WO2024252074A1 - Procede de polymerisation par ouverture de cycle - Google Patents
Procede de polymerisation par ouverture de cycle Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024252074A1 WO2024252074A1 PCT/FR2024/000060 FR2024000060W WO2024252074A1 WO 2024252074 A1 WO2024252074 A1 WO 2024252074A1 FR 2024000060 W FR2024000060 W FR 2024000060W WO 2024252074 A1 WO2024252074 A1 WO 2024252074A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/06—Preparatory processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/06—Preparatory processes
- C08G77/08—Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for preparing linear organopolysiloxanes OL by a ring-opening polymerization reaction in the presence of cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC, a basic catalyst B and a chain blocker C. More specifically, the process of the present invention makes it possible to obtain linear organopolysiloxanes OL of controlled molar mass with a very low level of residual cyclic organopolysiloxanes.
- organopolysiloxanes by polycondensation or by ring-opening polymerization sees the formation of cyclic organopolysiloxanes such as octamethyltetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) or other unwanted cyclic organopolysiloxanes.
- this content of unwanted products can be between 10 and 15% relative to the total mass of linear organopolysiloxane obtained during the synthesis, which corresponds to thermodynamic equilibrium.
- this high content of cyclic products requires energy-intensive process steps such as a devolatilization step at high temperature and/or reduced pressure to separate these by-products from the linear organopolysiloxane obtained. Avoiding these steps allows us to improve production efficiency, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and thus obtain a more environmentally friendly silicone product.
- cyclic silicones or organopolysiloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) are and will be subject to restrictions for their use.
- these cyclic compounds present environmental risks due to their non-biodegradability, they are also suspected of being endocrine disruptors and potentially carcinogenic.
- the European regulation limited the content of D4 and D5 to a content of 0.1% by mass in rinse-off cosmetic products. Soon, this regulation will be adopted for other cosmetic products but also in other areas of application of silicones.
- the restrictions tend to limit the content of cyclic organopolysiloxanes to a value lower than 100ppm.
- patent application US2012142956A1 teaches a process for preparing linear organopolysiloxanes OL in the presence of a quaternary amine such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide or choline.
- a quaternary amine such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide or choline.
- the examples of patent application US2012142956 disclose that tests in the presence of choline and its derivatives do not make it possible to obtain satisfactory yields of linear organopolysiloxanes OL.
- tests with tetramethylammonium hydroxide there is a need to find an alternative to this catalyst and its derivatives which are toxic to humans and the environment.
- WO2018051792 discloses a process for the preparation of linear organopolysiloxanes OL in the presence of guanidine derivatives as a basic catalyst.
- guanidine derivatives unlike the catalysts of the present invention, most guanidine derivatives need to be synthesized unlike commercially available choline.
- the process disclosed in patent application WO2018051792 requires the presence of chlorosilane known to be highly toxic compounds.
- An objective of the present application is therefore to propose a process for preparing linear organopolysiloxanes OL by a ring-opening polymerization reaction of cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC making it possible to control the molar mass of the final product with a yield of linear organopolysiloxanes greater than 95%, preferably greater than 98%.
- Another objective of the present application is to be able to control the nature of the chemical functions of the linear organopolysiloxane OL obtained.
- Another objective of the present application is to provide a composition polymerizable by opening of the S ring allowing the implementation of this process.
- Another objective of the present application is to propose a composition polymerizable by opening of the S ring which is low in toxicity and compatible with industrialization of the process.
- Another objective of this application is to propose a process that is satisfactory from an industrial point of view and which is part of a so-called environmentally friendly chemistry.
- the Applicant has developed a ring-opening polymerizable composition S that meets these expectations.
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing linear organopolysiloxanes OL by a ring-opening polymerization reaction, said process comprising the following steps: a) Implementing a ring-opening polymerizable composition S comprising: i) at least one cyclic organopolysiloxane OC having three siloxane units, ii) at least one basic catalyst B of formula (I): in which:
- -R represents an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
- - X represents an anion chosen from the group comprising: carboxylates and their derivatives, carbonates and their derivatives, hydroxyl, siloxanolates, silanolates,
- -n is a natural integer between 1 and 6, and iii) at least one chain blocker C.
- b) Optionally, subsequently add a chain blocker C identical to or different from that of step a) or an acid A to the composition polymerizable by ring opening S mentioned in the previous step, c) Obtain the linear organopolysiloxane OL.
- the basic catalyst B and the chain blocker C make it possible, during the process of the present invention, to control the molar mass of the final product while making it possible to vary the nature of the terminal chemical functions.
- Silicones otherwise known as organopolysiloxanes, are polymeric materials comprising alternating silicon and oxygen atoms with various organic radicals bonded to the silicon.
- silicone or silicone product or silicone polymer or organopolysiloxane means polymers comprising a siloxane skeleton (Si-O-Si) having silicon and oxygen atoms alternating with various organic radicals bonded to the silicon.
- These silicone polymers can be liquid or solid, depending on the molar mass and the degree of polymerization.
- reaction mixture means all of the reactive chemical species present in the composition polymerizable by ring opening S mentioned above.
- the catalyst(s) B the cyclic organopolysiloxane(s) OC, the chain blocker(s) C.
- the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC is represented by the following formula (II): in which, R, identical or different, is a radical representing an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms; and n represents a natural integer between 1 and 2.
- the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC is represented by the formula (III): in which, R, identical or different, is a radical representing an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or an aryl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples include commercially available OC cyclic organopolysiloxanes such as hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 541-05-9), 2-ethenyl-2’,4,4’,6,6’-pentamethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 18395-32-9), 2,4,6-triethenyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 3901-77-7), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 512-63-0),
- Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (CAS 2370-88-9), 2,4,6,8-Tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (CAS 2554-06-5), 2,4,6,8-Tetramethyl- 2,4,6,8- tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (CAS 77-63-4), octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (CAS 546-56-5).
- the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC is hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 541-05-9).
- the method of the present invention uses at least two cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC having 3 siloxane units such as for example the combination of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 541-05-9) and 2,4,6-triethenyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 3901-77-7).
- hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane can be added first, then 2,4,6-triethenyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, or vice versa.
- This implementation is suitable for the various cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC having 3 siloxane units.
- the basic catalyst B is represented by the formula (IV): in which: R 1, identical or different, represents an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
- X represents an anion selected from the group comprising: carboxylates and their derivatives, carbonates and their derivatives, hydroxyl, siloxanolates, silanolates and n is a natural integer between 1 and 6.
- carboxylate anions examples include salicylate, oxalate, malonate, glyconate, maleate or citrate.
- siloxanolate means the anionic compounds of the following siloxanols of formula (V): in which,
- R 1 identical or different, represents:
- R 2 identical or different, represents:
- q is an integer between 1 and 20, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between
- siloxanolate means anionic compounds of formula (V) in which:
- R 1 identical or different, represents:
- cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a heteroatom O, N, S or a halide,
- R 2 identical represent:
- q is an integer between 1 and 20, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between 1 and 5.
- silanolate means the anion associated with the compounds of trimethylsilanol (CAS 1066-40-6) or triethylsilanol (CAS 597-52-4).
- R is the same or different and represents:
- radical R is optionally substituted by an alkyl or alkenyl chain of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroatom such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
- the person skilled in the art may use the compounds trimethyl silanol (CAS 1066-40-6) or triethylsilanol (CAS 597-52-4).
- the basic catalyst B is represented by the formula (VII): in which: R 1, identical or different, represents an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- X represents an anion selected from the group comprising: carboxylates and their derivatives, carbonates and their derivatives, hydroxyl, siloxanolates, silanolates, and n is a natural integer between 1 and 6.
- the basic catalyst B is represented by the formula (VII) above in which: R 1 represents an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms; X represents an anion selected from the group comprising: hydroxyl or silanolate and n is a natural number between 1 and 6.
- the basic catalysts B are represented above by the formula (VII) in which: R 1 represents an alkyl chain of 1 or 2 carbon atoms;
- X represents a trimethylsilanolate or triethylsilanolate anion and n is equal to 1.
- basic catalysts B selected from: choline hydroxide (CAS 123-41-1), choline silanolate, choline lactate (CAS 99150-55-7), triethylcholine hydroxide (CAS 3651-90-9), (2-hydroxyethyl)tripropylammonium hydroxide (CAS 96311-53-4), (2-hydroxyethyl)tributylammonium hydroxide, triethylcholine silanolate, choline bicarbonate (CAS 78-73-9), or choline salicylate (CAS 2016-36-6).
- the molar quantity of basic catalyst B used in the process of the invention is from 150 ppm to 4000 ppm relative to that of the reaction mixture, preferably from 250 to 2500 ppm, more preferably from 250 ppm to 1500 ppm relative to that of the reaction mixture.
- catalyst B is dissolved in a solvent chosen from alcohols or water.
- the alcohol is chosen from: methanol (CAS 67-56-1), ethanol (CAS 64-17-5), propanol (CAS 71-23-8), isopropanol (CAS 67-63-0), butanol (CAS 71-36-3), allyl alcohol (CAS 107-18-6), benzyl alcohol (CAS 100-51-6), 3-buten-1-ol (627-27-0), long-chain alkyl alcohols such as undecanol (CAS 112-42-5) or dodecanol (CAS 27342-88-7).
- catalyst B is solubilized in methanol or water.
- the chain blocker C is chosen from H2O, alcohols and their derivatives, or silanols and their derivatives.
- chain blocker C is selected from H2O or the compounds of formula (VIII): in which:
- Y represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom
- R is the same or different and represents:
- chain blocker C is selected from H2O or the compounds of formula (VIII):
- [Y represents a carbon atom or a silicon atom
- R is the same or different and represents:
- the C-chain blocker is an alcohol or silanol having a pKa of 10 to 16, preferably a pKa of 12 to 16, more preferably a pKa of 14 to 16.
- the chain blocker C is H 2 O.
- the chain blocker C is a compound of formula (IX): in which:
- Y represents a carbon atom
- R is the same or different and represents:
- radical R may be substituted or not by an alkyl chain of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, alkenyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 18 carbon atoms or a heteroatom such as oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
- the chain blocker C is an alcohol selected from primary alcohols or secondary alcohols.
- the chain blocker C is an alcohol selected from primary alcohols.
- the chain blocker C is an alcohol selected from saturated or unsaturated polyols having 2 to 6 hydroxyl groups.
- the following polyols may be mentioned such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol or 1,4 butanediol.
- the chain blocker C is an alcohol having a pKa of 10 to 16, preferably a pKa of 12 to 16, preferentially a pKa of 14 to 16.
- the chain blocker C is an alcohol selected from: methanol (CAS 67-56-1), ethanol (CAS 64-17-5), propanol (CAS 71-23-8), isopropanol (CAS 67-63-0), butanol (CAS 71-36-3), allyl alcohol (CAS 107-18-6), benzyl alcohol (CAS 100-51-6), 3-buten-1-ol (627-27-0), long-chain alkyl alcohols such as undecanol (CAS 112-42-5) or dodecanol (CAS 27342-88-7).
- the chain blocker is benzyl alcohol (CAS 100-51-6), butanol (CAS 71-36-3) or 3-buten-l-ol (627-27-0).
- the C-chain blocker has at least one terminal silanol function.
- the C-chain blocker having a terminal silanol function is trimethylsilanol (CAS 1066-40-6), triethylsilanol (CAS 597-52-4) or mixtures thereof.
- the chain blocker C has at least one siloxyl unit.
- the C-chain blocker having a terminal silanol chemical function has at least two siloxyl units.
- the C-chain blocker having a terminal silanol function has at least three siloxyl units.
- a silanol terminal function is a chemical function at the end of the chain formed by the chemical bond between a silicon atom and a hydroxyl group.
- the chain blocker C is represented by the formula (X): in which,
- R 1 identical or different, represents:
- - a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a heteroatom O, N, S or a halide,
- R 2 identical or different, represents:
- -a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by at least one heteroatom O, N, S or a halide such as a fluorine atom, for example 1 to 10 fluorine atoms, for example (Ci-C5)alkyl-CF3, the alkyl being linear or branched; q is an integer between 0 and 20, preferably between 0 and 10, more preferably between 0 and 5, and with the condition that at least one radical R 2 is a hydroxyl group (OH).
- the chain blocker C is represented by the formula (X) above: in which,
- R 1 identical or different, represents:
- - a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a heteroatom O, N, S or a halide,
- cycloalkyl group of 5 to 10 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a heteroatom O, N, S or a halide,
- R 2 identical represent:
- q is an integer between 0 and 20, preferably between 0 and 10, more preferably between 0 and 5.
- chain blocker C is represented by the formula (X) above, in which:
- R 1 identical, represents CH3,
- R 2 identical or different, represents:
- hydroxyl group -a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or
- q is an integer between 0 and 20, preferably between 0 and 10, more preferably between 0 and 5, and with the condition that at least one radical R 2 is a hydroxyl group (OH).
- chain blocker C is represented by the formula (X) above, in which:
- R 1 identical, represents CH3,
- R 2 identical, represent:
- q is an integer between 0 and 20, preferably between 0 and 10, more preferably between 0 and 5.
- the chain blocker C may be in a solvent. This is particularly advantageous in order to solubilize it in the reaction mixture.
- the solvent may in particular be an apolar solvent such as an organic solvent of the alkane or aromatic hydrocarbon type.
- the solvent is chosen from pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-decane, n-dodecane, isododecane, EXXSOL D60, xylene, toluene and mixtures thereof.
- the chain blocker C can be in a polar solvent such as THF, Me-THF or CH2CI2.
- chain blockers allow the functionalization of the linear organopolysiloxane OL during the polymerization reaction.
- linear organopolysiloxanes OL having, for example, identical or different terminal chemical functions.
- the process of the invention is characterized in that in step a) of said process the molar ratio of chain blocker C relative to the basic catalyst B used is from 0.01 to 600, preferably from 0.8 to 300, preferentially from 1.5 to 300, preferentially from 4 to 200 and even more preferentially from 8 to 100.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that during step a) the molar ratio of cyclic organopolysiloxane OC relative to the chain blocker C used is from 1 to 20,000, preferably from 2 to 5,000, preferentially from 2 to 1,400, preferentially from 4 to 700, even more preferentially from 4 to 300 and even more preferentially from 10 to 150.
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL is a compound of formula (XI): in which,
- R identical or different, represents:
- -an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably methyl,
- an aryl group comprising from 6 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably phenyl
- R 1 identical or different, represents:
- R 2 identical or different, represents:
- a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by at least one heteroatom O, N, S or a halide such as a fluorine atom, for example 1 to 10 fluorine atoms, for example (Ci-C5)alkyl-CF3, the alkyl being linear or branched,
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL is a compound of formula (XI): in which,
- R identical or different, represents CH3 or phenyl, preferably CH3;
- R 1 identical or different, represents:
- R 2 identical or different, represents:
- R 3 represents: an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group comprising from
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL of the invention is a compound of formula (XI) in which,
- R identical or different, represents CH3 or phenyl, preferably CH3, R 1 , identical or different, represents CH3, phenyl or vinyl; R 2 identical or different, represents:
- R 3 represents: an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group comprising from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group q is equal to 0; ni represents an integer between 10 and 1,500, preferably between 10 and 1,000, preferably between 50 and 1,000, more preferably between 100 and 500; m2 represents an integer between 0 and 500, preferably between 0 and 100, more preferably between 0 and 50
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL of the invention as represented above by formula (XI) is a compound for which R 2 is identical.
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL is homotelechelic.
- homotelechelic linear organopolysiloxane OL we mean a linear organopolysiloxane having identical terminal chemical functions.
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL of the invention as represented above by formula (XI) is a compound for which R 2 is different.
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL is heterotelechelic.
- linear organopolysiloxane OL heterotelechelic is understood to mean a linear organopolysiloxane having different terminal chemical functions.
- the mass-average molar mass and the number-average molar mass, denoted respectively Mw and Mn, of the various linear organopolysiloxanes OL can be determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the presence of polystyrene standards in a solvent such as toluene at 35°C.
- SEC size exclusion chromatography
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL of the invention is characterized in that its degree of polymerization is between 5 and 28,000, preferably between 5 and 7,000, preferably between 5 and 4,000, preferentially between 15 and 2,000, more preferentially between 20 and 1,000 and even more preferentially between 20 and 400.
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL of the invention is characterized in that its mass-average molar mass Mw can be between 500 and 2,000,000 g/mol, preferably between 500 and 500,000 g/mol, preferably between 500 and 300,000 g/mol, preferentially between 1,000 and 150,000 g/mol, more preferentially between 1,000 and 100,000 g/mol, even more preferentially between 5,000 and 40,000 g/mol.
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL of the invention is characterized in that its number-average molar mass M n is between 500 and 2,000,000 g/mol, preferably between 500 and 500,000 g/mol, preferably between 500 and 300,000 g/mol, preferentially between 1,000 and 150,000 g/mol, more preferentially between 1,000 and 100,000 g/mol, even more preferentially between 5,000 and 40,000 g/mol.
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL of the invention is characterized in that its dynamic viscosity is between 100 and 1,000,000 mPa.s at 25°C, preferably between 1,000 and 500,000 mPa.s at 25°C, preferentially between 1,000 and 100,000, even more preferentially between 10,000 and 80,000 mPa.s at 25°C.
- the mass percentage or the weight percentage of D4 of the products obtained according to the process of the present invention can be measured via the quantitative spectra of NMR- 29 Si.
- the mass percentage or the weight percentage of D4 of the products obtained according to the process of the present invention could be measured via the chromatograms resulting from a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis.
- the product resulting from the reaction is called the sum of the linear organopolysiloxane OL and the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC at the end of the process of the present invention.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the content of cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC is less than 2%, preferably less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% relative to the total mass of product resulting from the reaction.
- the method according to the invention is characterized in that the octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) content is less than 2%, preferably less than or equal to 1%, preferably less than or equal to 0.5% relative to the total mass of product resulting from the reaction.
- D4 octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane
- the process of the invention is carried out without any solvent other than the quantity necessary to solubilize and/or dissolve the catalyst B in the reaction medium.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous because it makes it possible to avoid the use of solvent, its treatment or recycling once used while obtaining satisfactory results when carrying out the method of the present invention.
- the method of the invention is implemented in an apolar solvent.
- the solvent may in particular be an organic solvent of the alkane or aromatic hydrocarbon type.
- the solvent is chosen from n-hexane, n-heptane, n-decane, n-dodecane, isododecane, EXXSOL D60, xylene, toluene and mixtures thereof.
- the method of the invention is carried out in a polar solvent.
- the solvent may in particular be an organic solvent such as THF or Me-THF.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that the mass ratio, mass of cyclic organopolysiloxane OC relative to the mass of solvent used is from 0.5 to 50, preferably from 1.5 to 15, preferentially from 3 to 10 relative to the mass of solvent used.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature between 25°C and 150°C, preferably between 35°C and 100°C, more preferably between 35°C and 80°C.
- the reaction time is between 1 minute and 48 hours, preferably between 1 minute and 18 hours, more preferably between 1 minute and 8 hours, even more preferably between 1 minute and 2 hours, and even more preferably between 1 minute and 1 hour.
- the process defined according to the present invention may further comprise a step b), by the subsequent addition of a chain blocker C identical or different to that of step a) or of an acid A to the composition polymerizable by ring opening S.
- Step b) of the process of the present invention allows flexibility in controlling the nature of the terminal chemical functions as well as in controlling the molar masses of the OL product.
- homotelechelic linear organopolysiloxane OL we mean a linear organopolysiloxane having identical terminal chemical functions.
- a linear heterotelechelic organopolysiloxane OL is a linear organopolysiloxane having different terminal chemical functions.
- the method further comprises a step b) defined by the subsequent addition of a C chain blocker identical to that introduced during step a) of said method.
- This embodiment makes it possible to obtain a homotelechelic linear organopolysiloxane OL while controlling the molar mass of the product thus obtained.
- the method further comprises a step b) defined by the subsequent addition of a C chain blocker different from that introduced during step a) of said method.
- This embodiment makes it possible to control both the molar mass and the nature of the terminal chemical functions of the OL product.
- a linear heterotelechelic OL organopolysiloxane is thus obtained.
- the process of the invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of chain blocker C relative to the basic catalyst B used during step b) is from 1 to 200, preferably from 1 to 100, preferentially from 20 to 100.
- the process of the invention is characterized in that the molar ratio of cyclic organopolysiloxane OC relative to the chain blocker C used during step b) is from 1 to 100, preferably from 5 to 80, preferentially from 10 to 50.
- step b) of the process of the present invention comprises a step of subsequent addition of acid A to the polymerizable composition by ring opening S.
- This step b) makes it possible to neutralize the basic catalyst B and to stop the polymerization reaction carried out according to the process of the present invention.
- This embodiment also makes it possible to control the nature of the terminal chemical functions of the OL product.
- a linear heterotelechelic OL organopolysiloxane is thus obtained.
- the acid A introduced during step b) of said process is chosen from acids such as organic acids, Lewis acids, functionalized organohalosilanes, ion exchange resins or mineral acids.
- carboxylic acid derivatives such as propionic acid, glycolic acid, valeric acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, octanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, undecylenic acid, or other carboxylic acid derivatives.
- the acid A is selected from the group of carboxylic acid derivatives or mineral polyacids.
- a “mineral polyacid” is a compound formed of hydrogen and one or more other elements (with the exception of carbon), which has the ability to release several protons in aqueous solution, unlike monoacids which can only release one. Examples include phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or the oxonium ion.
- acid A is phosphoric acid.
- acid A has a pKa of from 1 to 13, preferably from 1.5 to 10, preferentially from 2 to 8.
- step b) of the process of the present invention comprises a step of adding a chain blocker C identical or different to that of step a) and an acid A to the composition polymerizable by ring opening S.
- step b) is carried out 2 to 45 minutes after step a) of said method, preferably 2 to 30 minutes, preferentially 2 to 15 minutes after step a) of said method.
- step c) of the process of the present invention the linear organopolysiloxane OL is obtained.
- This step c) may also include one or more steps of federation, evaporation, distillation allowing the obtaining of linear organopolysiloxane OL.
- the present application also relates to the linear organopolysiloxane OL obtained according to the different embodiments of the process of the present invention described above. It also relates to a silicone composition comprising the organopolysiloxane OL obtained according to the different embodiments of the process of the present invention described above.
- composition SI comprising: i) at least one cyclic organopolysiloxane OC having three siloxane units, ii) at least one basic catalyst B of formula (XII): in which:
- -R represents an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms,
- composition SI comprising: i) at least one cyclic organopolysiloxane OC having three siloxane units, ii) at least one basic catalyst B of formula (XIII): in which:
- -R represents an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- -X represents an anion selected from the group comprising: carboxylates and their derivatives, carbonates and their derivatives, hydroxyl, siloxanolates, silanolates, and n is a natural integer between 1 and 6.
- the present application also relates to the use of the organopolysiloxanes OL obtained according to the process of the present invention as an ingredient which can be directly used in various silicone formulations useful in fields such as cosmetics, household cleaning products, automobiles, energy.
- -R represents an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- -X represents a siloxanolate or silanolate anion and n is a natural integer between 1 and 6.
- the basic catalysts B represented by the formula (XIV) above: in which:
- -R 1 identical or different represents an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- -X represents a silanolate anion and n is a natural number between 1 and 6.
- -R 1, identical or different, represents an alkyl chain of 1 or 2 carbon atoms
- -X represents a trimethyl silanolate or triethylsilanolate anion and n is equal to 1.
- Cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 1 hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 541-05-9)
- Cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 2 2,4,6-triethenyl-2,4,6-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane (CAS 3901-77-7)
- Comparative cyclic organopolysiloxane OCcompi octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (CAS 556-67-2)
- Catalyst Bi choline hydroxide (CAS 123-41-1) commercial diluted in water or methanol
- Catalyst B2 choline trimethylsilanolate (13%) diluted in 1-3-buten-l-ol (CAS 627-27-0), synthesized within the framework of the invention.
- Catalyst B3 triethylcholine trimethylsilanolate (13%) diluted in 1-3-buten-l-ol (CAS 627-27-0), synthesized within the framework of the invention.
- Catalyst B 4 choline bicarbonate (CAS 78-73-9)
- Catalyst B 5 choline salicylate (CAS 2016-36-6)
- Catalyst Bcompi Triazabicyclodecene CAS (5807-14-7)
- Catalyst Bcomp2 KOSiMe 3 (CAS 10519-96-7) diluted in 1-3-buten-l-ol (CAS 627-27-0), (13% by mass)
- Catalyst Bcom P 3 KOSiMe 3 (CAS 10519-96-7)
- Catalyst Bcom P 4 choline chloride (CAS 67-48-1)
- Catalyst Bcomp5 Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (CAS 75-59-2)
- Ccompi chain blocker divinyltetramethyldisiloxane (CAS 2627-95-4).
- C3 chain blocker triethylsilanol (CAS 597-52-4)
- C4 chain blocker trimethylsilanol (CAS 1066-40-6)
- Chain blocker C 5 H 2 O
- the residual mass percentages of cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC (D3 or D4, D5 and D ⁇ ) and the mass percentages of linear organopolysiloxane OL obtained according to the process of the present invention are measured by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) in the presence of polystyrene standards in a solvent such as toluene at 35°C.
- SEC size exclusion chromatography
- the number-average molar mass denoted M n of the different linear organopolysiloxanes OL according to the present invention is determined by the same size exclusion chromatography (SEC) method.
- a cyclic organopolysiloxane OC In a 500mL reactor under an inert atmosphere (argon), a cyclic organopolysiloxane OC, a basic catalyst B and a chain blocker C are introduced. The reaction mixture is placed at 70°C with stirring for a period of 1h. A sample is taken and analyzed by NMR- 1 H and NMR- 29 Si.
- Example 3a Screening of the different basic catalysts B to implement the process of the invention:
- the chain blocker C is 1-3-buten- l-ol (CAS 627-27-0) (C2).
- the reaction mixture is placed at 70 ° C with stirring. A sample is taken and analyzed by NMR- 1 H and NMR- 29 Si.
- Example 3b Comparative examples in the presence of the cyclic organopolysiloxane OCcomp1:
- the reaction mixture consists of the comparative cyclic organopolysiloxane OCcompi (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane), a basic catalyst Bi in the presence of Cs.
- reaction mixture is placed at a temperature of 70°C for one hour with stirring.
- a sample is taken and analyzed by 1 H NMR and 29 Si NMR.
- reaction mixture is placed at a given temperature under stirring.
- a sample is taken and analyzed by NMR- 1 H and NMR- 29 Si.
- the protocol of example 2 is implemented with the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 1 (250 g), the basic catalyst Bi (950 pmol) and the chain blocker C (52.7 mmol).
- the reaction mixture is placed at 70 ° C with stirring for 1 h.
- the molar ratio OC 1 /C is equal to 21.
- Test 1 shows that the conventional chain blocker such as Ccompi does not allow the molar mass of the product obtained to be regulated. Furthermore, it is observed that the percentage of cyclic secondary products (residual cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC) is higher than those obtained under the conditions of the claimed process. Indeed, the presence of chain blockers C of tests 2 to 5, claimed according to the process of the invention, make it possible to obtain a very low rate of cyclic secondary products ( ⁇ 1%). In addition, these chain blockers make it possible to regulate the molar mass of the product obtained OL and to control the nature of the terminal chemical functions. Thus, the results set out in the table above show that the process of the invention is versatile and can be used with different chain blockers C defined according to the present invention.
- the protocol of example 2 is implemented with the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 1 (250 g), the basic catalyst Bi (950 pmol) and the chain blocker C4 (quantities defined in the table below).
- the reaction mixture is placed at 70 ° C with stirring for 1 h.
- the amount of chain blocker C introduced into the reaction mixture makes it possible to control the molecular mass of the linear product obtained OL.
- Example 6 Obtaining homotelechelic or heterotelechelic organopolysiloxanes
- the protocol of example 2 is implemented with the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 1 (250 g), the basic catalyst Bi (950 pmol) and the chain blocker C4 (52.7 mmol).
- the reaction mixture is placed at 70 ° C with stirring for a period varying from a few minutes to 1 h. Then, a sample is taken and analyzed by NMR- 1 H and NMR- 29 Si.
- the initial molar ratio OC 1 /C is identical for each test and is equal to 21.
- test 1 implements only step a) of the process of the present invention. This test makes it possible to obtain a homotelechelic linear organopolysiloxane OL.
- homotelechelic linear organopolysiloxane OL we mean a linear organopolysiloxane having identical terminal chemical functions.
- Test 2 implements step a) of the process of the present invention and the optional step b) of said process.
- step b) consists of a subsequent addition of the same C4 chain blocker.
- this subsequent addition of C4 chain blocker occurs after a few minutes of reaction (8 to 15 min).
- a homotelechelic linear organopolysiloxane OL is thus obtained.
- This embodiment (test no. 2) makes it possible to control the molar mass of the OL product.
- test 3 implements step a) of the process of the invention followed by step b) of said process.
- step b) consists of the addition of an acid (H3PO4) which makes it possible to obtain a linear heterotelechelic organopolysiloxane OL.
- Example 2 the protocol of Example 2 is implemented with the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 1 (250g), the basic catalyst Bi (950 pmol) and the chain blocker Cs (52.7 mmol)
- the chain blocker C is mixed with a solvent such as Me-THF (80mL) and the reaction mixture is heated to 45°C. A sample is taken and analyzed by 1 H NMR and 29 Si NMR.
- a linear organopolysiloxane OL is then obtained, having two hydroxyl functions at the end of the chain, with a molar mass in number M n of 6900 g/mol and a mass percentage of residual cyclic organopolysiloxane OC of 1.2%.
- 29 Si NMR microstructure is an extremely effective means of analysis for determining the structure and microstructures of linear organopolysiloxanes OL. We can distinguish the D units and the V units respectively resulting from the homopolymerization of the introduced cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC 1 and OC 2 .
- VVV VVV
- DW or WD
- DVD triads are clearly assigned by 29 Si NMR thanks to the presence of triplets characteristic of the VVV, DW (or WD) and DVD motifs.
- the VVV, DW (or WD) and DVD triads are understood to mean the following motifs:
- VVV Triad DW (or WD) Triad:
- a statistical product is understood to mean a linear organopolysiloxane OL obtained according to the process of the invention having a random distribution of vinyl units (V).
- the linear organopolysiloxane OL obtained according to the process of the invention having a non-random distribution of vinyl units (V) is called block copolymers.
- a cyclic organopolysiloxane OC In a pillbox under an inert atmosphere (argon) a cyclic organopolysiloxane OC, a basic catalyst B (800 ppm) and a chain blocker C are introduced. The reaction mixture is placed at 70 ° C with stirring for a period of 1 h. A sample is taken and analyzed by NMR- 1 H and NMR- 29 Si.
- the cyclic organopolysiloxanes introduced are OC 1 (5g, 70% mol) and OC 2 (2.5g, 30% mol).
- the basic catalyst Bi is in solution in methanol and the chain blocker is C4.
- Test A is carried out with the cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC 1 and OC 2 introduced simultaneously.
- Test B is carried out with the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 1 , then the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 2 is introduced about ten minutes after the start of the reaction.
- Test C is carried out with the cyclic organopolysiloxane O Ci, then OC 1 is introduced around ten minutes after the start of the reaction.
- cyclic organopolysiloxanes introduced are OC 1 (5g, 80% mol) and OC 2 (1.7g, 20% mol).
- the basic catalyst Bi is in solution in water and the chain blocker is C 6 .
- Test D is implemented with the cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC 1 and OC 2 introduced simultaneously.
- Test E is implemented with the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 1 , then the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 2 is introduced about ten minutes after the start of the reaction.
- Test F is implemented with the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 2 then the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC 1 is introduced about ten minutes after the start of the reaction.
- the experimental data measured under the above-mentioned conditions demonstrate the tendency to form block copolymers under these specific experimental conditions. Therefore, in addition to controlling the nature of the terminal chemical functions discussed in the previous examples, the method of the present invention makes it possible to control the structure of the linear organopolysiloxane OL obtained.
- the 29 Si NMR microstructure mentioned above also made it possible to identify the units present at the end of the chains during tests A, B and C. In other words, this made it possible to evaluate a possible influence of the order of addition of the cyclic organopolysiloxanes OC on the nature of the units present at the end of the chains.
- the acronym HO-D denotes the following unit:
- the C4 chain blocker depending on the implementation of the method of the invention (Test A, B or C), a different distribution of the unit present at the end of the chains is observed. Indeed, the table above shows that the order of addition of the cyclic organopolysiloxane OC strongly influences the nature of the “terminal” unit. Furthermore, the C4 chain blocker allows total control over the nature of the units present at the end of the chains.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0652244A2 (fr) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-05-10 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Polysiloxane à chaîne linéaire et procédé pour sa préparation |
| US20120142956A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-07 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Process for reacting hydroxyl compounds with linear, branched or cyclic polyalkylsiloxanes |
| WO2018051792A1 (fr) | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Procédé de production d'un composé contenant un motif polysiloxane, et composition polymère |
| WO2022270336A1 (fr) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-29 | 東レ・ファインケミカル株式会社 | Procédé de production de polymère de silicone |
-
2023
- 2023-06-08 FR FR2305792A patent/FR3149610A1/fr active Pending
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2024
- 2024-06-06 KR KR1020257042399A patent/KR20260012277A/ko active Pending
- 2024-06-06 CN CN202480046859.8A patent/CN121532446A/zh active Pending
- 2024-06-06 WO PCT/FR2024/000060 patent/WO2024252074A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0652244A2 (fr) * | 1993-11-10 | 1995-05-10 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Polysiloxane à chaîne linéaire et procédé pour sa préparation |
| US20120142956A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-07 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Process for reacting hydroxyl compounds with linear, branched or cyclic polyalkylsiloxanes |
| WO2018051792A1 (fr) | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-22 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | Procédé de production d'un composé contenant un motif polysiloxane, et composition polymère |
| WO2022270336A1 (fr) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-29 | 東レ・ファインケミカル株式会社 | Procédé de production de polymère de silicone |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| no. 5807-14-7 |
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| CN121532446A (zh) | 2026-02-13 |
| KR20260012277A (ko) | 2026-01-26 |
| FR3149610A1 (fr) | 2024-12-13 |
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