation detector are arranged below the conveyor device
  • the neutron source is arranged below and the radiation detector above the conveyor device
  • the neutron source is arranged above and the radiation detector below the conveyor.
  • the conveying device is preferably designed as a conveyor belt with a belt for receiving the material.
  • the neutron source and the radiation detector are arranged above and below the belt, respectively.
  • At least one neutron source and at least one radiation detector are preferably arranged as described.
  • Another method for determining an element composition of a material is presented as a further aspect.
  • the procedure includes:
  • step C) Determining the elemental composition of the material by analyzing the part of the material branched off according to step B) by means of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS.
  • LIBS laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
  • the element composition of the material can be determined particularly precisely using LIBS.
  • LIBS is sensitive to a particularly large number of different elements.
  • only the surface of the material to be analyzed can be analyzed using LIBS.
  • This disadvantage is compensated for in the present method in that not the full flow of the material to be analyzed is analyzed, but only a homogenized part branched off from it. This part is branched off in step B).
  • a sample can be taken from the full flow or a partial flow can be formed. This is preferably done without interrupting the conveying of the material according to step A).
  • the amount of the material to be examined branched off according to step B) is preferably processed in step B) and before step C).
  • step C) the material is analyzed, whereby the previous branching off of only part of the full flow can at least partially compensate for the disadvantage that only a surface analysis is possible using LIBS. In this way, the material can be spread out for the purpose of analysis, so that a particularly large surface is accessible using LIBS.
  • a carbon content of the material is determined in step C), an amount of CO2 released during combustion of the material being determined from the determined carbon content.
  • a prediction of the CCh emissions due to the incineration is required. This applies in particular to power plants that are subject to the relevant statutory regulations.
  • the maximum possible CCk emissions can be determined directly from the amount of carbon contained in the material, because when a material is burned, no more CCk molecules can be formed than there are carbon atoms in the material. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the carbon content in the material can be determined and the CCk emissions to be expected can be determined from this by calculation.
  • the carbon content in the material can be determined particularly well using LIBS.
  • the embodiment described enables a precise online direct carbon determination. In this way, existing uncertainties in the determination of CCk quantities can be reduced. This results in many advantages for operators of power plants, for example, especially with regard to the reduction of required CCk certificates. There are also advantages for supervisory authorities, in particular with regard to a more precise measurement of the amount of CCk released.
  • the branching off according to step B) takes place by taking a sample, in particular in accordance with DIN.
  • the sample can be taken from a conveyor belt, for example, by a hammer sampler.
  • the frequency of the hammer blow is preferably flexible and dependent on the amount to be sampled in accordance with legal requirements, for example in accordance with DEHSt.
  • the sample can either be transported on a small conveyor belt or stationary by means of LIBS their carbon content can be analyzed.
  • the sample preparation can in particular comprise grinding, dividing, comminuting, homogenizing, pouring and / or pressing the material. Sampling is preferably carried out in accordance with DIN.
  • the CCk amount per unit of mass can be calculated using the correlation to the measured carbon concentrations.
  • the measurement technology can be expanded to include moisture determination, for example using NIR.
  • step C) an X-ray fluorescence analysis, XRF, is carried out on the part of the material branched off according to step B) and taken into account when determining the elemental composition of the material.
  • XRF X-ray fluorescence analysis
  • the measurement accuracy can be further improved by correlating individual parameters that can be analyzed more precisely with the respective measurement technology.
  • At least one of the following analyzes is also carried out:
  • an infrared spectroscopy especially a near infrared spectroscopy, - a radar measurement
  • a further device for determining an element composition of a material comprises:
  • LIBS laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
  • An evaluation unit which is set up to determine the elemental composition of the material on the basis of the results of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS.
  • the described special advantages and design features of the two described methods for determining the element composition of the material and the described device for determining the element composition of the material can be applied and transferred to the device described here for determining the element composition of the material, and vice versa.
  • the device described here is preferably set up to carry out the second of the two methods described above.
  • the second of the two methods described above is preferably carried out with the device described.
  • a method for determining an amount of CO2 released when a material is burned is presented. The procedure includes:
  • step a) analyzing the material conveyed according to step a) by means of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA,
  • step ⁇ Determining a carbon content of the material on the basis of the results from step ⁇ ), the amount of CO2 released when the material is burned being determined from the determined carbon content.
  • a prediction of the CCh emissions due to the incineration is required. This applies in particular to power plants that are subject to the relevant statutory regulations.
  • the maximum possible CCk emissions can be determined directly from the amount of carbon contained in the material, because when a material burns, no more CCh molecules can be formed than C atoms are present in the material.
  • the material is analyzed using PGNAA and / or PFTNA in accordance with the method described above in step ⁇ ). Analysis using PGNAA is preferred.
  • the carbon content of the material in particular is determined. From the coal Substance content in the material is determined in step g) the expected CC emissions when the material is burned. This can be done by calculation.
  • a BGO detector bismuth germanate detector for the PGNAA or PFTNA, for example, can be used in step ⁇ ).
  • this is basically suitable for determining the carbon content, it is limited in terms of resolution.
  • it is therefore preferred to use a lanthanum bromide detector (LaBr3 detector) and / or a pure germanium detector (high puriy germanium detector, HPGe detector), especially in combination with a BGO detector.
  • LaBr3 detector lanthanum bromide detector
  • HPGe detector high puriy germanium detector
  • a moisture content of the material is also determined and taken into account when determining the carbon content of the material.
  • the water content in the material can have an influence on the neutron flux through the material.
  • step ⁇ ) is carried out directly on the material conveyed according to step a).
  • a device for determining an amount of CO 2 released when a material is burned is presented as a further aspect.
  • the device comprises:
  • a neutron source arranged in or on the conveyor device, which is set up to introduce neutrons into the material when the material is in or on the conveyor device,
  • a radiation detector arranged in or on the conveyor device for detecting radiation that is generated in or on the conveyor device by neutrons introduced into the material
  • An evaluation unit which is set up to determine a carbon content of the material from the radiation detected by the radiation detector in the manner of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA and to determine the amount of CO 2 released when the material is burned from the determined carbon content.
  • the described special advantages and design features of the three described methods and the two previously described devices can be used and transferred to the device described here for determining an amount of CO 2 released when a material is burned, and vice versa.
  • the presently described device is preferably set up for performing the third of the three methods described above.
  • the third of the three methods described above is preferably carried out with the device described.
  • the device preferably comprises a plurality of radiation detectors and / or a plurality of neutron sources.
  • a new ion source and a plurality of radiation detectors can be used.
  • the use of several neutron sources is preferred in particular with large material thicknesses in order to enlarge an excitation area in the material.
  • FIG. 2 a schematic plan view of a first device according to the invention for determining an elemental composition of a material according to the method from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 a schematic side view of the device from FIG. 2
  • FIG. 4 a schematic side view of a second device according to the invention for determining an elemental composition of a material according to the method from FIG. 1,
  • 5 a schematic sequence of a second method according to the invention for determining an elemental composition of a material
  • FIG. 6 a schematic plan view of a device according to the invention for determining an element composition of a material according to the method from FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 a schematic side view of the device from FIG. 6,
  • FIG. 8 a schematic sequence of a method according to the invention for
  • FIG. 9 a schematic plan view of a device according to the invention for determining an amount of CO2 released when a material is burned according to the method from FIG. 8, and FIG.
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic side view of the device from FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sequence of a first method for determining an elemental composition of a material 1.
  • the reference characters used relate to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the method comprises:
  • step b) Analyzing the material 1 conveyed according to step a) by means of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, and / or by means of X-ray
  • step c) Analyzing the material 1 conveyed in accordance with step a) by means of the Prompter Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis, PGNAA, and / or Pulsed Fast Neutron Activation Analysis, PFTNA, d) Determining the elemental composition of the material 1 on the basis of the results from step b) and c).
  • PGNAA Prompter Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis
  • PFTNA Pulsed Fast Neutron Activation Analysis
  • step b) and / or c) a moisture content of the material 1 is furthermore determined and taken into account when determining the elemental composition of the material 1.
  • Steps b) and c) can be carried out directly on the material 1 conveyed according to step a). This is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Alternatively, however, in particular step b) can be carried out on an amount of the material 1 branched off from the material 1 conveyed in accordance with step a). This is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of a device 2 for determining the element composition of a material 1 according to the method from FIG. 1.
  • the device 2 comprises a conveying device 3 for the material 1. With the conveying device 3, the material 1 can be moved as indicated by an arrow indicated to be promoted.
  • the device 2 comprises a neutron source 4 arranged on the conveying device 3, which is set up to introduce neutrons into the material 1 when the material 1 is on the conveying device 3.
  • the device 2 further comprises a radiation detector 5 arranged on the conveyor 3 for detecting radiation that is generated on the conveyor 3 by neutrons introduced into the material 1.
  • a neutron source 4 and a radiation detector 5 are provided.
  • the device 2 comprises a LIBS device 6 for analyzing the material 1 by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, and an XRF device 7 for analyzing the material than 1 using X-ray fluorescence analysis, XRF.
  • LIBS device 6 and the RFA device 7 are combined as a unit in FIG. 2.
  • the device 2 comprises an evaluation unit 8, which is set up to use the radiation detected by the radiation detector 5 in the manner of the prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or the pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA, and based on to determine the elemental composition of the material 1 from results of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, and / or the X-ray fluorescence analysis, XRF.
  • the radiation detector 5, the LIBS device 6 and the RFA device 7 are connected to the evaluation unit 8 via cables.
  • the neutron source 4 is also connected to the evaluation unit 8 via a cable, but this is not necessary, for example, when using a radioactive substance as the neutron source 4.
  • the material 1 is analyzed in a full flow 12.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of the device from FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a device 2 for determining an elemental composition of a material 1 according to the method from FIG. 1.
  • the device 2 comprises a neutron source 4 and a radiation detector 5, two LIBS devices 6 and an XRF device 7.
  • the material 1 is analyzed on the one hand by means of PGNAA in a full flow 12, on the other hand by means of LIBS and XRF in a partial flow 13.
  • the analysis by LIBS and XRF is carried out on a branched off amount of the material 1.
  • the partial flow 13 can by means of a branching device 10 of the device 2 are branched off from the full stream 12.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic sequence of a method for determining an elemental composition of a material 1.
  • the reference symbols used relate to FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the method comprises:
  • step C) Determining the elemental composition of the material 1 by analyzing the part of the material 1 branched off according to step B) by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS.
  • a carbon content of the material 1 can be determined, where an amount of CO2 released during combustion of the material 1 can be determined from the determined carbon content.
  • an X-ray fluorescence analysis, XRF can also be carried out on the part of the material 1 branched off in accordance with step B) and taken into account when determining the elemental composition of the material 1.
  • the device 9 shows a schematic top view of a device 9 for determining the element composition of the material 1 according to the method from FIG. 5.
  • the device 9 comprises a conveying device 3 for the material 1.
  • the device 9 comprises a branching device 10 for branching off a part of the material 1 conveyed by the conveying device 3.
  • a partial flow 13 can be branched off from a full flow 12 of the material 1.
  • the device 9 further comprises a LIBS device 6 for analyzing the part of the material 1 branched off with the branching device 10 by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS.
  • the device 9 comprises an evaluation unit 8 which is set up to determine the elemental composition of the material 1 on the basis of the results of the laser in cuted breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic side view of the device from FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 shows a schematic sequence of a method for determining an amount of CO2 released when a material 1 is burned.
  • the reference symbols used relate to FIGS. 9 and 10. The method comprises:
  • step a) analyzing the material 1 conveyed in accordance with step a) by means of prompter gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA,
  • step ⁇ Determining a carbon content of the material 1 on the basis of the results from step ⁇ ), the amount of CO2 released during combustion of the material 1 being determined from the determined carbon content.
  • step g) a moisture content of material 1 can also be determined and taken into account when determining the carbon content of material 1.
  • Step ⁇ ) can be carried out directly on the material 1 conveyed according to step a).
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic top view of a device 11 for determining an element composition of a material 1 according to the method from FIG. 8.
  • the device 11 comprises a conveying device 3 for the material 1.
  • the device 11 comprises a device arranged on the conveying device 3 Neutron source 4, which is set up to introduce neutrons into the material 1 when the material 1 is on the conveyor 3.
  • the device 11 comprises a radiation detector 5 arranged on the conveying device 3 for detecting radiation that is generated on the conveying device 3 by neutrons introduced into the material 1.
  • a neutron source 4 and a radiation detector 5 are provided. However, several neutron sources 4 and / or several radiation detectors can also be used. 5 detectors may be provided.
  • a neutron source 4 and a plurality of radiation detectors 5 are preferably provided.
  • the device 11 comprises an evaluation unit 8 which is set up to convert a carbon from the radiation detected by the radiation detector 5 in the manner of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA - to determine the content of material 1 and to determine the amount of CO2 released during combustion of material 1 from the specific carbon content.
  • PGNAA prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
  • PFTNA pulsed fast neutron activation analysis

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour déterminer la composition élémentaire d'un matériau (1), comprenant : a) le convoyage du matériau (1), b) l'analyse du matériau (1) convoyé selon l'étape a) au moyen de la spectroscopie de décomposition induite par laser, LIBS, et/ou au moyen de la spectrométrie de fluorescence des rayons X, XRF, c) l'analyse du matériau (1) convoyé selon l'étape a) au moyen de l'analyse par activation neutronique gamma rapide, PGNAA, et/ou de l'analyse par activation neutronique rapide pulsée, PFTNA, d) la détermination de la composition élémentaire du matériau (1) à l'aide des résultats des étapes b) et c). Les dispositifs (2, 9, 11) et le procédé décrits permettent de déterminer la composition élémentaire dans un matériau (1) avec une précision de mesure particulièrement élevée en appliquant le PGNAA, le PFTNA et/ou le LIBS à un matériau (1) dans ou sur un dispositif de convoyage (3).
PCT/EP2020/058385 2019-04-05 2020-03-25 Dispositifs et procédé pour déterminer une composition élémentaire d'un matériau Ceased WO2020200966A1 (fr)

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