DD263616A5 - Fluessigkristallanzeige - Google Patents

Fluessigkristallanzeige Download PDF

Info

Publication number: DD263616A5
Authority: DD; German Democratic Republic
Prior art keywords: liquid crystal; angle; cell according; crystal cell; twist
Prior art date: 1986-09-12

Application number

DD87306852A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Inventor

Frans Leenhouts

Martin Schadt

Original Assignee

�K@��@`��@��@�K@��K@��k��

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1986-09-12

Filing date

1987-09-10

Publication date

1989-01-04

1987-09-10 Application filed by �K@��@`��@��@�K@��K@��k�� filed Critical �K@��@`��@��@�K@��K@��k��

1989-01-04 Publication of DD263616A5 publication Critical patent/DD263616A5/de

Links

239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 27
230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 14
210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 6
-1 4-pentenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
GCFAUZGWPDYAJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 3-phenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 GCFAUZGWPDYAJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
239000011306 natural pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
QKFJKGMPGYROCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound S=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 QKFJKGMPGYROCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
WLPATYNQCGVFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbenzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 WLPATYNQCGVFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
RZPUZPYRNRRZSC-UBBSCCEASA-N C(CCC)[C@@H]1CC[C@H](CC1)OC(=O)[C@@H]1CC[C@H](CC1)CCCC Chemical compound C(CCC)[C@@H]1CC[C@H](CC1)OC(=O)[C@@H]1CC[C@H](CC1)CCCC RZPUZPYRNRRZSC-UBBSCCEASA-N 0.000 description 1
QCTHAGCDRXAJND-KOMQPUFPSA-N C1C[C@@H](CCC=C)CC[C@@H]1C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](CCC=C)CC[C@@H]1C1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 QCTHAGCDRXAJND-KOMQPUFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
OMXWVWDCNNMTTN-CQXGVVMCSA-N C1C[C@@H](CCCCC)CC[C@@H]1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(CC[C@@H]3CC[C@@H](CCCC)CC3)=CC=2)C=C1 Chemical group C1C[C@@H](CCCCC)CC[C@@H]1C1=CC=C(C=2C=CC(CC[C@@H]3CC[C@@H](CCCC)CC3)=CC=2)C=C1 OMXWVWDCNNMTTN-CQXGVVMCSA-N 0.000 description 1
PAOGJHSCNSVUMN-AFMUELSESA-N CCCCC[C@H]1CC[C@@H](CC1)c1ccc(CC[C@H]2CC[C@H](CCCC)CC2)cc1 Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H]1CC[C@@H](CC1)c1ccc(CC[C@H]2CC[C@H](CCCC)CC2)cc1 PAOGJHSCNSVUMN-AFMUELSESA-N 0.000 description 1
RVLAXPQGTRTHEV-XYPYZODXSA-N CCCCC[C@H]1CC[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1 Chemical compound CCCCC[C@H]1CC[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1 RVLAXPQGTRTHEV-XYPYZODXSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
201000009813 cataract 31 multiple types Diseases 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 1
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
229940117953 phenylisothiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
- G02F1/1397—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell the twist being substantially higher than 90°, e.g. STN-, SBE-, OMI-LC cells

Landscapes

Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Nonlinear Science (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
Polarising Elements (AREA)
Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

DD87306852A 1986-09-12 1987-09-10 Fluessigkristallanzeige DD263616A5 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CH367186		1986-09-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
DD263616A5 true DD263616A5 (de)	1989-01-04

Family

ID=4261011

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
DD87306852A DD263616A5 (de)	1986-09-12	1987-09-10	Fluessigkristallanzeige

Country Status (17)

Country	Link
US (1)	US5004324A (cs)
EP (1)	EP0260450B1 (cs)
JP (1)	JPS6374030A (cs)
KR (1)	KR920004895B1 (cs)
CN (1)	CN1014099B (cs)
AT (1)	ATE70133T1 (cs)
AU (1)	AU597716B2 (cs)
CA (1)	CA1280195C (cs)
CS (1)	CS660587A3 (cs)
DD (1)	DD263616A5 (cs)
DE (1)	DE3774977D1 (cs)
DK (1)	DK474787A (cs)
ES (1)	ES2028833T3 (cs)
HK (1)	HK81094A (cs)
IL (1)	IL83813A0 (cs)
NO (1)	NO873769L (cs)
SG (1)	SG51594G (cs)

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
JPS63167331A (ja) *	1986-12-29	1988-07-11	Sharp Corp	ツイステツド・ネマチツク型液晶表示素子
JPS63220221A (ja) *	1987-03-10	1988-09-13	Sharp Corp	カラ−液晶表示素子
JPS63314520A (ja) *	1987-06-17	1988-12-22	Fujitsu Kiden Ltd	液晶表示素子
DE3835803A1 (de) *	1988-03-10	1990-04-26	Merck Patent Gmbh	Supertwist-fluessigkristallanzeigeelement und fluessigkristallmischung
DE3807958B4 (de) *	1988-03-10	2004-03-18	Merck Patent Gmbh	Supertwist-Flüssigkristallanzeigeelement
US5058998A (en) *	1988-09-16	1991-10-22	Casio Computer Co., Ltd.	Liquid crystal display devide with a twisted alignment state
DE3835804B4 (de) *	1988-10-20	2006-12-28	Merck Patent Gmbh	Nematische Flüssigkristallmischung
US5387369A (en) *	1988-10-20	1995-02-07	Merck Patent Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung	Supertwist liquid crystal display
EP0393442A3 (de) *	1989-04-19	1991-08-14	MERCK PATENT GmbH	Supertwist-Flüssigkristallanzeige
DE3915058A1 (de) *	1989-05-09	1990-11-15	Merck Patent Gmbh	Fluessigkristallanzeige vom omi-typ
DE69427668T2 (de) *	1993-08-04	2002-06-20	Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.	Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtung mit Orientierungsschicht für willkürliche Ausrichtung
JP3732242B2 (ja) *	1994-02-18	2006-01-05	シャープ株式会社	液晶表示装置
US5751389A (en) *	1994-09-08	1998-05-12	Sumitomo Chemical Company	Film containing oriented dye, method of manufacturing the same, and polarizer and liquid crystal display unit utilizing the same
JPH08278500A (ja) *	1994-10-07	1996-10-22	Seiko Instr Inc	液晶表示パネル
US6094252A (en) *	1995-09-05	2000-07-25	Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha	GH LCD having particular parameters and characteristics
US5933207A (en) *	1995-10-23	1999-08-03	Hughes Electronics Corporation	Reflective-type liquid crystal displays using mixed-mode twist nematic cells
US5731404A (en)	1995-11-01	1998-03-24	E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company	Polyimide film from pyromellitic dianhydride and a bis(4-aminophenoxy) aromatic compound as an alignment layer for liquid crystal displays
US5926245A (en) *	1997-03-25	1999-07-20	The Hong Kong University Of Science & Technology	Liquid crystal display having a single polarizer and no retardation film compensation
US5870164A (en) *	1997-06-20	1999-02-09	International Business Machines Corporation	Polarization dependent twisted nematic liquid crystal devices for reflective spatial light modulators
EP0926534B1 (en) *	1997-12-26	2006-08-09	Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation	Liquid crystal displays
JP2004101773A (ja) *	2002-09-06	2004-04-02	Sharp Corp	液晶表示装置
SI21526A (sl) *	2003-05-16	2004-12-31	Institut "Jožef Stefan"	Visoko kontrastni tekočekristalni svetlobno preklopni element s širokim vidnim kotom
CN101441365B (zh) *	2005-04-18	2010-11-03	胜华科技股份有限公司	一种双稳态液晶显示装置
CN106681058B (zh) *	2016-12-28	2020-01-14	深圳市华星光电技术有限公司	光配向设备
JP7447134B2 (ja)	2019-02-01	2024-03-11	ベーアーエスエフ・エスエー	液晶組成物のための二色性アゾ－アゾメチン色素

Family Cites Families (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4239345A (en) *	1979-04-16	1980-12-16	Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated	Bistable liquid crystal twist cell
JPS5692518A (en) *	1979-12-26	1981-07-27	Sharp Corp	Liquid crystal display device
DE3022818C2 (de) *	1980-06-19	1986-11-27	Merck Patent Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt	Flüssigkristall-Anzeigeelement
JPS5790618A (en) *	1980-11-28	1982-06-05	Hitachi Ltd	Liquid crystal display element
US4596446B2 (en) *	1982-06-29	1997-03-18	Secr Defence Brit	Liquid crystal devices with particular cholestric pitch-cell thickness ratio
JPS5922031A (ja) *	1982-07-28	1984-02-04	Sharp Corp	液晶表示装置
JPS5940623A (ja) *	1982-08-31	1984-03-06	Asahi Glass Co Ltd	ツイストネマチツク型液晶表示装置
CH664027A5 (de) *	1983-07-12	1988-01-29	Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie	Fluessigkristallanzeige.
IN161652B (cs) *	1983-07-12	1988-01-09	Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
JPS6050511A (ja) *	1983-08-31	1985-03-20	Hitachi Ltd	液晶表示素子
JPS6052827A (ja) *	1983-09-02	1985-03-26	Hitachi Ltd	液晶表示素子
JPS6073525A (ja) *	1983-09-30	1985-04-25	Hitachi Ltd	液晶表示素子
US4652088A (en) *	1984-02-01	1987-03-24	Hitachi, Ltd.	Liquid crystal display device
JPS60162226A (ja) *	1984-02-01	1985-08-24	Hitachi Ltd	液晶表示素子
JPS6126024A (ja) *	1984-07-17	1986-02-05	Seiko Instr & Electronics Ltd	液晶多色表示装置
JPS61210324A (ja) *	1985-03-15	1986-09-18	Hitachi Ltd	液晶表示素子
JPH0656459B2 (ja) *	1985-04-05	1994-07-27	株式会社日立製作所	液晶表示素子
JPS61256324A (ja) *	1985-05-10	1986-11-13	Hitachi Ltd	液晶表示素子
JPS6231822A (ja) *	1985-08-02	1987-02-10	Hitachi Ltd	液晶表示素子
JPS62127714A (ja) *	1985-11-29	1987-06-10	Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd	液晶表示装置
JPS62247329A (ja) *	1985-12-20	1987-10-28	Seiko Epson Corp	液晶表示素子
JPH0721142B2 (ja) *	1985-12-25	1995-03-08	株式会社日立製作所	液晶表示素子

1987
- 1987-08-17 AT AT87111870T patent/ATE70133T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-08-17 EP EP87111870A patent/EP0260450B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-17 DE DE8787111870T patent/DE3774977D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-17 ES ES198787111870T patent/ES2028833T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-08-24 CA CA000545218A patent/CA1280195C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-09-07 AU AU78113/87A patent/AU597716B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-09-07 IL IL83813A patent/IL83813A0/xx unknown
- 1987-09-09 NO NO873769A patent/NO873769L/no unknown
- 1987-09-10 DD DD87306852A patent/DD263616A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-09-11 KR KR1019870010081A patent/KR920004895B1/ko not_active Expired
- 1987-09-11 CN CN87106251A patent/CN1014099B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-09-11 DK DK474787A patent/DK474787A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-09-11 CS CS876605A patent/CS660587A3/cs unknown
- 1987-09-11 JP JP62228241A patent/JPS6374030A/ja active Pending
1990
- 1990-01-18 US US07/465,593 patent/US5004324A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1994
- 1994-04-15 SG SG51594A patent/SG51594G/en unknown
- 1994-08-11 HK HK81094A patent/HK81094A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
KR880004340A (ko)	1988-06-03
ATE70133T1 (de)	1991-12-15
EP0260450B1 (de)	1991-12-04
US5004324A (en)	1991-04-02
ES2028833T3 (es)	1992-07-16
NO873769L (no)	1988-03-14
CN87106251A (zh)	1988-05-04
DK474787D0 (da)	1987-09-11
AU597716B2 (en)	1990-06-07
DK474787A (da)	1988-03-13
CA1280195C (en)	1991-02-12
CS660587A3 (en)	1992-02-19
DE3774977D1 (de)	1992-01-16
KR920004895B1 (ko)	1992-06-22
CN1014099B (zh)	1991-09-25
JPS6374030A (ja)	1988-04-04
NO873769D0 (no)	1987-09-09
HK81094A (en)	1994-08-19
AU7811387A (en)	1988-03-17
SG51594G (en)	1994-11-25
IL83813A0 (en)	1988-02-29
EP0260450A1 (de)	1988-03-23

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1995-06-22	ENJ	Ceased due to non-payment of renewal fee

Publication	Publication Date	Title
DD263616A5 (de)	1989-01-04	Fluessigkristallanzeige
DE3423993C2 (cs)	1988-06-23
DE2854310C2 (cs)	1988-12-15
DD264303A5 (de)	1989-01-25	Fluessigkristallanzeigezelle
DE3587601T2 (de)	1994-03-10	Ferroelektrische chirale smektische Flüssigkristallzusammensetzung.
DE3779875T2 (de)	1992-12-24	Ferroelektrische fluessigkristallmischung fuer anzeigevorrichtungen des "guest-host"-typs.
DE3608911C2 (cs)	1990-10-31
DE4303335B4 (de)	2005-11-10	Ferroelektrische Flüssigkristall-Mischungen mit kurzer ferroelektrischer Ganghöhe
DD299989A5 (de)	1992-05-14	Flüssigkristallanzeigezelle
CH653143A5 (de)	1985-12-13	Fluessigkristall-anzeigeelemente.
DE2418364B2 (de)	1979-10-25	Elektrooptisches Anzeigeelement mit einem nematischen Flüssigkristallsystem mit positiver dielektrischer Anisotropie
DE3327300C2 (cs)	1989-06-29
EP0261161B1 (de)	1993-05-26	Elektrooptisches anzeigeelement
DE3543235A1 (de)	1986-06-12	Fluessigkristall-anzeigevorrichtung
DE3835804A1 (de)	1990-04-26	Supertwist-fluessigkristallanzeige und fluessigkristallmischung
DE3855454T2 (de)	1997-01-30	Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtung
EP0844293B1 (de)	2002-01-16	Bistabile ferroelektrische Flüssigkristallzelle
DD222039A5 (de)	1985-05-08	Nematische fluessigkristall-zusammensetzung
DE69010731T2 (de)	1995-03-16	Ferroelektrische Flüssigkristall-Zusammensetzung.
DE3241027A1 (de)	1983-05-19	Fluessigkristalline, chirale verbindung, insbesondere als bestandteil eines fluessigkristallinen gast/wirt-materials und elektro-optische anzeigeeinheit mit diesem material
DE69216548T2 (de)	1997-07-31	Flüssigkristallvorrichtung und Anzeigevorrichtung
EP0376029B1 (de)	1994-07-27	Flüssigkristalldisplay für Schwarz/Weiss-Darstellung
DE3107528A1 (de)	1982-02-18	Fluessigkristall-darstellungsvorrichtung
DE3855702T2 (de)	1997-05-15	Flüssigkristallzusammensetzung und dieselbe verwendende Flüssigkristallanzeigevorrichtung
WO1990016007A1 (de)	1990-12-27	Flüssigkristall- schalt- und anzeige-element