WO2024256041A2 - Pièce mécanique fonctionnelle et son procédé de traitement de surface - Google Patents
Pièce mécanique fonctionnelle et son procédé de traitement de surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024256041A2 WO2024256041A2 PCT/EP2024/054286 EP2024054286W WO2024256041A2 WO 2024256041 A2 WO2024256041 A2 WO 2024256041A2 EP 2024054286 W EP2024054286 W EP 2024054286W WO 2024256041 A2 WO2024256041 A2 WO 2024256041A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- functional
- nip
- mechanical part
- oxidation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/34—Anodisation of metals or alloys not provided for in groups C25D11/04 - C25D11/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5846—Reactive treatment
- C23C14/5853—Oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/56—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/10—Orthophosphates containing oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B15/00—Escapements
- G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B31/00—Bearings; Point suspensions or counter-point suspensions; Pivot bearings; Single parts therefor
- G04B31/08—Lubrication
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mechanical part comprising a functional surface intended in use to come into frictional contact with another functional surface. It also relates to the method of surface treatment of said part.
- the watch movement has been built from the start with lubrication to function. This allows it to reduce friction losses and therefore the energy required for its proper functioning. Lubrication therefore allows it to maintain its good chronometric performance and to limit wear.
- oil or grease is an element that ages due to its loading with wear particles, its oxidation, or even its migration, or even its evaporation.
- the environment also plays a role, the temperature changing the viscosity properties and hindering the chronometric operation of the movement. Despite all these inconveniences, the movements are always lubricated with oils and greases which are nevertheless increasingly efficient.
- One method is to limit the friction phases on the exhaust.
- the best known is the coaxial exhaust which, due to its architecture, minimizes friction by replacing it with impacts, which allows it to operate without oil.
- Another method is to change the material of the exhaust.
- other types of exhaust made with silicon or diamond have been developed to minimize friction. Pairs of materials in a functional assembly have also been developed, such as the ceramic pair facing the diamond which allows the formation of a third lubricating body.
- NiP or Nickel-Phosphorus is a Nickel alloy containing 12% Phosphorus. It is classified among the high phosphorus alloys. It is non-magnetic and resists corrosion well. It is hard (350 to 450 HV when leaving the bath) and can also be hardened by heat treatment up to 900 HV by precipitation of NisP at the grain boundaries.
- Watch wheels made of electroformed NiP and steel coated with a NiP deposit were subjected to a "movement test" over a long period.
- the "movement test” is a test in real conditions that allows the suitability of the escapement wheel/lever system to be judged over a long period. Some NiP wheels tested without any lubrication gave very satisfactory performance over a period of 6 years. After stopping the test and dismantling the elements, the wheels were analyzed to assess the condition of the functional surfaces. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analyses were performed on an ultra-precise microsection obtained by FIB (Focused Ion Beam) section. They revealed a "black layer" of unknown nature, related to a third body that would have formed spontaneously during these years of operation.
- the inventors therefore sought to reproduce artificially and in a short time, what had happened over several years naturally.
- the idea was to create an intense oxidation of the NiP surface using several technologies and also to reproduce in such a way simple as possible a molecule close to Ni2PO4, namely nickel orthophosphate of formula Ni3(PO4)2.
- the two approaches, namely oxidation and phosphating, were examined individually, then combined.
- the present invention relates to a method for treating a mechanical part comprising a functional surface made of NiP intended to come into frictional contact with another functional surface, said method comprising a step of oxidation and/or phosphating said functional surface so as to artificially form a layer of oxides and/or a layer of phosphates respectively on said functional surface.
- the layer of phosphates is a layer of Ni phosphates or alternatively a layer of Zn phosphates which could also improve the tribological properties.
- the present invention also relates to a mechanical part comprising a functional surface intended to come into frictional contact with another functional surface, said NiP functional surface having been subjected to the above treatment method and comprising a layer of oxides and/or a layer of Ni or Zn phosphates.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a functional assembly comprising the mechanical part described above and another mechanical part comprising the other functional surface intended to be in frictional contact with the functional surface of said mechanical part, the functional assembly being characterized in that the frictional contact is dry.
- Figure 1 partially represents a functional assembly comprising two parts, namely an escape wheel and an anchor pallet with contact surfaces treated according to the method of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of the functional part treated with the method according to the invention.
- Figure 3 shows an electron microscopy image of the distribution of Ni3(PO4)2 germs on the surface of a sample.
- Figure 4 shows an electron microscopy image of a Ni3(PO4)2 seed.
- Figure 5 shows the curves of the dynamic friction coefficient as a function of the distance traveled for the NiP/ruby pair with the NiP treated by dry oxidation according to the invention for two samples and the NiP/ruby pair without NiP treatment for comparison.
- Figure 6 shows the curves of the dynamic friction coefficient as a function of the distance traveled for the NiP/ruby pair. with NiP treated by germination of Nis(PO4)2 according to the invention for two samples and the NiP/ruby couple without NiP treatment for comparison.
- Figure 7 shows the curves of the dynamic friction coefficient as a function of the distance traveled for the NiP/ruby pair with the NiP treated by dry oxidation and germination of Nis(PO4)2 according to the invention for two samples and the NiP/ruby pair without treatment of the NiP for comparison.
- Figure 8 shows the curves of the dynamic friction coefficient as a function of the distance traveled for the NiP/ruby pair with the NiP treated by oxidation in an aqueous medium according to the invention for a sample and the NiP/ruby pair without treatment of the NiP for comparison.
- the present invention relates to a mechanical part subjected on one or more of its so-called functional or contact surfaces to friction with one or more functional surfaces of another part or of the same part.
- the mechanical part can be used in any system where friction is a concern. It can be applications for automobile parts, electronic parts, etc. More specifically, it can be a part in the watchmaking field and in particular a part of the movement. As a part, we can cite a pallet, an escape wheel, an axis of a mobile, a bearing, a barrel spring or even teeth of gear wheels. Said part can be in contact with another part. For example, in the field of watchmaking, the functional assembly 1 visible in FIG.
- first part 2 which is a pallet 4 of an anchor 5 and a second part 3 which is an escape wheel 6. More precisely, the pallet 4 has a rest plane A and an impulse plane B which cooperate with the rest planes C and impulse planes D of the tooth 7 of the escape wheel 6.
- These planes A, B, C, D are functional surfaces that are highly stressed and subject to high levels of friction and/or contact requiring the use of special materials to reduce friction.
- one functional surface of a part may be in contact with another functional surface of the same part.
- this may be a barrel spring formed from a blade with one face of the spring intended to be in contact with another face of the spring.
- the mechanical part is at least partly made of NiP.
- at least the functional surface(s) are made of NiP.
- the part may be made in bulk of NiP or include a NiP coating at least at the functional surfaces.
- the other mechanical part comprising the other functional surface intended to be in frictional contact with the functional surface of said mechanical part may be made of a material chosen from ruby, steel and NiP treated or not according to the method of the invention.
- the functional surfaces comprise oxides and/or phosphates.
- the functional surface 8 can be schematically visualized with a layer of oxides 9 and a layer of phosphates 10.
- the functional surfaces were subjected to an oxidation and/or phosphating treatment with, for the example of FIG. 2, an oxidation and phosphating treatment.
- the oxidation treatment can be carried out by dry oxidation or by electrolysis. Dry oxidation can be obtained by atmospheric plasma or by vacuum plasma or even thermally in an oxygen-flushed furnace.
- the samples can be oxidized in a vacuum reactor under oxygen plasma or under a flush of an O2-O3 mixture when the equipment is equipped with an ozone generator (O3).
- O3 ozone generator
- the oxidation artificially created by the process is in the form of a thin and very homogeneous layer of a darker color than the initial substrate. It may be thought that the conversion layer produced is isotropic without however having proven it.
- the oxide layer has a thickness of between 7 and 13 nm, preferably between 8 and 12 nm.
- the thickness measurement can be carried out by an ellipsometric analysis with for example the SEMILAB Ellipsometer Spectroscopic SE 2000 equipment.
- the oxide layer has in the CIELAB colorimetric space (compliant with standards CIE n°15, ISO 7724/1, DIN 5033 Part 7, ASTM E-1164), a value of a* between 2.2 and 3 and a value of b* between 8 and 12, preferably between 9 and 11.
- the phosphating treatment can be carried out by germination of a phosphate on the NiP substrate.
- This treatment consists of creating germs favorable to good tribology.
- it is a nickel orthophosphate Ni 3 (PO4) 2 relatively simple to germinate. It is also possible to germinate a zinc phosphate (Zn 3 (PO4) 2).
- Germination involves hydrolysis, i.e. breaking a covalent bond in an aqueous medium. Its principle consists of introducing a nickel supply in the form of nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl2.6H2O) and a phosphate supply in the form of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KH2PO4). These two molecules in the presence of each other do not cause any reaction. On the other hand, if a hydrolyser such as urea (NH2CONH2) is added; the whole is brought to a certain temperature which is typically between 70°C and 100°C, the two molecules break to form a third which is nickel orthophosphate, according to the following reaction chain:
- nickel chloride hexahydrate is in an aqueous solution with a molar concentration between 0.01 and 0.06 M
- potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate is in an aqueous solution with a molar concentration between 0.02 and 0.09 M
- urea is in an aqueous solution with a molar concentration between 0.01 and 0.15 M.
- Nickel orthophosphate germinates on NiP The germination has an average density of 35 germs for a square of 100 microns by 100 microns. A representation is given in Figure 3. This amounts to saying that there are 0.0035 germs per square micron. The germs have the appearance of sheets that form a flower petal structure. A germ measures approximately 5 to 6 microns (see Figure 4) and it is very adherent on the surface of the NiP.
- Ni(PO4)2 nickel orthophosphate
- the previous hydrolysis reaction requires an energy input to occur. In this case, it was heat that allowed this reaction to occur. However, it is possible to imagine achieving this energy input by a cold plasma (under reduced or atmospheric pressure) or by ultrasonic energy.
- ALD Atomic layer deposition
- Oxidation treatments were carried out with dry vacuum oxidation. The latter was obtained by vacuum plasma treatment.
- the equipment used is the “PVD/PECVD Denton Discovery” machine.
- the samples are placed in a vacuum chamber. They are preheated to between 100 and 200°C.
- the Ar gas which is very plasmagenic, is introduced into the chamber, the substrate holder of which is subjected to a negative potential that can vary between 500 and 1000 V; which generates a power varying between 90 W and 380 W in the Denton equipment used.
- the pressure is set to 15 pbar. Typically, it can be between 10 and 30 pbar.
- An Ar plasma is ignited.
- the first step consists of cleaning the surface by bombardment with relatively heavy Ar ions for a few minutes.
- the Ar is gradually replaced by O2 until a pure oxygen plasma is obtained, which then takes on a yellow tint. It is the oxygen plasma that will generate the expected oxide layer.
- This very energetic plasma has an electronic temperature of around 100,000 °K (one hundred thousand degrees Kelvin). This temperature, which is not physical, simply reflects the agitation and intense reactivity of the atoms confined in this plasma.
- Oxidation treatments have also been carried out in aqueous media. Oxidation is carried out during simple electrolysis of water, by connection to the positive pole (+) of the electrodes. There, a release of O2 occurs, well known to those skilled in the art.
- the variable parameters are:
- NiCL, 6H2O nickel chloride hexahydrate dissolved at a rate of 1570 mg per 200cc of water; i.e. a 0.033 M solution
- KH2PO4 potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate
- urea (NH2CONH2) dissolved in different proportions: o 300 mg for 200 cc of water (0.025 M solution), o 600 mg for 200 cc of water (0.05 M solution), o 900 mg for 200 cc of water (0.075 M solution), o 1200 mg for 200 cc of water (0.1 M solution).
- variable parameters are as follows:
- Samples were also prepared by combining the two treatments, preferably first the oxidation treatment, followed by the phosphating treatment. Samples were subjected to the dry oxidation treatment, in accordance with sample 8 above, followed by germination carried out with 750 mg of hydrolyser (urea). It should be noted that in order to preserve the surface previously oxidised by plasma, the electrolytic degreasing before germination is carried out in anodic degreasing and not cathodic degreasing. [0050] The tribological tests were conducted in linear alternating mode against a 02mm ruby ball. The test conditions are as follows:
- the color difference between the two pellets is determined on the basis of the delta E with the latter calculated on the basis of the values L*a*b* as follows with Lj, a] and b ⁇ referring to the values of the reference pellet and L 2 , a 2 and b 2 to the values of the pellet oxidized with the treatment according to the invention.
- a delta E of 5.4 is obtained. It can be concluded that the treated sample has darkened compared to the reference sample. An oxidation layer has therefore developed on the surface of the sample. A more detailed characterization of this oxidation layer was made by an ellipsometric analysis. It appears that the thickness of the layer is between 9 and 10 nm. On the other hand, its index located between 1.8 and 2 shows that the composition of this layer is not preferentially composed of NiO whose index of 2.1818 does not correspond, but rather of phosphorus oxides, which does not prohibit the minority presence of NiO.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24705199.8A EP4728114A2 (fr) | 2023-06-13 | 2024-02-20 | Pièce mécanique fonctionnelle et son procédé de traitement de surface |
| CN202480037991.2A CN121399291A (zh) | 2023-06-13 | 2024-02-20 | 功能机械部件及其表面处理方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23179019 | 2023-06-13 | ||
| EP23179019.7 | 2023-06-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024256041A2 true WO2024256041A2 (fr) | 2024-12-19 |
| WO2024256041A3 WO2024256041A3 (fr) | 2025-05-01 |
Family
ID=86764431
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/054286 Ceased WO2024256041A2 (fr) | 2023-06-13 | 2024-02-20 | Pièce mécanique fonctionnelle et son procédé de traitement de surface |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4728114A2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121399291A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024256041A2 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04195717A (ja) * | 1990-11-26 | 1992-07-15 | Hitachi Ltd | 磁気記録媒体、その製造方法及び磁気記録装置 |
| JPH07228981A (ja) * | 1994-02-21 | 1995-08-29 | Nippon Steel Corp | リン酸亜鉛処理性に優れたNiめっきアルミニウム板 |
| JPH11171563A (ja) * | 1997-12-16 | 1999-06-29 | Ueno Hiroshi | 耐熱性に優れた潤滑性被膜及びガラスびん成形用金型 |
| EP2082014B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-02 | 2018-02-14 | Rolex Sa | Montre |
| EP3171230B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-19 | 2019-02-27 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Composant d'horlogerie a tribologie amelioree |
-
2024
- 2024-02-20 CN CN202480037991.2A patent/CN121399291A/zh active Pending
- 2024-02-20 WO PCT/EP2024/054286 patent/WO2024256041A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-02-20 EP EP24705199.8A patent/EP4728114A2/fr active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ISMAËL SAADDOUNE ET AL.: "Synthesis characterisation, Electrochemistry and in situ XRD investigation of Ni (PO ) as négative electrode material for lithium ion batteries", CHEMELECTROCHEM 10.1002/CELC.202001065 |
| LOWIE HENDERICK ET AL.: "Plasma enhanced atomic layer déposition of nickel and cobalt phosphate for lithium ion batteries", DALTON TRANSACTIONS, vol. 51, 2022, pages 2059 |
| SAIFON KULLYAKOOL ET AL.: "Détermination of kinetic triplet of the synthesized Ni (PO ) _8H O by non-isothermal and isothermal kinetic methods", JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, February 2014 (2014-02-01) |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024256041A3 (fr) | 2025-05-01 |
| EP4728114A2 (fr) | 2026-04-22 |
| CN121399291A (zh) | 2026-01-23 |
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