WO2020250890A1 - 二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020250890A1 WO2020250890A1 PCT/JP2020/022702 JP2020022702W WO2020250890A1 WO 2020250890 A1 WO2020250890 A1 WO 2020250890A1 JP 2020022702 W JP2020022702 W JP 2020022702W WO 2020250890 A1 WO2020250890 A1 WO 2020250890A1
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- negative electrode
- positive electrode
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- electrolytic solution
- secondary battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a secondary battery that can obtain good cycle characteristics.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery capable of suppressing deterioration of battery performance even when the voltage is increased.
- the secondary battery contains a positive electrode electrolyte solution provided between the positive electrode current collector, the negative electrode current collector, and the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector so as to be in contact with the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode electrolyte contains an electrolyte salt and a non-aqueous solvent containing a first solvent
- the negative electrode electrolyte contains an electrolyte salt and a non-aqueous solvent containing a second solvent.
- the second solvent is a solvent whose reduction potential is lower (base) than the potential of the negative electrode. According to such a secondary battery, by using the second solvent, the reductive decomposition of the electrolytic solution at the negative electrode can be suppressed, and even when the voltage is increased, the deterioration of the battery performance is suppressed. Can be possible.
- the first solvent may be a solvent having an oxidation potential higher (noble) than the potential of the positive electrode.
- the secondary battery may further include an electrolyte layer between the positive electrode electrolyte portion and the negative electrode electrolyte portion.
- the positive electrode electrolyte portion may further contain a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent.
- the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion may further contain a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent.
- the positive electrode electrolyte portion and / or the negative electrode electrolyte portion further contains a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent, the non-aqueous solvent is gelled, so that leakage of the non-aqueous solvent is suppressed and safety is achieved. It can be an excellent secondary battery in terms of points.
- the second solvent is 12-crown-4, 18-crown-6, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ethyl heptate, tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol. It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of bis (propionitrile) ether, 2- (methylamino) ethanol, and diaminohexane.
- the content of the second solvent may be 10% by mass or more based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent in the negative electrode electrolytic solution.
- the first solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of tris phosphate (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl), acetonitrile, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, chloroethylene carbonate, nitromethane, and ethylene carbonate. Good.
- the content of the first solvent may be 10% by mass or more based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent in the positive electrode electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous solvent contained in the positive electrode electrolytic solution and the non-aqueous solvent contained in the negative electrode electrolytic solution may be different from each other.
- the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion may further contain a negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element and a binder. In this case, the negative electrode active material is held in the negative electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode electrolyte portion may further contain a positive electrode active material and a binder.
- the positive electrode active material may be a positive electrode active material having an operating potential of 4 V or more (operating potential of 4 V (vsLi + / Li) or more) with respect to the metallic lithium potential. In this case, the positive electrode active material is held in the positive electrode current collector.
- a secondary battery capable of suppressing deterioration of battery performance even when the voltage is increased.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a secondary battery according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the secondary battery
- FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the secondary battery.
- the numerical values and their ranges in the present specification do not limit the present invention.
- the numerical range indicated by using "-" indicates a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper limit value or the lower limit value described in another stepwise description.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with the value shown in the examples.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a secondary battery according to an embodiment.
- the secondary battery 1 according to the embodiment is a so-called laminated secondary battery including an electrode group 2 and a bag-shaped battery exterior 3 accommodating the electrode group 2.
- the electrode group 2 is provided with a positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and a negative electrode current collecting tab 5.
- the positive electrode current collector tab 4 and the negative electrode current collector tab 5 are of the battery exterior body 3 so that the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector (details will be described later) can be electrically connected to the outside of the secondary battery 1, respectively. It protrudes from the inside to the outside.
- the secondary battery 1 may be a secondary battery having a shape other than the laminated type (coin type, cylindrical type, etc.).
- the secondary battery 1 can be a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the battery exterior 3 may be, for example, a container made of a laminated film.
- the laminated film may be, for example, a laminated film in which a polymer film such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a metal foil such as aluminum, copper or stainless steel, and a sealant layer such as polypropylene are laminated in this order.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- metal foil such as aluminum, copper or stainless steel
- a sealant layer such as polypropylene
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
- the positive electrode current collector 6, the negative electrode current collector 7, and the positive electrode current collector 6 and the negative electrode current collector 7 are placed in the battery exterior body 3.
- the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9 containing the positive electrode electrolytic solution provided so as to be in contact with the positive electrode current collector 6 and the negative electrode current collector 6 and the negative electrode current collector 7 are in contact with the negative electrode current collector 7.
- the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 containing the negative electrode electrolytic solution provided in the above is provided.
- the secondary battery 1 may further include an electrolyte layer 8 between the positive electrode electrolyte unit 9 and the negative electrode electrolyte unit 10.
- the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9 and the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 further contain a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent
- the positive electrode electrolytic solution and the negative electrode electrolytic solution are gelled and are non-aqueous. Since it becomes difficult for the solvent or the like to permeate, the secondary battery 1 may or may not have the electrolyte layer 8 between the positive electrode electrolyte section 9 and the negative electrode electrolyte section 10.
- the battery exterior 3 is sealed so that the positive electrode electrolyte and the negative electrode electrolyte do not leak from the positive electrode electrolyte portion 9 and the negative electrode electrolyte portion 10, respectively.
- the entire positive electrode current collector 6 and negative electrode current collector 7 may be housed inside the battery exterior body 3.
- both ends of the positive electrode current collector 6 and the negative electrode current collector 7 may project to the outside of the battery exterior body 3.
- the positive electrode current collector 6 is made of, for example, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, calcined carbon, a conductive polymer, conductive glass, or the like.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 6 may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive electrode electrolyte unit 9 contains a positive electrode electrolyte.
- the positive electrode electrolyte contains an electrolyte salt and a non-aqueous solvent containing a first solvent.
- the thickness of the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9 may be, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 2000 ⁇ m or less.
- the electrolyte salt may be, for example, a lithium salt.
- Lithium salts include, for example, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , CF 3 SO 2 OLi, LiN (SO 2 F) 2 (Li [FSI], lithium bis. At least one selected from the group consisting of (fluorosulfonylimide), LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (Li [TFSI], lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide), and LiN (SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2. Good.
- the content of the electrolyte salt may be 0.5 mol / L or more, 0.7 mol / L or more, or 0.8 mol / L or more, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent, and is 1.5 mol / L or less. It may be 3 mol / L or less, or 1.2 mol / L or less.
- the non-aqueous solvent is a solvent capable of dissolving the electrolyte salt contained in the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9.
- the non-aqueous solvent contains a first solvent that can be suitably used only for the positive electrode electrolytic solution (not suitable for the negative electrode electrolytic solution).
- the non-aqueous solvent may consist of a first solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain, in addition to the first solvent, another solvent that can be suitably used for both the positive electrode electrolytic solution and the negative electrode electrolytic solution.
- the first solvent may be a solvent having oxidative stability with respect to the positive electrode, and the solvent may have an oxidation potential higher (noble) than the potential of the positive electrode (unique value depending on the positive electrode active material).
- the first solvent has an oxidation potential of, for example, 3.5 V or more, 4.0 V or more, 4.5 V or more, 4.7 V or more, 4.9 V or more, 5.0 V or more, or 5 with respect to the metallic lithium potential. It may be a solvent of .2 V or higher.
- the first solvent can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the oxidation potential of the first solvent can be evaluated, for example, by the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy according to the frontier orbital theory.
- the HOMO is preferably calculated by a density functional theory (DFT).
- DFT density functional theory
- the basis function is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use 6-31G (d), 6-31G (d, p) and the like.
- HOMO may be averaged and used as an index according to the volume ratio thereof, or for example, it may be evaluated experimentally as follows.
- a glassy carbon electrode or the like may be used to sweep to a noble potential by linear sweep voltammetry, and for example, a potential at which the oxidation current generated by decomposition becomes 50 mA / cm 2 or more may be regarded as the oxidation potential.
- a potential at which the oxidation current generated by decomposition becomes 50 mA / cm 2 or more may be regarded as the oxidation potential.
- the first solvent examples include ethylene carbonate, hexafluoroisopropyl-ethylene carbonate, trans-difluoroethylene carbonate, cis-difluoroethylene carbonate, trishexafluoroisopropyl phosphate, tris phosphate (2,2,2-tri).
- the first solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of tris phosphate (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl), acetonitrile, succinonitrile, adiponitrile, chloroethylene carbonate, nitromethane, and ethylene carbonate. It can be a seed.
- the content of the first solvent is 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, or 20% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent in the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9. It may be 100% by mass or less, 95% by mass or less, or 90% by mass or less.
- the other solvent may be an aprotic solvent that does not correspond to the first solvent and the second solvent described later.
- examples of other solvents include diethyl carbonate, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dioxolane, 4-methyldioxolane, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, propionitrile, benzonitrile, N, N-dimethylacetamide, diethylene glycol and the like.
- the content of the other solvent may be 1% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, or 5% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent in the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9, 95% by mass or less, 90% by mass or more. It may be less than or equal to 80% by mass or less.
- the positive electrode electrolyte unit 9 may further contain a positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material may exist in a state of being dispersed in the positive electrode electrolytic solution (a state of not being held (fixed) in the positive electrode current collector 6), and other As one aspect (second aspect), it exists in a state of being held (fixed) by the positive electrode current collector 6 (a state in which a positive electrode mixture layer containing a positive electrode active material is provided on the positive electrode current collector 6). You may.
- the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9 further contains a conductive member having a network structure provided so as to conduct the positive electrode current collector and the electrolyte layer, and a conductive agent. The positive electrode active material may be held by the conductive member.
- the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9 may further contain a binder and a conductive agent.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, lithium oxide.
- the lithium oxide for example, Li x CoO 2, Li x NiO 2, Li x MnO 2, Li x Co y Ni 1-y O 2, Li x Co y M 1-y O z, Li x Ni 1- y M y O z, Li x Mn 2 O 4 and Li x Mn 2-y M y O 4 ( in each formula, M represents, Na, Mg, Sc, Y , Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Al , Cr, Pb, Sb, V and B indicate at least one element selected from the group (where M is an element different from the other elements in each equation).
- X 0-1.2.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, a phosphate of lithium.
- lithium phosphate include lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO 4 ) and lithium vanadium phosphate (Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 )). 3 ) can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode active material may be 10 parts by mass or more and 80 parts by mass or less with respect to the total mass of 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode electrolytic solution, and the conductive member contained in the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9. You can.
- the secondary battery may be a positive electrode active material having an operating potential of 4 V or more with respect to the metallic lithium potential from the viewpoint of increasing the voltage.
- the conductive member has a mesh structure.
- the conductive member may be provided in a part of the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9, or may be provided so as to fill the entire positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9.
- the conductive member may be in the form of a sheet, for example.
- the conductive member is made of a conductive material. Examples of the conductive material include a carbon material, a metal material, a conductive polymer material and the like.
- carbon materials include carbon black, graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, carbon nanohorns, glassy carbon, expanded graphite and the like.
- metal materials include nickel, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, gold, silver and the like.
- the conductive polymer material examples include materials doped with polymer compounds such as polyacetylene, poly (p-phenylene vinylene), polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline, and poly (p-phenylene sulfide).
- the method is not particularly limited, but may be a method of adding a compound such as an electron acceptor (acceptor) such as iodine or arsenic pentafluoride or an electron donor (donor) such as an alkali metal to the polymer compound.
- a member previously formed in a mesh structure may be used as the conductive member.
- a conductive member is formed of, for example, a conductive member formed of a carbon material such as carbon felt, carbon paper, or carbon cloth, or a metal material such as punching metal (a metal plate having a mesh structure formed by punching). Examples include conductive members.
- the conductive agent may be, for example, carbon black such as acetylene black or Ketjen black, or a carbon material such as graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, or carbon nanofibers. These conductive agents can be dispersed in the positive electrode electrolyte to form an electron conductive network.
- the conductive agent is preferably in the form of particles, and more preferably in the form of bulky particles.
- the content of the conductive agent may be 5 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode electrolytic solution, and the conductive member contained in the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9. It may be.
- the positive electrode mixture layer according to the second aspect is a layer provided on the positive electrode current collector 6.
- the positive electrode mixture layer contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- the positive electrode active material and the conductive agent may be the same as those exemplified in the positive electrode active material and the conductive agent in the first aspect.
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 70% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less based on the total mass of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the content of the conductive agent may be 0.1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less based on the total mass of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the binder is not limited as long as it does not decompose on the surface of the positive mixture layer, but is a group consisting of ethylene tetrafluoride, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, acrylic acid, maleic acid, ethyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate. It may be a polymer containing at least one selected as a monomer unit, a rubber such as styrene-butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, or acrylic rubber.
- the binder is preferably a copolymer containing ethylene tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride as structural units.
- the content of the binder may be 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer may be 10 ⁇ m or more, 15 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or more, and may be 100 ⁇ m or less, 80 ⁇ m or less, or 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the material used for the positive electrode mixture layer is dispersed in a dispersion medium using a kneader, a disperser, or the like to obtain a slurry-like positive electrode mixture, and then this positive electrode mixture is used by the doctor blade method. It can be obtained by applying it on the positive electrode current collector 6 by a dipping method, a spray method or the like, and then volatilizing the dispersion medium. After volatilizing the dispersion medium, a compression molding step by a roll press may be provided, if necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer may be formed as a multilayer structure positive electrode mixture layer by performing the above-mentioned steps from application of the positive electrode mixture to volatilization of the dispersion medium a plurality of times.
- the dispersion medium may be water, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter, also referred to as NMP) or the like.
- the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9 may further contain a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent.
- the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9 further contains a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent, the non-aqueous solvent is gelled, so that leakage of the non-aqueous solvent is suppressed, and the secondary battery is excellent in terms of safety. Can be possible.
- the negative electrode electrolyte portion 10 further contains a polymer capable of gelling the non-aqueous solvent, the permeation of the non-aqueous solvent and the like becomes difficult to proceed. Therefore, the secondary battery uses the positive electrode electrolyte portion 9 It is not necessary to provide the electrolyte layer 8 between the negative electrode electrolyte unit 10 and the negative electrode electrolyte unit 10.
- non-aqueous solvent gelled polymer means a polymer capable of significantly reducing the fluidity of the non-aqueous solvent, and specifically, the following. In the evaluation of fluidity, it means a polymer in which the distance between the position A and the position B is less than 1 cm.
- a non-aqueous solvent and a non-aqueous solvent gel in a glass vial manufactured by AS ONE Corporation, Labran screw tube bottle No. 4, 13.5 mL, bottom diameter: about 2 cm, height: about 4 cm, cylindrical shape.
- the lid is closed.
- the temperature is 25 ° C. with the bottom side of the glass vial bottle facing down and the lid side facing up.
- Position A is the position of the uppermost surface (the surface farthest from the bottom surface of the glass vial) of the mixture of the non-aqueous solvent and the non-aqueous solvent gelled polymer in the glass vial after standing. Then, the glass vial is allowed to stand at 25 ° C. for 10 minutes in a state where the top and bottom of the glass vial are reversed (the bottom side of the glass vial is up and the lid side is down).
- Position B is the position of the lowermost surface (the surface farthest from the bottom surface of the glass vial) of the mixture of the non-aqueous solvent and the non-aqueous solvent gelled polymer in the glass vial after standing. The fluidity is evaluated based on the distance between the position A and the position B thus obtained.
- Non-aqueous solvent gelled polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, methyl polymethacrylate, methyl polyacrylate, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), poly (diallyldimethyl). It may be ammonium-bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide) or the like.
- the non-aqueous solvent gelled polymer can also be obtained by mixing with a non-aqueous solvent in the state of monoma or oligoma and polymerizing. The polymerization can be carried out by heat or light irradiation using a polymerization initiator, if necessary.
- the content of the non-aqueous solvent gelled polymer is 0.01 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the positive electrode active material, the positive electrode electrolytic solution, and the conductive member contained in the positive electrode electrolyte part 9. It may be 20 parts by mass or less.
- the negative electrode current collector 7 is made of, for example, copper, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, calcined carbon, a conductive polymer, conductive glass, an aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 7 may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode electrolyte portion 10 contains a negative electrode electrolyte.
- the negative electrode electrolyte contains an electrolyte salt and a non-aqueous solvent containing a second solvent.
- the type and concentration of the electrolyte salt may be the same as the type and concentration of the electrolyte salt in the negative electrode electrolyte unit 10.
- the thickness of the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 may be, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 2000 ⁇ m or less.
- the non-aqueous solvent is a solvent capable of dissolving the electrolyte salt contained in the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10.
- the non-aqueous solvent contains a second solvent that can be suitably used only for the negative electrode electrolytic solution (not suitable for the negative electrode electrolytic solution).
- the non-aqueous solvent may consist of a second solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain, in addition to the second solvent, another solvent that can be suitably used for both the positive electrode electrolytic solution and the negative electrode electrolytic solution.
- the second solvent is a solvent having reduction stability with respect to the negative electrode, and the reduction potential is lower (base) than the potential of the negative electrode.
- the second solvent is, for example, a solvent lower than 0 V (base) with respect to the metallic lithium potential or a solvent lower (base) than ⁇ 3.04 V (vsSHE) with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode potential. You can.
- the second solvent one type can be used alone or two or more types can be used in combination.
- the reduction potential of the second solvent can be evaluated, for example, by the lowest molecular orbital (LUMO) energy according to the frontier orbital theory.
- the LUMO is preferably calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) as in the case of HOMO.
- DFT density functional theory
- the basis function is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use 6-31G (d), 6-31G (d, p) and the like.
- LUMO may be averaged and used as an index according to the volume ratio thereof, or may be evaluated experimentally as follows, for example.
- a glassy carbon electrode or the like may be used to sweep to a low potential by linear sweep voltammetry, and for example, a potential at which the reduction current generated by decomposition is 50 mA / cm 2 or more may be regarded as the reduction potential.
- a potential at which the reduction current generated by decomposition is 50 mA / cm 2 or more may be regarded as the reduction potential.
- the second solvent examples include ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethyl acetate, ethyl pentanate, dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, diethyl methyl malonate, diethyl succinate, diethyl glutarate, diethyl azelaite, ethyl heptate, Heptanoic acid, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, ethylpropyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol bis (3-aminopropyl) ether, diethylene glycol bis (3-aminopropyl) ether, ethylene glycol bis (propionitrile) Ether, bis [2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl ether, 12-crown-4, 18-crown-6, taurine, N-methyltaurine, 2- (methylamino) ethanol, diaminohexane, ⁇
- the second solvent is 12-crown-4, 18-crown-6, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, ethyl heptanoate, It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, ethylene glycol bis (propionitrile) ether, 2- (methylamino) ethanol, and diaminohexane.
- the formation of SEI on the surface of the negative electrode active material can be suitably controlled.
- the second solvent examples include vinylene carbonate, propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1,3-propensalton, ethyl methane sultone, ethylene sulfide, trifluoromethane ethylene carbonate, fluorobenzene, and fluoro. Ethylene carbonate and the like can also be mentioned.
- the second solvent may be vinylene carbonate or fluoroethylene carbonate.
- the content of the second solvent is 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, 10% by mass or more, 15% by mass or more, or 20% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent in the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10. It may be 100% by mass or less, 95% by mass or less, or 90% by mass or less.
- the other solvent may be the same as that exemplified for the other solvent in the positive electrode electrolytic solution section 9.
- the content of the other solvent may be 1% by mass or more, 3% by mass or more, or 5% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the non-aqueous solvent in the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10, 95% by mass or less, 90% by mass or more. It may be less than or equal to 80% by mass or less.
- the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 may further contain a negative electrode active material. Similar to the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material exists in a state of being dispersed in the negative electrode electrolytic solution (a state of not being held (fixed) in the negative electrode current collector 7) as one aspect (third aspect). As another aspect (fourth aspect), a negative electrode mixture layer containing a negative electrode active material is provided on the negative electrode current collector 7 in a state of being held (fixed) by the negative electrode current collector 7. It may exist in the state).
- the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 further contains a conductive member having a network structure provided so as to conduct the negative electrode current collector and the electrolyte layer, and a conductive agent. The negative electrode active material may be held by the conductive member.
- the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 may further contain a binder and a conductive agent.
- the negative electrode active material those commonly used in the field of energy devices can be used.
- the negative electrode active material include metallic lithium, lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ), lithium alloy or other metal compounds, carbon materials, metal complexes, organic polymer compounds and the like. ..
- the negative electrode active material may be one of these alone or a mixture of two or more of them.
- carbon materials include natural graphite (scaly graphite, etc.), graphite such as artificial graphite (graphite), amorphous carbon, carbon fiber, and acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black. Such as carbon black and the like.
- the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element, a negative electrode active material containing tin as a constituent element, or the like from the viewpoint of obtaining a larger theoretical capacity (for example, 500 to 1500 Ah / kg).
- the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element.
- the negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element may be an alloy containing silicon as a constituent element, for example, silicon and nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver, titanium, germanium, bismuth, etc. It may be an alloy containing at least one selected from the group consisting of antimony and chromium as a constituent element.
- the negative electrode active material containing silicon as a constituent element may be an oxide, a nitride, or a carbide, and specifically, for example, silicon oxide such as SiO, SiO 2 , LiSiO, Si 3 N 4 , Si. 2 N 2 O such as silicon nitride, may the like of silicon carbide such as SiC.
- the negative electrode active material may be 10 parts by mass or more and 80 parts by mass or less with respect to the total mass of 100 parts by mass of the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode electrolytic solution, and the conductive member contained in the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10. You can.
- the conductive member may be the same as that exemplified for the conductive member contained in the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9.
- the conductive member may be provided in a part of the negative electrode electrolytic solution section 10, or may be provided so as to fill the entire negative electrode electrolytic solution section 10.
- the conductive agent may be the same as that exemplified for the conductive agent contained in the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9.
- the content of the conductive agent may be 5 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode electrolytic solution, and the conductive member contained in the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10. It may be.
- the negative electrode active material falls off from the negative electrode current collector 7.
- the electrode containing the negative electrode active material cannot function, and the discharge capacity of the secondary battery may decrease.
- the negative electrode active material is not fixed to the negative electrode current collector 7 via the binder, but is dispersed in the negative electrode electrolytic solution. Therefore, as compared with the conventional secondary battery in which the negative electrode active material is held on the negative electrode current collector, it is possible to suppress a decrease in discharge capacity due to pulverization of the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode mixture layer according to the fourth aspect is a layer provided on the negative electrode current collector 7.
- the negative electrode mixture layer contains a negative electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- the negative electrode active material and the conductive agent may be the same as those exemplified in the negative electrode active material and the conductive agent in the third aspect.
- the content of the negative electrode active material may be 70% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less based on the total mass of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the content of the conductive agent may be 0.1% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less based on the total mass of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the binder may be the same as that exemplified for the binder contained in the positive electrode mixture layer according to the second aspect.
- the content of the binder may be 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer may be 10 ⁇ m or more, 15 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the negative electrode mixture layer may be 100 ⁇ m or less, 80 ⁇ m or less, or 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 may further contain a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent.
- the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 further contains a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent, the non-aqueous solvent is gelled, so that leakage of the non-aqueous solvent is suppressed, and the secondary battery is excellent in terms of safety. Can be.
- the non-aqueous solvent gelled polymer may be the same as that exemplified for the non-aqueous solvent gelled polymer contained in the positive electrode mixture layer according to the second aspect.
- the content of the non-aqueous solvent gelled polymer is 0.01 part by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode electrolytic solution, and the conductive member contained in the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10. It may be 20 parts by mass or less.
- the secondary battery 1 may further include an electrolyte layer 8 between the positive electrode electrolyte unit 9 and the negative electrode electrolyte unit 10.
- the electrolyte layer 8 allows a cation (for example, a lithium cation) derived from an electrolyte salt contained in the positive electrode electrolyte portion 9 and the negative electrode electrolyte portion 10 to permeate, while is contained in the positive electrode electrolyte portion 9 and the negative electrode electrolyte portion 10. It is a layer that does not allow components other than the active material (positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material) and cations (for example, non-aqueous solvent) to permeate.
- the electrolyte layer 8 may be, for example, a non-porous electrolyte layer 8 (electrolyte layer 8 having no pores).
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer 8 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of obtaining excellent strength, and the resistance of ion conduction in the electrolyte layer 8 can be lowered, and as a result, the resistance of the secondary battery 1 can be lowered. Therefore, it is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive electrode electrolytic solution portion 9 and the negative electrode electrolytic solution portion 10 further contain a polymer capable of gelling a non-aqueous solvent, the positive electrode electrolytic solution and the negative electrode electrolytic solution are gelled and are non-aqueous. Since it becomes difficult for the solvent or the like to permeate, the secondary battery 1 may or may not have the electrolyte layer 8 between the positive electrode electrolyte section 9 and the negative electrode electrolyte section 10.
- Such an electrolyte layer 8 may be a solid electrolyte material exhibiting lithium ion conductivity, and may be formed of, for example, an oxide-based solid electrolyte or a polymer.
- the electrolyte layer 8 may be, for example, a perfluorosulfonic acid-based ion exchange membrane.
- the perfluorosulfonic acid-based ion exchange membrane is composed of, for example, a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1).
- x is an integer of 1 to 20
- y is an integer of 1 to 1000
- m is 0 or 1
- n is an integer of 1 to 10
- X is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an alkaline earth. Represents a metal atom.
- Such polymers can be synthesized, for example, by known methods, Nafion (registered trademark, manufactured by Dow DuPont Co., Ltd.), Dow membrane (manufactured by Dow DuPont Co., Ltd.), Aciplex (registered trademark, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation). It can also be purchased as Flemion (registered trademark, manufactured by AGC Inc.).
- the polymer constituting the electrolyte layer 8 is, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, sulfonated polyimide, sulfonated poly (etheretherketone). , Sulfated poly (ethersulfone), or sulfonated poly (p-phenylene). These polymers are preferably used by ion exchange.
- the above-mentioned secondary battery 1 can be manufactured by using a known manufacturing method.
- the positive electrode electrolyte section 9 and the negative electrode electrolyte section 10 are provided independently (separately), the positive electrode electrolyte section 9 is suitable only for the positive electrode electrolyte.
- the first solvent can be used, and the second solvent, which is suitable only for the negative electrode electrolytic solution, may not be used.
- a second solvent suitable only for the negative electrode electrolytic solution can be used, and it is not necessary to use the first solvent suitable only for the positive electrode electrolytic solution.
- the non-aqueous solvent contained in the positive electrode electrolytic solution and the non-aqueous solvent contained in the negative electrode electrolytic solution described later may be different from each other, and the positive electrode electrolytic solution and the negative electrode electrolytic solution have a composition suitable for each electrode.
- the electrolyte can be used separately.
- a conventional secondary battery that uses a common electrolytic solution for the positive electrode and the negative electrode for example, when a component suitable for the negative electrode is added to the electrolytic solution, the component is unsuitable for the positive electrode.
- the amount of the secondary battery added so as not to deteriorate the performance of the entire secondary battery. Therefore, in the secondary battery of the present embodiment in which such restrictions do not occur, the performance of the secondary battery can be improved as compared with the conventional secondary battery in which a common electrolytic solution is used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- Example 1> (Making a secondary battery) LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 2 (oxidation-reduction potential: 4.8 V (vsLi + / Li)) 50 parts by mass and acetylene black 20 parts by mass, acetonitrile (dehydrated grade) 30 parts by mass and LiBF 4 (Kishida Chemistry) (Manufactured by Co., Ltd.) A positive electrode electrolyte was prepared by dispersing it in 3 parts by mass with a ball mill.
- Lithium ion conductive glass manufactured by OHARA Corporation, LICGC was prepared as the electrolyte layer.
- Carbon felt (AvCarb G100 Soft Graphite Battery Felt, manufactured by AvCarb Material Solutions) was arranged on both sides of the electrolyte layer as conductive members.
- an aluminum foil positive electrode current collector
- a copper foil negative electrode current collector
- the above-mentioned positive electrode electrolyte is injected between the positive electrode current collector and the electrolyte layer, and the above-mentioned negative electrode electrolyte is injected between the negative electrode current collector and the electrolyte layer.
- Heat pressed at ° C. The laminate is covered with an aluminum laminate bag (exterior body) so that a part of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector protrudes to the outside, and then a glass plate is sandwiched on both sides, and an external pressure of 0.3 MP is applied to seal the laminate. By doing so, a secondary battery was obtained.
- the oxidation potential of the first solvent was evaluated by the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy according to the frontier orbital theory.
- the HOMO was calculated by the density functional theory (DFT), and 6-31G (d) was used as the basis function.
- Table 1 shows the oxidation potential of the first solvent with respect to the metallic lithium potential.
- the oxidation potentials of the first solvent were all higher than the potential of the positive electrode (4.8 V (vsLi + / Li)).
- the reduction potential of the second solvent was then evaluated by the lowest molecular orbital (LUMO) energy according to the frontier orbital theory.
- the LUMO was calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) as in the HOMO, and 6-31G (d) was used as the basis function.
- Table 1 shows the reduction potential of the second solvent with respect to the metallic lithium potential. The reduction potential of the second solvent was lower than the potential of the negative electrode (0.4 V (vsLi + / Li)).
- Examples 2 to 9> Manufacturing of secondary batteries and evaluation of secondary batteries
- a secondary battery was prepared and the secondary battery was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that the solvent of the positive electrode electrolytic solution and the solvent of the negative electrode electrolytic solution were changed to the solvents shown in Table 1.
- the electrolytic solution solvent was used after being dehydrated as necessary. The results of the capacity retention rate are shown in Table 1.
- the secondary battery according to one aspect of the present invention can suppress a decrease in discharge capacity, and can suppress a decrease in battery performance even when the voltage is increased. confirmed.
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Abstract
Description
正極活物質は、例えば、リチウム酸化物であってよい。リチウム酸化物としては、例えば、LixCoO2、LixNiO2、LixMnO2、LixCoyNi1-yO2、LixCoyM1-yOz、LixNi1-yMyOz、LixMn2O4及びLixMn2-yMyO4(各式中、Mは、Na、Mg、Sc、Y、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Zn、Al、Cr、Pb、Sb、V及びBからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素を示す(ただし、Mは、各式中の他の元素と異なる元素である)。x=0~1.2、y=0~0.9、z=2.0~2.3である。)が挙げられる。LixNi1-yMyOzで表されるリチウム酸化物は、LixNi1-(y1+y2)Coy1Mny2Oz(ただし、x及びzは上述したものと同様であり、y1=0~0.9、y2=0~0.9であり、且つ、y1+y2=0~0.9である。)であってよく、例えば、LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2、LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2、LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2であってよい。LixNi1-yMyOzで表されるリチウム酸化物は、LixNi1-(y3+y4)Coy3Aly4Oz(ただし、x及びzは上述したものと同様であり、y3=0~0.9、y4=0~0.9であり、且つ、y3+y4=0~0.9である。)であってよく、例えば、LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2であってもよい。
第2の態様に係る正極合剤層は、正極集電体6上に設けられた層である。正極合剤層は、一実施形態において、正極活物質と、導電剤と、結着剤とを含む。正極活物質及び導電剤は、第1の態様における正極活物質及び導電剤で例示したものと同様であってよい。
負極活物質は、エネルギーデバイスの分野で常用されるものを使用できる。負極活物質としては、具体的には、例えば、金属リチウム、チタン酸リチウム(Li4Ti5O12)、リチウム合金又はその他の金属化合物、炭素材料、金属錯体、有機高分子化合物等が挙げられる。負極活物質はこれらの1種単独、若しくは2種以上の混合物であってよい。炭素材料としては、天然黒鉛(鱗片状黒鉛等)、人造黒鉛等の黒鉛(グラファイト)、非晶質炭素、炭素繊維、及びアセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、チャンネルブラック、ファーネスブラック、ランプブラック、サーマルブラック等のカーボンブラックなどが挙げられる。負極活物質は、より大きな理論容量(例えば、500~1500Ah/kg)を得る観点から、ケイ素を構成元素として含む負極活物質、スズを構成元素として含む負極活物質等であってもよい。これらの中でも、負極活物質は、ケイ素を構成元素として含む負極活物質であってよい。
第4の態様に係る負極合剤層は、負極集電体7上に設けられた層である。負極合剤層は、一実施形態において、負極活物質と、導電剤と、結着剤とを含む。負極活物質及び導電剤は、第3の態様における負極活物質及び導電剤で例示したもの同様であってよい。
<実施例1>
(二次電池の作製)
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2(酸化還元電位:4.8V(vsLi+/Li))50質量部及びアセチレンブラック20質量部を、アセトニトリル(脱水グレード)30質量部及びLiBF4(キシダ化学株式会社製)3質量部にボールミルで分散させ、正極電解液を作製した。また、Si(アルドリッチ社製、ナノシリコン(100nm以下)、酸化還元電位:0.4V(vsLi+/Li))50質量部及びアセチレンブラック20質量部を、1,2-ジメトキシエタン(キシダ化学株式会社製)30質量部及びLiBF43質量部にビーズミルで粉砕しながら分散させ、負極電解液を作製した。
第1の溶媒の酸化電位をフロンティア軌道理論による最高被占分子軌道(HOMO)エネルギーによって評価した。HOMOの計算は、密度汎関数(DFT)で計算し、基底関数として6-31G(d)を用いた。金属リチウム電位に対する第1の溶媒の酸化電位を表1に示す。第1の溶媒は、酸化電位がいずれも正極の電位(4.8V(vsLi+/Li))よりも高かった。次いで、第2の溶媒の還元電位をフロンティア軌道理論による最低空分子軌道(LUMO)エネルギーによって評価した。LUMOの計算は、HOMOと同様、密度汎関数(DFT)で計算し、基底関数として6-31G(d)を用いた。金属リチウム電位に対する第2の溶媒の還元電位を表1に示す。第2の溶媒は、還元電位がいずれも負極の電位(0.4V(vsLi+/Li))よりも低かった。
25℃において、得られた二次電池を0.1Cに相当する電流で5.0Vまで充電した後、0.1Cに相当する電流で3.0Vまで放電を行い、初期(1サイクル目)の放電容量Xを測定した。この充電及び放電のサイクルを2サイクル行った後、0.5Cに相当する電流で充電し、0.5Cに相当する電流で放電するサイクルを100サイクル行った。100サイクル後の放電容量Yを測定し、放電容量維持率(=Y/X×100(%))を算出したところ、92%であった。
(二次電池の作製及び二次電池の評価)
正極電解液の溶媒及び負極電解液の溶媒を表1に示す溶媒に変更した以外は、実施例2-1と同様にして、二次電池の作製及び二次電池の評価を行った。なお、電解液溶媒は必要に応じて脱水処理を実施してから使用した。容量維持率の結果を表1に示す。
Claims (12)
- 正極集電体と、
負極集電体と、
前記正極集電体と前記負極集電体との間に、前記正極集電体と接するように設けられた、正極電解液を含有する正極電解液部と、
前記正極集電体と前記負極集電体との間に、前記負極集電体と接するように設けられた、負極電解液を含有する負極電解液部と、
を備え、
前記正極電解液が、電解質塩と、第1の溶媒を含む非水溶媒とを含み、
前記負極電解液が、電解質塩と、第2の溶媒を含む非水溶媒とを含み、
前記第2の溶媒は、還元電位が前記負極の電位よりも低い溶媒である、二次電池。 - 前記第1の溶媒は、酸化電位が前記正極の電位よりも高い溶媒である、請求項1に記載の二次電池。
- 前記正極電解液部と前記負極電解液部との間に電解質層を更に備える、請求項1又は2に記載の二次電池。
- 前記正極電解液部が、前記非水溶媒をゲル化可能なポリマーを更に含有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極電解液部が、前記非水溶媒をゲル化可能なポリマーを更に含有する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第2の溶媒が、12-クラウン-4、18-クラウン-6、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、γ-ブチロラクトン、1-メチル-2-ピロリジノン、ヘプタン酸エチル、テトラヒドロフラン、エチレングリコールビス(プロピオニトリル)エーテル、2-(メチルアミノ)エタノール、及びジアミノヘキサンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第2の溶媒の含有量が、前記負極電解液における前記非水溶媒の全量を基準として、10質量%以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第1の溶媒が、リン酸トリス(2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル)、アセトニトリル、スクシノニトリル、アジポニトリル、クロロエチレンカーボネート、ニトロメタン、及びエチレンカーボネートからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記第1の溶媒の含有量が、前記正極電解液における前記非水溶媒の全量を基準として、10質量%以上である、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記正極電解液に含まれる前記非水溶媒と前記負極電解液に含まれる前記非水溶媒とが互いに異なる、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
- 前記負極電解液部が、ケイ素を構成元素として含む負極活物質及び結着剤を更に含有し、
前記負極活物質が、前記負極集電体に保持されている、請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。 - 前記正極電解液部が、正極活物質及び結着剤を更に含有し、
前記正極活物質が、金属リチウム電位に対して、4V以上の作動電位を有する正極活物質であり、かつ前記正極集電体に保持されている、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の二次電池。
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| EP3985760B1 (en) | 2025-09-03 |
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| EP3985777B1 (en) | 2025-09-03 |
| US12237472B2 (en) | 2025-02-25 |
| TW202107761A (zh) | 2021-02-16 |
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