CH88700A - Method for the isolation of morphine. - Google Patents
Method for the isolation of morphine.Info
- Publication number
- CH88700A CH88700A CH88700DA CH88700A CH 88700 A CH88700 A CH 88700A CH 88700D A CH88700D A CH 88700DA CH 88700 A CH88700 A CH 88700A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- morphine
- cell substance
- extraction
- natural cell
- starting material
- Prior art date
Links
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012445 acidic reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008896 Opium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960001027 opium Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-MSOLQXFVSA-N (-)-noscapine Chemical compound CN1CCC2=CC=3OCOC=3C(OC)=C2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C2=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C2C(=O)O1 AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-MSOLQXFVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-noscapine Natural products CN1CCC2=CC=3OCOC=3C(OC)=C2C1C1C2=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C2C(=O)O1 AKNNEGZIBPJZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PLPRGLOFPNJOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N narcotine Natural products COc1ccc2C(OC(=O)c2c1OC)C3Cc4c(CN3C)cc5OCOc5c4OC PLPRGLOFPNJOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940050962 powdered opium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D489/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula:
- C07D489/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula: with oxygen atoms attached in positions 3 and 6, e.g. morphine, morphinone
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Description
verfahren zur Isolierung von Morphin. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Isolierung von Mor phin aus pflanzlichem Ausgangsmaterial, wobei man als solches sowohl eine Mischung von Opium und natürlicher Zellsubstanz, als auch eine Mischung eines aus Opium berei teten geeigneten Extraktes und natürlicher Zellsubstanz verwenden kann. Als natÜr- liche Zellsubstanz wird vorteilhaft. Blattpul ver verwendet.
Das Verfahren beruht darauf, dass man durch Zusatz von sauer wirkenden Reagen- lien das Alkaloid in natürlicher Zellsubstanz gegenüber mit Wasser nicht mischbaren. niedrig siedenden Fettlösungsmitteln fixiert.
worauf man dem Material durch erschöp fende Vorextraktion mit einem dieser Fett lösungsmittel die löslichen, nicht basischen Begleitstoffe des Alkaloides entzieht, dann das so vorgereinigte Extraktionsgut in neuen Mengen Fettlösungsmittel suspendiert und alkalisch macht, m,-rauf man (las in Frei heit gesetzte Morphin aus der Zellsubstanz Herauslöst, den so gewonnenen Extrakt auf ein kleines Volumen einengt und das daraus abgeschiedene hochprozentige Morphin auf bekannte Weise in chemisch reine Form überführt.
Infolge der Schwerlöslichkeit des Mor phins in reinen l@et,tl.ösurigsmitteln kamt die sen sowohl zur Vorextraktion der rnorphin- haltigen, angesäuerten Zellsubstanz, wie zur Extraktion der später in Freiheit gesetzten Base zweckmässig bis zti 1.0 ,t Alkohol zuge setzt werden. Auch kann man zur weiterer.
Erhöilting Lies Lösungsvermögens von ange wandten all;aloi(ll)altigen Fettlösungsmitteln die Extraktion lies in Freiheit g1-esetzten Mor phins unter gelindem Erwärmen, z.
B. mit: alkoliollialtigein Benzol, auf 50" ausführen- Beispiel: 1 kg gepulvertes Opium wird mit 5 kg durch Extraktion mit Alkohol und Benzol gereiniglein Blattpulver, das mit einer Lii- sung von 1,\' kg kristallisiertem Aluminium- sulfal;
und<B>0,6</B> Liter Wasser -Kindlich ver- mischt worden Zwar, längere Zeit verrieben, hierauf mit !1 Liter Benzol befeuchtet und im Perkolator mit i0 ö Alkohol enthalten- (.lern Benzol so lan,--e extrahiert,
bis keine fettartigen Stoffe und nur noch Spuren von Alhaloiden lm Perkolat nachweisbar sind. Das mit Aluminiumsulfat angesäuerte Blatt mehl hält Morphin und verwandte Alkaloide zurück. während Narkotin und andere schwache Basen zusammen mit den lös lichen, nicht basischen Begleitstoffen in das Perkolat übergegangen sind.
Das morphin- lialtige Blattpulver wird mit 7"0 Liter Ben zol, das 1.0 ,ö Alkohol enthält, bei 50 C ge rührt, wobei man gasförmiges Ammoniak bis zur bleibenden, stark alkalischen Reak tion der Suspension einleitet und auf diese Weise (las Morphin in Lösung bringt. Nach zweistündiger Einwirkung des Ammoniaks auf die bei 50" C bewegte Suspension saugt man den Extrakt ab und wäscht mit war mem Benzol, das 10 %" Alkohol enthält, er- schöpfend nach.
Der Extrakt wird alsdann vorteilhaft unter verminderten Druck, unter vollständigem Verjagen des Alkohols und ungeachtet der beginnenden Ausscheidung des Morphins, auf L bis 2 Liter eingeengt. Die kristalline Ausscheidung der Base wird vollständig beine Stehen in der Kälte nach Zusatz von ein wenig Wasser, während die Begleitalkaloide in Lösung bleiben.
Durch Filtration und Nachwaschen gewinnt man die 1Iorphinausseheidung als ein nur schwach hellbräunlich gefärbtes Kristall mehl, das auf bekannte Weise leicht in die chemisch reine Base übergeführt werden kann.
method for the isolation of morphine. The present invention relates to a method for isolating morphine from plant starting material, it being possible to use both a mixture of opium and natural cell substance and a mixture of a suitable extract prepared from opium and natural cell substance as such. As a natural cell substance is advantageous. Leaf powder used.
The method is based on the fact that the addition of acidic reagents makes the alkaloid in natural cell substance immiscible with water. fixed with low-boiling fat solvents.
whereupon the soluble, non-basic accompanying substances of the alkaloids are removed from the material by exhaustive pre-extraction with one of these fat solvents, then the pre-cleaned extraction material is suspended in new quantities of fat solvent and made alkaline, m, -rauf (read out morphine set free the cell substance, the extract obtained in this way is reduced to a small volume and the high-percentage morphine separated from it is converted into a chemically pure form in a known manner.
As a result of the poor solubility of morphine in pure l @ et, sometimes acidic substances, it was used both for the pre-extraction of the acidified cell substance containing morphine and for the extraction of the base, which was later set free, and up to 1.0 t of alcohol were expediently added. You can also go to further.
Increasing the dissolving power of applied all; aloi (ll) old fat solvents the extraction let free g1-set morphine with gentle warming, z.
Example: 1 kg of powdered opium is cleaned with 5 kg by extraction with alcohol and benzene to give a solution of 1, \ 'kg of crystallized aluminum sulfal;
and <B> 0.6 </B> liters of water - were mixed in a childish way. Although rubbed in for a long time, then moistened with 1 liter of benzene and contained in the percolator with 10% alcohol - (learn benzene so long, - e extracted,
until no fatty substances and only traces of alhaloids can be detected in the percolate. The leaf flour acidified with aluminum sulfate retains morphine and related alkaloids. while narcotine and other weak bases have passed into the percolate together with the soluble, non-basic accompanying substances.
The morphine leaf powder is stirred with 7 "0 liters of benzene, which contains 1.0, 6 alcohol, at 50 ° C., whereby gaseous ammonia is passed in until the suspension remains, strongly alkaline, and in this way (read morphine in After the ammonia has acted on the suspension, which is agitated at 50 "C., for two hours, the extract is filtered off with suction and washed exhaustively with hot benzene containing 10% alcohol.
The extract is then advantageously concentrated to 1 to 2 liters under reduced pressure, with complete expulsion of the alcohol and regardless of the incipient excretion of the morphine. The crystalline excretion of the base becomes completely on foot in the cold after the addition of a little water, while the accompanying alkaloids remain in solution.
Filtration and washing are used to recover the iorphine precipitate as a pale brownish colored crystal powder which can easily be converted into the chemically pure base in a known manner.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH88700T | 1918-10-25 | ||
| CH79578T | 1918-10-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH88700A true CH88700A (en) | 1921-03-16 |
Family
ID=25702511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH88700D CH88700A (en) | 1918-10-25 | 1918-10-25 | Method for the isolation of morphine. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH88700A (en) |
-
1918
- 1918-10-25 CH CH88700D patent/CH88700A/en unknown
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