BRPI0701460B1 - Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico - Google Patents

Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico Download PDF

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BRPI0701460B1
BRPI0701460B1 BRPI0701460-0A BRPI0701460A BRPI0701460B1 BR PI0701460 B1 BRPI0701460 B1 BR PI0701460B1 BR PI0701460 A BRPI0701460 A BR PI0701460A BR PI0701460 B1 BRPI0701460 B1 BR PI0701460B1
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trigger
instrument
closing
motor
cutting
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E. Shelton Frederick Iv
L. Gillum Christoph
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Johnson & Johnson
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/70Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/76Manipulators having means for providing feel, e.g. force or tactile feedback
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00398Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00685Archimedes screw
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B2017/00681Aspects not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2017/00734Aspects not otherwise provided for battery operated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B2017/07214Stapler heads
    • A61B2017/07278Stapler heads characterised by its sled or its staple holder
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

instrumento de fixação e corte cirúrgico acionado por motor com articulador e executor. a presente invenção refere-se a um instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico. de acordo com diversas modalidades, o instrumento inclui uma extremidade executora que compreende um instrumento de corte móvel. o instrumento inclui também um conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal para acionar o instrumento de corte na extremidade executora. o instrumento inclui também uma haste que compreende um trem de acionamento de engrenagem conectado ao conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal, um motor para acionar o trem de acionamento de engrenagem, um gatilho de fechamento para fazer com que a extremidade executora grampeie um objeto posicionado na extremidade executora quando o gatilho de fechamento estiver retraído; e um gatilho de acionamento separado do gatilho de fechamento para acionar o motor quando o gatilho de acionamento estiver retraído, o instrumento adicionalmente compreende meios para a articulação da extremidade executora.

Description

(54) Título: INSTRUMENTO DE CORTE E FECHAMENTO CIRÚRGICO (51) Int.CI.: A61B 17/068 (30) Prioridade Unionista: 31/01/2006 US 11/343,562 (73) Titular(es): JOHNSON & JOHNSON (72) Inventor(es): FREDERICK E. SHELTON IV; CHRISTOPH L. GILLUM
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Relatório Descritivo da Patente de Invenção para INSTRUMENTO DE CORTE E FECHAMENTO CIRÚRGICO.
Referência cruzada aos pedidos relacionados [0001] O presente pedido está relacionado aos pedidos de patentes U.S. a seguir depositados simultaneamente, os quais se encontram aqui incorporados por referência:
[0002] -- MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING
INSTRUMENT WITH USER FEEDBACK SYSTEM; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, John Ouwerkerk e Jerome R. Morgan (Documento de patente N° 050519/END5687USNP) [0003] -- MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING
INSTRUMENT WITH LOADING FORCE FEEDBACK; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, John N. Ouwerkerk, Jerome R. Morgan, e Jeffrey S. Swayze (Documento de patente N° 050516/END5692USNP) [0004] -- MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING
INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, John N. Ouwerkerk, Jerome R. Morgan, e Jeffrey S. Swayze (Documento de patente N° 050515/END5693USNP) [0005] -- MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING
INSTRUMENT WITH ADAPTIVE USER FEEDBACK; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, John N. Ouwerkerk, e Jerome R. Morgan (Documento de patente N° 050513/END5694USNP) [0006] -- MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING
INSTRUMENT WITH MECHANICAL CLOSURE SYSTEM; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV e Christoph L. Gillum (Documento de patente N° 050693/END5770USNP) [0007] -- SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH
CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV e Kevin R. Doll (Documento de patente N° 050694/END5771USNP) [0008] -- GEARING SELECTOR FOR A POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING STAPLING INSTRUMENT; Inventores: Frederick E.
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Shelton, IV, Jeffrey S. Swayze, Eugene L. Timperman (Documento de patente N° 050697/END5772USNP) [0009] -- SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING RECORDING CAPABILITIES; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, John N. Ouwerkerk, e Eugene L. Timperman (Documento de patente N° 050698/END5773USNP) [0010] -- SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A REMOVABLE BATTERY; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, Kevin R. Doll, Jeffrey S. Swayze e Eugene Timperman (Documento de patente N° 050699/END5774USNP) [0011] -- ELECTRONIC LOCKOUTS AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENT
INCLUDING SAME; Inventores: Jeffrey S. Swayze, Frederick E. Shelton, IV, Kevin R. Doll (Documento de patente N° 050700/END5775USNP) [0012] -- ENDOSCOPIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH A HANDLE
THAT CAN ARTICULATE WITH RESPECT TO THE SHAFT; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, Jeffrey S. Swayze, Mark S. Ortiz, e Leslie M. Fugikawa (Documento de patente N° 050701END5776USNP) [0013] -- ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT HAVING A ROTARY FIRING AND CLOSURE SYSTEM WITH PARALLEL CLOSURE AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, Stephen J. Balek e Eugene L. Timperman (Documento de patente N° 050702/END5777USNP) [0014] -- DISPOSABLE STAPLE CARTRIDGE HAVING AN ANVIL
WITH TISSUE LOCATOR FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT AND MODULAR END EFFECTOR SYSTEM THEREFOR; Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, Michael S. Cropper, Joshua M. Broehl, Ryan S. Crisp, Jamison J. Float, Eugene L. Timperman (Documento de patente N° 050703/END5778USNP) [0015] -- SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING A FEEDBACK SYSTEM;
Inventores: Frederick E. Shelton, IV, Jerome R. Morgan, Kevin R. Doll, Jeffrey S. Swayze e Eugene Timperman (Documento de patente N° 050705/END5780USNP).
Antecedentes [0016] A presente invenção em geral refere-se a instrumentos de corte
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3/36 e grampeamento cirúrgico e, mais particularmente a instrumentos de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico acionados a motor.
[0017] Os instrumentos cirúrgicos endoscópicos são com freqüência preferidos com relação aos dispositivos cirúrgicos abertos tradicionais, uma vez que incisões menores tendem a reduzir o tempo de recuperação no pós operatório e as complicações. Conseqüentemente, um desenvolvimento significativo perpassou por uma faixa de instrumentos cirúrgicos endoscópicos que são adequados para a colocação precisa de uma extremidade executora distal em um campo cirúrgico desejado através de uma cânula de um trocarte. As referidas extremidades executoras distais engatam o tecido em uma série de maneiras para alcançar um efeito diagnóstico ou terapêutico (por exemplo, endocortador, pegador, cortador, grampeador, aplicador de grampo, dispositivo de acesso, dispositivos de envio de droga/terapia de gene, e dispositivos de energia utilizando ultra-som, RF, laser, etc.).
[0018] Grampeadores cirúrgicos conhecidos incluem uma extremidade executora que simultaneamente faz uma incisão longitudinal no tecido e aplica linhas de grampos nos lados opostos da incisão. A extremidade executora inclui um par de membros de mandíbulas cooperantes que, se o instrumento tiver a intenção de ser usado para aplicações endoscópicas ou laparoscópicas, são capazes de passar através da passagem da cânula. Um dos membros de mandíbula recebe um cartucho de grampos dotado pelo menos de duas fileiras de grampos lateralmente espaçadas. O outro membro de mandíbula define uma bigorna dotada de bolsos de formação de grampos com as fileiras de grampos no cartucho. O instrumento inclui uma pluralidade de cunhas alternantes as quais, quando acionadas distalmente, passam através das aberturas no cartucho de grampos e engatam os direcionadores que suportam os grampos para efetuar o acionamento dos grampos em direção da bigorna.
[0019] Um exemplo do grampeador cirúrgico adequado para as aplicações endoscópicas é descrito na patente U.S. N° 5.465.895, a qual descreve um endocortador com ações distintas de fechamento e de acionamento. Um médico que utilizar o referido dispositivo será capaz de fechar os membros
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4/36 de mandíbula sobre o tecido para posicionar o tecido antes do acionamento. Uma vez que o médico tenha determinado que os membros de mandíbula estejam adequadamente pegando o tecido, o médico poderá então acionar o grampeador cirúrgico com um único golpe de acionamento ou com vários golpes, dependendo do dispositivo. O acionamento do grampeador cirúrgico promove o corte e o grampeamento do tecido. O corte e grampeamento simultâneos evitam complicações que possam surgir quando se realiza as referidas ações seqüencialmente com diferentes instrumentos cirúrgicos que respectivamente apenas seccionam e grampeiam.
[0020] Uma vantagem específica de se ser capaz de fechar sobre um tecido antes de acionar é que o médico é capaz de verificar por meio de um endoscópio que o local desejado para o corte foi alcançado, incluindo a quantidade suficiente de tecido que foi capturada entre as mandíbulas opostas. De outra forma, as mandíbulas opostas podem ser dispostas bem próximas, em especial ao apertar as extremidades distais das mesmas, e assim não formar de forma eficiente os grampos fechados no tecido seccionado. Por outro lado, uma quantidade excessiva do tecido grampeado pode promover a adesão e um acionamento incompleto.
[0021] Grampeadores/cortadores endoscópicos continuam a aumentar em complexidade e funcionamento em cada geração. Uma das razões principais para isto é a busca de uma menor força para acionar (FTF) a um nível que todos ou a maioria dos cirurgiões possam lidar. Uma solução conhecida para reduzir a FTF é o uso de CO2 ou de motores elétricos. Os referidos dispositivos apresentam um desempenho muito melhor do que os dispositivos acionados a mão tradicionais, mas por uma razão diferente. Os cirurgiões tipicamente preferem experimentar uma força de distribuição proporcional àquela que é experimentada pela extremidade executora na formação do grampo para garantir aos mesmos que o ciclo de corte e grampeamento está completo, com um limite superior dentro das capacidades da maioria dos cirurgiões (em torno de 6,80 kg - 13,60 kg (15 lbs - 30 lbs)). Eles desejam também manter o controle do posicionamento do grampo e ser capaz de interromper a qualquer momento se as forças percebidas na haste do dispoPetição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 8/47
5/36 sitivo forem percebidas mais altas ou por alguma outra razão clínica. Os referidos efeitos de retornos de usuário não são adequadamente realizáveis nos presentes endocortadores acionados a motor. Como um resultado, há uma falta geral de aceitação pelos médicos de endocortadores acionados a motor onde a operação de corte e grampeamento seja acionada meramente ao se pressionar um botão.
Sumário [0022] Em um aspecto geral, a presente invenção está direcionada a um instrumento de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico motorizado que proporciona um retorno ao usuário com relação à posição, à força e/ou ao posicionamento da extremidade executora. O instrumento, em diversas modalidades, permite também que o operador controle a extremidade executora, incluído ser capaz de interromper o posicionamento se assim o desejar. O instrumento pode incluir dois gatilhos em sua haste - um gatilho de fechamento e um gatilho de acionamento - com movimentos de acionamento separados. Quando um operador do instrumento retrai o gatilho de fechamento, o tecido posicionado na extremidade executora pode ser grampeado pela extremidade executora. Então, quando o operador retrai o gatilho de acionamento, um motor pode acionar por meio de um trem acionado a engrenagem, um conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal rotacional, que faz com que o instrumento na extremidade executora seccione o tecido grampeado.
[0023] Em diversas modalidades, o instrumento pode compreender um sistema de energia auxiliar com uma força de carga de retorno e um controle para reduzir a força de acionamento necessária para ser exercida pelo operador de modo a concluir a operação de corte. Nas referidas modalidades, o gatilho de acionamento pode ser engrenado em um trem de acionamento por engrenagem do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal. Desta forma, o operador pode experimentar um retorno com relação à força que é aplicada ao instrumento de corte. Ou seja, a força de carga no gatilho de acionamento pode estar relacionada à força de carga experimentada pelo instrumento de corte. Ainda na referida modalidade, pelo fato do gatilho de acionamento ser engrenado no trem de acionamento de engrenagem, a força
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6/36 aplicada pelo operador pode ser acrescentada à força aplicada pelo motor. [0024] De acordo com diversas modalidades, quando o gatilho de acionamento estiver retraído uma quantidade apropriada (por exemplo, cinco graus), uma chave de liga/desliga pode ser acionada, o que envia um sinal ao motor para girara em um coeficiente especificado, iniciando assim o acionamento do conjunto de eixo de acionamento e da extremidade executora. De acordo com outras modalidades, um sensor proporcional pode ser usado. O sensor proporcional pode enviar um sinal ao motor para girar a um coeficiente proporcional à força aplicada ao gatilho de acionamento pelo operador. Desta forma, a posição rotacional do gatilho de acionamento é em geral proporcional a onde o instrumento de corte está na extremidade executora (por exemplo, completamente posicionado ou completamente retraído). Ademais, o operador pode interromper a retração do gatilho de acionamento em algum ponto no passo para interromper o motor, e desta forma interromper o movimento de corte. Ademais, sensores podem ser usados para detectar o início do passo da extremidade executora (por exemplo, posição completamente retraída) e o final do passo (por exemplo, posição completamente posicionada), respectivamente. Conseqüentemente, os sensores podem proporcionar um sistema de controle adaptativo para o controle do posicionamento da extremidade executora que se encontra fora do sistema de alça fechada do motor, trem de engrenagem principal, e extremidade executora. [0025] Em outras modalidades, o gatilho de acionamento pode não estar diretamente engrenado no trem de acionamento de engrenagem usado para acionar a extremidade executora. Nas referidas modalidades, um segundo motor pode ser usado para aplicar forças ao gatilho de acionamento para estimular o posicionamento do instrumento de corte na extremidade executora. O segundo motor pode ser controlado com base em rotações progressivas do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal, que pode ser medido por um endocortador giratório. Na referida modalidade, a posição da posição rotacional do gatilho de acionamento pode estar relacionada com a posição do instrumento de corte na extremidade executora. Ademais, uma chave de ligar/desligar ou uma chave proporcional pode ser usada para conPetição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 10/47
7/36 trolar o motor principal (isto é, o motor que aciona o eixo de acionamento principal).
[0026] Em diversas implementações, a extremidade executora pode ser usada como um parafuso de acionamento helicoidal na base da extremidade executora para acionar o instrumento de corte (por exemplo, faca). Ainda, a extremidade executora pode incluir um cartucho de grampos para grampear o tecido seccionado. De acordo com outras modalidades, outros meios de fixação (ou vedação) do tecido seccionado podem ser usados, incluindo energia de RF e adesivos.
[0027] Ainda, o instrumento pode incluir um sistema de fechamento mecânico. O sistema de fechamento mecânico pode incluir um canal alongado dotado de um membro de grampeamento, tal como uma bigorna, pivotavelmente conectada ao canal para grampear o tecido posicionado na extremidade executora. O usuário pode ativar a ação de grampeamento da extremidade executora ao retrair o gatilho de fechamento, o qual, através de um sistema de fechamento mecânico, ocasiona a ação de grampeamento da extremidade executora. Uma vez que o membro de grampeamento é travado no lugar, o operador pode ativar a operação de corte ao retrair o gatilho de acionamento separado. Isto pode fazer com que o instrumento de corte percorra longitudinalmente ao longo do canal de modo a seccionar o tecido grampeado pela extremidade executora.
[0028] Em diversas implementações, o instrumento pode incluir um conjunto de eixo de acionamento rotacional principal, para acionar a extremidade executora. Ademais, o eixo de acionamento principal pode compreender uma junta de articulação de modo que a extremidade executora pode ser articulada. A junta de articulação pode compreender, por exemplo, um conjunto de engrenagem chanfrada, uma junta universal, ou um cabo de torção flexível capaz de transmitir uma força de torção à extremidade executora.
[0029] Outros aspectos da presente invenção estão direcionados a diversos mecanismos para travar o gatilho em uma porção inferior de empunhamento de pistola à haste. As referidas modalidades liberam espaço na
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8/36 haste diretamente acima e atrás dos gatilhos para outros componentes do instrumento, incluindo os componentes do trem de acionamento de engrenagem e o sistema de fechamento mecânico.
Desenhos [0030] Diversas modalidades da presente invenção são descritas aqui apenas como exemplo em conjunto com as Figuras a seguir, onde:
[0031] As Figuras 1 e 2 são vistas em perspectiva de um instrumento de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0032] As Figuras 3 - 5 são vistas explodidas de uma extremidade executora e do eixo do instrumento de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0033] A Figura 6 é uma vista elevada da extremidade executora de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0034] A Figura 7 é uma vista explodida da haste do instrumento de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0035] As Figuras 8 e 9 são vistas em perspectiva parciais da haste de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0036] A Figura 10 é uma vista lateral da haste de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0037] A Figura 11 é um diagrama esquemático de um circuito usado no instrumento de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0038] As Figuras 12 - 13 são vistas laterais da haste de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0039] As Figuras 14 - 22 ilustram diferentes mecanismos para o travamento do gatilho de fechamento de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0040] As Figuras 23A - B mostram uma junta universal (junta em u) que pode ser empregada no ponto de articulação do instrumento de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0041] As Figuras 24A - B mostram um cabo de torção que pode ser
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9/36 empregado no ponto de articulação do instrumento de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção;
[0042] As Figuras 25 - 31 ilustram o instrumento de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico com auxiliar de energia de acordo com outra modalidade da presente invenção;
[0043] As Figuras 32 - 36 ilustram o instrumento de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico com auxiliar de energia de acordo ainda com outra modalidade da presente invenção;
[0044] As Figuras 37 - 40 ilustram o instrumento de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico com um retorno tátil às modalidades da presente invenção; e [0045] As Figuras 41 - 42 ilustram um sensor proporcional que pode ser usado de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção. Descrição Detalhada [0046] As Figuras 1 e 2 ilustram um instrumento de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico 10 de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção. A modalidade ilustrada é um instrumento endoscópico e, em geral, as modalidades do instrumento 10 aqui descritas são instrumentos de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico endoscópicos. Deve entretanto, ser observado que de acordo com outras modalidades da presente invenção, o instrumento pode ser um instrumento de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico endoscópico, tal como um instrumento laparoscópico.
[0047] O instrumento cirúrgico 10 ilustrado nas Figuras 1 e 2 compreendem uma haste 6, um eixo 8, uma extremidade executora articulada 12 pivotavelmente conectada ao eixo 8 e um pivô de articulação 14. O controle de articulação 16 pode ser proporcionado adjacente à haste 6 para efetuar a rotação da extremidade executora 12 por sobre o pivô de articulação 14. Um controle de articulação 16 pode ser proporcionado adjacente à haste 6 para efetuar a rotação da extremidade executora 12 por sobre o pivô de articulação 14. Na modalidade ilustrada, a extremidade executora 12 é configurada para agir como um endocortador para grampeamento, seccionando e grampeando tecido, embora em outras modalidades, diferentes tipos de extremidades executoras podem ser usados, tais como pegadores, cortadores,
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10/36 grampeadores, aplicadores de grampo, dispositivos de acesso, dispositivos de terapia de droga/gene, ultra-som, RF ou dispositivos de laser, etc.
[0048] A haste 6 do instrumento 10 pode incluir um gatilho de fechamento 18 e um gatilho de acionamento 20 para o acionamento da extremidade executora 12. Será observado que os instrumentos dotados de extremidades executoras direcionadas a tarefas cirúrgicas diferentes possam ser dotados de diferentes números ou tipos de gatilhos ou de outros controles adequados para a operação da extremidade executora 12. A extremidade executora 12 é mostrada separada a partir da haste 6 por um eixo de forma preferida alongado 8. Em uma modalidade preferida, um médico ou um operador do instrumento 10 pode articular a extremidade executora 12 com relação ao eixo 8 ao utilizar o controle de articulação 16, como descrito em maiores detalhes no pedido de patente U.S. pendente N° de série 11/329.020, depositado em 10 de janeiro de 2006, intitulado Surgical Instrument Having An Articulating End Effector por Geoffrey C. Hueil et al., o qual se encontra aqui incorporada por referência.
[0049] A extremidade executora 12 inclui no presente exemplo, dentre outras coisas, um canal de grampo 22 e um membro de grampeamento pivotavelmente móvel, tal como uma bigorna 24, os quais são mantidos em um espaçamento que garante a eficácia do grampeamento e o corte do tecido grampeado na extremidade executora 12. A haste 6 inclui um empunhamento de pistola 26 em direção da qual o gatilho de fechamento 18 é pivotavelmente arrastado pelo médico para realizar o grampeamento ou o fechamento da bigorna 24 em direção do canal de grampo 22 da extremidade executora 12, para desta forma grampear o tecido posicionado entre a bigorna 24 e o canal 22. O gatilho de acionamento 20 se encontra na borda mais externa do gatilho de fechamento 18. Uma vez que o gatilho de fechamento 18 esteja travado na posição de fechamento, como adicionalmente descrito abaixo, o gatilho de acionamento 20 pode girar relativamente em direção do empunhamento de pistola 26, de modo que o mesmo pode ser alcançado pelo operador usando uma mão. Então, o operador pode pivotavelmente arrastar o gatilho de acionamento 20 em direção do empunhamento de pistola 12
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11/36 para promover o grampeamento e o corte do tecido grampeado na extremidade executora 12. Em outras modalidades, diferentes tipos de membros de grampeamento além da bigorna 14 podem ser usados, tais como, por exemplo, uma mandíbula oposta, etc.
[0050] Será observado que os termos proximal e distal são usados aqui com referência a um médico que pega a haste 6 de um instrumento 10. Assim, a extremidade executora 12 é distal com relação à haste mais proximal 6. Será adicionalmente observado, por maior conveniência e clareza, que os termos espaciais tais como vertical e horizontal são usados aqui com relação aos desenhos. Entretanto, os instrumentos cirúrgicos são usados em diversas orientações e posições, e não se pretende que os referidos termos sejam limitantes e absolutos.
[0051] O gatilho de fechamento 18 pode ser acionado primeiro. Uma vez que o médico esteja satisfeito com o posicionamento da extremidade executora 12, o medido pode arrastar de volta o gatilho de fechamento 18 para a sua posição completamente fechada, travada próxima ao empunhamento de pistola 26. O gatilho de acionamento 20 pode então ser acionado. O gatilho de acionamento 20 retorna para a posição aberta (mostrada nas Figuras 1 e 2) quando o médico remove a pressão, como descrito mais amplamente abaixo. O botão de liberação na haste 6, quando pressionado pode liberar o gatilho de fechamento travado 18. O botão de liberação pode ser implementado em diversas formas tais como, por exemplo, como um botão de liberação de deslize 160 mostrado na Figura 14, e/ou botão 172 mostrado na Figura 16.
[0052] A Figura 3 é uma vista explodida da extremidade executora 12 de acordo com as diversas modalidades. Como mostrado na modalidade ilustrada, a extremidade executora 12 pode incluir, além do canal anteriormente mencionado 22 e bigorna 24, um instrumento de corte 32, um deslizador 33, um cartucho de grampos 34 que é removivelmente disposto no canal 22, e um eixo de parafuso helicoidal 36. O instrumento de corte 32 pode, por exemplo, ser uma faca. A bigorna 24 pode ser pivotavelmente aberta e fechada no ponto pivô 25 conectado à extremidade proximal do canal 22.
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12/36
A bigorna 24 pode também incluir uma aba 27 na sua extremidade proximal que é inserida em um componente do sistema de fechamento mecânico (descrito posteriormente abaixo) para abrir e fechar a bigorna 24. Quando o gatilho de fechamento 18 for acionado, ou seja, arrastado por um usuário do instrumento 10, a bigorna 24 pode pivotar sobre o ponto pivô 25 para uma posição grampeada ou fechada. Se o grampeamento da extremidade executora 12 for satisfatório, o operador pode acionar o gatilho de acionamento 20, o qual como explicado em maiores detalhes abaixo, faz com que a faca 32 e o deslizador 33, trafeguem longitudinalmente ao longo do canal 22, desta forma cortando o tecido grampeado dentro da extremidade executora 12. O movimento do deslizador 33 ao longo do canal 22 faz com que os grampos do cartucho de grampos 34 sejam direcionados através do tecido seccionado e contra a bigorna fechada 24, que giram os grampos para fecharem o tecido seccionado. Em diversas modalidades, o deslizador 33 pode ser um componente integral do cartucho 34. A patente U.S. N° 6.978.921, intitulada Surgical stapling instrument incorporating an E-beam firing mechanism a qual se encontra aqui incorporada por referência, proporciona mais detalhes os referidos instrumentos de corte e grampeamento cirúrgico de dois golpes. O deslizador 33 pode ser parte do cartucho 34, de modo que quando a faca 32 se retrai em seguida da operação de corte, o deslizador 33 não se retrai. [0053] Deve ser observado que embora as modalidades do instrumento 10 aqui descritas empreguem uma extremidade executora 12 que grampeiam o tecido seccionado, em outras modalidades, diferentes técnicas para a fixação ou a vedação do tecido seccionado podem ser usadas. Por exemplo, extremidades executoras que utilizam energia RF ou adesivos para fixar o tecido seccionado podem também ser usadas. A patente U.S. N° 5.709.680, intitulada ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE para Yates et al., e a patente U.S. N° 5.688.270 intitulada ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE WITH RECESSED AND/OR OFFSET ELECTRODES para Yates et al., as quais se encontram aqui incorporadas por referência, descrevem um instrumento de corte endoscópico que usa energia RF para vedar o tecido seccionado. O pedido de patente U.S. de N° de série
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13/36
11/267.811 para Jerome R. Morgan, et. al, e o pedido de patente U.S. de N° de série 11/267.383 para Frederick E. Shelton, IV, et. al.; os quais encontram aqui incorporados por referência, descrevem um instrumento de corte endoscópico que utiliza adesivos para fechar o tecido seccionado. Assim, embora a descrição aqui se refira a operações de corte/grampeamento e semelhante abaixo, deve ser reconhecido que é uma modalidade exemplificativa e não pretende ser limitante. Outras técnicas de fechamento de tecido podem também ser usadas.
[0054] As Figuras 4 e 5 são vistas explodidas e a Figura 6 e a vista lateral da extremidade executora 12 e do eixo 8 de acordo com as diversas modalidades. Como mostrado na modalidade ilustrada, o eixo 8 pode incluir um tubo de fechamento proximal 40 e um tubo de fechamento distal 42 pivotavelmente ligados por ligações pivô 44. O tubo de fechamento distal 42 inclui uma abertura 45 dentro da qual a aba 27 na bigorna 24 é inserida de modo a abrir e fechar a bigorna 24, como adicionalmente descrito abaixo. Disposto dentro dos tubos de fechamento 40, 42, pode estar um tubo colunar proximal 46. Disposto no interior do tubo colunar proximal 46 pode estar um eixo de acionamento rotacional (ou proximal) principal 48 que se comunica com um eixo de acionamento secundário (ou distal) 50 por meio de um conjunto de engrenagem chanfrada 52. O eixo de acionamento secundário 50 é conectado a uma engrenagem de acionamento 54 que engata uma engrenagem de acionamento proximal 56 do eixo de parafuso helicoidal 36. A engrenagem chanfrada vertical 52b pode se encontrar e pivotar em uma abertura 57 na extremidade distal do tubo colunar proximal 46. Um tubo colunar distal 58 pode ser usado para encerrar o eixo de acionamento secundário 50 e as engrenagens de acionamento 54, 56. Coletivamente, o eixo de acionamento principal 48, o eixo de acionamento secundário 50, e o conjunto de articulação (por exemplo, o conjunto de engrenagem chanfrada 52a-c) são algumas vezes referidos como o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal.
[0055] Um mancal 38, posicionado na extremidade distal do canal de grampo 22, recebe o parafuso de acionamento helicoidal 36, permitindo que o parafuso de acionamento helicoidal 36 gire livremente com relação ao caPetição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 17/47
14/36 nal 22. O eixo do parafuso helicoidal 36 pode interfacear uma abertura roscada (não mostrada) da faca 32 de modo que a rotação do eixo 36 faz com que a faca 32 se movimento distal ou proximalmente (dependendo da direção da rotação) através do canal de grampo 22. Assim, quando o eixo de acionamento principal 48 é girado por acionamento do gatilho de acionamento 20 (como explicado em maiores detalhes abaixo); o conjunto de engrenagem chanfrada 52a-c, faz com que o eixo de acionamento secundário 50 gire o que por sua vez, em virtude do engate das engrenagens de acionamento 54, 56, faz com que o eixo de parafuso helicoidal 36 gire, o que faz com que o membro de direcionamento de faca 32 percorra longitudinalmente ao longo do canal 22 para cortar qualquer tecido grampeado dentro da extremidade executora. O deslizador 33 pode ser produzido, por exemplo, a partir de plástico, e pode ser dotado de uma superfície distal inclinada. Na medida em que o deslizador 33 atravessa o canal 22, a superfície dianteira inclinada pode empurrar para cima ou direcionar os grampos no cartucho de grampos através do tecido grampeado e contra a bigorna 24. A bigorna 24 gira os grampos, desta forma grampeando o tecido seccionado. Quando a faca 32 for retraída, a faca 32 e o deslizador 33 podem se tornar engatados, desta forma deixando o deslizador 33 na extremidade distal do canal 22. [0056] Como descrito acima, em virtude da falta de feedback do usuário para a operação de corte/grampeamento, há uma falta de aceitação por parte dos médicos com relação aos endocortadores acionados a motor, onde a operação de corte/grampeamento é acionada meramente ao se pressionar um botão. De forma diferente, as modalidades da presente invenção, proporcionam um endocortador acionado a motor com um feedback de usuário com relação ao posicionamento, força, e/ou posição do instrumento de corte na extremidade executora.
[0057] As Figuras 7 - 10 ilustram uma modalidade exemplificativa de um endocortador acionado a motor, e em particular a haste do mesmo, que proporciona um feedback para o usuário com relação ao posicionamento e a força de carga do instrumento de corte na extremidade executora. Ademais, a modalidade pode usar a potência proporcionada pelo usuário em retrair o
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15/36 gatilho de acionamento 20 para acionar o dispositivo (um modo chamado de auxílio de potência). Como mostrado na modalidade ilustrada, a haste 6 inclui peças de lado inferior externo 59, 60 e peças de lado superior externo 61, 62 que se encaixam ente si para formar, em geral, a porção externa da haste 6. Uma bateria 64, tal como uma bateria de íons de Li, pode ser proporcionada na porção de empunhamento de pistola 26 da haste 6. A bateria 64 fornece energia ao motor 65 disposto em uma porção superior da porção de empunhamento de pistola 26 da haste 6. De acordo com diversas modalidades, o motor 65 pode ser um motor de acionamento DC escovado dotado de uma rotação máxima de aproximadamente 5.000 rpm. O motor 64 pode acionar um conjunto de engrenagem chanfrada 66 em 90° que compreende uma primeira engrenagem chanfrada 68 e uma segunda engrenagem chanfrada 70. O conjunto de engrenagem chanfrada 66 pode acionar um conjunto de engrenagem planetária 72. O conjunto de engrenagem planetária 72 pode incluir uma engrenagem de pinhão 74 conectada a um eixo de acionamento 76. A engrenagem de pinhão 74 pode acionar a engrenagem de anéis correspondentes 78 que aciona o tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 por meio de um eixo de acionamento 82. Um anel 84 pode ser roscado no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80. Assim, quando o motor 65 gira, o anel 84 percorre ao longo do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 por meio de um conjunto de engrenagem chanfrada interposta 66, conjunto de engrenagem planetária 72 e engrenagens de anel 78.
[0058] A haste 6 pode também incluir um sensor de velocidade do motor 110 em comunicação com o gatilho de acionamento 20 para detectar quando o gatilho de acionamento foi arrastado para dentro (ou fechado) em direção da porção de empunhamento de pistola 26 da haste 6 pelo operador para desta forma acionar a operação de corte/grampeamento pela extremidade executora 12. O sensor 110 pode ser um sensor proporcional tal como, por exemplo, um reostato ou resistor variável. Quando o gatilho de acionamento 20 é arrastado para dentro, o sensor 110 detecta o movimento, e envia um sinal elétrico indicador da voltagem (ou energia) a ser fornecido ao motor 65. Quando o sensor 110 for um resistor variável ou semelhante, a
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16/36 rotação do motor 65 pode ser em geral proporcional à quantidade de movimento do gatilho de acionamento 20. Ou seja, se o operador apenas arrastar ou fechar um pouco o gatilho de acionamento 20, a rotação do motor 65 é relativamente baixa. Quando o gatilho de acionamento 20 estiver completamente arrastado (ou na posição completamente fechada), a rotação do motor 65 se encontra em sem máximo. Em outras palavras, quanto mais forte o usuário puxar o gatilho de acionamento 20, mais voltagem é aplicada ao motor 65, ocasionando maior coeficiente de rotação.
[0059] A haste 6 pode incluir uma peça de haste média 104 adjacente à porção superior do gatilho de acionamento 20/ A haste 6 pode também compreender uma mola de orientação 112 conectada entre as colunas da peça de haste média 104 e o gatilho de acionamento 20. A mola de orientação 112 pode orientar o gatilho de acionamento 20 para a sua posição completamente aberta. Desta forma, quando o operador libera o gatilho de acionamento 20, a mola de orientação 112 irá puxar o gatilho de acionamento 20 para a sua posição aberta, desta forma removendo o acionamento do sensor 110, desta maneira interrompendo a rotação do motor 65. Ademais, em virtude da mola de orientação 112, a qualquer tempo que o usuário fechar o gatilho de acionamento 20, o usuário irá experimentar resistência à operação de fechamento, desta forma proporcionando o usuário com a informação de retorno da quantidade de rotação exercida pelo motor 65. Adicionalmente, o operador pode interromper a retração do gatilho de acionamento 20 para desta forma remover a força a partir do sensor 100, e desta forma parar o motor 65. Como resultado, o usuário pode parar o posicionamento da extremidade executora 12, desta maneira proporcionando uma medida de controle da operação de corte/fechamento do operador.
[0060] A extremidade distal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 inclui um eixo de acionamento distal 120 que aciona a engrenagem de anel 122, que corresponde à engrenagem de pinhão 124. A engrenagem de pinhão 124 é conectada ao eixo de acionamento principal 48 do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal. Desta forma, a rotação do motor 65 faz com que o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal gire, o que ocasiona o acioPetição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 20/47
17/36 namento da extremidade executora 12, como descrito acima.
[0061] O anel 84 roscado no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 pode incluir uma coluna 86 que é disposta dentro da fenda 88 de um braço fendido 90. o braço fendido 90 apresenta uma abertura 92 em sua extremidade oposta 94, que recebe um pino pivô 96 que é conectado entre as peças laterais externas da haste 59, 60. O pino pivô 96 é também disposto através de uma abertura 100 no gatilho de acionamento 20 e uma abertura 102 na peça de haste média 104.
[0062] Ainda, a haste 6 pode incluir um motor reverso (ou sensor de fim de passo) 130 e um motor de parada (ou de início de passo) 142. Em diversas modalidades, o sensor de motor reverso 130 pode ser uma chave de limite localizada na extremidade distal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 de modo que o anel 84 roscado no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 entra em contato e move o sensor de motor reverso 130 quando o anel 84 alcança a extremidade distal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80. O sensor de motor reverso 130, quando ativado, envia um sinal ao motor 65 para reverter a direção da sua rotação, desta forma retirando a faca 32 da extremidade executora 12 em seguida da operação de corte.
[0063] O sensor de motor de parada 142 pode, por exemplo, ser uma chave de limite normalmente fechada. Nas diversas modalidades, a mesma pode estar localizada na extremidade proximal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 de modo que o anel 84 move a chave 142 quando o anel 84 alcança a extremidade proximal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80. [0064] Em operação, quando um operador do instrumento 10 puxa de volta o gatilho de acionamento 20, o sensor 110 detecta o posicionamento do gatilho de acionamento 20 e envia um sinal ao motor 65 para ocasionar a rotação pra frente do motor 65, por exemplo, no coeficiente proporcional a quão forte o operador puxa de volta o gatilho de acionamento 20. A rotação para frente do motor 65 por sua vez, faz com que a engrenagem de anel 78 na extremidade distal do conjunto de engrenagem planetária 72 gire, desta forma fazendo com que o tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 gire, fazendo com que o anel 84 roscado no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 percorra
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18/36 distalmente ao longo do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80. A rotação do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 orienta também o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal como acima descrito, o que por sua vez ocasiona o posicionamento da faca 32 na extremidade executora 12. Ou seja, a faca 32 e o deslizador 33 atravessam longitudinalmente o canal 22, desta forma cortando o tecido grampeado na extremidade executora 12. Ainda, a operação de grampeamento da extremidade executora 12 ocorre em modalidades nas quais a extremidade executora do tipo de grampeamento é usada.
[0065] No momento em que a operação de corte/grampeamento da extremidade executora 12 estiver completa, o anel 84 no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 terá alcançado a extremidade distal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80; desta forma fazendo com que o sensor de motor reverso 130 seja movimentado, o qual envia um sinal ao motor 65 para fazer com que o motor 65 reverta a sua rotação. Isto, por sua vez, faz com que a faca 32 se retraia, e também faça com que o anel 84 no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 se mova de volta para a extremidade proximal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80.
[0066] A peça de haste média 104 inclui uma porção de ombro traseira 106 que engata o braço fendido 90, como é melhor observado nas Figuras 8 e 9. A peça de haste média 104 também apresenta uma parada de movimento para frente 107 que engata o gatilho de acionamento 20. O movimento do braço fendido 90 é controlado, como explicado acima, por rotação do motor 65. Quando o braço fendido 90 gira CCW na medida em que o anel 84 percorre a partir da extremidade proximal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 para a extremidade distal, a peça de haste média 104 estará livre para girar CCW. Assim, na medida em que o usuário arrasta o gatilho de acionamento 20, o gatilho de acionamento 20 engata a parada de movimento para frente 107 da peça de haste média 104, fazendo com que a peça de haste média 104 gire CCW. Em virtude do ombro traseiro 106 engatar o braço fendido 90, entretanto, a peça de haste média 104 será apenas capaz de girar CCW tanto quanto o braço fendido 90 permitir. Desta forma, se o motor 65 tiver que parar de girar por alguma razão, o braço fendido 90 irá parar de
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19/36 girar, e o usuário não será capaz de puxar adicionalmente o gatilho de acionamento 20 pelo fato de que a peça de haste média 104 não estará livre para girar CCW em virtude do braço fendido 90.
[0067] As Figuras 41 e 42 ilustram dois estados de um sensor variável que pode ser usado como o sensor de motor de parada 110, de acordo com diversas modalidades da presente invenção. O sensor 110 pode incluir uma porção de face 280, um primeiro eletrodo (A) 282, um segundo eletrodo (B) 284, e um material dielétrico compressível (por exemplo, EAP) entre os eletrodos 282, 284. O sensor 110 pode ser posicionado de modo que a porção de face 280 entra em contato com o gatilho de acionamento 20 quando retraído. Assim, quando o gatilho de acionamento 20 for retraído, o material dielétrico 286 é comprimido, como mostrado na Figura 42, de modo que os eletrodos 282, 284 são mais próximos um do outro. Uma vez que a distância b entre os eletrodos 282, 284 está diretamente relacionada com a impedância entre os eletrodos 282, 284, quanto maior a distância maior a impedância, e quanto mais próxima a distância menor a impedância. Desta forma, a quantidade a qual o dielétrico 286 é comprimido, em virtude da retração do gatilho de acionamento 20 (denotado como a força F na Figura 42), é proporcional a impedância entre os eletrodos 282, 284, que podem ser usados para proporcionalmente controlar o motor 65.
[0068] Os componentes de um sistema de fechamento exemplificativo para o fechamento (ou grampeamento) da bigorna 24 da extremidade executora 12 ao retrair o gatilho de fechamento 18 são mostrados nas Figuras 7 10. Na modalidade ilustrada, o sistema de fechamento inclui um GARFO 250 conectado ao gatilho de fechamento 18 por um pino 251 que é inserido através de aberturas alinhadas tanto no gatilho de fechamento 18 como no GARFO 250. Um pino pivô 252, sobre o qual o gatilho de fechamento 18 pivota, é inserido através de outra abertura no gatilho de fechamento 18 que é deslocada a partir de onde o pino 251 é inserido através do gatilho de fechamento 18. Assim, a retração do gatilho de fechamento 18 faz com que a parte superior do gatilho de fechamento 18, à qual o GARFO 250 é fixado por meio do pino 251, gire CCW. A extremidade distal do GARFO 250 é conectada, por
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20/36 meio do pino 254, a uma primeira braçadeira de fechamento 256. A primeira braçadeira de fechamento 256 se conecta a uma segunda braçadeira de fechamento 258. Em conjunto, as braçadeiras de fechamento 256, 258 definem uma abertura na qual a extremidade proximal do tubo de fechamento proximal 40 (ver Figura 4) está apoiado e mantido, de modo que o movimento longitudinal das braçadeiras de fechamento 256, 258 promova o movimento longitudinal pelo tubo de fechamento proximal 40. O instrumento 10 inclui também uma haste de fechamento 260 disposta dentro do tubo de fechamento proximal 40. A haste de fechamento 260 pode incluir uma janela 261 dentro da qual uma coluna 263 em uma das peças externas da haste, tal como a peça lateral inferior externa 59 na modalidade ilustrada, é disposta para conectar fixamente a haste de fechamento 260 à haste 6. Desta forma, o tubo de fechamento proximal 40 é capaz de se mover longitudinalmente com relação à haste de fechamento 260. A haste de fechamento 260 inclui também um colar distal 267 que se encaixa dentro da cavidade 269 no tubo colunar proximal 46 e é retido no mesmo por uma tampa 271 (ver Figura 4).
[0069] Em operação, quando o GARFO 250 girar em virtude da retração do gatilho de fechamento 18, as braçadeiras de fechamento 256, 258 fazem com que o tubo de fechamento proximal 40 se mova distalmente (isto é, em afastamento a partir da extremidade de haste do instrumento 10), o que faz com que o tubo de fechamento distal 42 se mova distalmente, o que faz com que a bigorna 24 gire sobre o ponto pivô 25 para a posição grampeada ou fechada. Quando o gatilho de fechamento 18 é destravado a partir da posição travada, o tubo de fechamento proximal 40 desliza proximalmente, o que faz com que o tubo de fechamento distal 42 deslize proximalmente, o que em virtude da aba 27 ser inserida na janela 45 do tubo de fechamento distal 42, faz com que a bigorna 24 pivote sobre o ponto pivô 25 para a posição aberta ou não grampeada. Desta forma, ao se retrair e travar o gatilho de fechamento 18, um operador pode grampear o tecido entre a bigorna 24 e o canal 22, e pode desgrampear o tecido em seguida da operação de corte/grampeamento ao destravar o gatilho de acionamento 20 da posição travada.
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21/36 [0070] A Figura 11 é um diagrama esquemático de um circuito elétrico do instrumento 10 de acordo com as diversas modalidades da presente invenção. Quando o operador inicialmente puxa o gatilho de acionamento 20 após o travamento do gatilho de fechamento 18, o sensor 110 é ativado, permitindo que a corrente flua através do mesmo. Se a chave de sensor de motor reverso normalmente aberto 130 for aberta (significando que o fim do passo da extremidade executora não foi alcançado), a corrente irá fluir para um relé de duplo acionamento e único pólo 132. Uma vez que a chave sensora de motor reverso 130 não está fechada, o indutor 134 do relé 132 não será ativado, de modo que o relé 132 estará em seu estado não ativado. O circuito inclui também um sensor de travamento de cartucho 136. Se a extremidade executora 12 inclui um cartucho de grampos 34, o sensor 136 estará no estado fechado, permitindo que a corrente flua. De oura forma, se a extremidade executora 12 não inclui um cartucho de grampos 34, o sensor 136 será aberto, desta forma evitando que a bateria 64 ative o motor 65. [0071] Quando o cartucho de grampos 34 estiver presente, o sensor 136 é fechado, o que ativa o relé de único acionamento e único pólo 138. Quando o relé 138 é ativado, a corrente flui através do relé 136, através do sensor de resistor variável 110, e para o motor 65 por meio do relé de duplo acionamento e duplo pólo 140, desta forma ativando o motor 65 e permitindo que o mesmo gire na direção para frente.
[0072] Quando a extremidade executora 12 alcança o final do seu passo, o sensor de motor reverso 130 será ativado, desta forma fechando a chave 130 e ativando o relé 134. Isto faz com que o relé 134 assuma o seu estado ativado (não mostrado na Figura 13), o que faz com que a corrente desvie do sensor de travamento de cartucho 136 e do resistor variável 110, e faça com que a corrente flua tanto para o relé de duplo acionamento e duplo pólo normalmente fechado 142 como de volta para o motor 65, mas de uma maneira, por meio do relé 140, que faz com que o motor 65 reverta a direção da sua rotação.
[0073] Em virtude da chave sensora de motor de parada 142 ser normalmente fechada, a corrente irá fluir de volta ao relé 134 para manter a
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22/36 mesma fechada até que a chave 142 se abra. Quando a faca 32 estiver completamente retraída, a chave sensora de motor de parada 142 é ativada, fazendo com que a chave 142 se abra, desta maneira removendo a energia do motor 65.
[0074] Em outras modalidades, em vez do sensor do tipo proporcional 110, um sensor do tipo de ligar-desligar pode ser usado. Nas referidas modalidades, o coeficiente de rotação do motor 65 não seria proporcional à força aplicada pelo operador. Em vez disto, o motor 65 irá em geral girar em um coeficiente constante. Mas o operador irá experimentar um retorno da força em virtude do gatilho de acionamento 20 estar engrenado dentro do trem de acionamento de engrenagem.
[0075] A Figura 12 é uma vista lateral da haste 6 do endocortador motorizado auxiliado à energia de acordo com uma outra modalidade. A modalidade da Figura 12 é similar àquela das Figuras 7 - 10, exceto em que na modalidade da Figura 12, não há um braço fendido conectado ao anel 84 roscado no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80. Em vez disto, na modalidade da Figura 12, o anel 84 inclui uma porção sensora 114 que se move com o anel 84 na medida em que o anel 84 avança para baixo (e para trás) no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80. A porção sensora 114 inclui uma chanfradura 116. O sensor de motor reverso 130 pode estar localizado na extremidade distal da chanfradura 116 e o sensor de motor de parada 142 pode estar localizado na extremidade proximal da chanfradura 116. Na medida em que o anel 84 se move para baixo no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 (e para trás), a porção sensora 114 se move com o mesmo. Ademais, como mostrado na Figura 12, a peça média 104 pode ser dotada de um braço 118 que se estende dentro da chanfradura 12.
[0076] Em operação, na medida em que um operador do instrumento 10 retrai no gatilho de acionamento 20 em direção do empunhamento de pistola 26, o sensor de movimento de motor 110 detecta o movimento e envia o sinal para acionar o motor 65, o que faz com que, entre outras coisas, o tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 gire. Na medida em que o tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 gira, o anel 84 roscado no tambor de engrenagem
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23/36 helicoidal 80 avança (ou retrai, dependendo da rotação). Ainda, em virtude de puxar o gatilho de acionamento 20, a peça média 104 gira CCW com o gatilho de acionamento 20 em virtude da parada de movimento para frente 107 que engata o gatilho de acionamento 20. A rotação CCW da peça média 104 faz com que o braço 118 gire CCW com a porção sensora 114 do anel 84, de modo que o braço 118 permanece disposto na chanfradura 116. Quando o anel 84 alcança a extremidade distal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80, o braço 118 irá entrar em contato e acionar o sensor de motor reverso 130. De forma similar, quando o anel 84 alcança a extremidade proximal do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80, o braço irá entrar em contato e desta forma acionar o sensor de parada de motor 142. As referidas ações podem reverter e parar o motor 65, respectivamente, como descrito acima. [0077] A Figura 13 é uma vista lateral da haste 6 do endocortador motorizado auxiliado à energia, de acordo com uma outra modalidade da presente invenção. A modalidade da Figura 13 é similar àquelas das Figuras 7 10, exceto em que na modalidade da Figura 13, não há fenda no braço 90. Em vez disto, o anel 84 roscado no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 inclui um canal vertical 126. Em vez da fenda, o braço 90 inclui uma coluna 128 que é disposta no canal 126. Na medida em que o tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 gira, o anel 84 roscado no tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80 avança (ou retrai, dependendo da rotação). O braço 90 gira CCW na medida em que o anel 84 avança em virtude da coluna 128 estar disposta no canal 126, como mostrado na Figura 13.
[0078] Como mencionado acima, com o uso de um instrumento motorizado de dois tempos, o operador primeiro puxa de volta e trava o gatilho de fechamento 18. As Figuras 14 e 15 mostram uma modalidade de uma forma de travar o gatilho de fechamento 18 a uma porção de empunhamento de pistola 26 da haste 6. Na modalidade ilustrada, a porção de empunhamento de pistola 26 inclui um gancho 150 que é orientado para girar CCW por sobre o ponto pivô 151 por uma mola de torção 152. Ainda, o gatilho de fechamento 18 inclui uma barra de fechamento 154. Na medida em que o operador puxa o gatilho de fechamento 18, a barra de fechamento 154 engata a
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24/36 porção inclinada 156 do gancho 150, desta forma girando o gancho 150 para cima (ou CW nas Figuras 12 - 13) até que a barra de fechamento 154 passe completamente pela porção inclinada 156, passe para dentro da chanfradura fendida 158 do gancho 150, que trava o gatilho de fechamento 18 no lugar. O operador pode liberar o gatilho de fechamento 18 ao empurrar para baixo em um liberador de botão de deslizar 160 na parte de trás ou lado oposto da porção de empunhamento de pistola 26. Ao empurrar para baixo o liberador de botão de deslizar 160, se gira o gancho 150 CW de modo que a barra de fechamento 154 é liberada da chanfradura fendida 158.
[0079] A Figura 16 mostra outro mecanismo de travamento de gatinho de fechamento de acordo com diversas modalidades. Na modalidade da Figura 16, o gatilho de fechamento 18 inclui uma cunha 160 dotada de uma porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161. A porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161 é orientada para baixo (ou CW) por uma mola de folha 162. A cunha 160 e a mola de folha 162 podem ser produzidas, por exemplo, a partir de plástico moldado. Quando o gatilho de fechamento 18 é retraído, a porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161 é inserida através de uma abertura 164 na porção de empunhamento de pistola 26 da haste 6. Uma superfície chanfrada inferior 166 da porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161 engata a parede lateral inferior 168 da abertura 164, forçando a porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161 girar CCW. Eventualmente a superfície chanfrada inferior 166 passa completamente pela parede lateral inferior 168, removendo a força CCW na porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161, fazendo com que a parede lateral inferior 168 deslize para uma posição travada na chanfradura 170 atrás da porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161.
[0080] Para destravar o gatilho de fechamento 18, o usuário aperta no botão 172 no lado oposto do gatilho de fechamento 18, fazendo com que a porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161 gire CCW e permitindo com que a porção de cabeça em forma de seta 161 deslize para fora da abertura 164. [0081] As Figuras 17 - 22 mostram um mecanismo de travamento de gatilho de fechamento de acordo com uma outra modalidade. Como mostrado na presente modalidade, o gatilho de fechamento 18 inclui um braço lonPetição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 28/47
25/36 gitudinal flexível 176 que inclui um pino lateral 178 que se estende a partir do mesmo. O braço 176 e o pino 178 podem ser produzidos a partir de plástico moldado, por exemplo. A porção de empunhamento de pistola 26 da haste 6 inclui uma abertura 180 com uma cunha que se estende lateralmente 182 disposta na mesma. Quando o gatilho de fechamento 18 for retraído, o pino 178 engata a cunha 182, e o pino 178 é forçado para baixo (isto é, o braço 176 é girado CW) pela superfície inferior 184 da cunha 182, como mostrado nas Figuras 17 e 18. Quando o pino 178 passa completamente pela superfície inferior 184, a força CW no braço 176 é removido, e o pino 178 é girado CCW de modo que o pino 178 é disposto em uma chanfradura 186 atrás da cunha 182, como mostrado na Figura 19, desta forma travando o gatilho de fechamento 18. O pino 178 é adicionalmente mantido na posição travada por um batente flexível 188 que se estende a partir da cunha 184.
[0082] Para se destravar o gatilho de fechamento 18, o operador pode adicionalmente apertar o gatilho de fechamento 18, fazendo com que o pino 178 engate na parede traseira inclinada 190 das aberturas 180, forçando o pino 178 para cima adiante do batente flexível 188, como mostrado nas Figuras 20 e 21. O pino 178 está então livre para percorrer para fora de um canal superior 192 na abertura 180 de modo que o gatilho de fechamento 18 não está mais travado na porção de empunhamento de pistola 26, como mostrado na Figura 22.
[0083] As Figuras 23A - B mostram uma junta universal (junta-u) 195. A segunda peça 195-2 da junta-u 195 em uma orientação linear (180') e Figura 23B mostra a junta-u 195 em uma orientação de aproximadamente 150° A junta-u 195 pode ser usada em vez das engrenagens chanfradas 52a - c (ver Figura 4, por exemplo) no ponto de articulação 14 do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal para articular a extremidade executora 12. As Figuras 24A - B mostram um cabo de torção 197 que pode ser usado em lugar tanto das engrenagens chanfradas 52a - c, como da junta-u 195 para realizar a articulação da extremidade executora 12.
[0084] As Figuras 25 - 31 ilustram uma outra modalidade de um instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico de dois passos motorizado 10, com
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26/36 um auxiliar de energia de acordo com uma outra modalidade da presente invenção. A modalidade das Figuras 25 - 31 é similar àquela das Figuras 6 10, exceto em que em vez do tambor de engrenagem helicoidal 80, a modalidade das Figuras 23 - 28 incluem um conjunto de acionamento de engrenagem alternativo. A modalidade das Figuras 25 - 31 inclui um conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200 incluindo um número de engrenagens dispostas em uma estrutura 201, onde as engrenagens são conectadas entre a engrenagem planetária 72 e a engrenagem de pinhão 124 na extremidade proximal do eixo de acionamento 48. Como explicado adicionalmente abaixo, o conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200 proporciona um retorno ao usuário por meio do gatilho de acionamento 20 com relação ao posicionamento e a força de carga da extremidade executora 12. Ainda, o usuário pode proporcionar potência ao sistema por meio do conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200 para ajudar no posicionamento da extremidade executora. Neste sentido, da mesma forma que as modalidades acima descritas, a modalidade das Figuras 23 - 32 é um outro instrumento motorizado auxiliado a energia 10 que proporciona retorno ao usuário com relação à força de carga experimentada pelo instrumento de corte.
[0085] Na modalidade ilustrada o gatilho de acionamento 20 inclui duas pecas: uma porção de corpo principal 202 e uma porção de enrijecimento 204. A porção de corpo principal 202 pode ser produzida a partir de plástico, por exemplo, e uma porção de enrijecimento 204 pode ser produzida a partir de um material mais rígido, tal como metal. Na modalidade ilustrada, a porção de enrijecimento 204 é adjacente à porção de corpo principal 202, mas de acordo com outras modalidades, a porção de enrijecimento 204 pode ser disposta dentro da porção de corpo principal 202. Um pino pivô 209 pode ser inserido através das aberturas nas pecas de gatilho de acionamento 202, 204, e pode ser o ponto sobre o qual o gatilho de acionamento 20 gira. Ademais, uma mola 222 pode orientar o gatilho de acionamento 20 para girar na direção CCW. A mola 222 pode apresentar uma extremidade distal conectada a um pino 224 que é conectado às peças 202, 204 do gatilho de acionamento 20. A extremidade proximal da mola 222 pode ser conectada a
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27/36 uma das peças laterais inferiores externas da haste 59, 60.
[0086] Na modalidade ilustrada, tanto a porção de corpo principal 202 como a porção de enrijecimento 204 incluem porções de engrenagem 206, 208 (respectivamente) nas suas porções de extremidade superiores. As porções de engrenagens 206, 208 engatam a engrenagem na conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200, como explicado abaixo, para acionar o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal e para proporcionar retorno ao usuário com relação ao desdobramento da extremidade executora 12.
[0087] O conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200 pode incluir como mostrado, na modalidade ilustrada, seis (6) engrenagens. A primeira engrenagem 210 do conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200 engata as porções de engrenagens 206, 208 do gatilho de acionamento 20. Ademais, a primeira engrenagem 210 engata uma segunda engrenagem menor 212, a segunda engrenagem menor 212 é coaxial com a terceira engrenagem maior 214. A terceira engrenagem 214 engata uma quarta engrenagem menor 216, a quarta engrenagem menor é coaxial com a quinta engrenagem 218. A quinta engrenagem 218 é uma engrenagem chanfrada a 90° que engata uma engrenagem chanfrada a 90° correspondente 220 (melhor mostrado na Figura 31) que é conectada à engrenagem de pinhão 124 que aciona o eixo de acionamento principal 48.
[0088] Em operação, quando o usuário retrai o gatilho de acionamento 20, um sensor de movimento de motor (não mostrado) é ativado, o que pode proporcionar um sinal ao motor 65 para girar a um coeficiente proporcional à extensão ou força com a qual o operador está retraindo o gatilho de acionamento 20. Isto faz com que o motor 65 gire a uma velocidade proporcional ao sinal do sensor. O sensor não é mostrado na presente modalidade, mas o mesmo pode ser similar ao sensor de movimento de motor 110 acima descrito. O sensor pode estar localizado na haste 6 de modo que a mesma é pressionada quando o gatilho de acionamento 20 for retraído. Ainda, em vez do sensor do tipo proporcional, um sensor do tipo de ligar/desligar pode ser usado.
[0089] A rotação do motor 65 faz com que as engrenagens chanfradas
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28/36
66, 70 girem, o que faz com que a engrenagem planetária 72 gire, o que faz com que o eixo de acionamento 76, e a engrenagem de anel 122 girem. A engrenagem de anel 122 corresponde com a engrenagem de pinhão 124, que é conectada ao eixo de acionamento principal 48. Assim, a rotação da engrenagem de pinhão 124 aciona o eixo de acionamento principal 48, o que causa o acionamento da operação de corte/grampeamento da extremidade executora 12.
[0090] A rotação para frente da engrenagem de pinhão 124 por sua vez faz com que a engrenagem chanfrada 220 gire, o que faz com que, por meio das engrenagens do conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200, a primeira engrenagem 210 gire. A primeira engrenagem 210 engata as porções de engrenagens 206, 208 do gatilho de acionamento 20, desta forma fazendo com que o gatilho de acionamento 20 gire CCW quando o motor 65 proporciona a direção para frente para a extremidade executora 12 (e para girar CCW quando o motor 65 gira em reverso para trair a extremidade executora 12). Desta forma, o usuário experimenta informações de retorno com relação à força de carga e ao posicionamento da extremidade executora 12 por meio do empunhamento do usuário no gatilho de acionamento 20. Assim, quando o usuário retrai o gatilho de acionamento 20, o operador irá experimentar uma resistência relacionada à força de carga experimentada pela extremidade executora 12. De forma similar, quando o operador libera o gatilho de acionamento 20 após a operação de corte/grampeamento, de modo que o mesmo pode retornar para a sua posição original, o usuário irá experimentar uma força de rotação CW a partir do gatilho de acionamento 20 que é em geral proporcional à velocidade reversa do motor 65.
[0091] Deve ser observado que na presente modalidade, o usuário pode aplicar força (seja em lugar ou em adição à força do motor 65) para acionar o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal (e conseqüentemente a operação de corte/grampeamento da extremidade executora 12) através da retração do gatilho de acionamento 20. Ou seja, a retração do gatilho de acionamento 20 faz com que as porções de engrenagem 206, 208 girem CCW, o que faz com que as engrenagens no conjunto de caixa de engrenagem
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29/36
200 gire, desta forma fazendo com que a engrenagem de pinhão 124 gire, o que faz com que o eixo de acionamento principal 48 gire.
[0092] Embora não mostrado nas Figuras 25 - 31, o instrumento 10 pode adicionalmente incluir sensores de motor reverso e de parada de motor. Como acima descrito, os sensores de motor reverso e de parada de motor podem detectar, respectivamente, o final do passo de corte (o completo posicionamento do membro de acionamento de faca/deslizador 32) e o fim da operação de retração (a completa retração do membro de acionamento de faca/deslizador 32). Um circuito similar àquele acima descrito com relação à Figura 11, pode ser usado para apropriadamente acionar o motor 65. [0093] As Figuras 32 - 36 ilustram um instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico motorizado de dois passos 10, com um auxiliar de energia de acordo com uma outra modalidade. A modalidade das Figuras 32 - 36 é similar àquela das Figuras 25 - 31 exceto em que na modalidade das Figuras 32 - 36, o gatilho de acionamento 20 inclui uma porção inferior 228 e uma porção superior 230. Ambas as porções 228, 230 são conectadas a e pivotam sobre um pino pivô 207 que é disposto através de cada porção 228, 230. A porção superior 230 inclui uma porção de engrenagem 232 que engata a primeira engrenagem 210 do conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200. A mola 222 é conectada à porção superior 230 de modo que a porção superior é orientada para girar na direção CW. A porção superior 230 pode também incluir um braço inferior 234 que entra em contato com a superfície superior da porção inferior 228 do gatilho de acionamento 20 de modo que quando a porção superior 230 gira CW, a porção inferior 228 também gira CW, e quando a porção inferior 228 gira CCW a porção superior 230 também gira CCW. De forma similar, a porção inferior 228 inclui uma parada rotacional 238 que engata a porção de ombro inferior da porção superior 230. Desta forma, quando a porção superior 230 gira CCW a porção inferior 228 também gira CCW, e quando a porção inferior 228 gira CW a porção superior 230 também gira CW.
[0094] A modalidade ilustrada inclui também um sensor de parada de motor 110 que comunica um sinal ao motor 65 que, em diversas modalidaPetição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 33/47
30/36 des, pode fazer com que o motor 65 gire a uma velocidade proporcional à força aplicada pelo operador quando retrai o gatilho de acionamento 20. O sensor 110 pode, por exemplo, ser um reostato ou algum outro sensor de resistência variável, como explicado aqui. Ademais, o instrumento 10 pode incluir um sensor de motor reverso 130 que é movimentado ou comutado quando em posto em contato com a face dianteira 242 da porção superior 230 do gatilho de acionamento 20. Quando ativado, o sensor de motor reverso 130 envia um sinal ao motor 65 para reverter a direção. Ainda, o instrumento 10 pode incluir um sensor de parada de motor 142 que é movimentado ou acionado quando colocado em contato pela porção inferior 228 do gatilho de acionamento 20. Quando ativado, o sensor de parada de motor 142 envia um sinal para parar a rotação revertida do motor 65.
[0095] Em operação, quando o operador retrai o gatilho de fechamento 18 para a posição travada, o gatilho de acionamento 20 é retraído relativamente (através de mecanismos conhecidos na técnica, incluindo a patente U.S. N° 6.978.921 para Frederick Shelton, IV et. al., e patente U.S. N° 6.905.057 para Jeffery S. Swayze et. al., as quais se encontram aqui incorporadas por referência) de modo que o usuário possa pegar o gatilho de acionamento 20 e iniciar a operação de corte/grampeamento, como mostrado nas Figuras 32 e 33. Neste momento, como mostrado na Figura 33, a porção de engrenagem 232 da porção superior 230 do gatilho de acionamento 20 se move em engate com a primeira engrenagem 210 do conjunto de engrenagem 200. Quando o operador retrai o gatilho de acionamento 20, de acordo com as diversas modalidades, o gatilho de acionamento 20 pode girar uma pequena quantidade, tal como cinco graus, antes do movimento do sensor de acionamento de motor 110, como mostrado na Figura 34. A ativação do sensor 110 faz com que o motor 65 gire para frente a um coeficiente proporcional à força de retração aplicada pelo operador. A rotação para frente do motor 65 faz com que, como acima descrito, o eixo de acionamento principal 48 gire, o que faz com que a faca 32 na extremidade executora 12 seja posicionada (isto é, começa a atravessar o canal 22). A rotação da engrenagem de pinhão 124, que é conectada ao eixo de acionamento principal 48, faz
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31/36 com que as engrenagens 210 - 220 no conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200 gire. Uma vez que a primeira engrenagem 210 está em engate com a porção de engrenagem 232 da porção superior 230 do gatilho de acionamento 20, a porção superior 232 gira CCW, o que faz com que a porção inferior 228 também gire CCW.
[0096] Quando a faca 32 for completamente posicionada (isto é, no final do passo de corte), a face dianteira 242 da porção superior 230 movimenta o sensor de motor reverso 130, o que envia um sinal ao motor 65 para reverter a direção rotacional. Isto faz com que o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal reverta a direção rotacional para retrair a faca 32. A rotação reversa do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal faz com que as engrenagens 210 - 220 no conjunto de caixa de engrenagem para reverter a direção, que faz com que a porção superior 230 do gatilho de acionamento 20 gire CW, que faz com que a porção inferior 228 do gatilho de acionamento 20 gire CW até que a porção inferior 228 movimento ou acione o sensor de parada de motor 142 quando a faca 32 estiver completamente retraída, o que faz com que o motor 65 pare. Desta forma, o usuário experimenta informações de retorno com relação ao posicionamento da extremidade executora 12 por meio do empunhamento do usuário no gatilho de acionamento 20. Assim, quando o usuário retrai o gatilho de acionamento 20, o operador irá experimentar uma resistência relacionada ao posicionamento da extremidade executora 12, e em particular, à força de carga experimentada pela faca 32. De forma similar, quando o operador libera o gatilho de acionamento 20 após a operação de corte/grampeamento de modo que o mesmo pode retornar à sua posição original, o usuário pode experimentar uma força de rotação CW a partir do gatilho de acionamento 20 que é em geral proporcional à velocidade reversa do motor 65.
[0097] Deve ser observado que na presente modalidade, o usuário pode aplicar força (seja em lugar ou em adição à força do motor 65) para acionar o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal (e conseqüentemente a operação de corte/grampeamento da extremidade executora 12) através da retração do gatilho de acionamento 20. Ou seja, a retração do gatilho de aciPetição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 35/47
32/36 onamento 20 faz com que a porção de engrenagem 232 da porção superior 230 gire CCW, o que faz com que as engrenagens do conjunto de caixa de engrenagem 200 gire, desta forma fazendo com que a engrenagem de pinhão 124 gire, o que faz com que o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal gire.
[0098] As modalidades acima descritas empregam sistemas de retorno ao usuário com auxílio de energia, com ou sem o controle adaptativo (por exemplo, usando um sensor 110, 130 e 142 fora do sistema de alça fechada do motor, trem de acionamento de engrenagem e extremidade executora) para o instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico motorizado de dois tempos. Ou seja, a força aplicada pelo usuário na retração do gatilho de acionamento 20 pode ser adicionada à força aplicada pelo motor 65 em virtude do gatilho de acionamento 20 ser engrenado (seja direta ou indiretamente) dentro do trem de acionamento de engrenagem entre o motor 65 e o eixo de acionamento principal 48. Em outras modalidades da presente invenção, o usuário pode ser proporcionado com informação de retorno tátil com relação à posição da faca 32 na extremidade executora, mas sem ter que acionar o gatilho de acionamento 20 engrenado dentro do trem de acionamento de engrenagem. As Figuras 37 - 40 ilustram instrumentos de corte e fechamento cirúrgicos motorizados com o referido sistema de informação de retorno de posição tátil.
[0099] Na modalidade ilustrada das Figuras 37 - 40, o gatilho de acionamento 20 pode ser dotado de uma porção inferior 228 e de uma porção superior 230, similar ao instrumento 10 mostrado nas Figuras 32 - 36. Diferente da modalidade das Figuras 32 - 36, entretanto, a porção superior 230 não apresenta uma porção de engrenagem que corresponda com parte do trem de acionamento de engrenagem. Em vez disto, o instrumento inclui um segundo motor 265 com uma haste roscada 266 roscada no mesmo. A haste roscada 266 alterna longitudinalmente para dentro e para fora do motor 265 na medida em que o motor 265 gira, dependendo da direção de rotação. O instrumento 10 inclui também um endocortador 268 que responde às rotações do eixo de acionamento principal 48 para a transferência de movimento
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33/36 angular incrementai do eixo de acionamento principal 48 (ou outro componente do conjunto de eixo de acionamento) para dentro da serie correspondente de sinais digitais, por exemplo. Na modalidade ilustrada, a engrenagem de pinhão 124 inclui um eixo de acionamento proximal 270 que se conecta ao codificador 268.
[00100] O instrumento 10 inclui também um circuito de controle (não mostrado), que pode ser implementado usando um micro controlador ou algum tipo de circuito integrado, que recebe os sinais digitais a partir do codificador 268. Com base nos sinais do codificador 268, o circuito de controle pode calcular o estagio do posicionamento da faca 32 na extremidade executora 12. Ou seja, o circuito de controle pode calcular se a faca 32 está completamente posicionada, completamente retraída, ou em um estágio intermediário. Com base nos cálculos de armazenamento da extremidade executora 12, o circuito de controle pode enviar um sinal ao segundo motor 265 para controlar a sua rotação para desta forma controlar o movimento alternado da haste roscada 266.
[00101] Em operação, como mostrado na Figura 37, quando o gatilho de fechamento 18 não está travado na posição grampeada, o gatilho de acionamento 20 girado em afastamento da porção de empunhamento de pistola 26 da haste 6, de modo que a face dianteira 242 da porção superior 230 do gatilho de acionamento 20 não está em contato com a extremidade proximal da haste roscada 266. Quando o operador retrai o gatilho de fechamento 18 e trava o mesmo na posição grampeada, o gatilho de acionamento 20 gira relativamente em direção do gatilho de fechamento 20, de modo que o operador pode pegar o gatilho de acionamento 20, como mostrado na Figura 38. Na referida posição, a face dianteira 242 da porção superior 230 entra em contato com a extremidade proximal da haste roscada 266.
[00102] Na medida em que o usuário então retrai o gatilho de acionamento 20, após uma quantidade inicial de rotação (por exemplo, 5 graus de rotação), o sensor de movimento de rotor 110 pode ser ativado de modo que, como explicado acima, o sensor 110 envia um sinal ao motor 65 para fazer com que o mesmo gire em uma velocidade para frente proporcional à
Petição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 37/47
34/36 quantidade da força de retração aplicada pelo operador do gatilho de acionamento 20. A rotação para frente do motor 65 faz com que o eixo de acionamento principal 48 gire por meio do trem de acionamento de engrenagem, que faz com que a faca 32 e o deslizador 33 desçam pelo canal 22 e seccionem o tecido grampeado na extremidade executora 12. O circuito de controle recebe sinais de saída a partir do codificador 268 referentes às rotações de incremento do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal e envia o sinal para o segundo motor 265 para fazer com que o segundo motor 265 gire; o que faz com que a haste roscada 266 se retraia para dentro do motor 265. Isto permite com que a porção superior 230 do gatilho de acionamento 20 para girar CCW, que permite que a porção inferior 228 do gatilho de acionamento 20 também gire CCW. Desta forma, em virtude do movimento alternado da haste roscada 266 estar relacionado às rotações do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal, o operador do instrumento 10, por meio do empunhamento no gatilho de acionamento 20, experimenta uma informação de retorno tátil com relação ao posicionamento da extremidade executora
12. A força de retração aplicada pelo operador, entretanto, não afeta diretamente o acionamento do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal em virtude do gatilho de acionamento 20 não ser engrenado no trem de acionamento de engrenagem na presente modalidade.
[00103] Em virtude do rastreio das rotações crescentes do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal por meio dos sinais de saída do codificador 268, o circuito de controle pode calcular quando a faca 32 está completamente posicionada (isto é, completamente estendida). Neste ponto, o circuito de controle pode enviar um sinal para o motor 65 para a direção reversa para ocasionar a retração da faca 32. A direção reversa do motor 65 faz com que a rotação do conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal reverta a direção que é também detectada pelo codificador 268. Com base na rotação reversa detectada pelo codificador 268, o circuito de controle envia um sinal ao segundo motor 265 para fazer com que o mesmo reverta a direção rotacional de modo que a haste roscada 266 inicia a se estender longitudinalmente a partir do motor 265. O referido movimento força a porção superior 230 do
Petição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 38/47
35/36 gatilho de acionamento 20 a girar CW, o que faz com que a porção inferior 228 gire CW. Desta forma, o operador pode experimentar uma força CW a partir do gatilho de acionamento 20, o que proporciona uma informação de retorno ao operador, como a posição de retração da faca 32 na extremidade executora 12. O circuito de controle pode determinar quando a faca 32 está completamente está completamente retraída. Neste ponto, o circuito de controle pode enviar sinal ao motor 65 para parar a rotação.
[00104] De acordo com outras modalidades, em vez do circuito de controle determinar a posição da faca 32, os sensores de motor reverso e de parada de motor podem ser usados, como acima descrito. Ademais, em vez de usar um sensor proporcionar 110 para controlar a rotação do motor 65, uma chave de ligar/desligar ou sensor pode ser usado. Na referida modalidade, o operador não seria capaz de controlar o coeficiente de rotação do motor 65. Em vez disto, ele giraria em um coeficiente pré-programado. [00105] As diversas modalidades da presente invenção foram acima descritas em conjunto com os instrumentos cirúrgicos do tipo de corte. Deve ser observado, entretanto, que em outras modalidades, o instrumento cirúrgico da presente invenção aqui descrito não precisa ser um instrumento cirúrgico do tipo de corte. Por exemplo, o mesmo pode ser um instrumento endoscópico não de corte, um pegador, um grampeador, um aplicador de grampos, um dispositivo de acesso, um dispositivo de envio de terapia de gene/droga, um dispositivo de energia que usa ultra-som, RF, laser, etc. [00106] Embora a presente invenção tenha sido descrita com relação a determinadas modalidades descritas, muitas modificações e variações às referidas modalidades podem ser implementadas. Por exemplo, diferentes tipos de extremidades executoras podem ser empregados. Ainda, onde os materiais são descritos para determinados componentes, outros materiais podem ser usados. A descrição anterior e as reivindicações a seguir pretendem cobrir todas as referidas modificações e variações.
[00107] Qualquer patente, publicação, ou outro material descritivo, em todo ou em parte, que se diz estar aqui incorporado por referência, se encontra aqui incorporado por referência apenas na extensão que os materiais
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36/36 incorporados não entram em conflito com as definições, determinações existentes, ou outros materiais descritos determinados na presente descrição. Como tal, e na extensão necessária, a descrição como aqui explicitamente determinada, supera qualquer material conflitante aqui incorporado por referência. Qualquer material ou porção do mesmo, que se diga estar aqui incorporado por referência, mas que entre em conflito com as definições, determinações existentes ou outra descrição de material aqui determinada, será apenas incorporado desde que não surja nenhum conflito entre aquele material incorporado e a descrição do material existente.
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1/3

Claims (12)

  1. REIVINDICAÇÕES
    1. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico (10) compreendendo:
    uma extremidade executora (12) compreendendo: um canal alongado (22);
    um membro de grampeamento (24) pivotavelmente conectado ao canal (22); e um instrumento de corte móvel (32) para atravessar o canal (22) para cortar um objeto grampeado na extremidade executora (12) pelo membro de grampeamento (24) quando o membro de grampeamento (24) estiver na posição grampeada;
    um conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal rotacional (48,50) para acionar o instrumento de corte (32) na extremidade executora (12);
    um trem de acionamento de engrenagem (66,72,78,80,84) conectado ao conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal (48,50);
    um motor (65) para acionar o trem de acionamento de engrenagem (66,72,78,80,84);
    um gatilho de fechamento (18) para fazer com que o membro de grampeamento (24) pivote para a posição grampeada quando retraído;
    um gatilho de acionamento (20) separado do gatilho de fechamento (18) para acionar o motor (65) quando o gatilho de fechamento (18) estiver retraído;
    meios para a articulação da extremidade executora (12); e uma junta universal (195) posicionada no ponto sobre o qual a extremidade executora (12) se articula, caracterizado pelo fato de que o conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal (48,50) compreende um eixo de acionamento proximal (48) e um eixo de acionamento distal (50); e em que a junta universal (195) está conectada ao conjunto de eixo de acionamento principal (48,50) entre o eixo de acionamento proximal (48) e o eixo de acionamento distal (50).
  2. 2. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a
    Petição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 41/47
    2/3 reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que ainda compreende um controle de articulação (16) para permitir que um operador do instrumento controle o meio para articulação.
  3. 3. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que ainda compreende um sensor de movimento de motor (110) para detectar a retração do gatilho de acionamento (20).
  4. 4. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 3, caracterizado pelo fato de que o sensor de movimento de motor (110) compreende uma chave proporcional de modo que a taxa de rotação do motor seja proporcional à força de retração aplicada ao gatilho de acionamento (20).
  5. 5. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado pelo fato de que ainda compreende:
    um sensor de motor reverso (130) para detectar a condição indicativa de uma extremidade de um passo de corte pelo instrumento de corte (32); e um sensor de motor de parada (142) para detectar uma condição indicativa da retração do instrumento de corte (32).
  6. 6. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 5, caracterizado pelo fato de que o gatilho de acionamento (20) é engrenado no trem de acionamento de engrenagem (66,72,78,80,84).
  7. 7. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que ainda compreende um sistema de fechamento mecânico conectado ao gatilho de fechamento (18) e ao membro de grampeamento (24) para fazer com que o membro de grampeamento (24) pivote para a posição grampeada quando o gatilho de fechamento (18) estiver retraído.
  8. 8. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 7, caracterizado pelo fato de que o sistema de fechamento mecânico compreende:
    uma braçadeira (256,258) conectada ao gatilho de fechamento
    Petição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 42/47
    3/3 (18); e um conjunto de tubo de fechamento (40,42) dotado de uma extremidade distal conectada ao membro de grampeamento (24) e uma extremidade proximal apoiada na braçadeira (256,258).
  9. 9. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a extremidade executora (12) inclui um cartucho de grampo (34) apoiado no canal alongado (22) e o membro de grampeamento compreende uma bigorna (24).
  10. 10. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que ainda compreende um mecanismo de travamento para travar o gatilho de fechamento (18) quando retraído.
  11. 11. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que a extremidade executora (12) ainda compreende um parafuso de acionamento helicoidal (36).
  12. 12. Instrumento de corte e fechamento cirúrgico, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que ainda compreende um sistema de informação de retorno de posição tátil para aplicar força ao gatilho de acionamento (20) de modo que a posição do gatilho de acionamento (20) está relacionada à posição do instrumento de corte na extremidade executora (12).
    Petição 870170094872, de 06/12/2017, pág. 43/47
    1/39
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CA2576474A1 (en) 2007-07-31
RU2449747C2 (ru) 2012-05-10
CA2576474C (en) 2015-10-27
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AU2007200303B2 (en) 2012-06-21
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US7721934B2 (en) 2010-05-25
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EP1813210A1 (en) 2007-08-01
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SG134300A1 (en) 2007-08-29
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US7568603B2 (en) 2009-08-04
US20070233053A1 (en) 2007-10-04

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