WO2020255902A1 - Machine-outil, procédé de commande de machine-outil et programme de commande de machine-outil - Google Patents

Machine-outil, procédé de commande de machine-outil et programme de commande de machine-outil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020255902A1
WO2020255902A1 PCT/JP2020/023327 JP2020023327W WO2020255902A1 WO 2020255902 A1 WO2020255902 A1 WO 2020255902A1 JP 2020023327 W JP2020023327 W JP 2020023327W WO 2020255902 A1 WO2020255902 A1 WO 2020255902A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
work
tool
boring
machine tool
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2020/023327
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
敏 宮本
哲寛 泉
悟 神田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DMG Mori Co Ltd
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DMG Mori Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DMG Mori Co Ltd filed Critical DMG Mori Co Ltd
Priority to CN202080044575.7A priority Critical patent/CN114007787B/zh
Publication of WO2020255902A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020255902A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/54—Arrangements or details not restricted to group B23Q5/02 or group B23Q5/22 respectively, e.g. control handles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4093—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part program, for the NC machine

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to a technique for controlling boring in a machine tool.
  • Boring is a general term for processing to form holes in a work and polishing the formed holes. Boring is also called inner diameter machining.
  • Z direction the direction of gravity
  • Y direction the direction of gravity
  • X direction the direction orthogonal to both Z direction and Y direction
  • the machine tool When boring in the horizontal direction (Z direction), the machine tool first controls the servomotor for the X direction and the servomotor for the Y direction, and feeds and drives the spindle in the XY direction. Next, the machine tool controls the servomotor for the Z direction and feeds and drives the spindle in the horizontal direction. As a result, the work is cut in the horizontal direction, and holes are formed in the work.
  • Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-252041 discloses a machine tool provided with a brake mechanism for a servomotor for the direction of gravity.
  • the machine tool locks the feed drive of the spindle in the direction of gravity during boring. As a result, the machine tool prevents the spindle from falling during a power failure.
  • the boring tool By the way, if the boring tool is pulled out from the work while the boring tool is in contact with the work, the boring tool may be damaged or the work may be damaged. Therefore, the boring tool needs to be pulled out from the work after eliminating the contact with the work.
  • Various methods can be considered as a method of eliminating the contact between the boring tool and the work.
  • the machine tool releases the lock of the brake mechanism and then feeds and drives the boring tool to eliminate the contact between the boring tool and the work.
  • a power failure may occur during unlocking, in which case the spindle will fall.
  • the boring tool is damaged. Therefore, there is a demand for a technique capable of pulling out the boring tool from the work in a state where the feed drive of the boring tool in the direction of gravity is locked.
  • a machine tool in one example of the present disclosure, includes a spindle to which a tool used for boring of a workpiece can be attached, a table for fixing the workpiece, and a rotary drive unit for rotationally driving the spindle.
  • a position driving unit for changing the relative position of the tool with respect to the work is provided by moving at least one position of the spindle and the table.
  • the position driving unit includes a first motor for changing the relative position in the horizontal direction, a second motor for changing the relative position in the gravity direction, and the relative position in the horizontal direction and the gravity direction. It includes a third motor for changing in a direction orthogonal to both of the above.
  • the machine tool further includes a brake mechanism for locking the drive of the second motor and a control device for controlling the machine tool.
  • the control device controls the first motor and the second motor, and after the process of moving the tool to a predetermined machining start position and the process of moving the tool to the machining start position are completed, the brake mechanism A process of controlling the drive of the second motor to lock the drive of the second motor, and a process of controlling the rotary drive unit and the third motor while maintaining the lock of the second motor to execute the boring process of the work.
  • the process of controlling the first motor and canceling the contact between the work and the tool while maintaining the lock of the second motor and the process of canceling the contact are completed.
  • the third motor is controlled, and the process of pulling out the tool from the work is executed while the lock of the second motor is maintained.
  • control device is further set to the previous machining position of the work after the process of pulling out the tool from the work is completed and before the next boring of the work is started. If the next machining position of the work is different in the direction of gravity, the process of unlocking the second motor is executed.
  • control device is further set to the previous machining position of the work after the process of pulling out the tool from the work is completed and before the next boring of the work is started. If the next machining position of the work is the same in the direction of gravity, the process of maintaining the lock of the second motor is executed.
  • control device further executes a process of maintaining the lock of the second motor when the machine tool stops abnormally during the boring process of the work.
  • control device executes a process of directing the blade of the tool in a direction different from the direction of gravity after the boring process of the work is completed and before controlling the first motor. To do.
  • a method of controlling a machine tool includes a spindle to which a tool used for boring of a workpiece can be attached, a table for fixing the workpiece, a rotary drive unit for rotationally driving the spindle, and the spindle and the table.
  • a position driving unit for changing the relative position of the tool with respect to the work is provided by moving at least one position of the above.
  • the position driving unit includes a first motor for changing the relative position in the horizontal direction, a second motor for changing the relative position in the gravity direction, and the relative position in the horizontal direction and the gravity direction. It includes a third motor for changing in a direction orthogonal to both of the above.
  • the machine tool further includes a braking mechanism for locking the drive of the second motor.
  • the control method controls the first motor and the second motor, controls the step of moving the tool to a predetermined machining start position, and controls the brake mechanism after the moving step is completed, and controls the second motor.
  • the first motor is controlled, and the third motor is controlled after the step of canceling the contact between the work and the tool while maintaining the lock of the second motor and the step of canceling the contact are completed. Then, the step of pulling out the tool from the work while maintaining the lock of the second motor is provided.
  • a machine tool control program includes a spindle to which a tool used for boring of a workpiece can be attached, a table for fixing the workpiece, a rotary drive unit for rotationally driving the spindle, and the spindle and the table.
  • a position driving unit for changing the relative position of the tool with respect to the work is provided by moving at least one position of the above.
  • the position driving unit includes a first motor for changing the relative position in the horizontal direction, a second motor for changing the relative position in the gravity direction, and the relative position in the horizontal direction and the gravity direction. It includes a third motor for changing in a direction orthogonal to both of the above.
  • the machine tool further includes a braking mechanism for locking the drive of the second motor.
  • the control program controls the first motor and the second motor to the machine tool, and controls the brake mechanism after the step of moving the tool to a predetermined machining start position and the step of moving the tool are completed. Then, a step of locking the drive of the second motor, a step of controlling the rotary drive unit and the third motor while maintaining the lock of the second motor, and a step of executing the boring process of the work, and the above.
  • the first motor is controlled, and the contact between the work and the tool is released while the lock of the second motor is maintained, and after the release step is completed, the above is performed.
  • the third motor is controlled, and the step of pulling out the tool from the work is executed while the lock of the second motor is maintained.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • CNC Computer Numerical Control
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a device configuration of the machine tool 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows a machine tool 10 as a machining center.
  • the machine tool 10 as a machining center will be described, but the machine tool 10 is not limited to the machining center.
  • the machine tool 10 may be a lathe, another cutting machine, or a grinding machine.
  • the machine tool 10 is a horizontal machining center on which tools are mounted horizontally.
  • the machine tool 10 includes a control device 50, a brake mechanism 110, servo drivers 111R, 111X to 111Z, servomotors 112R, 112X to 112Z, a moving body 113, and a spindle head 131. , The boring tool 134 and the table 136.
  • control device 50 as used herein means a device that controls the machine tool 10.
  • the device configuration of the control device 50 is arbitrary.
  • the control device 50 may be composed of a single control unit or a plurality of control units.
  • the control device 50 is composed of a CPU unit 20 as a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), a CNC unit 30, and an I / O (Input Output) unit 40.
  • the CPU unit 20, the CNC unit 30, and the I / O unit 40 are connected to the fieldbus B and communicate with each other via the fieldbus B.
  • the direction in which the boring tool 134 makes a hole (that is, the left-right direction of the paper surface) is referred to as "Z direction", and the direction of gravity (that is, the vertical direction of the paper surface) is referred to as "Y direction”.
  • the direction orthogonal to both the direction and the Y direction is referred to as the "X direction”.
  • the spindle head 131 is composed of a spindle 132 and a housing 133.
  • the spindle 132 is arranged inside the housing 133.
  • a tool for machining the work W which is a work piece, is mounted on the spindle 132.
  • a boring tool 134 used for boring of the work W is mounted on the spindle 132.
  • the boring tool 134 has one blade protruding from the tool shaft.
  • the CPU unit 20 controls various units constituting the control device 50 according to a PLC program prepared in advance.
  • the PLC program is described by, for example, a ladder program.
  • the CNC unit 30 starts executing a machining program prepared in advance based on the machining start command from the CPU unit 20, and controls the servo drivers 111R, 111X to 111Z according to the machining program. , The work W fixed to the table 136 is processed.
  • the machining program is described by, for example, an NC (Numerical Control) program.
  • the servo driver 111R sequentially receives the input of the target rotation speed from the CNC unit 30 and controls the servo motor 112R (rotation drive unit).
  • the servomotor 112R rotationally drives the spindle 132 around the axis in the Z direction. More specifically, the servo driver 111R calculates the actual rotation speed of the servo motor 112R from the feedback signal of an encoder (not shown) for detecting the rotation angle of the servo motor 112R, and the actual rotation speed is the target rotation speed. If it is smaller than, the rotation speed of the servomotor 112R is increased, and if the actual rotation speed is larger than the target rotation speed, the rotation speed of the servomotor 112R is decreased. In this way, the servo driver 111R brings the rotation speed of the servomotor 112R closer to the target rotation speed while sequentially receiving feedback of the rotation speed of the servomotor 112R.
  • the servo driver 111X sequentially receives the input of the target position from the CNC unit 30 and controls the servo motor 112X (first motor).
  • the servomotor 112X feeds and drives the moving body 113 to which the spindle head 131 is attached via a ball screw (not shown), and feeds and drives the spindle 132 to an arbitrary position in the X direction. More specifically, the servo driver 111X calculates the actual position of the moving body 113 from the feedback signal of the encoder (not shown) for detecting the rotation angle of the servomotor 112X, and the actual position is smaller than the target position.
  • the actual position of the servomotor 112X is raised, and when the actual position is larger than the target position, the actual position of the servomotor 112X is lowered.
  • the servo driver 111X brings the actual position of the servomotor 112X closer to the target position while sequentially receiving feedback of the actual position of the servomotor 112X.
  • the servo driver 111X feeds and drives the spindle 132 to an arbitrary position in the X direction.
  • the servo driver 111Y sequentially receives the input of the target position from the CNC unit 30 and controls the servo motor 112Y (second motor).
  • the servomotor 112Y feeds and drives the moving body 113 to which the spindle head 131 is attached via a ball screw (not shown), and feeds and drives the spindle 132 to an arbitrary position in the Y direction. Since the method of controlling the servomotor 112Y by the servo driver 111Y is the same as that of the servo driver 111X, the description thereof will not be repeated.
  • the servo driver 111Z sequentially receives input of the target position from the CNC unit 30 and controls the servo motor 112Z (third motor).
  • the servomotor 112Z feeds and drives the moving body 113 to which the spindle head 131 is attached via a ball screw (not shown), and feeds and drives the spindle 132 to an arbitrary position in the Z direction. Since the method of controlling the servomotor 112Z by the servo driver 111Z is the same as that of the servo driver 111X, the description thereof will not be repeated.
  • the CPU unit 20 outputs a control command to the brake mechanism 110 via the I / O unit 40 to lock the feed drive of the servomotor 112Y for the gravity direction and unlock the servomotor 112Y.
  • the brake mechanism 110 is, for example, an electromagnetic brake, an electromagnetic clutch, or other hard mechanism capable of locking the feed drive of the servomotor 112Y.
  • the brake mechanism 110 locks the feed drive of the servomotor 112Y, the moving body 113 does not fall even if a power failure occurs. This prevents the boring tool 134 from being damaged.
  • the machine tool 10 changes the relative position of the work W with respect to the boring tool 134 by feeding and driving the spindle 132
  • the relative position may be changed by feeding and driving the table 136, or the relative position may be changed by feeding and driving both the spindle 132 and the table 136.
  • the servomotor 112X may be configured to feed and drive the spindle 132 in the X direction, or may be configured to feed and drive the table 136 in the X direction.
  • the servomotor 112Y may be configured to feed and drive the spindle 132 in the Y direction, or may be configured to feed and drive the table 136 in the Y direction.
  • the servomotor 112Z may be configured to feed and drive the spindle 132 in the Z direction, or may be configured to feed and drive the table 136 in the Z direction.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing the boring process in chronological order.
  • step S1 the control device 50 of the machine tool 10 unlocks the servomotor 112Y by the brake mechanism 110, and feeds and drives the spindle 132 in the gravity direction (Y direction).
  • the control device 50 controls the servomotors 112X and 112Y, and feeds and drives the boring tool 134 in the XY directions. As a result, the boring tool 134 moves to a predetermined machining start position.
  • step S2 it is assumed that the control device 50 has completed the process of moving the boring tool 134 to the predetermined machining start position. Based on this, the control device 50 controls the brake mechanism 110 and locks the feed drive of the servomotor 112Y. As a result, the boring tool 134 becomes immobile in the direction of gravity (Y direction).
  • step S3 the control device 50 controls the servomotor 112R and the servomotor 112Z while maintaining the lock of the servomotor 112Y, and executes the boring process of the work W.
  • the boring tool 134 digs the work W in the Z direction while rotating.
  • step S4 The term "completion of boring” as used herein means that the formation of one inner diameter (hole) has been completed. Since the blade of the boring tool 134 protrudes from the tool shaft, only the blade portion is in contact with the work W when the boring process is completed. In order to eliminate this contact, it is necessary to feed and drive the boring tool 134, but since the feed drive in the Y direction (gravity direction) is locked, the control device 50 only feeds and drives in the X direction. The contact between the boring tool 134 and the work W is eliminated.
  • control device 50 controls the servomotor 112X after the boring process of the work W is completed, and eliminates the contact between the work W and the boring tool 134 while maintaining the lock of the servomotor 112Y. At this time, the control device 50 feeds and drives the servomotor 112X in the direction in which the blade of the boring tool 134 is separated from the inner diameter surface of the work W.
  • the blade of the boring tool 134 may be oriented in the Y direction (gravity direction) when the boring process is completed. In this case, the contact between the boring tool 134 and the work W is not eliminated only by feeding and driving the boring tool 134 in the X direction. Therefore, when the blade of the boring tool 134 is oriented in the Y direction (gravity direction), the control device 50 directs the blade of the boring tool 134 in a direction different from the Y direction (gravity direction), and then, The boring tool 134 is fed and driven in the X direction to eliminate the contact between the boring tool 134 and the work W.
  • the control device 50 directs the blade of the boring tool 134 in a direction different from the Y direction (gravity direction)
  • the boring tool 134 is fed and driven in the X direction to eliminate the contact between the boring tool 134 and the work W.
  • the control device 50 directs the blade of the boring tool 134 to the positive side in the X direction and then moves the boring tool 134 to the negative side in the X direction.
  • the control device 50 directs the blade of the boring tool 134 toward the negative side in the X direction, and then moves the boring tool 134 to the positive side in the X direction. As a result, the contact between the boring tool 134 and the work W is more reliably eliminated.
  • step S5 the control device 50 controls the servomotor 112Z and pulls out the boring tool 134 from the work W while maintaining the lock of the servomotor 112Y.
  • the control device 50 feeds and drives the boring tool 134 in the X direction to eliminate the contact between the work W and the boring tool 134. This eliminates the need to unlock the servomotor 112Y when the boring tool 134 is pulled out of the work W. As a result, the machine tool 10 can shorten the machining time and can surely prevent the boring tool 134 from falling due to a power failure or an error.
  • the boring tool 134 since the boring tool 134 is pulled out from the work W after the contact between the boring tool 134 and the work W is eliminated, the boring tool 134 does not damage the work W and the boring tool 134 is prevented from being damaged. It comes off.
  • N represents an integer of 1 or more.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow of boring processing when the boring position at the Nth boring processing and the boring position at the N + 1th boring processing are the same in the direction of gravity.
  • step S11 the process of pulling out the boring tool 134 from the work W is completed, and the Nth boring process is completed.
  • a hole is formed at the machining position P of the work W by the Nth boring process.
  • the control device 50 acquires the next machining position PX (coordinate value) from the machining program, and sets the machining position P at the Nth boring machining and the machining position PX at the N + 1th boring machining in the direction of gravity. Compare with respect to (Y direction). In this example, it is assumed that the machining position P and the machining position PX are the same in the direction of gravity. In this case, in step S12, the control device 50 aligns the boring tool 134 only in the X direction while maintaining the locked state of the servomotor 112Y.
  • step S13 the control device 50 starts the N + 1th boring process and forms a hole at the processing position PX of the work W.
  • the control device 50 sets the previous machining position of the work W and the work before the process of pulling out the boring tool 134 from the work W and before the start of the next boring of the work W.
  • the next machining position of W is the same in the direction of gravity, the locked state of the servomotor 112Y by the brake mechanism 110 is maintained.
  • the control device 50 does not have to unlock the brake mechanism 110 when moving from the Nth boring process to the N + 1th boring process, and the processing time can be shortened.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a flow of boring processing when the boring position at the Nth boring processing and the boring position at the N + 1th boring processing are different in the direction of gravity.
  • step S21 the process of pulling out the boring tool 134 from the work W is completed, and the Nth boring process is completed.
  • a hole is formed at the machining position P of the work W by the Nth boring process.
  • the control device 50 acquires the next machining position PY (coordinate value) from the machining program, and sets the machining position P at the Nth boring machining and the machining position PY at the N + 1th boring machining in the direction of gravity. Compare with respect to. In this example, it is assumed that the machining position P and the machining position PY are different in the direction of gravity. In this case, the control device 50 unlocks the servomotor 112Y.
  • step S22 the control device 50 aligns the boring tool 134 in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the control device 50 locks the feed drive of the servomotor 112Y again based on the completion of the alignment.
  • step S23 the control device 50 starts the N + 1th boring process and forms a hole at the processing position PY of the work W.
  • the control device 50 sets the previous machining position of the work W and the work before the process of pulling out the boring tool 134 from the work W and before the start of the next boring of the work W.
  • the next machining position of W is different in the direction of gravity
  • the locked state of the servomotor 112Y by the brake mechanism 110 is released.
  • the control device 50 can arbitrarily change the boring position in the direction of gravity when shifting from the Nth boring process to the N + 1th boring process.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing an example of the hardware configuration of the CPU unit 20.
  • the CPU unit 20 includes a processor 51, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 52, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 53, a communication interface 54, a fieldbus controller 55, and a storage device 70. These components are connected to the internal bus 59.
  • the processor 51 is composed of, for example, at least one integrated circuit.
  • the integrated circuit is, for example, at least one CPU (Central Processing Unit), at least one GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), at least one ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), at least one FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or them. It may be composed of a combination of.
  • the processor 51 controls the operation of the CPU unit 20 by executing various programs such as the PLC program 72.
  • the PLC program 72 defines instructions for controlling various devices in the machine tool 10.
  • the processor 51 reads the PLC program 72 from the storage device 70 or the ROM 52 into the RAM 53 based on the reception of the execution instruction of the PLC program 72.
  • the RAM 53 functions as a working memory and temporarily stores various data necessary for executing the PLC program 72.
  • a LAN Local Area Network
  • an antenna or the like is connected to the communication interface 54.
  • the CPU unit 20 exchanges data with an external device (for example, a server) via the communication interface 54.
  • the CPU unit 20 may be configured so that the PLC program 72 can be downloaded from the external device.
  • the fieldbus controller 55 is an interface for realizing communication with various units connected to the fieldbus. Examples of the unit connected to the fieldbus include a CNC unit 30 and an I / O unit 40.
  • the storage device 70 is, for example, a storage medium such as a hard disk or a flash memory.
  • the storage device 70 stores the PLC program 72 and the like.
  • the storage location of the PLC program 72 is not limited to the storage device 70, and may be stored in a storage area of the processor 51 (for example, a cache memory), a ROM 52, a RAM 53, an external device (for example, a server), or the like.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing an example of the hardware configuration of the CNC unit 30.
  • the CNC unit 30 includes a processor 101, a ROM 102, a RAM 103, a communication interface 104, a fieldbus controller 105, and a storage device 120. These components are connected to the internal bus 109.
  • the processor 101 is composed of, for example, at least one integrated circuit.
  • An integrated circuit may consist of, for example, at least one CPU, at least one GPU, at least one ASIC, at least one FPGA, or a combination thereof.
  • the processor 101 controls the operation of the CNC unit 30 by executing various programs such as the machining program 122 (control program).
  • the machining program 122 defines various instructions for realizing machining of the workpiece.
  • the processor 101 reads the machining program 122 from the storage device 120 or the ROM 102 into the RAM 103 based on the reception of the execution instruction of the machining program 122.
  • the RAM 103 functions as a working memory and temporarily stores various data necessary for executing the machining program 122.
  • a LAN, an antenna, or the like is connected to the communication interface 104.
  • the CNC unit 30 exchanges data with an external device (for example, a server) via the communication interface 104.
  • the CNC unit 30 may be configured so that the machining program 122 can be downloaded from the external device.
  • the fieldbus controller 105 is an interface for realizing communication with various units connected to the fieldbus. Examples of units connected to the fieldbus include a CPU unit 20, an I / O unit 40, and the like.
  • the storage device 120 is, for example, a storage medium such as a hard disk or a flash memory.
  • the storage device 120 stores the machining program 122 and the like.
  • the storage location of the processing program 122 is not limited to the storage device 120, and may be stored in a storage area of the processor 101 (for example, a cache memory), a ROM 102, a RAM 103, an external device (for example, a server), or the like.
  • the machining program 122 may be provided by being incorporated into a part of an arbitrary program, not as a single program. In this case, the machining process by the machining program 122 is realized in cooperation with an arbitrary program. Even a program that does not include such a part of the modules does not deviate from the purpose of the machining program 122 according to the present embodiment. Further, some or all of the functions provided by the machining program 122 may be realized by dedicated hardware. Further, the machine tool 10 may be configured in the form of a so-called cloud service in which at least one server executes a part of the processing of the machining program 122.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the machine tool 10.
  • the machine tool 10 includes a control device 50, a rotary drive unit 160, a position drive unit 162, and a brake mechanism 110 as main hardware configurations.
  • the control device 50 is composed of, for example, a CPU unit 20 and a CNC unit 30.
  • the rotation drive unit 160 is a mechanism for controlling the rotation of the spindle 132 (see FIG. 1).
  • the rotation drive unit 160 includes the above-mentioned servo driver 111R (see FIG. 1) and the above-mentioned servomotor 112R (see FIG. 1).
  • the position drive unit 162 is a mechanism for changing the relative position of the boring tool 134 with respect to the work by moving at least one position of the spindle 132 and the above-mentioned table 136 (see FIG. 1).
  • the position drive unit 162 includes the above-mentioned servo drivers 111X to 111Z (see FIG. 1) and the above-mentioned servo motors 112X to 112Z (see FIG. 1).
  • the CNC unit 30 includes a machining control unit 152 and a brake control unit 154 as functional configurations.
  • the machining control unit 152 controls the servo drivers 111R, 111X to 111Z according to a predetermined machining program 122 to machine the workpiece.
  • the brake control unit 154 outputs a lock command for enabling the brake mechanism 110, a lock release command for disabling the brake mechanism 110, and the like to the CPU unit 20 in response to a command being executed by the machining program 122. To do.
  • the lock command and the lock release command are input to, for example, the PLC program 72 in the CPU unit 20.
  • the brake control unit 154 enables the lock of the brake mechanism 110 when the machine tool 10 stops abnormally during the boring process of the work, and maintains the lock of the servomotor 112Y which is responsible for the feed drive in the gravity direction.
  • the abnormality to be detected is, for example, the occurrence of an earthquake or a power outage.
  • An earthquake is detected, for example, based on the fact that the output value of an acceleration sensor mounted on the machine tool 10 exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the power failure is detected by, for example, a power failure detection circuit mounted on the machine tool 10.
  • the PLC program 72 invalidates the lock of the servomotor 112Y by the brake mechanism 110 when the lock release command is received from the CNC unit 30. More specifically, the CPU unit 20 starts supplying electric power to the brake mechanism 110 and generates an electromagnetic force in the coil of the brake mechanism 110. Due to the electromagnetic force, the brake is separated from the servomotor 112Y, and the servomotor 112Y can rotate.
  • the PLC program 72 enables the PLC program 72 to lock the servomotor 112Y by the brake mechanism 110 when a lock command is received from the CNC unit 30. More specifically, the CPU unit 20 stops the supply of electric power to the brake mechanism 110 and eliminates the electromagnetic force generated in the coil of the brake mechanism 110. When the electromagnetic force disappears, the brake comes into contact with the servomotor 112Y, and the servomotor 112Y cannot rotate.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow of boring processing.
  • the process shown in FIG. 9 is realized by the control device 50 of the machine tool 10 (typically, the processor 101 of the CNC unit 30) executing the above-mentioned machining program 122 (see FIG. 8). In other aspects, some or all of the processing may be performed by circuit elements or other hardware.
  • control device 50 sequentially executes the processing of each step shown in FIG.
  • step S110 in the control device 50, is the current position of the boring tool 134 and the machining position of the work W (that is, the boring position) at the time of the next boring machining the same in the direction of gravity? Judge whether or not.
  • the control device 50 determines that the current position of the boring tool 134 and the boring position at the time of the next boring process are the same in the direction of gravity (YES in step S110)
  • the control device 50 switches the control to step S112. If not (NO in step S110), the control device 50 switches control to step S114.
  • step S112 the control device 50 feeds and drives the boring tool 134 toward the machining start position defined in the current execution line of the machining program 122. At this time, since it is not necessary for the control device 50 to feed and drive the boring tool 134 in the gravity direction (Y direction), the control device 50 feeds and drives the boring tool 134 only in the X direction.
  • step S114 the control device 50 unlocks the servomotor 112Y by the brake mechanism 110 so that the spindle 132 can be fed and driven in the direction of gravity.
  • step S116 the control device 50 feeds and drives the boring tool 134 toward the machining start position defined in the current execution line of the machining program 122. At this time, the control device 50 feeds and drives the boring tool 134 in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • step S118 the control device 50 controls the brake mechanism 110 and locks the feed drive of the servomotor 112Y. As a result, the boring tool 134 becomes immobile in the direction of gravity (Y direction).
  • step S120 the control device 50 controls the servomotor 112R and the servomotor 112Z, and feeds and drives the boring tool 134 in the Z direction while rotationally driving it. As a result, boring of the work is started.
  • step S122 the control device 50 feeds and drives the boring tool 134 in the X direction by controlling the servomotor 112X, and eliminates the contact between the work W and the boring tool 134.
  • step S124 the control device 50 controls the servomotor 112Z and pulls out the boring tool 134 from the work.
  • the machine tool 10 feeds and drives the boring tool 134 in the X direction to eliminate the contact between the work W and the boring tool 134. This eliminates the need to unlock the servomotor 112Y when the boring tool 134 is pulled out of the work W. As a result, the machine tool 10 can shorten the machining time and can surely prevent the boring tool 134 from falling due to a power failure or an error.
  • the boring tool 134 since the boring tool 134 is pulled out from the work W after the contact between the boring tool 134 and the work W is eliminated, the boring tool 134 does not damage the work W and the boring tool 134 is prevented from being damaged. It comes off.
  • 10 machine tools 20 CPU units, 30 CNC units, 40 I / O units, 50 control devices, 51,101 processors, 52,102 ROMs, 53,103 RAMs, 54,104 communication interfaces, 55,105 fieldbus controllers, 59,109 internal bus, 70,120 storage device, 72 PLC program, 110 brake mechanism, 111R, 111X, 111Y, 111Z servo driver, 112R, 112X, 112Y, 112Z servo motor, 113 moving body, 122 machining program, 131 spindle Head, 132 spindle, 133 housing, 134 boring tool, 136 table, 152 machining control unit, 154 brake control unit, 160 rotation drive unit, 162 position drive unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une machine-outil (100) comprenant : une partie d'entraînement en rotation (112R) pour entraîner en rotation un arbre principal ; un premier moteur (112X) pour modifier la position relative d'un outil par rapport à une pièce à usiner dans la direction horizontale ; un deuxième moteur (112Y) pour modifier ladite position relative dans la direction gravitationnelle ; un troisième moteur (112Z) pour modifier ladite position relative dans une direction orthogonale à la fois à la direction horizontale et à la direction gravitationnelle ; et un mécanisme de frein (110) pour verrouiller l'entraînement du deuxième moteur (112Y). Une unité de commande (50) de la machine-outil (100) exécute : un processus pour verrouiller l'entraînement du deuxième moteur (112Y) ; un processus pour l'usinage par alésage de la pièce à usiner tout en maintenant le deuxième moteur (112Y) verrouillé ; un processus pour, une fois que ledit usinage est terminé, commander le premier moteur (112X) et libérer le contact entre la pièce à usiner et l'outil tout en maintenant le deuxième moteur (112Y) verrouillé ; et un processus pour, une fois que ledit processus est achevé, retirer l'outil de la pièce à usiner tout en maintenant le deuxième moteur (112Y) verrouillé.
PCT/JP2020/023327 2019-06-18 2020-06-15 Machine-outil, procédé de commande de machine-outil et programme de commande de machine-outil Ceased WO2020255902A1 (fr)

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JPS62246408A (ja) * 1986-04-18 1987-10-27 Fanuc Ltd 深穴ドリルサイクル制御方式
JPH01205907A (ja) * 1988-02-08 1989-08-18 Michio Nagaseko ボール盤のドリル送り，戻しの数値制御方法
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