CN115190841A - 功能化纺织品材料的集合体及其使用方法 - Google Patents

功能化纺织品材料的集合体及其使用方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN115190841A
CN115190841A CN202080096116.3A CN202080096116A CN115190841A CN 115190841 A CN115190841 A CN 115190841A CN 202080096116 A CN202080096116 A CN 202080096116A CN 115190841 A CN115190841 A CN 115190841A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
layer
layers
ceramic
ceramic material
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202080096116.3A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
N.J.蒙特斯
C.D.奥利弗
L.R.布罗克韦
D.C.沃尔特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nelumbo Inc
Original Assignee
Nelumbo Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2019/065978 external-priority patent/WO2020123804A1/en
Application filed by Nelumbo Inc filed Critical Nelumbo Inc
Publication of CN115190841A publication Critical patent/CN115190841A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/04Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B19/045Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/027Thermal properties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/043Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/046Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/09Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/18Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/02Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/04Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B19/041Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B19/00Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica
    • B32B19/06Layered products comprising a layer of natural mineral fibres or particles, e.g. asbestos, mica next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/28Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
    • B32B27/281Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/34Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/18Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
    • B32B3/20Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side of hollow pieces, e.g. tubes; of pieces with channels or cavities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/024Woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/026Knitted fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/022Mechanical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/025Electric or magnetic properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/005Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising one layer of ceramic material, e.g. porcelain, ceramic tile
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/02Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/041Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/045Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B9/00Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
    • B32B9/04Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B9/047Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising such particular substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material made of fibres or filaments
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/03Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
    • C04B35/04Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/453Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0051Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity
    • C04B38/0058Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity open porosity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0051Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof characterised by the pore size, pore shape or kind of porosity
    • C04B38/0064Multimodal pore size distribution
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/0093Other features
    • C04B38/0096Pores with coated inner walls
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/12Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
    • C08J5/121Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives by heating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D201/00Coating compositions based on unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/08Anti-corrosive paints
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/1204Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
    • C23C18/1208Oxides, e.g. ceramics
    • C23C18/1216Metal oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/1229Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1233Organic substrates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/1229Composition of the substrate
    • C23C18/1241Metallic substrates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/125Process of deposition of the inorganic material
    • C23C18/1295Process of deposition of the inorganic material with after-treatment of the deposited inorganic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C23C22/08Orthophosphates
    • C23C22/10Orthophosphates containing oxidants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/40Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/60Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
    • C23C22/66Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/68Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous solutions with pH between 6 and 8
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
    • C23C22/74Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/52Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being applied in one step
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/44Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table; Zincates; Cadmates
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/45Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table; Aluminates
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/46Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/83Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M17/00Producing multi-layer textile fabrics
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/06Processes in which the treating agent is dispersed in a gas, e.g. aerosols
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M23/00Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
    • D06M23/08Processes in which the treating agent is applied in powder or granular form
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/04Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of rubber; of plastics material; of varnish
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/06Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • B32B2037/243Coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/033 layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/044 layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/055 or more layers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/06Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/10Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20Inorganic coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26Polymeric coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28Multiple coating on one surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261Polyamide fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0276Polyester fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/06Vegetal fibres
    • B32B2262/062Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/08Animal fibres, e.g. hair, wool, silk
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/103Metal fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/105Ceramic fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/12Conjugate fibres, e.g. core/sheath or side-by-side
    • B32B2262/128Woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2264/00Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2264/10Inorganic particles
    • B32B2264/102Oxide or hydroxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02Organic
    • B32B2266/0214Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/04Inorganic
    • B32B2266/057Silicon-containing material, e.g. glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/10Fibres of continuous length
    • B32B2305/18Fabrics, textiles
    • B32B2305/188Woven fabrics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/206Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304Insulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306Resistant to heat
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306Resistant to heat
    • B32B2307/3065Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554Wear resistance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/714Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/714Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
    • B32B2307/7145Rot proof, resistant to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/724Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/728Hydrophilic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/73Hydrophobic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/758Odour absorbent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/02Ceramics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2315/00Other materials containing non-metallic inorganic compounds not provided for in groups B32B2311/00 - B32B2313/04
    • B32B2315/08Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2317/00Animal or vegetable based
    • B32B2317/10Natural fibres, e.g. wool, cotton
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00Buildings or parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2437/00Clothing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2439/00Containers; Receptacles
    • B32B2439/80Medical packaging
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2535/00Medical equipment, e.g. bandage, prostheses or catheter
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2553/00Packaging equipment or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2555/00Personal care
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00Protective equipment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2597/00Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3217Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3284Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/02Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/04Vegetal fibres
    • D06M2101/06Vegetal fibres cellulosic
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/32Polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/34Polyamides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06MTREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/10Repellency against liquids
    • D06M2200/12Hydrophobic properties
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2245/00Coatings; Surface treatments
    • F28F2245/04Coatings; Surface treatments hydrophobic

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

描述了堆叠材料层的集合体。所述集合体包括功能层和结构层。功能层包括在天然、合成或金属材料的织造或非织造基材上的无粘合剂陶瓷材料。功能材料层和结构材料层可以被配置为将水分或热从内表面传输到暴露于周围环境的外表面。

Description

功能化纺织品材料的集合体及其使用方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2019年12月12日提交的PCT申请号PCT/US2019/065978的优先权,并要求2020年3月13日提交的美国临时申请号62/989,092、2020年3月13日提交的美国临时申请号62/989,150、2020年6月12日提交的美国临时申请号63/038,642、2020年6月12日提交的美国临时申请号63/038,693以及2020年6月16日提交的美国临时申请号63/039,965的权益,所有这些申请以引用的方式整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及用在纺织品表面上的陶瓷表面改性材料(特别是,无粘合剂陶瓷,诸如金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物陶瓷,或转化涂层)对纺织品表面的功能化;以及相对于单独或未功能化的层提供功能益处的此类材料层的集合体。
背景技术
相对于未功能化的纺织品层,对纺织品表面的功能化在纺织品性能方面提供了期望的益处。可以为单个系统或制品提供多种有益特性的层的集合体是合乎需要的,并且与单独的功能层或未功能化层的集合体相比时可以提供附加的益处。此外,可以通过整合单独的功能层以形成集合体来增强所需的性能特征。
发明内容
提供了功能材料层和结构材料层和/或具有其他有益特性的层的集合体。功能层可以包括在基材(诸如纺织品基材)上的陶瓷材料。
在一个方面,提供了一种包括顶部表面和底部表面的材料集合体,其中所述集合体包括:(a)x个At材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述At层包括有包括所述顶部表面的最顶层;(b)y个Ab材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述Ab层包括有包括所述底部表面的最底层;和(c)在x个At层与y个Ab层之间的z个B绝热、结构或其他功能有益的材料层,其中x、y和z是相同或不同的层数,其中所述At层和/或所述Ab层可以各自包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料,并且其中每个At层和/或每个Ab层上的所述陶瓷材料是相同或不同的。在一个实施方案中,至少一个At层包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。在另一个实施方案中,至少一个Ab层包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。在另一个实施方案中,至少一个At层和至少一个Ab层各自包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。在一些实施方案中,顶部表面和/或底部表面包括陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。在一些实施方案中,Ab层和/或At层包括多种功能(例如,美观和/或性能相关)特性。
在另一方面,提供了一种包括顶部表面和底部表面的材料集合体,其中所述集合体包括:(a)x个A材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述A层包括有包括顶部表面的最顶层,其中A层各自包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料;和(b)z个B绝热、结构或其他功能有益的材料层,其中B层包括有包括底部表面的最底层,并且其中x和z是相同或不同的层数。在一些实施方案中,所述集合体不包括Ab层。
在另一方面,提供了一种包括顶部表面和底部表面的材料集合体,其中所述集合体包括:(a)x个At材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述At层包括有包括所述顶部表面的最顶层;和(b)y个Ab材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述Ab层包括有包括所述底部表面的最底层,其中所述At层和所述Ab层各自包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料,其中所述At层上的所述陶瓷材料与所述Ab层上的所述陶瓷材料不同,并且其中x和y是相同或不同的。在一些实施方案中,所述集合体不包括B层。在一个实施方案中,至少一个At层包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。在另一个实施方案中,至少一个Ab层包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。在另一个实施方案中,至少一个At层和至少一个Ab层各自包括在基材上的陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。在一些实施方案中,顶部表面和/或底部表面包括陶瓷材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷,例如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。在一些实施方案中,Ab层和/或At层包括多种功能(例如,美观和/或性能相关)特性。
在一些实施方案中,所述陶瓷材料主要是结晶的。在一些实施方案中,所述陶瓷材料包括金属氧化物、金属氧化物的水合物、金属氢氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物的水合物。在一些实施方案中,所述陶瓷材料包括金属氢氧化物,并且金属氢氧化物的至少一部分包括层状双氢氧化物。在一些实施方案中,所述陶瓷是结构化陶瓷,诸如纳米结构化陶瓷。
在一些实施方案中,所述陶瓷材料包括混合金属氧化物、混合金属氧化物的水合物、混合金属氢氧化物和/或混合金属氢氧化物的水合物。在一些实施方案中,所述陶瓷材料包括混合金属氢氧化物,并且所述金属氢氧化物的至少一部分包括层状双氢氧化物。
在一些实施方案中,所述陶瓷材料包括混合金属氧化物、混合金属氧化物的水合物、混合金属氢氧化物和/或混合金属氢氧化物的水合物的化学转化。在一些实施方案中,所述陶瓷材料包括混合金属氢氧化物,并且所述金属氢氧化物的至少一部分包括层状双氢氧化物,其中插层离子已被交换(例如,最初产生的层状双氢氧化物中的插层金属离子已被交换为不同的插层离子)。
在一些实施方案中,用于至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层的所述基材包括织造、非织造或针织的合成或天然纺织品、或金属网、金属筛或金属布。在一些实施方案中,用于至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层的所述基材包括合成或天然材料膜或聚合物。
在一些实施方案中,每个At层和/或Ab层包括选自以下的一种或多种功能特性:冰或冷凝物管理、防冰、防霜、超疏水性、超亲水性、对微生物生长的抑制或抵抗、耐腐蚀性、电磁调制、热调制、阻燃性、透气性、动态抗风、颜色、吸收性、阻隔性、维护特性(例如,色牢度、抗降解性(例如,在洗涤过程中)、易清洁性、抗皱性、抗臭性)、美观特性(例如,颜色反射率、饰面(例如,哑光、乳光)、颜色深度(例如,颜色随观察角度的变化))、气味控制、耐磨性、机械特性(例如,刚度、拉伸强度(例如,抗撕裂性)、抗冲击性)、表面摩擦、手感、耐久性或其组合。
在一些实施方案中,x和/或y大于1,并且每个At层和/或Ab层包括至少一种与其他At层和/或Ab层不同的功能特性。在一些实施方案中,每个At层包括至少一种与其他At层不同的功能特性。在其他实施方案中,每个Ab层包括至少一种与其他Ab层不同的功能特性。在其他实施方案中,At层包括与Ab层不同的功能特性。
在一些实施方案中,包括所述顶部表面的所述最顶层(最顶部At层)和包括所述底部表面的所述最底层(最底部Ab层)具有相同的功能特性。在一些实施方案中,包括所述顶部表面的所述最顶层(最顶部At层)和包括所述底部表面的所述最底层(最底部Ab层)具有不同的功能特性。
在一些实施方案中,每个B层包括一种或多种选自以下的结构特性:热阻、电阻、结构支撑、机械填充、美观、舒适、保护性、耐久性、维护特性(例如,快干性、易折叠性、色牢度、抗降解性(例如,在洗涤过程中)、易清洁性、抗皱性)、流体输送特征或其组合。在一些实施方案中,一个或多个B层包含例如选自玻璃纤维、疏松陶瓷和其他无机材料的陶瓷材料。
在本文中的集合体的一些实施方案中,至少一个A层(例如,至少一个At层和/或Ab层)包括施加到或沉积在赋予或增强一种或多种功能特性的陶瓷材料上的功能材料(例如,表面功能顶涂层材料)。在一些实施方案中,由这些功能材料赋予的至少一种功能特性的量值比由直接沉积在不包括所述陶瓷材料的相同基材上的相同表面功能顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。在本文中的集合体的一些实施方案中,至少一个A层(例如,至少一个At层和/或Ab层)包括功能材料(例如,表面功能顶涂层材料),并且所述陶瓷材料和所述功能材料协同地赋予一种或多种功能特性,其量值比由独立地沉积在相同纺织品表面上的陶瓷材料或顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。
在一些实施方案中,功能层赋予疏水特性。例如,赋予组合物疏水特性的功能层可以包括含氟聚合物、弹性体、塑料或具有头基和尾基的分子,例如,其中头基包括硅烷基、膦酸酯基、膦酸基、羧酸基、乙烯基、醇基、氢氧根(hydroxide group)、巯基、硫醇基和/或铵基(例如,季铵基),并且其中尾基包括烃基、碳氟基、乙烯基、苯基、环氧基、丙烯酸基、丙烯酸酯基、羟基、羧酸基、硫醇基和/或季铵基。
在本文中的集合体的一些实施方案中,至少一个A层(例如,至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层)上的所述无粘合剂陶瓷材料是部分填充的多孔结构。例如,所述陶瓷材料的孔可以填充有第二陶瓷材料或具有头基和尾基的分子。
在本文中的集合体的一些实施方案中,至少一个A层(例如,至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层)可以承受大于约1kPa的静水压力。
在本文中的集合体的一些实施方案中,至少一个A层(例如,至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层)包括大于未用陶瓷材料(以及在一些实施方案中任选的功能层)改性的相同基材的蒸气透过率的约80%的湿气透过率。
在本文中的集合体的一些实施方案中,至少一个A层(例如,至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层)包括大于约150度的卧滴水接触角。
在本文中的集合体的一些实施方案中,至少一个A层(例如,至少一个At层和/或Ab层)改善了美观、穿着舒适性、耐久性或所需特性的维护。(参见,例如,Venkatraman,P.,“Fabric Properties and Their Characteristics,Materials and Technology forSportswear and Performance Apparel,”2015,CRC Press,ISBN 9781482220513。)
在一些实施方案中,所述集合体被结合到机能性外套服装(performanceouterwear apparel)、医用绷带、医用石膏、手术服、过滤或分离介质、包装材料、医院床上用品、吸收性纺织品、防护罩、防护服装、建筑纺织品或土工纺织品中。
在一些实施方案中,提供了一种管道绝热或管道保护材料,其包括如本文所述的集合体,其中一个或多个At层包括疏水或超疏水功能特性,其中一个或多个B层包括绝热、保护(例如,在操作条件下或在使用环境中防止管道腐蚀和/或磨损,和/或防止对靠近管道的个人造成伤害)或结构特性,并且其中一个或多个Ab层包括亲水或超亲水功能特性。例如,所述管道绝热或管道保护材料可以围绕管道,其中所述最底部的Ab层与管道接触,并且其中所述最顶部的At层与周围环境接触。一个或多个At层和/或Ab层可以包括陶瓷涂覆的织造材料。例如,织造材料可以选自不锈钢合金织造材料、碳钢合金织造材料、铝合金织造材料和纺织品。在一些实施方案中,至少一个B层可以包括选自以下的材料:玻璃纤维、碳化硅(例如,金刚砂)、陶瓷纤维绝热材料、硅酮或硅酮泡沫、矿棉、玄武岩、泡沫玻璃、聚酰亚胺、硅酸钙或二氧化硅。还提供了由本文所述的绝热、保护或性能材料围绕的管道、管道区段或反应器(诸如生物反应器、吸附床、催化反应器或蒸馏塔)区段。
在一些实施方案中,提供了包括如本文所述的集合体的纺织品材料,其中一个或多个At层包括疏水或超疏水功能特性,其中一个或多个B层包括绝热、保护或结构特性,并且其中一个或多个Ab层包括亲水或超亲水功能特性。在一些实施方案中,一个或多个At层和/或Ab层的基材包括织造材料。例如,织造材料可以选自纺织品、聚酰胺、聚酯、纤维素材料、棉、羊毛、聚合物膜、不锈钢合金织造材料和铝合金织造材料。在一些实施方案中,一个或多个At层和/或Ab层的所述基材包括尼龙或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。在一些实施方案中,一个或多个B层包含选自以下的材料:聚酯、抓绒、羊毛、羽毛、羽绒和其他主要的有机材料。
附图说明
图1示出了用于医用绷带的材料层的集合体的示例性实施方案。
图2示出了用于机能性外套服装的材料层的集合体的示例性实施方案。
图3示出了用于管道绝热的材料层的集合体的示例性实施方案。
图4示出了用于医用石膏的材料层的集合体的示例性实施方案。
图5示出了用于医用/外科服装的材料层的集合体的示例性实施方案。
具体实施方式
描述了堆叠材料层的集合体以及其使用方法和使用应用。本文所述的集合体包括一个或多个功能(“A”)层和任选地一个或多个结构或整体性质(“B”)层。功能层包括在基材材料上的结构化陶瓷,其可提供所需的功能特性并且/或者其可通过施加或沉积额外的表面化学顶涂层材料来进一步功能化,以提供用于特定使用应用的所需特性。基材表面的至少一部分经历化学转化以提供结构化(例如,纳米结构化)陶瓷材料,并且任选的后续工艺提供陶瓷的另外的功能化。层可以被布置用于以定向方式赋予功能特性,诸如蒸气或热能在朝向环境暴露表面的方向上的移动。层可以被布置用于以组合方式赋予功能特性,诸如提供机械和热保护的耐磨层和绝热层。
A层包括在基材表面上的结构化陶瓷和任选地表面功能性顶涂层,以向基材提供一种或多种功能特性。陶瓷(例如多孔陶瓷(例如,金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物))表面改性组合物沉积在纺织品或织物基材表面上。所述组合物作为在基材表面上的无粘合剂表面改性材料(例如,表面固定陶瓷材料)提供。在一些实施方案中,陶瓷材料包括金属氧化物和/或氢氧化物陶瓷,例如,单一金属或混合金属氧化物和/或氢氧化物陶瓷。在一些实施方案中,陶瓷材料包括金属氧化物和金属氢氧化物陶瓷,其中金属氧化物和金属氢氧化物包含相同或不同的单一金属或混合金属。在一些实施方案中,陶瓷材料包括金属氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物陶瓷,其中基材被水或其他化合物水合,导致表面能发生变化且可能导致陶瓷的金属氧化物与金属氢氧化物组合物的比率发生变化。在一些实施方案中,陶瓷材料包括金属氢氧化物,其中金属氢氧化物的至少一部分是层状双氢氧化物的形式,例如至少约5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%的金属氢氧化物是层状双氢氧化物。在一些实施方案中,层状双氢氧化物的插层离子可能已被交换以赋予额外的益处。在本文所述的组合物的一些实施方案中,“金属氧化物”或“金属氢氧化物”可以分别为金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物的水合物的形式,或者金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物的一部分可以分别为金属氧化物或金属氢氧化物的水合物的形式。
混合金属氧化物或混合金属氢氧化物可分别包括例如多于一种金属的氧化物或氢氧化物,金属诸如但不限于铁、钴、镍、铜、锰、铬、钛、钒、锆、钼、钽、锌、铅、锡、钨、铈、镨、钐、钆、镧、镁、铝或钙。
本文中的表面改性材料(例如,无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料)在没有粘合剂的情况下沉积到基材上(例如,通过与基材表面上的金属反应所产生)。在一些实施方案中,如本文所述的表面改性材料被固定在基材上。
在一些实施方案中,结构化陶瓷材料是纳米结构化陶瓷材料。
在一些实施方案中,结构化陶瓷材料经历额外的化学转化过程,产生改性的结构化(例如,纳米结构化)陶瓷材料。
PCT申请号PCT/US19/65978中提供了无粘合剂陶瓷表面改性材料的非限制性实例,其以引用的方式整体并入本文。
定义
本文提供的数值范围包括限定范围的数值。
除非上下文另外明确指出,否则“一个”、“一种”和“所述”包括复数指称。
如在说明书和权利要求书中使用的短语“和/或”应当理解为意指所结合的元素中的“两者之一或两者”,即,在一些情况下结合存在并且在其他情况下分开存在的元素。除非有明确相反的说明,否则无论与具体识别的那些元素相关还是无关,由“和/或”分句具体定义的元素之外的其他元素可任选地存在。因此,作为非限制性实例,当与诸如“包含”的开放式语言结合使用时,对“A和/或B”的提及在一个实施方案中可以指代在没有B的情况下的A(任选地包含除了B之外的元素);在另一个实施方案中可以指代在没有A的情况下的B(任选地包含除了A之外的元素);在又一实施方案中可以指代A和B两者(任选地包含其他元素);等。
“粘合剂(binder)”或粘合剂(binding agent)是以机械方式、以化学方式、通过粘附力或通过内聚力将其他材料保持或拉在一起以形成内聚的整体的任何材料或物质。
“无粘合剂”是指不存在粘合剂,特别是指有机粘合剂或树脂(例如,聚合物、胶水、粘附剂、沥青)或无机粘合剂(例如,石灰、水泥、玻璃、石膏等)。
“封端剂”是指减缓晶体生长并允许纳米表面形貌的调节的化合物或剂。
“陶瓷”是指包含有金属、非金属或离子键和共价键的无机化合物的固体材料。
“转化涂层”是指以下表面层,在其中反应物与待处理的表面发生化学反应,从而将基材转化为不同的化合物。这个过程通常不是添加的或沉积。
“织物”是指可以由纤维构成并通过化学、机械、热和/或溶剂处理来粘合在一起的非织造材料。织物可以包括例如毡以及既不是织造也不是针织的其他材料。
“纤维”是指形成纺织品的线或丝。
“亲水”是指对水具有高亲和力的表面。接触角可能非常低和/或不可测量。
“层”是指一片材料、一定量或一定厚度的材料,通常是若干层中的一层,覆盖表面或主体,或者是独立式的,例如,由一个或多个支撑结构支撑。
“层状双氢氧化物”是指一类离子固体,其特征在于具有通用序列[AcB Z AcB]n的层状结构,其中c代表金属阳离子层,A和B是氢氧根阴离子层,并且Z是其他阴离子和/或中性分子(诸如水)层。层状双氢氧化物还描述于PCT申请号PCT/US2017/052120中,其以引用的方式并入本文。
“纳米结构化”组合物在本文中是指具有在至少一个维度上小于100纳米的特征部的组合物。
流体力学中的“渗透率”是多孔材料允许流体通过它的能力的量度。介质的渗透率与孔隙率有关,还与介质中孔的形状及其连通性水平有关。
“孔径分布”是指通过压汞法(mercury intrusion porosimetry,MIP)和Washburn方程测定的每个孔径或孔径范围的相对丰度。
“孔隙率”是材料中空隙(即“空”)空间的量度,并且是空隙体积占总体积的分数,介于0和1之间,或为介于0%和100%之间的百分比。孔隙率可以通过压汞法测量。
“多孔”是指固体材料内的空间、孔洞或空隙。
“超亲水”是指具有过度亲水性或对水具有吸引力的表面。水在超亲水材料上的接触角等于0度。
“超疏水”是指极难润湿的表面。水滴在超疏水材料(此处是超疏水表面)上的接触角是指接触角>150°。高度疏水的接触角>120°。
“每平方米投影基材面积的表面积”是指实际测量的表面积(通常以平方米测量)除以基材的表面积(如果它是原子级光滑的(无表面粗糙度),也通常以平方米测量)。
“协同”或“协同的”是指两种或更多种物质、材料或剂之间的与它们分开的、单独的效应的总和相比产生更大(正协同)或更小(负协同)的联合效应的相互作用或协作。
“纺织品”是指由天然或人造纤维网络组成的柔性材料。例如,纺织品材料可以通过针织、编织、毡制、簇绒或粘合以连接纤维或纤维组来产生,其中纤维包括所有长度的天然和合成形式,包括金属纤维。纺织品还包括粗绳(rope)和细绳(cord)。
“厚度”是指基材表面与表面改性(例如陶瓷)材料顶部之间的长度。
“顶涂层”是指一种材料或化学处理,其中表面和化学物质相互作用、粘合或分散,通过表面能、微生物抗性、颜色、热特性、电特性或反应性的变化形成改性表面。可以在原子、分子、特征或总体部件长度尺度上实现特性变化。
“可调”是指材料的功能、特征或品质被改变或修改的能力。
“蒸气透过率”是指每单位面积每单位时间在与层的平面正交的方向上穿过层的蒸气质量。
“水柱突破压力(water column breakthrough pressure)”是指水柱底部的层承受的静水压力克服层支持水柱的能力,使得水流过层时的垂直水柱的具体高度。
材料集合体
本文公开了材料层的集合体。所述层通常被配置成堆叠形式,顶部表面在堆叠的顶部且底部表面在堆叠的底部。顶部表面通常与集合体所在或使用的周围环境(例如,空气)接触。底部表面可以接触或接近与集合体一起使用的装置、表面或个体,例如,要保护的装置或表面,或为了在特定使用环境中的个体舒适度。
层的堆叠包括在基材(本文命名为“A”层)上包括陶瓷(例如,无粘合剂陶瓷,诸如无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料)的材料。A层赋予集合体所需的功能特性。例如,陶瓷材料可以赋予选自以下的一种或多种特性:疏水性、微生物生长抑制、阻燃性、亲水性、抗腐蚀性、冰或冷凝物管理、防冰、防霜、超疏水性、超亲水性、微生物生长抑制、耐腐蚀性、电磁调制、热调制、透气性、动态抗风和/或颜色或其组合。本文中集合体的一些实施方案包括:包括集合体的顶部表面(面向周围环境)的顶部A层;和包括集合体的底部表面(面向与集合体一起使用的设备、表面或个体)的底部A层。如本文所述的无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料位于顶部表面和底部表面中的每一个上。每个A层上的无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料可以与集合体中的每个其他A层相同或不同。
层的一些堆叠包括一个或多个包括结构材料和/或绝热材料的“B”层,所述层在堆叠顶部的一个或多个A层(“At”层)和堆叠底部的一个或多个A层(“Ab”层)之间。在一些实施方案中,集合体包括一个具有结构材料和/或绝热材料的B层。在其他实施方案中,集合体包括两个或更多个具有结构材料和/或绝热材料的B层,并且每个B层可以由与集合体中的每个其他B层相同或不同的材料或组合物构成。
在一些实施方案中,集合体包括一个At层和一个Ab层,并且At层可以由与Ab层相同或不同的材料或组合物(例如,相同或不同的基材和/或陶瓷组合物)构成。在一些实施方案中,集合体包括两个或更多个At层(即,多个At层)和/或两个或更多个Ab层(即,多个Ab层),并且每个At层和/或每个Ab层可以由与每个其他A层(即每个其他At和/或Ab层)相同或不同的材料或组合物(例如,相同或不同的基材和/或陶瓷组合物)构成。
在一些实施方案中,集合体的至少一个A层(例如,至少一个At和/或Ab层)赋予集合体一种或多种例如选自以下的功能特性:冰或冷凝物管理(抗冰的形成,或适当地引导或放置引导冰或冷凝物以所需方式形成、集中和移动的材料)、抗冰性能或霜冻延迟特性、超疏水性(例如,防止因进水而结垢)、超亲水性(例如,将水从表面吸走以最小化时间或湿度和/或防止与水分相关的损害)、抗微生物调节(抑制、消除或防止微生物生长)、耐腐蚀或防腐蚀、电磁调制(电磁特性的变化,例如漫发射或镜面发射、漫反射或镜面反射、吸附、透射)、热调制、阻燃性、透气性(允许湿气通过材料)、动态抗风性(蒸气透过对施加的风速的非线性响应)、机械保护(耐磨性或抗冲击性)以及颜色和/或其他美观特性或其组合。
在一些实施方案中,包括集合体顶部表面的At层和包括集合体底部表面的Ab层赋予不同的功能特性。在一个实施方案中,包括集合体顶部表面的At层是疏水的或超疏水的,并且包括集合体底部表面的Ab层是亲水的或超亲水的。在另一个实施方案中,包括集合体顶部表面的At层是疏水的或超疏水的,并且包括集合体底部表面的Ab层是抗微生物的。在另一个实施方案中,包括集合体顶部表面的At层是疏水的或超疏水的,包括集合体底部表面的Ab层是抗微生物的,并且在包括集合体底部表面的Ab层上方的Ab层是疏水的或超疏水的。
在某些实施方案中,将顶涂层材料沉积或施加到陶瓷材料上,从而向集合体的A层赋予和/或增强本文所述的一种或多种功能特性。在一些实施方案中,由如本文所述施加或沉积在陶瓷上的顶涂层材料赋予的功能相对于施加或沉积在包括陶瓷的相同基材上的相同材料的功能增强。在一些实施方案中,陶瓷材料和顶涂层材料协同地赋予一种或多种功能特性,其量值比由独立地沉积在相同基材表面上的陶瓷材料或顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。
在一些实施方案中,疏水功能由脂肪酸诸如硬脂酸或ScotchgardTM(3M)提供。在一些实施方案中,抗微生物功能由SmartShield Antimicrobial Protective Spray(Sylvane)提供。在一些实施方案中,阻燃功能由No Burn 1005 Fabric Fire Protection(No-Burn,Inc.)或含哈龙(halon)化合物提供。在一些实施方案中,亲水功能由聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚氨酯、聚丙烯酸(PAA)、聚环氧乙烷(PEO)或多糖材料提供。
在某些非限制性实施方案中,顶涂层可包括油漆、油漆粘合剂、疏水性材料、亲水性材料、金属或含金属化合物、颜料和/或着色剂或抗微生物剂。
在一些实施方案中,顶涂层是表面改性顶涂层,其降低表面上的外部或内部流体的粘滞阻力。在一些实施方案中,涂层沉积到表面上,所述涂层包括纳米结构化涂层组合物和表面改性顶涂层,其减少外部或内部流体在表面上的粘滞阻力,并且还包括额外的益处,诸如耐腐蚀性、耐结垢性、自清洁、传热特征、光学特征、化学惰性、其他有用特性或特性的组合。
在一些实施方案中,顶涂层是或含有抗微生物剂。例如,抗微生物剂可以是电荷转移化合物或破坏离子穿过细胞膜的运动的剂,例如季胺。在一些实施方案中,抗微生物剂是β-内酰胺、氨基糖苷、四环素、氯霉素、大环内酯、林可酰胺、磺酰胺、喹诺酮、聚烯、唑或灰黄霉素。
在一些实施方案中,顶涂层是或含有油漆粘合剂。例如,油漆粘合剂可以是醇酸树脂、丙烯酸树脂、乙烯基丙烯酸树脂、乙酸乙烯酯/乙烯(VAE)、聚氨酯、聚酯、三聚氰胺树脂、环氧树脂、硅烷或油。
在一些实施方案中,陶瓷表面改性材料是部分填充的多孔结构。例如,孔可以部分地填充有第二陶瓷材料(例如,不同于基材表面上的陶瓷材料的陶瓷材料)或具有头基和尾基的分子,例如,其中头基包括硅烷基、膦酸酯基、膦酸基、羧酸基、乙烯基、醇基、氢氧根、巯基、硫醇基和/或铵基(例如,季铵基),并且其中尾基包括烃基、碳氟基、乙烯基、苯基、环氧基、丙烯酸基、丙烯酸酯基、羟基、羧酸基、硫醇基和/或季铵基。
在一些实施方案中,集合体的至少一个B层赋予一种或多种结构特性和/或绝热特性,所述特性选自热阻、电阻、结构支撑、机械填充和流体输送或其组合。在一些实施方案中,集合体的至少一个B层包括陶瓷材料,例如玻璃纤维、疏松陶瓷或其他无机材料。
无粘合剂陶瓷
如本文所述的层状集合体中的“A”层包括基材上的无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料。这类陶瓷材料的非限制性实例描述于PCT/US19/65978中,其以引用的方式整体并入本文。
用于本文所述的材料层集合体(堆叠)的A层的基材通常是适于集合体的使用应用的柔性材料。在一些实施方案中,基材是织造材料,诸如但不限于不锈钢合金、碳钢合金或铝合金织造材料。在一些实施方案中,基材是纺织品、聚合物(例如,聚酰胺、聚酯)、纤维素材料、天然材料(例如,棉、羊毛)或合成材料(例如,尼龙、PET)。在一些实施方案中,基材包括织造、非织造或针织的合成或天然纤维纺织品。在一些实施方案中,基材包括金属网、金属筛或金属布。在一些实施方案中,基材包括天然或合成聚合物膜或基材(例如,不一定被织成纺织品的薄(膜)或更厚的(基材)聚合物(例如,塑料)材料的涂层)。
在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂陶瓷材料包括:每平方米投影基材面积约1.5m2至100m2、约10m2至约1500m2或约70m2至约1000m2的表面积;每克陶瓷材料约15m2至约1500m2或约50m2至约700m2的表面积;约5nm至约200nm、约2nm至约20nm或约4nm至约11nm的平均孔径;至多约100微米、至多约50微米、至多约25微米、至多约20微米或约0.2微米至约25微米的厚度;约5%至约95%、约10%至约90%、约30%至约70%、约30%至约95%或大于约10%的孔隙率;如通过压汞法测定的约100mm3/g至约7500mm3/g的空隙体积;或其任何组合。
在一些实施方案中,陶瓷材料(例如,金属氧化物、金属氢氧化物和/或其水合物)包含锌、铝、锰、镁、铈、铜、钆、钨、锡、铅、和钴中的一种或多种。在一些实施方案中,陶瓷材料包含过渡金属、II族元素、稀土元素(例如,镧、铈、钆、镨、钪、钇、钐或钕)、铝、锡、锌或铅。
在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂陶瓷表面改性材料包括约0.5或1至约100微米或约0.5至约20微米的厚度或至多约50微米或至多约25微米的厚度。在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料包括约0.2微米至约25微米的厚度。在一些实施方案中,厚度为至少约0.2、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24或25微米中的任何一个。在一些实施方案中,厚度为约0.2至约0.5、约0.5至约1、约1至约5、约3至约7、约5至约10、约7至约15、约10至约15、约12至约18、约15至约20、约18至约25、约0.5至约15、约2至约10、约1至约10、约3至约13、约0.5至约15、约0.5至约5、约0.5至约10、或约5至约15微米中的任何一个。
在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂陶瓷表面改性材料包括每平方米投影基材面积约1.1m2至约100m2的表面积。在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料包括每平方米投影基材面积约10m2至约1500m2的表面积。在一些实施方案中,每平方米投影基材面积的表面积是至少约10、50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900、950、1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250、1300、1350、1400、1450或1500m2中的任何一个。在一些实施方案中,每平方米投影基材面积的表面积是约10至约100、约50至约250、约150至约500、约250至约750、约500至约1000、约750至约1200、约1000至约1500、约70至约1000、约150至约800、约500至约900、或约500至约1000m2中的任何一个。
在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂陶瓷材料包括每克陶瓷材料约15m2至约1500m2的表面积。在一些实施方案中,每克陶瓷材料的表面积是至少约15、50、100、150、200、250、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900、950、1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250、1300、1350、1400、1450或1500m2中的任何一个。在一些实施方案中,每克陶瓷材料的表面积是约15至约100、约50至约250、约150至约500、约250至约750、约500至约1000、约750至约1200、约1000至约1500、约50至约700、约75至约600、约150至约650或约250至约700m2中的任何一个。
在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂陶瓷表面改性材料是多孔的并且包括在约2nm至约50nm的范围内的中孔平均孔径。在一些实施方案中,平均孔径在约50nm至约1000nm的范围内。在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂多孔陶瓷材料包括约2nm至约20nm的平均孔径。在一些实施方案中,平均孔径是至少约2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20nm中的任何一个。在一些实施方案中,平均孔径是约2至约5、约4至约9、约5至约10、约7至约12、约9至约15、约12至约18、约15至约20、约4至约11、约5至约9、约4至约8或约7至约11nm中的任何一个。
在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂陶瓷表面改性材料是多孔的,孔隙率为约5%至约95%。在一些实施方案中,孔隙率可以是至少约或大于约5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、35%、40%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%中的任何一个。在一些实施方案中,孔隙率为约10%至约90%、约30%至约90%、约40%至约80%或约50%至约70%。
在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂多孔表面改性材料是多孔的,渗透率为约1至10,000毫达西。在一些实施方案中,渗透率可以是至少约1、10、100、500、1000、5000或10,000毫达西中的任一个。在一些实施方案中,渗透率为约1至约100、约50至约250、约100至约500、约250至约750、约500至约1000、约750至约2000、约1000至约2500、约2000至约5000、约3000至约7500、约5000至约10,000、约1至约1000、约1000至约5000或约5000至约10,000毫达西。
在一些实施方案中,无粘合剂陶瓷材料是多孔的并且包括如通过压汞法测定的约100mm3/g至约7500mm3/g的空隙体积。在一些实施方案中,空隙体积是至少约100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900、1000、1500、2000、2500、3000、3500、4000、4500、5000、5500、6000、6500、7000或7500mm3/g中的任何一个。在一些实施方案中,空隙体积是约100至约500、约200至约1000、约400至约800、约500至约1000、约800至约1500、约1000至约2000、约1500至约3000、约2000至约5000、约3000至约7500、约250至约5000、约350至约4000、约400至约3000、约250至约1000、约250至约2500、约2500至约5000或约500至约4000mm3/g中的任何一个。
陶瓷沉积层被设计成赋予如本文所述的材料集合体层一种或多种功能特征和/或可被设计成为功能化顶涂层提供结合表面。
陶瓷材料的制备方法
如本文所述的陶瓷表面改性材料,诸如无粘合剂陶瓷多孔表面改性材料,可以通过以下方法制备,所述方法包括将清洁的基材(例如,纺织品基材)用含有一种或多种金属盐的水溶液浸泡或使它们接触一段时间,以在基材上获得所需厚度的多孔涂层组合物。所述溶液还可以含有螯合剂或络合物形成剂。pH、温度和沉积时间(例如,约5分钟至约300分钟)适合于要制备的表面改性材料所需的厚度、形貌和表面孔隙率。可以通过添加酸性或碱性材料来将溶液的pH调节在1至12的范围内,以调节表面改性的特征(例如,所需的晶体结构和/或表面孔隙率)。金属盐可以包括例如镁、铝、铈、铁、钴、钆、锰、钨、锌、钒、钛和/或锡的盐。盐可以是金属阳离子与例如硫酸根、硝酸根、氯离子或乙酸根的阴离子的盐。在其他实施方案中,钠阳离子盐与金属阴离子一起使用,诸如像锡酸钠。在一些实施方案中,金属盐在水溶液中的浓度为约1mM至约5M。在一些实施方案中,螯合剂或络合物形成剂,诸如像柠檬酸、尿素、二胺、三胺或四胺、硫代甘油、油酸或其他脂肪酸、多元醇、吐温80或其他表面活性剂,以约1mM至约5M的浓度被包括在内。pH控制化学品和缓冲剂可任选地被包括在内。
在一些实施方案中,通过洗涤和冲洗以及各种金属清洁溶液或针对特定基材描述的清洁溶液来清洁基材以去除松散和轻微粘附的碎屑。对于成功去除松散和轻微粘附的碎屑来说,各种工艺条件都是可接受的。
在一些实施方案中,使用基于碱性的清洁溶液处理基材以皂化和去除基材上的脂肪和油。一个实例是使用在水溶液中的苛性钠,pH为大约11或更高。其他实施方案可以使用替代的脱脂手段,诸如基于蒸气或溶剂的方法或专有清洁剂。对于成功去除表面脂肪和油来说,各种工艺条件都是可接受的。
在一些实施方案中,使用通过对基材材料的碱性蚀刻来处理表面的已知方法进一步制备基材以匀化表面。此工艺生成表面氧化物和表面氢氧化物、反应产物和金属间化合物材料,其中一些不溶于蚀刻溶液并且必须通过冲洗、机械手段或通过工业中称为除挂灰(desmutting)的工艺从基材上去除。除挂灰或脱氧溶液通常包括酸溶液,诸如铬酸、硫酸、硝酸或磷酸或其中的组合。可以使用硫酸铁溶液。除挂灰溶液通过溶解或机械去除物(例如,含硅颗粒)去除反应产物、氧化物、氢氧化物和金属间化合物材料。许多专有的表面预加工材料可供使用。其他表面预加工选择,诸如酸蚀刻、电抛光、超声处理或去除基材氧化物、氢氧化物、反应产物和金属间化合物的其他表面精加工处理制备方法也可以成功使用。对于基材的成功表面预加工和脏污的去除来说,各种工艺条件都是可接受的。
在其他实施方案中,用于后续处理的替代表面预加工包括暴露于强氧化剂(诸如过硫酸盐、次氯酸盐、高锰酸盐、氧化性酸、UV/臭氧或氧等离子体)以活化基材。
在一些实施方案中,使用一个或多个处理步骤来处理基材,其中基材与处理浴反应以形成纳米结构化材料。本文所述的溶液是水基的并且包括水溶液中的约1mM至约5M的金属盐和/或浓度为约1mM至约5M的螯合剂或络合物形成剂,诸如多元醇、聚醚、尿素、仲胺和高级胺、二胺、三胺或四胺。工艺条件(不包括不同储罐深度的静水压力)范围为65至200kPa,并且跨越这些溶液的液相平衡的温度的范围为-20℃至190℃,这取决于浓度和组成。
在一些实施方案中,将基材从溶液中取出并在约100℃至约1000℃的温度下加热约0小时至约5小时的时间。在一些实施方案中,将基材从溶液中取出并在约100℃至约1000℃的温度下加热约0小时至约24小时的时间以从基材和金属氧化物表面改性材料中去除基本上所有的水。可使用受控气氛炉(atmospheric furnace)处理进一步改变表面条件。
任选地,将基材浸泡到能够与陶瓷表面化学结合的具有适当溶剂的功能分子的稀溶液(例如,小于约2%,或约0.001%至约2%)中,使得孔被功能化但保持打开。
在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括用一种、两种或更多种材料部分填充孔。例如,所述方法包括(a)取具有表面固定多孔陶瓷表面的基材,将其浸泡到能够与陶瓷表面化学结合的功能分子的稀溶液中,使得孔被功能化但保持打开,和/或(b)将基材浸泡到另一溶液中,以如上所述在孔内和表面上沉积更多陶瓷,并如前所述加热以驱除水;以及任选地重复(a)或(b)或(a)和(b)以在各种功能分子和/或金属氧化物的孔内堆叠多个层。可以采用引入第一或第二材料的其他非限制性方法,诸如喷涂、倾倒、滴落或气相沉积。
在一些实施方案中,所述方法包括用一种或多种材料完全填充孔。例如,所述方法包括取具有表面固定多孔陶瓷表面的基材,以及将其浸泡到能够与陶瓷表面化学结合的功能分子的更浓的溶液中(例如,约1%至约20%),使得孔中填充了物质;和/或将基材浸泡到如上所述的另一种金属盐溶液中并如上所述驱除水以完全填充孔。可以采用引入孔填充材料的其他非限制性方法,诸如喷涂、倾倒、滴落、雾化或气相沉积。
示例性实施方案
下文提供如本文所述的材料集合体的示例性实施方案。材料的组合和使用应用是作为示例提供的,且不是限制性的。
医用绷带
如本文所述的集合体可被配置用于医用绷带。绷带被设计成通过具有超疏水特性的外层、从伤口去除水分的吸附层、为伤口提供保护的填充层以及帮助保持伤口干燥的亲水内层来保持清洁并避免外部水分。每一层还可以用抗微生物特性或愈合剂、软膏或其他材料进行功能化。
如图1所示,这类集合体的实例包括:包括在合成基材材料(例如尼龙或PET)上的超疏水陶瓷的At层;和包括在天然基材材料(棉)上的超亲水陶瓷的Ab层。At和Ab层之间的B层提供吸收、结构和填充特性。
机能性外套服装
如本文所述的集合体可被配置用于服装,诸如机能性外套服装。可以提供内层,其横向地芯吸水分并通过此层到达周围顶层、绝热层和具有高湿气透过率且还排斥水和油例如以促进清洁度的外层。
如图2所示,这类集合体的实例包括:包括在合成基材(例如尼龙或PET)上的超疏水陶瓷的At层;和包括在合成基材(例如,尼龙或PET)上的超疏水陶瓷的Ab层。At层和Ab层之间的B层提供绝热特性。
管道绝热
如本文所述的集合体可被配置用于管道绝热或管道保护。所述集合体被设计为高温绝热夹套,具有围绕管道并与管道接触的疏水“环境侧”衬里和亲水“热侧”衬里。例如,环境侧衬里可以由具有陶瓷(例如,纳米结构化)表面和疏水功能的金属网(例如,不锈钢网)构成,所述疏水功能通过防止水分进入绝热材料来保持绝热性能。热侧衬里可以由具有陶瓷(例如,纳米结构化)表面的金属网构成,所述表面表现出毛细作用以芯吸水分并促进蒸发。通过将金属网层与阻隔层结合,此系统的技术和商业优势以原价的一小部分提供了与现有绝热夹套材料相同的优势。所述系统还可以能够在比现有的基于聚四氟乙烯的解决方案更高的温度下运行,并且所述系统与金属箔相比,外部防水但透气。
如图3所示,这类集合体的实例包括:包括在金属网基材上的超疏水陶瓷的At层;和包括在金属网基材上的超亲水陶瓷的Ab层。At层和Ab层之间的B层提供绝热特性。
医用石膏
作为对上述医用绷带应用的扩展,如本文所述的集合体可被配置用作医用石膏。可以将额外的抗微生物层提供在层堆叠的底部,以防止感染和/或防止导致微生物侵入的清洁困难相关的气味。还可以加上额外的层。
如图4所示,这类集合体的实例包括:包括在合成基材材料(例如尼龙或PET)上的超疏水陶瓷的At层;和包括集合体底部表面并且包括在合成基材材料(例如尼龙或PET)上的抗微生物陶瓷的Ab层。包括集合体底部表面的Ab层上方Ab层包括在合成基材材料(例如,尼龙或PET)上的超亲水陶瓷。At和Ab层之间的B层提供结构和填充特性。
医疗/外科服装
如本文所述的集合体可被配置用于医疗/外科用具或服装。所述集合体被设计为透气(高水分透过率)和抗微生物并且防溅(防水)的,在不牺牲舒适性的情况下提供阻隔特性。
如图5所示,这类集合体的实例包括:包括在合成基材材料(例如尼龙或PET)上的超疏水陶瓷的At层;和包括在合成(例如尼龙或PET)或天然(例如棉)基材材料上的抗微生物陶瓷的Ab层。
其他使用应用
可以采用如本文所述的材料集合体的应用的其他非限制性实例包括以下,各层从集合体的底部表面层到顶部表面层(环境暴露)列出:
·过滤/分离:尺寸排阻(保留)(A)-结构完整性(B)-抗微生物(A)
·包装材料:水分透过(A)-结构完整性(B)-填充(B)-防水(A)
·医院床上用品:填充(B)-水分透过(A)-透气性(A)-吸湿性(A)-抗微生物(A)-
·防护罩:水分透过(A)-透气性(A)-抗微生物(A)-耐化学性(A)-防水(A)
·防护服装:水分透过(A)-透气性(A)-耐化学性(A)-防水(A)-绝热(B)-结构(B)-阻燃
·建筑纺织品:水分透过(A)-透气性(A)-耐化学性(A)-防水(A)-绝热(B)-阻燃(A)-颜色(A)-UV稳定性(A)
·土工纺织品:水分透过(A)-透气性(A)-耐化学性(A)-防水(A)-绝热(B)-结构(B)-环境稳定性(A)
上述制品和使用应用中的层的顺序可以不同于示例的那些,并且在一些实施方案中,所述的多种功能可以组合成单个层。
以下实施例旨在说明而不是限制本发明。
实施例
实施例1.测试层状堆叠性能的方法
采用以下方法来表征如本文所述的材料集合体。
层的接触角使用卧滴法通过在表面上分配10微升液滴来测定。使用位于与表面相同高度的相机从正面捕获液滴的图像。接触角通过测量表面与接触表面处的液-气界面之间的角度来测定。此过程重复三次,并且报告的接触角是三个单独测量值的平均值。
如下测定层堆叠的蒸气透过率。每一层都被切割成相同尺寸并聚集。将填充有已知质量的干燥的干燥剂的容器密封到堆叠底层的底侧。对于由多个层组成的堆叠,将这些层沿其边缘密封在一起,使得蒸气进入堆叠的唯一路径是穿过堆叠的顶层。将堆叠和干燥剂放置在温度和湿度受控的腔室内。每30分钟将样品聚集一次,以确定从腔室穿过层并吸附到干燥剂上的水蒸气的量。一旦干燥剂的质量增加10%,就停止测试,并测定每单位时间每单位面积通过每个堆叠的蒸气透过率。
如下测定水柱突破压力。将内径为12.7mm的竖直管密封到堆叠的顶层。对于由多个层组成的堆叠,将这些层沿其边缘密封在一起,使得水只能分别通过流过顶层和底层进入或离开堆叠。通过沿管的侧边向下分配水来填充管,以免水直接冲击在堆叠的顶层上。递增地分配水,使得水柱的高度每次增加1cm,然后在接下来5秒时间段内不分配水。以这种方式填充柱直到水柱的高度开始降低,表明柱中的水突破穿过材料堆叠。记录每个样品的最大填充高度。
实施例2
如下制备如以下实施例中所述的功能化网状材料。首先将网状基材浸没在丙酮浴中,然后将其浸没在IPA浴中以去除任何残留的油。然后使这些部件风干15分钟。接下来,将网状基材放入含有20-250mM金属硝酸盐或硫酸盐或混合金属硝酸盐或硫酸盐和类似摩尔量的二胺、三胺或四胺的制备浴中,使其在50-85℃的反应温度下反应和沉降。将集合体在浴中保持约5分钟至约3小时的时间。将集合体取出并排干液体并放入烘箱中干燥和/或在50-600℃热处理下煅烧几分钟至几小时。如果需要,可以任选地重复此沉积和煅烧步骤。冷却后,此部分如以下实施例中所述进一步处理和/或测试。
实施例3
不锈钢网层涂覆有由氧化锰构成的陶瓷材料,从而得到表面亲水特性。通过卧滴法测得水接触角小于5度。将所述层放入装有约1cm去离子水的杯子中,并且层状样品的一部分与去离子水接触。2分钟后,测定如通过可见的湿线所观察到的毛细升高为在样品上高于液位约3cm。如PCT申请号PCT/US19/65978(参见例如图1A至1C)中所述测定毛细升高。测定蒸气透过率为130g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例4
不锈钢网层涂覆有由氧化锰构成的陶瓷材料。然后使用十六烷基膦酸在异丙醇中的稀溶液对表面进行功能化,从而得到表面疏水特性。通过卧滴法测得水接触角为151度。将所述层放入装有约1cm去离子水的杯子中。2分钟后,在高于液位的表面上,水没有明显的上升。测定蒸气透过率为145g/h/m2。测定水柱突破压力为25cm水位差。
实施例5
测试没有任何表面预加工的不锈钢网层。通过卧滴法测得水接触角为20度。将所述层放入装有约1cm去离子水的杯子中。2分钟后,在高于液位的表面上,水没有明显的上升。测定蒸气透过率为152g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例6
测试厚度为5.08cm且绝热值为R-6.7的玻璃纤维绝热层。测定蒸气透过率为48g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例7
测试两个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例3中所述的疏水不锈钢网。底层是如实施例5中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。将这两个层通过使用Kapton胶带以使得绝热层不被压缩的方式密封边缘来连接在一起。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为43g/h/m2。测定整个堆叠的水柱突破压力为23cm水位差。
实施例8
测试两个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例4中所述的没有任何表面预加工的不锈钢网。底层是如实施例5中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。将这两个层通过使用Kapton胶带以使得绝热层不被压缩的方式密封边缘来连接在一起。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为49g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例9
测试三个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例3中所述的疏水不锈钢网。中间层是如实施例5中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。底层是如实施例2中所述的亲水不锈钢网。将这三个层通过使用Kapton胶带以使得绝热层不被压缩的方式密封边缘来连接在一起。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为53g/h/m2。测定整个堆叠的水柱突破压力为22cm水位差。
实施例10
测试三个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例4中所述的没有任何表面改变的不锈钢网。中间层是如实施例5中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。底层是如实施例4中所述的没有任何表面改变的不锈钢网。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为55g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例11
铝网层涂覆有由氧化镁构成的陶瓷材料,从而得到表面亲水特性。通过卧滴法测得水接触角小于5度。将所述层放入装有约1cm去离子水的杯子中。2分钟后,测定毛细升高为高于液位约5cm。测定蒸气透过率为150g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例12
铝网层涂覆有由氧化镁构成的陶瓷材料。然后使用十六烷基膦酸在异丙醇中的稀溶液对表面进行功能化,从而得到表面疏水特性。通过卧滴法测得水接触角为160度。将所述层放入装有约1cm去离子水的杯子中。2分钟后,在高于液位的表面上,水没有明显的上升。测定蒸气透过率为150g/h/m2。测定水柱突破压力为100cm水位差。
实施例13
测试没有任何表面预加工的铝网层。通过卧滴法测得水接触角为20度。将所述层放入装有约1cm去离子水的杯子中。2分钟后,在高于液位的表面上,水没有明显的上升。测定蒸气透过率为153g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例14
测试两个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例11中所述的疏水铝网。中间层是如实施例5中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。将这两个层通过使用Kapton胶带以使得绝热层不被压缩的方式密封边缘来连接在一起。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为48g/h/m2。测定整个堆叠的水柱突破压力为62cm水位差。
实施例15
测试两个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例12中所述的没有任何表面预加工的铝网。中间层是如实施例5中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。将这两个层通过使用Kapton胶带以使得绝热层不被压缩的方式密封边缘来连接在一起。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为48g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例16
测试三个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例11中所述的疏水铝网。中间层是如实施例5中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。底层是如实施例10中所述的亲水性铝网。将这三个层通过使用Kapton胶带以使得绝热层不被压缩的方式密封边缘来连接在一起。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为48g/h/m2。测定整个堆叠的水柱突破压力为62cm水位差。
实施例17
测试三个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例12中所述的没有任何表面改变的铝网。中间层是如实施例5中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。底层是如实施例12中所述的没有任何表面改变的铝网。将这三个层通过使用Kapton胶带以使得绝热层不被压缩的方式密封边缘来连接在一起。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为47g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例18
测试厚度为0.005cm的聚酯膜防潮层。测定蒸气透过率为1g/h/m2。测定水柱突破压力为大于200cm水位差。
实施例19
测试两个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例16中所述的聚酯膜。底层是如实施例4中所述的玻璃纤维绝热材料。测定蒸气透过率为1g/h/m2。测定水柱突破压力为大于200cm水位差。
实施例20
40d(40旦尼尔)织造聚酰胺纺织品层涂覆有由氧化镁构成的陶瓷材料,从而得到表面亲水特性。通过卧滴法测得水接触角小于5度。测定蒸气透过率为175g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例21
40d织造聚酰胺纺织品层涂覆有由氧化镁构成的陶瓷材料。然后使用十六烷基膦酸在异丙醇中的稀溶液对表面进行功能化,从而得到表面疏水特性。测定蒸气透过率为170g/h/m2。测定水柱突破压力为55cm水位差。
实施例22
测试没有任何表面预加工的40d织造聚酰胺纺织品层。测定蒸气透过率为170g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例23
测试厚度为1.1cm且绝热值为R-1.6的Thinsulate G80层。测定蒸气透过率为100g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例24
测试两个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例19中所述的疏水40d织造聚酰胺纺织品。底层是如实施例21中所述的Thinsulate G80。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为100g/h/m2。测定整个堆叠的水柱突破压力为55cm水位差。
实施例25
测试两个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例20中所述的没有任何表面预加工的40d织造聚酰胺纺织品。底层是如实施例21中所述的Thinsulate G80。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为100g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例26
测试三个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例19中所述的疏水40d织造聚酰胺纺织品。中间层是如实施例21中所述的Thinsulate G80。底层是如实施例18中所述的亲水40d织造聚酰胺纺织品。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为90g/h/m2。测定整个堆叠的水柱突破压力为50cm水位差。
实施例27
测试三个层的堆叠。顶层是如实施例20中所述的没有任何表面改变的40d织造聚酰胺纺织品。中间层是如实施例21中所述的Thinsulate G80。底层是如实施例20中所述的没有任何表面改变的40d织造聚酰胺纺织品。测定整个堆叠的蒸气透过率为90g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例28
不锈钢网层在酸蚀刻中产生凹坑,然后用无粘合剂结构化氧化锰陶瓷表面改性剂涂覆,将不锈钢网层在25至75mM硝酸锰水溶液和类似量的六亚甲基四胺或尿素中,在约60℃至80℃的温度下沉积约60至240分钟的时间。然后将网在约400℃至600℃的温度下煅烧约1小时,得到表面亲水特性。通过卧滴法测得水接触角小于5度。将所述网放入装有约1cm去离子水的杯子中。2分钟后,测定毛细升高为高于液位约3cm。如PCT申请号PCT/US19/65978(参见例如图1A至1C)中所述测定毛细升高。测定蒸气透过率为130g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,并且所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例29
铝网层涂覆有由氧化镁构成的陶瓷材料,将铝网层在25至75mM硝酸镁水溶液和类似量的六亚甲基四胺中,在约60℃至80℃温度下沉积约30至90分钟的时间。然后将网在约300℃至600℃的温度下煅烧约1小时,从而得到表面亲水特性。通过卧滴法测得水接触角小于5度。将所述层放入装有约1cm去离子水的杯子中。2分钟后,测定毛细升高为高于液位约5cm。测定蒸气透过率为约150g/h/m2。测试水柱突破压力,所述层不能支持任何可测量的水柱高度。
实施例30
将织造聚酯纺织品和织造尼龙纺织品溅射约250nm的铝。将纺织品切成小块并涂覆3种不同的陶瓷材料:a)基于氧化镁/氢氧化镁的陶瓷,b)和基于氧化锰/氢氧化锰的陶瓷,c)和基于氧化锌/氢氧化物的陶瓷。所有三种陶瓷都含有大量的氧化铝/氢氧化铝。以类似于实施例1中所述方法的方法沉积陶瓷(使用陶瓷中发现的每种相应的阳离子的2+金属硝酸盐或金属硫酸盐)。测试样品的接触角,并且样品显示出小于15度的接触角。然后将陶瓷改性纺织品浸涂到十六烷基膦酸在异丙醇中或十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷在乙醇中的稀释浴(0.1%至1%)中。在硅烷的情况下,有时会使用少量的乙酸催化剂。然后再次测量样品的接触角,并且样品显示出约150至160度的接触角。湿气透过率在未改性织物的测量误差内。
实施例31
通过在室温下,将纺织品在约200-500mM硫酸锌、约50-150mM过硫酸钾和约1.2至1.7摩尔氢氧化铵浸泡约5至60分钟,织造聚酯、聚酰胺和Tencel纺织品涂覆有基于氧化锌的陶瓷。通过用硫酸镍代替硫酸锌同样在聚酯上形成氧化镍沉积物。通过用硫酸锰代替硫酸锌并且用高锰酸盐代替过硫酸盐同样在聚酯上形成氧化锰沉积物。然后将这些样品在约105℃至约140℃的温度下干燥约1至2小时的时间。测试样品的接触角,并且样品显示出小于15度的接触角。然后将陶瓷改性纺织品浸涂到十六烷基膦酸在异丙醇中或十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷在乙醇中的稀释浴(0.1%至1%)中。在硅烷的情况下,有时会使用少量的乙酸催化剂。然后再次测量样品的接触角,并且样品显示出约150至160度的接触角。
实施例32
在约室温至约80℃的温度下,将织造聚酰胺和聚酯纺织品浸没在约5至200mM高锰酸钾和约10至400mM氢氧化铵的水浴中约5分钟至约1小时。高锰酸盐与氢氧化铵的典型比率为约1比2。然后使基材干燥,然后通过在约60℃至80℃的温度下,将基材浸泡在25至150mM金属(Mn、Zn或Mg)硝酸盐和类似量的六亚甲基四胺水性溶液中约5至90分钟的时间,使基材沉积有包含氧化锰/氢氧化锰、氧化锌/氢氧化锌或氧化镁/氢氧化镁的结构化陶瓷层。然后将网在约100℃至250℃的温度下干燥约1小时。测量样品的接触角,并测出其小于约15度。然后将陶瓷改性纺织品浸涂到十六烷基膦酸在异丙醇中或十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷在乙醇中的稀释浴(0.1%至1%)中。在硅烷的情况下,有时会使用少量的乙酸催化剂。然后再次测量样品的接触角,并且样品显示出约150至160度的接触角。
虽然为达到清楚理解的目的,上述发明已通过图解和实施例的方式作了一些详细描述,但是对本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不脱离所附权利要求书中划定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行某些改变和修改。因此,描述不应解释为限制本发明的范围。
本文中引用的所有公布、专利和专利申请出于所有目的均以引用的方式整体并入本文,并且其程度如同每个单独的公布、专利或专利申请明确地并单独地表明为以引用的方式并入本文一般。

Claims (43)

1.一种包括顶部表面和底部表面的材料集合体,其包括:
(a)x个At材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述At层包括有包括所述顶部表面的最顶层;
(b)y个Ab材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述Ab层包括有包括所述底部表面的最底层;和
(c)在x个A层与y个A层之间的z个B绝热或结构材料层,
其中x、y和z是相同或不同的层数,
其中所述At层和所述Ab层各自包括在基材上的无粘合剂陶瓷材料,
并且其中每个At层和/或每个Ab层上的所述陶瓷材料是相同或不同的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中所述无粘合剂陶瓷材料主要是结晶的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷材料包括金属氧化物、金属氧化物的水合物、金属氢氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物的水合物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷材料包括金属氢氧化物,并且其中所述金属氢氧化物的至少一部分包括层状双氢氧化物。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷是纳米结构化陶瓷。
6.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中用于至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层的所述基材包括选自以下的材料:织造、非织造或针织的合成或天然纺织品、金属网、金属筛、金属布、合成或天然聚合物材料或膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的集合体,其中用于至少一个At层的所述基材和用于至少一个Ab层的所述基材、或用于至少两个At层的所述基材、或用于至少两个Ab层的所述基材包括选自以下的不同材料:织造、非织造或针织的合成或天然纺织品、金属网、金属筛、金属布、合成或天然聚合物材料或膜。
8.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中每个At层和/或Ab层包括选自以下的一种或多种功能特性:冰或冷凝物管理、防冰、防霜、超疏水性、超亲水性、微生物生长抑制、耐腐蚀性、电磁调制、热调制、阻燃性、透气性、动态抗风、颜色、吸收性、阻隔性、维护特性、美观特性、气味控制、耐磨性、机械特性、表面摩擦、手感、耐久性或其组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的集合体,其中x和/或y大于1,并且其中每个At层和/或Ab层包括与其他At层和/或Ab层不同的功能特性。
10.根据权利要求8所述的集合体,其中包括所述顶部表面的所述最顶层和包括所述底部表面的所述最底层包括相同的功能特性。
11.根据权利要求8所述的集合体,其中包括所述顶部表面的所述最顶层和包括所述底部表面的所述最底层包括不同的功能特性。
12.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层包括赋予一种或多种功能特性的顶涂层材料,并且其中由所述顶涂层材料赋予的至少一种功能特性的量值比由直接沉积在不包括所述陶瓷材料的相同基材上的相同顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。
13.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层包括顶涂层材料,并且其中所述陶瓷材料和所述顶涂层材料协同地赋予一种或多种功能特性,其量值比由独立地沉积在相同基材表面上的所述陶瓷材料或所述顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。
14.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中在至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层上的所述无粘合剂陶瓷材料是部分填充的多孔结构。
15.根据权利要求14所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷材料的孔部分地填充有第二陶瓷材料或具有头基和尾基的分子。
16.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中每个B层包括选自以下的一种或多种结构特性:热阻、电阻、结构支撑、机械填充和流体输送特征或其组合。
17.根据权利要求1所述的集合体,其中一个或多个B层包括选自以下的陶瓷材料:玻璃纤维、疏松陶瓷和其他无机材料。
18.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的集合体,其中所述集合体被结合到机能性外套服装、医用绷带、医用石膏、手术服、过滤或分离介质、包装材料、医院床上用品、吸收性纺织品、防护罩、防护服装、建筑纺织品或土工纺织品中。
19.一种管道绝热或保护材料,其包括如权利要求1所述的集合体,
其中一个或多个At层包括疏水或超疏水功能特性,其中一个或多个B层包括绝热、保护或结构特性,并且
其中一个或多个Ab层包括亲水或超亲水功能特性。
20.根据权利要求19所述的管道绝热或保护材料,
其中所述集合体围绕管道,
其中所述最底部的Ab层与所述管道接触,并且
其中所述最顶部的At层与周围环境接触。
21.根据权利要求19或20所述的管道绝热或保护材料,其中一个或多个At层和/或一个或多个Ab层包括陶瓷涂覆的织造材料。
22.根据权利要求21所述的管道绝热或保护材料,其中所述织造材料选自:不锈钢合金织造材料、碳钢合金织造材料、铝合金织造材料和纺织品。
23.根据权利要求19至22中任一项所述的管道绝热或保护材料,其中至少一个B层包括选自以下的材料:玻璃纤维、碳化硅、陶瓷纤维绝热材料、硅酮或硅酮泡沫、矿棉、玄武岩、泡沫玻璃、聚酰亚胺、硅酸钙和二氧化硅。
24.一种管道,其被根据权利要求19至23中任一项所述的管道绝热或保护材料围绕。
25.一种纺织品材料,其包括如权利要求1所述的集合体,
其中一个或多个At层包括疏水或超疏水功能特性,其中一个或多个B层包括绝热、保护或结构特性,并且
其中一个或多个Ab层包括亲水或超亲水功能特性。
26.根据权利要求25所述的纺织品材料,其中一个或多个At层和/或一个或多个Ab层的基材包括织造材料。
27.根据权利要求26所述的纺织品材料,其中所述织造材料选自:纺织品、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚合物基材或膜、纤维素材料、棉、羊毛、不锈钢合金织造材料和铝合金织造材料。
28.根据权利要求25所述的纺织品材料,其中一个或多个At层和/或一个或多个Ab层的基材包括尼龙或聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)。
29.根据权利要求25至28中任一项所述的纺织品材料,其中一个或多个B层包括选自以下的材料:聚酯、抓绒、羊毛、羽毛、羽绒和其他主要的有机材料。
30.一种包括顶部表面和底部表面的材料集合体,其包括:
(a)x个A材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述A层包括有包括所述顶部表面的最顶层,
其中所述A层各自包括在基材上的无粘合剂陶瓷材料;和
(b)z个B绝热或结构材料层,
其中所述B层包括有包括所述底部表面的最底层,并且
其中x和z是相同或不同的层数。
31.一种包括顶部表面和底部表面的材料集合体,其包括:
(a)x个At材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述At层包括有包括所述顶部表面的最顶层;和
(b)y个Ab材料层,其包括一种或多种功能特性,其中所述Ab层包括有包括所述底部表面的最底层,
其中所述At层和所述Ab层各自包括在基材上的无粘合剂陶瓷材料,
其中所述At层上的所述陶瓷材料与所述Ab层上的所述陶瓷材料不同,
并且其中x和y是相同或不同的。
32.根据权利要求30或31所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷材料主要是结晶的。
33.根据权利要求30或31所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷材料包括金属氧化物、金属氧化物的水合物、金属氢氧化物和/或金属氢氧化物的水合物。
34.根据权利要求33所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷材料包括金属氢氧化物,并且其中所述金属氢氧化物的至少一部分包括层状双氢氧化物。
35.根据权利要求30至34中任一项所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷是纳米结构化陶瓷。
36.根据权利要求30所述的集合体,其中至少一个A层包括赋予一种或多种功能特性的顶涂层材料,并且其中由所述顶涂层材料赋予的至少一种功能特性的量值比由直接沉积在不包括所述陶瓷材料的相同基材上的相同顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。
37.根据权利要求30所述的集合体,其中至少一个A层包括顶涂层材料,并且其中所述陶瓷材料和所述顶涂层材料协同地赋予一种或多种功能特性,其量值比由独立地沉积在相同纺织品表面上的所述陶瓷材料或所述顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。
38.根据权利要求30所述的集合体,其中在至少一个A层上的所述无粘合剂陶瓷材料是部分填充的多孔结构。
39.根据权利要求38所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷材料的孔部分地填充有第二陶瓷材料或具有头基和尾基的分子。
40.根据权利要求31所述的集合体,其中至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层包括赋予一种或多种功能特性的顶涂层材料,并且其中由所述顶涂层材料赋予的至少一种功能特性的量值比由直接沉积在不包括所述陶瓷材料的相同基材上的相同顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。
41.根据权利要求31所述的集合体,其中至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层包括顶涂层材料,并且其中所述陶瓷材料和所述顶涂层材料协同地赋予一种或多种功能特性,其量值比由独立地沉积在相同纺织品表面上的所述陶瓷材料或所述顶涂层材料赋予的相同功能特性大。
42.根据权利要求31所述的集合体,其中在至少一个At层和/或至少一个Ab层上的所述无粘合剂陶瓷材料是部分填充的多孔结构。
43.根据权利要求42所述的集合体,其中所述陶瓷材料的孔部分地填充有第二陶瓷材料或具有头基和尾基的分子。
CN202080096116.3A 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 功能化纺织品材料的集合体及其使用方法 Pending CN115190841A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
USPCT/US19/65978 2019-12-12
PCT/US2019/065978 WO2020123804A1 (en) 2018-12-12 2019-12-12 Ceramic surface modification materials and methods of use thereof
US202062989092P 2020-03-13 2020-03-13
US202062989150P 2020-03-13 2020-03-13
US62/989,150 2020-03-13
US62/989,092 2020-03-13
US202063038642P 2020-06-12 2020-06-12
US202063038693P 2020-06-12 2020-06-12
US63/038,642 2020-06-12
US63/038,693 2020-06-12
US202063039965P 2020-06-16 2020-06-16
US63/039,965 2020-06-16
PCT/US2020/064395 WO2021119372A1 (en) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 Assemblies of functionalized textile materials and methods of use thereof

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115190841A true CN115190841A (zh) 2022-10-14

Family

ID=76329080

Family Applications (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202080096078.1A Active CN115087708B (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 选择性施加的梯度涂料组合物
CN202080096052.7A Pending CN115087630A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 陶瓷复合材料
CN202410525497.2A Pending CN118526623A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 功能化纺织品组合物和制品
CN202080096082.8A Pending CN115279717A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 陶瓷表面改性材料
CN202510688621.1A Pending CN120718479A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 选择性施加的梯度涂料组合物
CN202080096048.0A Active CN115151417B (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 功能化纺织品组合物和制品
CN202080096116.3A Pending CN115190841A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 功能化纺织品材料的集合体及其使用方法

Family Applications Before (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202080096078.1A Active CN115087708B (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 选择性施加的梯度涂料组合物
CN202080096052.7A Pending CN115087630A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 陶瓷复合材料
CN202410525497.2A Pending CN118526623A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 功能化纺织品组合物和制品
CN202080096082.8A Pending CN115279717A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 陶瓷表面改性材料
CN202510688621.1A Pending CN120718479A (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 选择性施加的梯度涂料组合物
CN202080096048.0A Active CN115151417B (zh) 2019-12-12 2020-12-11 功能化纺织品组合物和制品

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (8) US12263666B2 (zh)
EP (5) EP4072852A4 (zh)
JP (5) JP7839092B2 (zh)
KR (2) KR20220115588A (zh)
CN (7) CN115087708B (zh)
MX (1) MX2022007226A (zh)
TW (2) TWI887314B (zh)
WO (5) WO2021119372A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021101908A1 (de) * 2021-01-28 2022-07-28 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Schutzdeckel einer Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie
CN117480289A (zh) * 2021-06-25 2024-01-30 尼科伦公司 具有不同芯吸能力的土工合成织物
US12275173B2 (en) * 2021-09-20 2025-04-15 Apple Inc. Porous oxide for improved titanium-polymer bonding
US20250187988A1 (en) * 2022-03-09 2025-06-12 Nelumbo Inc. Hierarchical structures and methods of manufacture thereof
US20230399506A1 (en) * 2022-06-12 2023-12-14 CNPC USA Corp. Preparation of degradable polyester composites and use thereof
WO2024030193A2 (en) * 2022-06-13 2024-02-08 Icarus Rt, Inc. Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal and co-generation system
KR102782567B1 (ko) * 2022-09-15 2025-03-18 영남대학교 산학협력단 자기 청소 효과를 갖는 면직물 및 이의 제조방법
EP4389830A1 (de) * 2022-12-22 2024-06-26 voestalpine Stahl GmbH Metallblech oder -band mit zumindest einer beschichtung auf einer flachseite des metallblechs oder -bands und verfahren zur herstellung des metallblechs oder -bands
CN116375492B (zh) * 2023-01-18 2024-10-18 华中科技大学 提高分层挤出成形陶瓷表面精度的涂料、制备与处理方法
KR20260013463A (ko) * 2023-05-18 2026-01-28 네럼보 인코포레이티드 폴리머 기판에 세라믹 재료 증착
EP4557584A1 (de) * 2023-11-17 2025-05-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Inaktivteil
TWI866651B (zh) * 2023-11-28 2024-12-11 奇鼎科技股份有限公司 水洗觸媒材料及其製備方法
CN120422530B (zh) * 2025-07-04 2025-09-30 四川双铁科技有限公司 一种微孔陶瓷基板和包含其的微孔复合吸声降噪材料及其制备方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102211923A (zh) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-12 日本碍子株式会社 陶瓷坯土、陶瓷成型体、陶瓷结构体及它们的制造方法
US20140356574A1 (en) * 2013-06-03 2014-12-04 Brian John Conolly Insulated Radiant Barriers in Apparel
CN107171018A (zh) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-15 北京好风光储能技术有限公司 一种半固态锂浆料电池
CN108064422A (zh) * 2015-06-10 2018-05-22 于利奇研究中心有限公司 制备纳米结构化层的方法
US20190058177A1 (en) * 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Olefin separator free li-ion battery
US20190169444A1 (en) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Anti-wetting coating

Family Cites Families (132)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3395035A (en) * 1963-10-01 1968-07-30 Martin Marietta Corp Resin impregnated ceramic heat shield and method of making
DE2062661A1 (de) * 1970-12-19 1972-06-22 Henkel & Cie Gmbh Verfahren zur Verhinderung von BeIa gen bei der Nachverdichtung anodisch oxy dierter Aluminiumoberflachen
JPH02225033A (ja) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-07 Nippon Steel Corp 耐食性に優れたセラミック被覆材
JPH02227246A (ja) * 1989-02-28 1990-09-10 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 熱交換器
JPH03149891A (ja) * 1989-11-06 1991-06-26 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd 回路用基板
JPH04103349A (ja) * 1990-08-23 1992-04-06 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd 熱可塑性樹脂金属張積層板の製造方法
US5266356A (en) * 1991-06-21 1993-11-30 The Center For Innovative Technology Method for increasing the corrosion resistance of aluminum and aluminum alloys
GB2284882A (en) * 1993-11-24 1995-06-21 John Taylor Engineering Limite Coated finned tube heat exchanger
JPH09204188A (ja) * 1996-01-25 1997-08-05 Unix:Kk アルミニウム多孔質吸音材
JP3452105B2 (ja) * 1996-05-28 2003-09-29 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 複合セラミックス板の製造法
JPH10100320A (ja) * 1996-09-30 1998-04-21 Mitsubishi Gas Chem Co Inc 複合セラミックス板およびその製造法
JP3206454B2 (ja) * 1996-10-21 2001-09-10 東海ゴム工業株式会社 複合酸化物薄膜及びその製造方法
JP3946298B2 (ja) * 1997-03-25 2007-07-18 本田技研工業株式会社 セラミックス−金属傾斜機能材およびその製造方法
JP4785217B2 (ja) 1998-08-28 2011-10-05 四郎 緒方 撥水性基体
US6890640B2 (en) 1999-12-03 2005-05-10 Caterpillar Inc Patterned hydrophilic-oleophilic metal oxide coating and method of forming
US6228555B1 (en) * 1999-12-28 2001-05-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Thermal mass transfer donor element
JP4377507B2 (ja) * 2000-02-24 2009-12-02 パナソニック電工株式会社 リン酸カルシウム被覆ジルコニア系生体材料及びその製造方法
WO2001087798A2 (en) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-22 The University Of British Columbia Process for making chemically bonded composite hydroxide ceramics
DE10143837A1 (de) * 2001-09-06 2003-03-27 Itn Nanovation Gmbh Selbstreinigende keramische Schichten für Backöfen und Verfahren zur Herstellung selbstreinigender keramischer Schichten
JP2003119087A (ja) * 2001-10-17 2003-04-23 Ngk Insulators Ltd 複合コーティング材料、積層体、耐蝕性部材、耐ハロゲンガスプラズマ用部材および複合コーティング材料の製造方法
US7455757B2 (en) 2001-11-30 2008-11-25 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill Deposition method for nanostructure materials
US7157117B2 (en) 2002-06-26 2007-01-02 Sigma Laboratories Of Arizona, Llc Functionalization of porous materials by vacuum deposition of polymers
US6939610B1 (en) * 2002-07-31 2005-09-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Thermal insulating coating for spacecrafts
JP4122891B2 (ja) * 2002-08-09 2008-07-23 宇部興産株式会社 傾斜組成を有するセラミックス薄膜被覆材料及びその製造方法
SE525236C2 (sv) * 2002-10-31 2005-01-11 Cerbio Tech Ab Förfarande för framställning av strukturerade keramiska beläggningar och belagda anordningar framställda med detta förfarande
US7001669B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2006-02-21 The Administration Of The Tulane Educational Fund Process for the preparation of metal-containing nanostructured films
WO2004108589A2 (en) 2003-01-21 2004-12-16 The Penn State Research Foundation Nanoparticle coated nanostructured surfaces for detection, catalysis and device applications
US7867613B2 (en) * 2005-02-04 2011-01-11 Oxane Materials, Inc. Composition and method for making a proppant
EA012634B1 (ru) * 2005-02-04 2009-12-30 Оксан Материалз, Инк. Композиция и способ получения проппанта
US20060199876A1 (en) * 2005-03-04 2006-09-07 The University Of British Columbia Bioceramic composite coatings and process for making same
US8603930B2 (en) * 2005-10-07 2013-12-10 Sulzer Metco (Us), Inc. High-purity fused and crushed zirconia alloy powder and method of producing same
US7455913B2 (en) * 2006-01-10 2008-11-25 United Technologies Corporation Thermal barrier coating compositions, processes for applying same and articles coated with same
US7670679B2 (en) * 2006-05-30 2010-03-02 General Electric Company Core-shell ceramic particulate and method of making
RU2312703C1 (ru) * 2006-06-21 2007-12-20 Ассоциация делового сотрудничества в области передовых коплексных технологий "АСПЕКТ" Способ получения неорганического градиентно-пористого материала с плакирующим слоем
US9204525B2 (en) * 2006-07-07 2015-12-01 Cocoon Inc. Protective covers
JP2008039377A (ja) * 2006-07-14 2008-02-21 Central Glass Co Ltd 撥水部と親水部を有する物品及びその製法
DE102006037067B4 (de) * 2006-08-08 2011-06-16 Metoxit Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Implantats mit einer porösen, keramischen Oberflächenschicht
DE102007005156A1 (de) * 2007-01-29 2008-08-14 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Keramische Membrane mit verbesserter Haftung auf plasmabehandeltem polymerem Supportmaterial, sowie deren Herstellung und Verwendung
CN101114719B (zh) * 2007-06-25 2010-12-15 南京工业大学 一种以多孔衬底材料为支撑的梯度结构薄膜的制备方法
US20090035474A1 (en) * 2007-08-02 2009-02-05 North American Refractories Co. Refractories with improved hydration resistance
DE102007060334A1 (de) 2007-08-17 2009-02-19 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Silane-basierendes und wässriges Beschichtungssystem, dessen Herstellung und Verwendung
US20090098289A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Deininger Mark A Pig and Method for Applying Prophylactic Surface Treatments
US7833586B2 (en) * 2007-10-24 2010-11-16 General Electric Company Alumina-based protective coatings for thermal barrier coatings
KR20090049518A (ko) * 2007-11-13 2009-05-18 주식회사 엘지화학 반사방지 코팅 조성물 및 이것을 이용하여 제조된 반사방지필름
CN102014975A (zh) * 2008-02-29 2011-04-13 史密夫和内修有限公司 用于生物医学应用的梯度涂层
FR2934709B1 (fr) 2008-08-01 2010-09-10 Commissariat Energie Atomique Structure d'echange thermique et dispositif de refroidissement comportant une telle structure.
US7846866B2 (en) * 2008-09-09 2010-12-07 Guardian Industries Corp. Porous titanium dioxide coatings and methods of forming porous titanium dioxide coatings having improved photocatalytic activity
EP2177574B2 (en) 2008-10-16 2016-03-02 Nanogate AG Silanes Blend
US20100099012A1 (en) 2008-10-17 2010-04-22 Brookhaven Science Associates, Llc Electrocatalyst Synthesized by Depositing a Contiguous Metal Adlayer on Transition Metal Nanostructures
US8540889B1 (en) 2008-11-19 2013-09-24 Nanosys, Inc. Methods of generating liquidphobic surfaces
US20100203287A1 (en) 2009-02-10 2010-08-12 Ngimat Co. Hypertransparent Nanostructured Superhydrophobic and Surface Modification Coatings
KR101079258B1 (ko) * 2009-02-27 2011-11-03 한국세라믹기술원 세라믹 폴리머 복합체의 제조방법과 이에 의해 제조된 세라믹 폴리머 복합체
CN102369478A (zh) * 2009-03-31 2012-03-07 康涅狄格大学 柔性电致变色装置、其电极及制造方法
US9701177B2 (en) 2009-04-02 2017-07-11 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Ceramic coated automotive heat exchanger components
US20100266790A1 (en) 2009-04-16 2010-10-21 Grzegorz Jan Kusinski Structural Components for Oil, Gas, Exploration, Refining and Petrochemical Applications
AU2010236259B2 (en) 2009-04-16 2015-05-28 Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Structural components for oil, gas, exploration, refining and petrochemical applications
US20100294475A1 (en) * 2009-05-22 2010-11-25 General Electric Company High performance heat transfer device, methods of manufacture thereof and articles comprising the same
JP2010280121A (ja) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-16 Tokyo Univ Of Science セラミック系絶縁層と金属層との積層体及びその製造方法
US20120231290A1 (en) 2009-07-03 2012-09-13 National Tsing Hua University Metal nanostructure and preparation thereof
CN201575646U (zh) 2009-10-20 2010-09-08 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 换热器
CN102639459B (zh) * 2009-11-30 2014-12-10 康宁股份有限公司 控制烧制陶瓷制品中孔尺寸分布的方法
WO2011094456A1 (en) 2010-01-27 2011-08-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Nanostructed transition metal oxides useful for water oxidation catalysis
US20120177908A1 (en) * 2010-07-14 2012-07-12 Christopher Petorak Thermal spray coatings for semiconductor applications
EP2595764A1 (en) 2010-07-19 2013-05-29 President and Fellows of Harvard College Hierarchically structured surfaces to control wetting characteristics
WO2012048412A1 (en) * 2010-10-13 2012-04-19 University Of Windsor Process for electroless deposition of metals using highly alkaline plating bath
US9956743B2 (en) 2010-12-20 2018-05-01 The Regents Of The University Of California Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic nanosurfaces
JP5712777B2 (ja) * 2011-05-10 2015-05-07 日本軽金属株式会社 アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金からなる熱交換器
JP5600081B2 (ja) 2011-05-10 2014-10-01 日本軽金属株式会社 熱交換器用プレコートフィン材及び熱交換器
JP5744654B2 (ja) * 2011-07-15 2015-07-08 日本パーカライジング株式会社 金属表面処理剤及びその処理剤で処理してなる金属材料
KR101260455B1 (ko) 2011-07-21 2013-05-07 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 극소수성 표면 가공 방법 및 극소수성 표면을 가지는 증발기
DE202011110325U1 (de) 2011-09-23 2013-08-13 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Luftentfeuchtungseinheit
JP5764506B2 (ja) * 2012-02-08 2015-08-19 美濃窯業株式会社 セラミックス多孔体−金属断熱材及びその製造方法
US8993089B2 (en) * 2012-02-16 2015-03-31 Zhik Pty Ltd Closed cell materials
JP2013180221A (ja) * 2012-02-29 2013-09-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 撥水性被膜の形成方法、撥水性部材及び熱交換器
US12202229B2 (en) 2012-03-02 2025-01-21 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Superhydrophobic nanostructures
CN104169468B (zh) * 2012-03-15 2017-03-08 开利公司 用于铝热交换器的多层保护性涂层
US20130260132A1 (en) * 2012-04-02 2013-10-03 United Technologies Corporation Hybrid thermal barrier coating
WO2013184559A1 (en) 2012-06-03 2013-12-12 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Superhydrophobic surfaces
CN102748987A (zh) 2012-07-11 2012-10-24 北京工业大学 一种提高排水性能的换热器翅片
EP2872574A1 (en) 2012-07-13 2015-05-20 President and Fellows of Harvard College Slips surface based on metal-containing compound
KR20150040309A (ko) * 2012-08-01 2015-04-14 옥세인 머티리얼스, 인크. 합성 프로판트 및 단분산 프로판트 및 그의 제조 방법
KR20150054784A (ko) 2012-09-07 2015-05-20 도판 인사츠 가부시키가이샤 덮개재 및 포장 용기
EP2909253B1 (en) * 2012-10-22 2021-11-10 Delsper LP Cross-linked organic polymer compositions
US10371467B2 (en) * 2012-12-05 2019-08-06 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Heat exchanger with variable thickness coating
US20140178641A1 (en) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 General Electric Company Methods of coating a surface and articles with coated surface
ES2588603T3 (es) 2013-01-08 2016-11-03 Ropal Europe Ag Procedimiento para la fabricación de un sustrato protegido contra la corrosión, brillante, recubierto con metal, sustrato recubierto con mental así como su utilización
US9056987B2 (en) 2013-01-30 2015-06-16 Illinois Tool Works, Inc. Super hydrophobic coating
US20140238646A1 (en) 2013-02-25 2014-08-28 Alcatel-Lucent Ireland Ltd. Sloped hierarchically-structured surface designs for enhanced condensation heat transfer
ES2835811T3 (es) * 2013-03-01 2021-06-23 Carrier Corp Intercambiador de calor de aluminio con revestimiento resistente a la corrosión
US9147633B2 (en) 2013-03-04 2015-09-29 Intel Corporation Heat removal in an integrated circuit assembly using a jumping-drops vapor chamber
CN103173832B (zh) 2013-04-25 2015-12-23 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 具有微尺度自驱动滴状冷凝功能的铝材及其制备方法
CN105229090A (zh) 2013-05-31 2016-01-06 3M创新有限公司 逐层自组装包含光吸收或光稳定化合物的高分子电解质的方法和制品
JP5657157B1 (ja) * 2013-08-01 2015-01-21 関西ペイント株式会社 複層皮膜形成方法
CN105473230A (zh) * 2013-08-14 2016-04-06 迪耐斯公司 涂覆的颗粒过滤器
JP6480658B2 (ja) 2013-12-18 2019-03-13 日揮触媒化成株式会社 撥水性被膜付基材およびその製造方法
US9562000B2 (en) * 2014-02-14 2017-02-07 Prc-Desoto International, Inc. Amino alcohol treatment for sol-gel conversion coatings, substrates including the same, and methods of making the substrates
JP6061894B2 (ja) * 2014-05-29 2017-01-18 日本電化工機株式会社 機械設備の防食方法
US10503063B2 (en) 2014-09-01 2019-12-10 Industry-University Cooperation Foundation Hanyang University Super water repellent polymer hierarchical structure, heat exchanger having super water repellency, and manufacturing method therefor
CN104451814A (zh) 2014-12-01 2015-03-25 中国科学院海洋研究所 一种防止海洋大气腐蚀金属的防护方法
CN107001061B (zh) * 2014-12-17 2019-05-17 日本碍子株式会社 层状双氢氧化物膜及含有层状双氢氧化物的复合材料
CN105063605A (zh) * 2015-07-29 2015-11-18 蚌埠凯盛工程技术有限公司 一种隔热阻燃型金属镍陶瓷涂层及其制作方法
US11326060B2 (en) 2015-08-19 2022-05-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Liquid-repellent coatings
CN105177561A (zh) * 2015-08-21 2015-12-23 山东大学 一种铝或铝合金防护无铬钝化液、制备方法及其铝或铝合金表面防护方法
US20170131046A1 (en) * 2015-11-09 2017-05-11 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Foul-resistant heat exhanger
US10868337B2 (en) * 2016-03-08 2020-12-15 Beijing Hawaga Power Storage Technology Company Ltd Cell-core for lithium slurry battery, and lithium slurry battery module
CN105779974B (zh) * 2016-03-16 2018-12-21 中国科学院海洋研究所 一种原位制备氧化铋薄膜的方法
CN109153248B (zh) * 2016-03-30 2021-03-26 帕克-汉尼芬公司 在纺织品基底上直接沉积纳米纤维
CN105776125B (zh) 2016-03-31 2017-06-09 东南大学 一种楔形图案化超浸润性表面及其制备方法
CN105776317B (zh) 2016-04-05 2018-02-06 东南大学 一种透明超疏水纳米阵列及其制备方法
WO2017221499A1 (ja) 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 日本碍子株式会社 層状複水酸化物を含む機能層及び複合材料
WO2017221451A1 (ja) 2016-06-24 2017-12-28 日本碍子株式会社 層状複水酸化物を含む機能層及び複合材料
KR101769750B1 (ko) * 2016-08-09 2017-08-21 창원대학교 산학협력단 경사기공 구조와 경사화 특성을 갖는 열차폐 코팅층의 동시제조 방법
WO2018053452A1 (en) * 2016-09-19 2018-03-22 Nelumbo Inc. Droplet ejecting coatings
US10760164B2 (en) * 2016-11-04 2020-09-01 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Two-step sealing of anodized aluminum coatings
US10737984B2 (en) * 2016-11-30 2020-08-11 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Formulations and methods for 3D printing of ceramic matrix composites
CN108147793A (zh) * 2016-12-02 2018-06-12 北京有色金属研究总院 一种梯度多孔陶瓷膜的制备方法
CN115388481B (zh) 2017-01-12 2025-09-30 尼蓝宝股份有限公司 用于对温度和相对湿度控制的控制系统
JP7129759B2 (ja) * 2017-03-30 2022-09-02 三菱重工業株式会社 遮熱被膜層形成方法、および、遮熱被膜層を備えるエンジン部品
EP3646850A4 (en) * 2017-06-28 2021-03-31 Dow Toray Co., Ltd. FILMOGENIC AGENT FOR COSMETIC PRODUCTS AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS CONTAINING IT
US20190011074A1 (en) 2017-07-05 2019-01-10 Stryke Industries, LLC Thermal protection system utilizing insulating and conductive materials
CN107699885B (zh) * 2017-08-22 2019-06-18 山东科技大学 一种镁/镁合金的氢氧化镁-钙磷复合涂层的制备方法
KR102031824B1 (ko) * 2017-09-21 2019-10-21 한국과학기술원 고강도 3차원 고분자-세라믹 나노 복합체 및 그 제조 방법
US20190169730A1 (en) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-06 General Electric Company Methods of forming a porous thermal barrier coating
JP6684963B2 (ja) * 2017-12-18 2020-04-22 日本碍子株式会社 Ldhセパレータ及び亜鉛二次電池
CN108410221A (zh) * 2018-04-23 2018-08-17 刘峰 自清洁的涂层
EP3790925B1 (en) * 2018-05-11 2024-01-03 SABIC Global Technologies B.V. Reinforced polyester structural components
US20200000640A1 (en) * 2018-06-29 2020-01-02 Milliken & Company Multi-Layer Wound Care Device Having Absorption and Fluid Transfer Properties
TWI664017B (zh) * 2018-07-04 2019-07-01 明志科技大學 具疏水親油性的多孔奈米複合材料及其製造方法
CN109023299A (zh) * 2018-07-31 2018-12-18 山东科技大学 一种镁/镁合金的水滑石-氧化铝复合涂层的制备方法
CN109321803B (zh) * 2018-11-30 2021-03-23 苏州艾默特材料技术有限公司 一种具有多孔陶瓷涂层的加热元件
BR112021011408A2 (pt) * 2018-12-12 2021-08-31 Nelumbo Inc. Materiais de modificação de superfície cerâmica e métodos de uso destes
CN109761638A (zh) * 2019-02-15 2019-05-17 江苏埃梯恩膜过滤技术有限公司 一种在金属、陶瓷、搪瓷或玻璃基材上制备多孔陶瓷层的方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102211923A (zh) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-12 日本碍子株式会社 陶瓷坯土、陶瓷成型体、陶瓷结构体及它们的制造方法
US20140356574A1 (en) * 2013-06-03 2014-12-04 Brian John Conolly Insulated Radiant Barriers in Apparel
CN108064422A (zh) * 2015-06-10 2018-05-22 于利奇研究中心有限公司 制备纳米结构化层的方法
CN107171018A (zh) * 2016-03-08 2017-09-15 北京好风光储能技术有限公司 一种半固态锂浆料电池
US20190058177A1 (en) * 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Applied Materials, Inc. Olefin separator free li-ion battery
US20190169444A1 (en) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-06 Applied Materials, Inc. Anti-wetting coating

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
朱敏主编: "《工程材料》", vol. 1, 28 February 2018, 冶金工业出版社, pages: 290 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TWI887313B (zh) 2025-06-21
US20250229505A1 (en) 2025-07-17
JP2023506022A (ja) 2023-02-14
EP4072852A4 (en) 2024-01-31
US12145350B2 (en) 2024-11-19
CN115151417B (zh) 2024-05-07
WO2021119518A1 (en) 2021-06-17
US20250033322A1 (en) 2025-01-30
TWI887314B (zh) 2025-06-21
JP7839092B2 (ja) 2026-04-01
US20230031778A1 (en) 2023-02-02
JP2026041884A (ja) 2026-03-10
TW202535801A (zh) 2025-09-16
EP4072853A4 (en) 2024-05-22
JP2023506020A (ja) 2023-02-14
CN115087708B (zh) 2025-06-13
TW202136178A (zh) 2021-10-01
JP2023506019A (ja) 2023-02-14
TW202136179A (zh) 2021-10-01
CN115151417A (zh) 2022-10-04
JP2023506021A (ja) 2023-02-14
US20230002960A1 (en) 2023-01-05
US20240149557A1 (en) 2024-05-09
CN115087708A (zh) 2022-09-20
MX2022007226A (es) 2022-07-12
US20230032108A1 (en) 2023-02-02
WO2021119372A1 (en) 2021-06-17
EP4073019A4 (en) 2024-04-24
EP4072852A1 (en) 2022-10-19
US12263666B2 (en) 2025-04-01
JP2023506018A (ja) 2023-02-14
KR20220115588A (ko) 2022-08-17
EP4073455A4 (en) 2024-07-03
CN115279717A (zh) 2022-11-01
US20230001667A1 (en) 2023-01-05
EP4073455A1 (en) 2022-10-19
EP4073020A4 (en) 2024-04-24
KR20220115587A (ko) 2022-08-17
EP4072853A1 (en) 2022-10-19
CN118526623A (zh) 2024-08-23
WO2021119373A1 (en) 2021-06-17
EP4073019A1 (en) 2022-10-19
CN115087630A (zh) 2022-09-20
US20230031173A1 (en) 2023-02-02
WO2021119371A1 (en) 2021-06-17
WO2021119514A1 (en) 2021-06-17
EP4073020A1 (en) 2022-10-19
CN120718479A (zh) 2025-09-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
TWI887314B (zh) 功能化織物材料之總成及其使用方法
Ahmad et al. Facile two-step functionalization of multifunctional superhydrophobic cotton fabric for UV-blocking, self cleaning, antibacterial, and oil-water separation
Song et al. Approaching superhydrophobicity from cellulosic materials: A Review
Li et al. A review on special wettability textiles: theoretical models, fabrication technologies and multifunctional applications
Zeng et al. Robust coating with superhydrophobic and self-cleaning properties in either air or oil based on natural zeolite
Zhang et al. Antimicrobial cotton textiles with robust superhydrophobicity via plasma for oily water separation
Xue et al. Large-area fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces for practical applications: an overview
Li et al. Durable, self-cleaning and superhydrophobic bamboo timber surfaces based on TiO2 films combined with fluoroalkylsilane
Abd Aziz et al. Superhydrophobic ball clay based ceramic hollow fibre membrane via universal spray coating method for membrane distillation
JP2023506018A5 (zh)
CN106522015B (zh) 具有防水功能的羟基磷灰石超长纳米线耐火纸
Zhang et al. Oil/water separation on structure-controllable Cu mesh: Transition of superhydrophilic-superoleophilic to superhydrophobic-superoleophilic without chemical modification
Foorginezhad et al. Superhydrophobic Al2O3/MMT-PDMS coated fabric for self-cleaning and oil–water separation application
Bakar et al. Synthesis of a water-based TEOS–PDMS sol–gel coating for hydrophobic cotton and polyester fabrics
Cheng et al. Non-fluorine oil repellency: To what extent can it substitute perfluoroalkyl substances?
Tav et al. Thermal and mechanical properties of sol-gel silica coated fabrics
Sadiku et al. Nanotechnology in paints and coatings
JP7854935B2 (ja) 機能化テキスタイル材料の集成品及びその使用方法
TWI918512B (zh) 功能化織物組合物及物品
Vihodceva et al. Durable hydrophobic sol-gel finishing for textiles
WO2025265003A1 (en) Ceramic cellulosic composites
CN121175367A (zh) 陶瓷材料向聚合物基材的沉积

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination