WO2020201210A2 - Dispositifs et procédé de détermination d'une composition élémentaire d'un matériau - Google Patents

Dispositifs et procédé de détermination d'une composition élémentaire d'un matériau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020201210A2
WO2020201210A2 PCT/EP2020/058948 EP2020058948W WO2020201210A2 WO 2020201210 A2 WO2020201210 A2 WO 2020201210A2 EP 2020058948 W EP2020058948 W EP 2020058948W WO 2020201210 A2 WO2020201210 A2 WO 2020201210A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
collecting container
radiation detector
funnel
elemental composition
determining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2020/058948
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2020201210A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael SCHÜNGEL
Daniela VOGT
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RWE Power AG
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RWE Power AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2020201210A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020201210A2/fr
Publication of WO2020201210A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020201210A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
    • G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
    • G01N23/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by activation analysis
    • G01N23/222—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by activation analysis using neutron activation analysis [NAA]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/718—Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/85—Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
    • G01N2021/8592—Grain or other flowing solid samples
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/24—Earth materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to devices and methods for determining an elemental composition of a material.
  • the present invention is based on the object of at least partially overcoming the problems known from the prior art and, in particular, of providing devices and methods for determining an element composition of a material with which a particularly high measurement accuracy can be achieved with particularly little effort can.
  • a device for determining an element composition of a material comprises:
  • a neutron source arranged in or on the collecting container, which is set up to introduce neutrons into the collecting container,
  • a radiation detector arranged in or on the collecting container for detecting radiation that is generated in the collecting container by neutrons introduced into the material
  • An evaluation unit which is set up to determine the elemental composition of the material from the radiation detected by the radiation detector in the manner of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA.
  • the extraction of raw materials can be optimized in that the quality features required for the respective raw materials are systematically recorded online, for example in the case of ores, coals and sediments.
  • the control of power plants and boilers fired with biomass and substitute fuels can be improved.
  • heaps of material, mining operations, industrial operations, transshipment points, logistics operations, waste disposal operations, construction operations, in particular for dismantling, road construction in particular using milling machines and recycling operations can be systematically managed with the device described.
  • the device described can also be used in the cement industry for the dosage of components used as required. Using the device described, an online Characterization and / or quality assurance of various materials are carried out.
  • the device described is preferably used in the industrial processing of materials.
  • materials are solid fossil fuels such as lignite or hard coal, biomass, substitute fuels such as bagasse, waste wood or plastic, raw materials such as ores, rocks, sediments, soils or pigments, residues and recycling products such as ash, slag, garbage, sewage sludge, electronic scrap and construction waste , Asphalt rubble, recyclable materials such as metals or materials.
  • the device comprises the collecting container for the material.
  • a collecting container is understood to be a container into which, through which and / or out of the material can be conveyed.
  • the material is preferably a solid.
  • the collecting container can serve to receive and / or provide the material. It is also possible that the material is treated or processed in the collecting container.
  • the collecting container can be closed or open. An open collecting container can in particular be set up for the material to flow through. Examples of a collecting container are a silo, funnel, a crusher, a metering device, a screening system or combinations of the elements mentioned.
  • the elemental composition of the material can be determined. This means the distribution of the chemical elements in the material.
  • the chemical bond state of the elements is not important.
  • the elemental composition is one in many applications important quality parameter.
  • the determination of the element composition can also be referred to as a multi-element analysis.
  • the element composition can be determined with the device described using PGNAA and / or PFTNA.
  • PGNAA is preferred.
  • the methods mentioned are methods of analysis using neutrons.
  • the neutrons can be emitted into the material starting from the neutron source, for example a suitable radioactive material. Accordingly, it is preferred that the neutron source is arranged and designed in such a way that the neutrons from the neutron source are introduced into the material when the material is in the collecting container.
  • the radiation detector is accordingly preferably arranged and designed in such a way that the radiation that is emitted by the material can be detected with the radiation detector when the material is in the collecting container and there is exposed to neutrons from the neutron source.
  • the device preferably comprises a plurality of radiation detectors and / or a plurality of neutron sources.
  • a neutron source and a plurality of radiation detectors can be used.
  • the use of several neutron sources is preferred in particular with large material thicknesses in order to enlarge an excitation area in the material.
  • conclusions can be drawn about the atoms in the material.
  • the elemental composition of the material can be determined.
  • the evaluation unit is used for this.
  • a carbon content of the material can be determined by means of PGNAA and / or PFTNA. From this, the amount of CO2 released when the material is burned can be determined.
  • a prediction of the CO2 emissions due to the incineration is required. This applies in particular to power plants that are subject to the relevant statutory regulations.
  • the maximum possible CCk emissions can be determined directly from the amount of carbon contained in the material, because when a material is burned, no more CCh molecules can be formed than the C atoms in the material. Therefore, the carbon content in the material can be determined using PGNAA and / or PFTNA and the expected CCh emissions can be determined from this by calculation.
  • the PGNAA and / or the PFTNA integrated in or on the collecting container different materials of larger volume can be analyzed with regard to their element composition, especially during the throughput into, through and / or out of the collecting container. It is also possible to perform the analysis in a static state in which the material does not move.
  • the preferred arrangement of the neutron source and the radiation detector in or on the collecting container vary with the size and geometry of the collecting container and with the volume and the properties of the material to be analyzed.
  • the device preferably also comprises a conveyor belt with which the material can be transported away from the collecting container.
  • a conveyor belt with which the material can be transported away from the collecting container.
  • at least one additional LIBS device and / or at least one additional neutron source and at least one additional radiation detector is provided on the conveyor belt, with which the material conveyed on the conveyor belt can be analyzed using LIBS or PGNAA and / or PFTNA .
  • the results obtained in this way can be compared with the results described above and combined to form an overall result.
  • the neutron source and / or the radiation detector are arranged in and / or on a side wall of the collecting container.
  • Both the neutron source and the radiation detector are preferably arranged in and / or on a side wall of the collecting container.
  • a side wall of the collecting container is to be understood in particular as a wall which, when the material is throughput into, through and / or out of the collecting container, is arranged to the side of the material flow and to this extent limits it.
  • the present embodiment is particularly suitable for PGNAA.
  • the arrangement of the neutron source and / or the radiation detector according to the present embodiment is particularly suitable for asymmetrical collecting containers. Nevertheless, the present embodiment can also be applied to differently configured collecting containers.
  • the material to be analyzed can, for example, be delivered by truck and poured into a funnel as a collecting container via a chute.
  • the element composition is preferably determined while the material is being poured into the funnel. In order to ensure constant material thicknesses during the pouring, the funnel preferably has strippers.
  • the neutron source and / or the radiation detector are arranged within the collecting container.
  • Both the neutron source and the radiation detector are preferably arranged within the collecting container.
  • An arrangement within the collecting container means that the neutron source or the radiation detector is located inside the collecting container so that the material to be analyzed can flow around the neutron source or the radiation detector.
  • the arrangement within the Sammbenzol age is therefore to be seen in particular in contrast to an arrangement in and / or on a side wall of the collecting container.
  • the present embodiment is particularly suitable for PGNAA.
  • the present embodiment is preferably used with symmetrical collection containers, in particular with large symmetrical collection containers.
  • the arrangement of the neutron source and / or the radiation detector within the collecting container means that a particularly large amount of material can be analyzed.
  • the material can be analyzed in the form of a ring from the center 20 of the collecting container using the so-called 4-Geometric method.
  • the neutron source is arranged inside the collecting container and the radiation detector is arranged in and / or on a side wall of the collecting container.
  • the neutron source and the radiation detector can be advantageous to arrange the neutron source and the radiation detector at a distance from one another.
  • the neutron source is arranged inside the collecting container and the radiation detector in the side wall. This can facilitate the construction of the device described, especially when a radioactive substance is used as the neutron source.
  • a neutron source does not have to be supplied with energy via cables.
  • the neutron source and not the radiation detector is arranged in the interior of the collecting container.
  • a connection of the radiation detector via cables can be realized on the side wall with less effort than inside the collecting container. For radiation protection reasons it can nevertheless be useful to provide a cable connection to the neutron source, through which the neutron source can be brought into an inactive state when not in use, for example by moving a radioactive substance into a shield.
  • the radiation detector is arranged inside the collecting container and the neutron source is arranged in and / or on a side wall of the collecting container.
  • the collecting container is a funnel.
  • the funnel has an inlet and an outlet, a cross section of the funnel available for the material being larger at its inlet than at its outlet.
  • the cross section preferably decreases continuously from the inlet to the outlet.
  • the funnel is preferably one which is intended and set up for processing industrial material, in particular with regard to the dimensions and the material of the funnel. All materials that are resistant to the material to be picked up by the funnel are suitable for the funnel. It is particularly preferred that the funnel is made of steel.
  • the neutron source and / or the radiation detector are arranged in a conical section of the funnel.
  • the conical section of the funnel preferably adjoins the inlet of the funnel.
  • the funnel By tapering the diameter of the funnel in the conical section, it is achieved that the funnel has a smaller diameter at the outlet than at the inlet. Between the conical section and the outlet of the funnel, the funnel preferably has an outlet tube with an essentially constant diameter, preferably constant diameter.
  • Both the neutron source and the radiation detector are preferably arranged in the conical section of the funnel.
  • the present embodiment is particularly suitable for PGNAA.
  • the neutron source and the radiation detector are preferably arranged within the funnel.
  • This is preferably the case with symmetrical collection containers, in particular with large symmetrical collection containers.
  • the arrangement of the neutron source and / or the radiation detector within the collecting container allows a particularly large amount of material to be analyzed.
  • the material can be analyzed in the so-called 4p geometry in a ring from the center of the collecting container.
  • the neutron source is arranged inside the funnel and the radiation detector is arranged in and / or on a side wall of the funnel. As previously described, this can facilitate the construction of the device described, especially if a radioactive substance is used as the neutron source.
  • the reason for different The arrangement of the radiation detector and neutron source lies particularly in the functional principle of PGNAA or PFTNA.
  • the neutrons penetrate the material and interact with the nuclei of the atoms in the material. This creates gamma radiation.
  • the gamma radiation has to pass through the material on its way to the radiation detector and is partially absorbed by the material.
  • more or less of the gamma radiation generated can be detected. With a long path through the material and / or with a material that is highly absorbent for gamma radiation, only a weak measurement signal can be recorded with the radiation detector.
  • the neutron source can be brought into an inactive state when not in use, for example by moving a radioactive substance into a shield.
  • the neutron source and / or the radiation detector are arranged on an outlet pipe of the funnel.
  • Both the neutron source and the radiation detector are preferably arranged on the outlet tube of the funnel.
  • the present embodiment is particularly suitable for PGNAA.
  • the neutron source and the radiation detector are preferably arranged within the funnel.
  • the neutron source is arranged inside the funnel and the radiation detector is arranged in and / or on a side wall of the funnel.
  • both the neutron source and the radiation detector in and / or on a side wall of the Funnel are arranged.
  • Such an arrangement can be chosen if the available space for the neutron source, the radiation detector and any additional electronics required is sufficient.
  • the multi-element analysis takes place with the same geometry of the funnel. This is advantageous in terms of measurement accuracy. The analysis can take place during a material throughput into, through and / or out of the funnel or statically in a filled state of the funnel.
  • Both the neutron source and the radiation detector are preferably arranged directly at the outlet of the funnel.
  • the materials which are usually collected in hoppers and optionally also broken and / or sieved therein, are usually transported away via one or more small conveyor belts. With the positioning of the neutron source and the radiation detector at the outlet of the funnel, the material can be analyzed continuously during the throughput through and / or out of the funnel.
  • the device furthermore has a distribution element arranged centrally in the funnel, the device being designed in such a way that the material during throughput into, through and / or out of the collecting container through the distribution element around the neutron source and / or the radiation detector is distributed around.
  • the distribution element is preferably designed as a cone.
  • the distribution element can be used to measure in the so-called 4 geo etrie. Since it is preferred that the neutron source and the radiation detector are arranged within the funnel.
  • the neutron source and the radiation detector can be arranged in the conical section of the funnel or on the outlet pipe.
  • the neutron source is preferably arranged in the distribution element, in particular designed as a cone. In this case, it is particularly preferred that a plurality of radiation detectors is arranged on the side wall of the conical section of the funnel.
  • the material can then be excited in a circular manner from the inside by the neutron source and the radiation can be measured radially on the outside of the funnel. In this way, on the one hand, a particularly high signal strength can be obtained during radiation detection.
  • the element concentration can be determined depending on the direction by the arrangement described.
  • the device has a LIBS device for analyzing a surface of the material by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, when the material is in the collecting container.
  • LIBS laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
  • the elemental composition of the material can be analyzed using LIBS.
  • LIBS For this purpose, a surface of the material to be analyzed is scanned with a laser.
  • the elemental composition can only be determined on the surface of the material.
  • LIBS is more precise and more sensitive with regard to the determination of element concentrations.
  • PGNAA and PFTNA are limited in particular with regard to the determination of individual elements and their detection limits.
  • the material composition can also be determined within the material up to a certain penetration depth by means of PGNAA and / or PFTNA, which is particularly advantageous with large sample volumes.
  • the results of the PGNAA and / or the PFTNA are therefore preferably used as a basis for determining the elemental composition and corrected using LIBS.
  • the analyzable element spectrum can thus be expanded and a measurement signal yield can be increased.
  • the representativeness of the LIBS analysis can be increased because a larger sample volume can be analyzed using PGNAA and / or PFTNA than can be analyzed using LIBS.
  • LIBS can be used to analyze the surface of the material during the pouring process or at the outlet of a funnel at the transition to a discharge conveyor belt.
  • the LIBS device can also be mounted on a telescopic arm so that, depending on the position of the telescopic arm, the surface of the material can be analyzed either while it is being poured into the funnel, during the throughput through the funnel and / or at the outlet of the funnel.
  • a method for determining an element composition of a material includes:
  • step b) Determining the elemental composition of the material conveyed in accordance with step a) by means of Prompter Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis, PGNAA, and / or Pulsed Fast Neutron Activation Analysis, PFTNA.
  • PGNAA Prompter Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis
  • PFTNA Pulsed Fast Neutron Activation Analysis
  • the described special advantages and design features of the device for determining an elemental composition of a material can be used and transferred to the described method for determining an elemental composition of a material, and vice versa.
  • the device described is preferably used to carry out the described set up driving.
  • the method described is preferably carried out with the device described.
  • step b) takes place contactlessly during the conveying according to step a).
  • Step b) is preferably carried out in full flow. This means that all the material extracted is analyzed. In particular, not just a partial flow or a sample taken are analyzed. By analyzing in full flow, all problems that arise when analyzing a partial flow or a sample can be avoided, especially with regard to lack of representativeness.
  • an analysis of a surface of the material by means of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, is carried out in step b), the results obtained thereby being taken into account when determining the elemental composition of the material.
  • a moisture content of the material is also determined in step b) and is taken into account when determining the elemental composition of the material.
  • the water content in the material can have an influence on the neutron flux through the material. Therefore, knowing the moisture of the material can improve the accuracy of the PGNAA and / or the PFTNA.
  • the moisture content of the material can be measured, for example, using microwave technology, near-infrared Technology, gamma backscatter, measurement of the capacitive resistance, or by Terra-Hz measurement technology.
  • the material in step a) is conveyed into a collecting container designed as a funnel, through and / or from a hopper mounted on a vehicle.
  • the funnel is described as being “mounted on” a vehicle does not limit the type and position of the arrangement of the funnel on the vehicle.
  • the term “on” includes, in particular, that the funnel is attached to, below, in, in front of, in the back of or on the side of the vehicle.
  • the material can be analyzed particularly efficiently, in particular when an autonomously driving vehicle is used. If, for example, material is picked up by a road construction cutter or by means of a surface miner, it can be picked up with a funnel that is driven at the same time and, optionally, loaded directly into a truck traveling along via a discharge belt.
  • the material can be characterized in real time with regard to its element composition.
  • Another method for determining an element composition of a material is presented as a further aspect.
  • the procedure includes:
  • step C) Determining the elemental composition of the material by analyzing the part of the material branched off according to step B) by means of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS.
  • LIBS laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
  • the element composition of the material can be determined particularly precisely using LIBS.
  • LIBS is sensitive to a particularly large number of different elements.
  • only the surface of the material to be analyzed can be analyzed using LIBS.
  • This disadvantage is compensated for in the present method in that not the full flow of the material to be analyzed is analyzed, but only a homogenized part branched off from it. This part is branched off in step B).
  • a sample can be taken from the full flow or a partial flow can be formed. This is preferably done without interrupting the conveying of the material according to step A).
  • the amount of the material to be examined branched off according to step B) is preferably processed in step B) and before step C).
  • step C) the material is analyzed, whereby the previous branching off of only part of the full flow can at least partially compensate for the disadvantage that only a surface analysis is possible using LIBS. In this way, the material can be spread out for the purpose of analysis, so that a particularly large surface is accessible using LIBS.
  • a carbon content of the material is determined in step C), an amount of CO2 released during combustion of the material being determined from the determined carbon content.
  • the maximum possible CCk emissions can be determined directly from the amount of carbon contained in the material, because when a material is burned, no more CCk molecules can be formed than there are carbon atoms in the material. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the carbon content in the material can be determined and the CCk emissions to be expected can be determined from this by calculation.
  • step B) takes place by taking a sample, in particular in accordance with DIN.
  • IR infrared spectroscopy
  • NIR near-infrared spectroscopy
  • This embodiment is a preferred embodiment for both described methods for determining the elemental composition of the material.
  • selected components can be recorded separately and contribute to increasing the measurement accuracy.
  • IR in particular NIR
  • selected components can be recorded separately and also contribute to increasing the measurement accuracy.
  • RFA elements that can be recognized more precisely using RFA can be recorded separately. In particular through correlation with the other measurement results, this can also contribute to increasing the measurement accuracy.
  • the volume of the material can be determined by linking it to radar measurements.
  • the mass of the material is also measured by means of a balance, so that a bulk density of the material can be determined from the volume and mass of the material.
  • recording the material by means of a camera can be considered as an optical analysis.
  • a position of the measurement can be determined in the method by means of GPS and / or via the 5G cellular network.
  • the 5G cellular network is particularly suitable in connection with an autonomously driving vehicle. If several analyzes are carried out at different locations, the individual measurement results can be evaluated depending on the location.
  • a device for determining an element composition of a material comprises:
  • a branching device for branching off part of the material conveyed into, through and / or out of the collecting container
  • LIBS laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
  • FIG. 2 a schematic side view of a first device according to the invention for determining an element composition of a material according to the method from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 a schematic side view of a second device according to the invention for determining an element composition of a material according to the method from FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 a schematic side view of a third device according to the invention for determining an element composition of a material according to the method from FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 6 a schematic side view of a device according to the invention for determining an elemental composition of a material according to the method from FIG. 5.
  • 1 shows a schematic sequence of a first method for determining an elemental composition of a material 2.
  • the reference characters used relate to FIGS. 2 to 4. The method comprises:
  • step b) Determining the elemental composition of the material 2 conveyed in accordance with step a) by means of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA, this preferably being carried out without contact during conveying in accordance with step a) .
  • PGNAA prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
  • PFTNA pulsed fast neutron activation analysis
  • an analysis of a surface of the material 2 by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS is preferably carried out, the results obtained being taken into account when determining the element composition of the material 2.
  • a moisture content of material 2 is also preferably determined and taken into account when determining the elemental composition of material 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a device 1 for determining an elemental composition of a material 2.
  • the device 1 can in particular be used to carry out the method from FIG. 1.
  • the device 1 comprises a collecting container 3 designed as a funnel 8 for the material 2.
  • the device 1 comprises two neutron sources 4 which are arranged in or on the collecting container 3 and which are set up to introduce neutrons into the collecting container 3.
  • the upper of the two neutron sources 4 is arranged inside the funnel 8, the lower of the two neutron sources 4 in and / or on a side wall 7 of the funnel 8.
  • the device 1 comprises two radiation detectors 5 arranged on the collecting container 3 for detecting radiation which is generated in the collecting container 3 by neutrons introduced into the material 2. Both detectors 5 are in the side wall 7 of the Funnel arranged.
  • the radiation detectors 5 are connected to an evaluation unit 6 which is set up to use the radiation detected by the radiation detectors 5 in the manner of prompt gamma neutron activation analysis, PGNAA, and / or pulsed fast neutron activation analysis, PFTNA, to determine the elemental composition of material 2.
  • PGNAA prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
  • PFTNA pulsed fast neutron activation analysis
  • the funnel 8 has a conical section 9 and an outlet pipe 10.
  • the conical section 9 is arranged adjacent to an inlet 13 of the funnel 8.
  • the outlet pipe 10 is arranged adjacent to an outlet 14 of the funnel 8.
  • the upper of the two neutron sources 4 and the upper of the two Strahlungsde detectors 5 are arranged in the conical section 9 of the funnel 8.
  • the lower of the two neutron sources 4 and the lower of the two radiation detectors 5 are arranged on the outlet pipe 10 of the funnel 8.
  • the funnel 8 has a cone-shaped distribution element 11 arranged centrally in the funnel 8.
  • the device 1 is designed in such a way that the material 2 is distributed during throughput into, through and / or out of the funnel 8 by the distribution element 11 around the upper of the two neutron sources 4.
  • the device 1 furthermore has a LIBS device 12 for analyzing a surface of the material 2 by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, when the material is in the funnel 8.
  • the LIBS device 12 is also connected to the evaluation unit 6.
  • the LIBS device 12 can be moved via a telescopic arm 17 of the device 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows a further device 1 for determining an element composition of a material 2.
  • the device 1 from FIG. 3 differs from the device 1 from FIG. 2 only in that, according to FIG. 3, the neutron source 4 is not next to, but is arranged in the distribution element 11.
  • the device 4 shows a further device 1 for determining an element composition of a material 2.
  • the device 1 comprises a collecting container 3 designed as a funnel 8 for a material 2.
  • the material 2 emerging from the funnel 8 can be transported via a conveyor belt 18 of the device 1 be transported away.
  • the device 1 comprises two LIBS devices 12 and three neutron sources 4 and three radiation detectors 5 for PGNAA.
  • the elemental composition of the material 2 can be determined from the results of the LIBS and the PGNAA, which are each indicated as a measurement signal. This is indicated by arrows in that the individual measurement signals are combined into one result.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic sequence of a second method for determining an elemental composition of a material 2.
  • the reference symbols relate to FIG. 6.
  • the method comprises:
  • step C) Determining the elemental composition of the material 2 by analyzing the part of the material 2 branched off according to step B) by means of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, LIBS, with a carbon content of the material
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a device 15 for determining an elemental composition of a material 2.
  • the device 15 can in particular be used to carry out the method from FIG. 5.
  • the device 15 comprises a funnel 8 as a collecting container 3 for the material 2.
  • the funnel 8 comprises an inlet 13, an outlet 14, a conical section 9 and an outlet pipe 10
  • Device 15 a branching device 16 for branching off part of the material conveyed into, through and / or out of the collecting container 3 as well as a LIBS device 12 for analyzing a surface of material 2 branched off with the branching device 16 by means of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy , LIBS.
  • the LIBS device 12 is connected to an evaluation unit 6.
  • the element composition in a material 2 can be determined with a particularly high measurement accuracy by applying PGNAA, PFTNA and / or LIBS to a material 2 in a collecting container 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) de détermination d'une composition élémentaire d'un matériau (2), ledit dispositif comprenant : un récipient collecteur (3) pour le matériau (2) ; une source de neutrons (4) disposée dans ou sur le récipient collecteur (3), qui est conçue pour introduire les neutrons dans le récipient collecteur (3) ; un détecteur de rayonnement (5) disposé dans ou sur le récipient collecteur (3) pour détecter le rayonnement qui est produit dans le récipient collecteur (3) au moyen des neurones introduits dans le matériau (2) ; et une unité d'évaluation (6) qui est conçue pour déterminer la composition élémentaire du matériau (2) à partir du rayonnement détecté par le détecteur de rayonnement (5) selon le type d'analyse d'activation neutronique gamma rapide (PGNAA) et/ou d'analyse Pulsed Fast Neutron Activation (PFTNA). Les dispositifs (1, 15) et le procédé de l'invention permettent de déterminer la composition élémentaire d'un matériau (2) avec une précision de mesure particulièrement élevée en appliquant une PGNAA, une PFTNA et/ou une LIBS à un matériau (2) dans un récipient collecteur (3).
PCT/EP2020/058948 2019-04-05 2020-03-30 Dispositifs et procédé de détermination d'une composition élémentaire d'un matériau Ceased WO2020201210A2 (fr)

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DE102019109054.7A DE102019109054A1 (de) 2019-04-05 2019-04-05 Vorrichtungen und Verfahren zum Ermitteln einer Elementzusammensetzung eines Materials
DE102019109054.7 2019-04-05

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