DK162529B - Antiviralt virksomme pyridinribonucleosider og farmaceutisk acceptable salte deraf - Google Patents
Antiviralt virksomme pyridinribonucleosider og farmaceutisk acceptable salte deraf Download PDFInfo
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- DK162529B DK162529B DK114484A DK114484A DK162529B DK 162529 B DK162529 B DK 162529B DK 114484 A DK114484 A DK 114484A DK 114484 A DK114484 A DK 114484A DK 162529 B DK162529 B DK 162529B
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N IDUR Chemical compound C1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1N1C(=O)NC(=O)C(I)=C1 XQFRJNBWHJMXHO-RRKCRQDMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUSMLIOHYMYAOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-5,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1H-pyrimidin-4-yl]acetamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C1=C(C(=NC(N1)=O)NC(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C FUSMLIOHYMYAOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000000474 Poliomyelitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Natural products O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aciclovir Chemical compound N1C(N)=NC(=O)C2=C1N(COCCO)C=N2 MKUXAQIIEYXACX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CBHOOMGKXCMKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;methanol Chemical class N.OC CBHOOMGKXCMKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007963 capsule composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007821 culture assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPFCZRAGEMLFTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[SiH](C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F DPFCZRAGEMLFTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005982 diphenylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(*)C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical group CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 1
- OUFRYOWGFSOSEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 3-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(F)(F)C(O)C1COC(C)(C)O1 OUFRYOWGFSOSEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008297 liquid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004184 methoxymethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006503 p-nitrobenzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1[N+]([O-])=O)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006678 phenoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNDXKIMMSFCCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-M propane-2-sulfonate Chemical group CC(C)S([O-])(=O)=O HNDXKIMMSFCCFW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BABPEPRNSRIYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)O[SiH3] BABPEPRNSRIYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000003461 sulfonyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005958 tetrahydrothienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M toluenesulfonate group Chemical group C=1(C(=CC=CC1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- DRNUNECHVNIYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-(5-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxypyrimidin-4-yl)oxysilane Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)N=C1O[Si](C)(C)C DRNUNECHVNIYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D307/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/32—Oxygen atoms
- C07D307/33—Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/30—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H11/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by inorganic acids; Metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
- C07H5/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to halogen
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Communicable Diseases (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
- Furan Compounds (AREA)
Description
DK 162529 B
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår et hidtil ukendt anti-viralt virksomt pyrimidinribonucleosid, der er ejendommeligt ved, at det har den almene formel 5 - H0H2n /°\
• R
•H* 10 hvori R betegner en pyrimidinbase med en af formlerne ϊ r ø /4\ ^4 \
Ns s«-R1 eller ns 5·-??1 15 ! i! U li
/V
1 I
hvori R1 er hydrogen, methyl, brom, fluor, chlor eller 20 iod, eller et farmaceutisk acceptabelt salt deraf. Det antiviralt virksomme pyrimidinribonucleosid ifølge opfindelsen kan fremstilles ved at koble en 2,2-difluor-2-desoxyribose med den almene formel 25 (II) I _ o-.-r 30 hvori Q er CHOH eller CHO-SC^-CH^, og hvori Y^ og hver for sig er hydrogen eller en hydroxy-beskyttende gruppe, fortrinsvis en tert.-butyldimethylsilylgruppe, med en passende base.
Forskere har i lang tid været klar over, at antivirale medikamenter kan findes inden for den generelle familie 35
DK 162529 B
2 af nucleosider. For eksempel ved man, at 5-(2-bromvinyl)-2'-deoxyuridin er virksom over for herpes-virus; DeClercq et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 2947-51 (1979), har beskrevet et antal nucleosider, som dannes ved kob-5 ling af 2-fluor-2-deoxyarabinofuranose med cytosin- og thymin-baser. Af disse forbindelser var 5-iod-cytosin den mest foretrukne base; J. Med. Chem. 22, 21-24 (1979) og US patentskrift nr. 4 211 773.
10 En forbindelse beskrevet med et acyclisk nucleosid, nærmere bestemt 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanin, er et kraftigt virkende antiviralt middel, der er nyttigt over for visse herpes-virustyper, og denne forbindelse er emne for en afhandling i en særlig udgave af American Journal of 15 Medicine, juli 1982.
Fluorerede carbonhydrater er tidligere blevet studeret.
En oversigt over dette emne er givet af Penglis i Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry 38, 20 195-285 (1981). En 2,2-difluorhexose er beskrevet af
Adamson et al. i Carbohydrate Research 18, 345-47 (1971).
Wright og Taylor, Carbohydrate Research 6, 347-54 (1968) beskriver syntesen af 9-(3-deoxy-3-fluor-a-D-arabinofura-nosyl) adenin.
25 I den senere tid er den totale syntese af carbonhydrater blevet et emne for forskningen, og dette har resulteret i nogle få publikationer. Denne syntese kræver stereospecifikke metoder, og man har med held anvendt asymmetriske 30 epoxidationsreaktioner og asymmetriske aidol-reaktioner.
I denne sammenhæng kan henvises til Masamune, Sharpiess et al., J. Org. Chem. 47, 1373-81 (1982).
35 Det har nu overraskende vist sig, at 2,2-difluor-substi-tuerede pyrimidinribonucleosider med den ovenfor viste almene formel (I) eller farmaceutisk acceptable salte 3
DK 162529 B
deraf er virksomme antivirale midler.
Den ovenfor viste strukturformel angiver ikke stereokemien af de omhandlede forbindelser. Forbindelser med samt-5 lige mulige figurationer formodes at være nyttige, og forbindelsens stereokemi skal ikke opfattes som værende en begrænsning. Imidlertid foretrækkes den forbindelse, der har konfigurationen svarende til naturligt forekommende ribose: 10 15
Endvidere foretrækkes det, at konfigurationen af bindingen imellem ribose og base er som følger:
Y
20 °\ K"
F
Det vil være nærliggende for fagmanden at afgøre, hvilke 25 baser der kan anvendes ved syntesen af de antivirale nu-cleosider ifølge opfindelsen.
Fra US patentskrifterne nr. 3 870 700 og nr. 4 211 773 samt fra Carbohydrate Research 42, 233 (1975) og J. Med.
30 Chem. 22 (1), 21-24 (1979) kendes cytosin- og uracil-nucleosider, der kun adskiller sig fra pyridinribonucleo-siderne ifølge opfindelsen ved at have ét F-atom i stedet for to F-atomer i 2'-stillingen. Disse kendte forbindelser har antiviral virkning, men for det første er for-35 bindelseme ifølge opfindelsen væsentligt mere aktive end de kendte forbindelser, og for det andet har de omhandlede forbindelser en virkningsmekanisme, der adskiller
DK 162529 B
4 sig fra de kendte monofluornucleosiders virkningsmekanisme. Nærmere bestemt er det kendt, at forbindelserne ifølge den kendte teknik ikke er effektive i stammer af HSV-1, der mangler thymidinkinase (HSV-1 TK~). Det har der-5 imod overraskende vist sig, at forbindelserne ifølge opfindelsen udviser en betydelig aktivitet i sådanne stammer. 1 denne sammenhæng kan der henvises til følgende tabel;
10 TABEL I
Sammenligning af thymidinkinase-aktivitet
Test- 15 system Inhibering af plague-dannelse (IC^q) (μg/ml) HSV-1 TK" _ 0,06 6,0 >50
Pseudorabies TK~ 0,06 1,25 >50
Poliovirus 0,08 3,0 >50 Λ Λρ Λ1
Forbindelse i ' I ' -Λ Ύί) 25 HOP. HO t (a) (b) (c) 30 Forbindelserne (a) og (b) er ifølge opfindelsen; forbindelsen (c) er ifølge kendt teknik. Man ser, at forbindel- 35 5
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serne ifølge opfindelsen er ganske aktive med hensyn til inhibering af plaque-dannelsen hos såvel HSV-1 TK- som pseudorabies TK- virale mutanter. I stærk kontrast hertil er de kendte forbindelser inaktive i koncentrationer på 5 op til 50 wg/ml.
Det bemærkes især, at forbindelserne ifølge opfindelsen i modsætning til de kendte forbindelser ikke blot er aktive over for DNA-virus, men også over for RNA-virus. I denne 10 sammenhæng kan der henvises til følgende tabel:
TABEL II
RNA- og DNA-virus-aktivitet 15
Poliovirus type I er et RNA-virus HSV-1 er et DNA-virus
Inhibering af plaque-dannelse (IC5q) (μρ/ml) 20
Forbindelse HSV-1 Poliovirus nh2 0,08 0,09 I.) 25 « H°- °J (a) vi
HO F
30 Ψ*2 0,14 >10,0 V) HO(d) 35 yj
OH
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6
Forbindelsen (a) er ifølge opfindelsen; forbindelsen (d) er ifølge kendt teknik. De anførte testresultater bekræfter, at monofluorforbindelsen ifølge kendt teknik kun er aktiv over for DNA-virus, hvorimod de omhandlede difluor-5 forbindelser er aktive over for begge virustyper.
Den efterfølgende tabel III viser inhiberingen af viral plaque-dannelse med en forbindelse ifølge opfindelsen (a) og tre forbindelser ifølge kendt teknik (d,c,e). Det 10 fremgår klart af tabellen, at forbindelsen (a) ifølge opfindelsen udviser en overraskende høj effektivitet med hensyn til inhibering af plaque-dannelsen.
TABEL III 15
Koncentration Procent
Forbindelse Testsystem (ng/ml) inhibering p2 HSV-1 (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 100 HSV-1 (HeLa-celler) 2,0 100 Y (a) Type I polio (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 100 20 ,1n£/ Pseudorabies (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 100 H0_, X) __ 0 HSV-1 (Vero-celler)* 0,1-1,0 >90 25 J<2 HSV-1 (Vero-celler)* 10,0 >99 n ^ (d) HSV-1 (Vero-celler)* 100,0 >99 J I HSV-1 (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 78 HSV-1 (BSC-1 celler) 1,0 100 I ΤΥΡΕ I POLIO (BSC-1 celler) 10,0 89 35 7
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TABEL III (fortsat)
Koncentration Procent
Forbindelse Testsystem (ug/ml) inhibering 5 r1 (c) Pseudorabies (BSC-1 celler) 10,0 89 HChy°\ io
HO
C“ i I HSV-1 (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 12,4 J (e) Pseudorabies (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 25,4 15 ^ HO/0\ y
* Taget fra tabel I i EP 0010205 A
Den reaktion, hvorunder en 2,2-di£luor-2-desoxyribose kobles med en base til opnåelse af en antiviralt virksom forbindelse ifølge opfindelsen, er ofte af en sådan natur, at det er nødvendigt at beskytte hydroxygrupperne i 25 ribosen for at forhindre disse i at reagere med andre reaktanter, der er til stede ved reaktionen. De beskyttende grupper er sådanne, som sædvanligvis anvendes inden for den syntetiske organiske kemi. Egnede sådanne grupper er beskrevet i standardværker, såsom i kapitel 3 i "Protec-30 tive Groups in Organic Chemistry", redigeret af McOmie,
Plenum Press, New York (1973), og kapitel 2 i "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", Greene, John Wiley & Sons,
New York (1981).
35 8
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Hydroxy-beskyttende grupper kan for eksempel være formyl, 2-chloracetyl, benzyl, diphenylmethyl, triphenylmethyl, 4-nitrobenzyl, phenoxycarbonyl, tert.-butyl, methoxyme-thyl, tetrahydropyranyl, allyl, tetrahydrothienyl, 2- 5 methoxyethoxymethyl, methoxyacetyl, phenoxyacetyl, isobu- tyryl, ethoxycarbonyl og benzyloxycarbonyl. Hydroxy-beskyttende silylgrupper er særligt bekvemme at anvende, fordi de fleste sådanne grupper let lader sig fraspalte ved kontakt med vand eller med en alkohol. Sådanne grup-10 per kan især omfatte dimethylsilyl, isopropyldimethylsi-lyl, methyldiisopropylsilyl og triisopropylsilyl. Et særligt tilfælde er tert.-butyldimethylsilylgruppen, som foretrækkes som beskyttende gruppe ved syntesen af den omhandlede forbindelse. Denne gruppe er mere vanskelig at 15 fraspalte, idet det er nødvendigt at anvende et reagens, såsom en hydrogenhalogenidsyre, for at fjerne denne beskyttende gruppe fra hydroxygruppeme.
Ribose eller xylose indeholder en hydroxygruppe i ringens 20 1-stilling. For at omsætte carbonhydratet med basen, med henblik på at opnå de antivirale forbindelser ifølge opfindelsen, er det nødvendigt at anbringe en fraspaltelig gruppe i 1-stillingen. Denne fraspaltelige gruppe vælges blandt grupper, som typisk anvendes inden for den orga-25 niske syntese. De foretrukne fraspaltelige grupper er sulfonater, blandt hvilke den mest foretrukne er methan-sulfonat. Man kan også anvende andre typiske fraspaltelige grupper, såsom toluensulfonat, ethansulfonat, iso-propansulfonat, 4-methoxybenzensulfonat, 4-nitro-benzen-30 sulfonat, 2-chlorbenzensulfonat, chlor og brom.
For at opnå en effektiv reaktion med basen er det nødvendigt, at man anbringer en passende fraspaltelig gruppe i 1-stillingen i den som udgangsmateriale anvendte 2,2-35 difluor-2-desoxyribose. Den foretrukne fraspaltelige gruppe er methansulfonyl, som let tilvejebringes ved reaktion med methansulfonylchlorid i nærværelse af en ækvi- 9
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valent mængde af et passende syrebindende middel, såsom triethylamin eller lignende. Andre fraspaltelige sulfo-nylgrupper tilvejebringes på samme måde ved reaktion med et passende sulfonylhalogenid.
5
Baserne, som anvendes til fremstilling af de antivirale forbindelser ifølge opfindelsen, er velkendte for fagmanden. De primære aminogrupper, som er til stede på visse af baserne, bør beskyttes, inden basen kobles med 2,2-10 difluor-2-desoxyribosen. Der anvendes de sædvanlige amino-beskyttende grupper, herunder de ovenfor omtalte silylgrupper samt sådanne typiske grupper som tert.-but-oxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxycarbo-nyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, formyl eller acetyl.
15
Det er tilrådeligt at omdanne keto-oxygenatomerne på baserne til enol-form med henblik på at gøre den pågældende base mere aromatisk og med henblik på at gøre det lettere for carbonhydratet at angribe basen. Denne enol-dannelse 20 opnås mest bekvemt ved at tilvejebringe de beskyttende silylgrupper. Til dette formål kan man anvende de sædvanlige beskyttende silylgrupper som omtalt ovenfor.
Reaktionen imellem den beskyttede 2,2-difluor-2-desoxy-25 ribose og basen gennemføres fortrinsvis uden tilstedeværelse af opløsningsmidler og ved en forhøjet temperatur i området fra omkring 50 til omkring 200 °C. Det er dog muligt at anvende relativt højtkogende opløsningsmidler ved reaktionen, eksempelvis dimethylformamid, dimethyl-30 acetamid eller hexamethylphosphoramid. Hvis koblingsreaktionen gennemføres ved forhøjede tryk for at undgå en destillation af et lavtkogende opløsningsmiddel, kan man anvende ethvert bekvemt inert opløsningsmiddel.
35 Koblingsreaktionen kan gennemføres ved lave temperaturer, hvis der anvendes en initiator for reaktionen, såsom en trifluormethansulfonyloxysilan. De sædvanlige inerte op- 10
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løsningsraidler, som er beskrevet ovenfor, kan anvendes ved temperaturer i området fra omkring omgivelsestemperaturen til omkring 100 °C.
5 Til sidst fjernes de beskyttende grupper. De fleste beskyttende silylgrupper lader sig let fraspalte ved kontakt med vand eller med en alkohol. De beskyttende tert.-butyldimethylsilylgrupper kræver sure betingelser, såsom kontakt med et gasformigt hydrogenhalogenid, for at lade 10 sig fjerne.
De beskyttende acylgrupper fjernes på simpel måde ved hydrolyse med stærke eller moderat stærke baser, såsom al-kalimetalhydroxider, ved temperaturer fra omkring oragiv-15 elsestemperatur til omkring 100 °C. Der kræves mindst én ækvivalent mængde base for hver beskyttende gruppe. Sådanne hydrolyser gennemføres bekvemt i hydroxylgruppehol-dige opløsningsmidler, især vandige alkanoler. Reaktionerne kan imidlertid også gennemføres i ethvert andet pas-20 sende opløsningsmiddel, herunder polyoler, såsom ethylen- glycol, ethere, såsom tetrahydrofuran, ketoner, såsom acetone og methylethylketon, og andre polære opløsningsmidler, såsom dimethylsulfoxid. Fraspaltningen af beskyttende acylgrupper kan også foretages med andre baser, 25 herunder for eksempel natriummethoxid, kalium-tert.-but oxid, hydrazin, hydroxylamin, ammoniak, alkalimetalamider og sekundære aminer, såsom diethylamin. De beskyttende acylgrupper kan også fjernes ved hjælp af sure katalysatorer, såsom methansulfonsyre, saltsyre, hydrogenbromid-30 syre eller svovlsyre, eller de kan fjernes med sure ionby tterharpikser. Man foretrækker at gennemføre sådanne hydrolyser ved en relativt høj temperatur, eksempelvis ved blandingens tilbagesvalingstemperatur, men man kan også anvende temperaturer så lave som omgivelsestempera-35 turen, når man anvender særligt stærke syrer.
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11
Fjernelsen af beskyttende grupper, som er ethere, foretages ved kendte metoder, for eksempel ved hjælp af ethanthlol og aluminiumchlorid.
5 Ingen af reaktionstrinnene kræver nogen usædvanlige overskud af reaktanterne. Som det er sædvanligt ved organiske synteser, er det tilrådeligt at anvende et moderat overskud, fortrinsvis af størrelsesordenen fra 1,05 til 2 gange.
10
De antiviralt virksomme forbindelser ifølge opfindelsen er i stand til at danne farmaceutisk acceptable additionssalte. Sådanne salte omfattes af opfindelsens rammer og kan være hydrobromider, hydrochlorider, mono-, di- og 15 triphosphatestere og natriumsalte af sådanne phosphater samt sulfater, kalium-, natrium-, lithium- eller ammoniumsalte såvel som andre salte, der er velkendte for fagmanden. "Farmaceutisk acceptable salte" er sådanne salte, som er nyttige ved kemoterapeutisk behandling af 20 varmblodede dyr.
De antiviralt virksomme nucleosider ifølge opfindelsen anvendes til behandling af virale infektioner på sædvanlig måde. Forbindelserne er effektive til behandling af 25 virale infektioner i al almindelighed, og de er særligt velegnede til behandling af infektioner, der er fremkaldt af virustyper af herpes-slægten.
Forbindelserne ifølge opfindelsen eller de farmaceutisk 30 acceptable salte deraf kan indgives oralt, topisk eller parenteralt. Generelt er doseringer i området fra omkring 5 mg/kg til omkring 500 mg/kg nyttige. Man foretrækker især at indgive forbindelserne i doser på mellem ca. 10 mg/kg og ca. 100 mg/kg.
Forbindelserne anvendes almindeligvis i form af farmaceutiske sammensætninger. Formuleringen af disse sammensæt- 35 12
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ninger er konventionel og følger den sædvanlige praksis, som kendes af fagmanden. Når et nucleosid ifølge opfindelsen skal indgives topisk, formuleres det som en typisk sammensætning, såsom en creme eller en salve, der kan 5 gnides ind i det angrebne væv. Cremer er emulsioner, der består af en oliefase og en vandig fase, hvori nucleosidet er opløst eller suspenderet. Salver er fedtagtige eller voksagtige sammensætninger, hvori nucleosidet kan være opløseligt, men hvori det også kan suspenderes, hvis 10 det er uopløseligt i den ønskede koncentration.
Betegnelserne "farmaceutisk acceptabel" og "fysiologisk acceptabel" refererer til sådanne midler, som anvendes ved kemoterapeutisk behandling af varmblodede dyr.
15
Parenterale sammensætninger formuleres fortrinsvis på en sådan måde, at nucleosidet eller et farmaceutisk acceptabelt salt deraf kan opløses med henblik på injektion, men de fleste af nucleosiderne er ikke vandopløselige i 20 større udstrækning. Det er derfor mere almindeligt, at man formulerer et parenteralt produkt som et tørret pulver bestående af nucleosidet og fysiologisk acceptable suspenderingsmidler, såsom stivelse, sukker eller lignende, hvortil der sættes steriliseret vand til dannelse 25 af en suspension, der kan injiceres. Parenterale sammensætninger kan formuleres i vandige baser, der indeholder moderate mængder af fysiologisk acceptable opløsningsmidler, såsom propylenglycol eller lignende, og sådanne sammensætninger kan være i stand til at opløse de omhandlede 30 nucleosider i acceptable koncentrationer.
Der findes temmelig mange typer af oralt indgivelige midler, som har fundet udbredt anvendelse, herunder enhedsdosisformer, såsom tabletter og kapsler, og flydende 35 dosisformer, såsom suspensioner. Generelt foretrækkes enhedsdosisformer inden for farmacien, og disse dosisformer formuleres på en sådan måde, at den sædvanlige dosis til- 13
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vejebringes i en eller nogle få tabletter eller kapsler.
Selve formuleringen af tabletterne, som gør brug af passende smørende midler, bindemidler og disintegrationsmidler, vil være velkendt for fagmanden. Formuleringen af 5 kapsler involverer kun en fortynding af nucleosidet med en passende del af en inert pulverformig substans, såsom lactose, til opnåelse af en passende fyldig masse, der kan udfylde den ønskede kapselstørrelse. Formuleringen af suspensioner til oral indgivelse gennemføres ved, at man 10 findeler nucleosidet ved formaling og blander det intimt med en forholdsvis viskos vandig basisk væske. Viskositeten justeres ved tilsætning af farmaceutisk acceptable fortykkelsesmidler eller geldannende midler, herunder vegetabilske gummiarter, kemisk modificerede cellulosederi-15 vater og lignende. Man kan anvende passende aromastoffer efter ønske.
Opfindelsen illustreres nærmere ved de følgende præparationer og eksempler.
20 PRÆPARATION 1
Ethyl-2,2-difluor-3-hydroxy-3- (2,2-dimethyldioxolan-4- yl)propionat_ 25
Til 10,2 g aktiveret zink sattes en lille mængde af en opløsning bestående af 31,8 g ethylbr omdi fluor acetat og
22,6 g 4-formyl-2,2-dimethyldioxolan i 53 ml tetrahydro-furan og 53 ml diethylether. Man sørgede for omhyggeligt 30 at udelukke vand fra reaktionsblandingen. Opløsningen begyndte at tilbagesvale, så snart den første tilsætning af det aktiverede zink havde fundet sted. Resten af opløsningen blev tilsat dråbevis med en sådan hastighed, at der opretholdtes en rolig tilbagesvaling under hele til-35 sætningen, der varede omkring 30 minutter. Derefter blev blandingen omrørt under svag tilbagesvaling i yderligere 30 minutter. Reaktionsblandingen blev udhældt i 200 ml IN
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14 saltsyre og 200 g is, og blandingen blev omrørt, indtil al. isen var smeltet. Den vandige blanding blev derefter ekstraheret 4 gange med hver 70 ml diethylether, og de organiske baser blev kombineret og vasket med 50 ml mæt-5 tet vandig natriumchlorid og 50 ml mættet vandig natrium-bicarbonat, tørret over magnesiumsulfat og inddampet under vakuum til opnåelse af 26 g af en lysegul olie. Det rå produkt blev chromatograferet på en silicagelkolonne (100 g), idet man eluerede med chloroform indeholdende 10 0,5% methanol for at separere det betydende 3-R-hydroxy- produkt fra det mindre betydende 3-S-hydroxy-produkt. Forholdet imellem mængderne af de to produkter var omkring 3:1, og det mindre betydende produkt kom først ud af kolonnen.
15
Ved at inddampe de fraktioner, der indeholdt 3-R-hydroxy-produktet, opnåede man 12,6 produkt på i det væsentlige ren form. Produktet blev identificeret ved massespektro-skopi, hvilket viste et fragment med en vægt på 239, som 20 stemmer overens med molekylvægten af det ønskede produkt med undtagelse af en methylgruppe, som manglede i acetonid-funktionen ved den spektroskopiske måling. En NMR-analyse af 3-R-hydroxy-produktet på et 90 mHz instrument i CDC13 viste δ = 3,94-4,45 (m, 5H) 25 3,14 (d, J = 4,5 Hz, IH) 1,2-1,47 (m, 9H).
En tilsvarende NMR-analyse af 3-S-hydroxy-produktet, af hvilket der opnåedes 4,68 g ved inddampning af de passen-30 de chromatografiske fraktioner, viste 3,75-4,47 (m, 6H) 2,95 (d, J = 8Hz, IH) 1,25-1,5 (m, 9H).
35 15
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PRÆPARATION 2 2-desoxy-2,2-difluor-l-oxoribose 5 50 g af 3-R-hydroxy-produktet, opnået ved en syntese sva rende til den under præparation 1 beskrevne, blev opløst i 500 ml methanol og 250 ml vand, hvorefter der tilsattes 250 g Dowex 50W-X12 harpiks. Blandingen blev omrørt ved omgivelsestemperatur i 4 dage, hvorefter blandingen blev 10 filtreret igennem en filterhjælp bestående af et lag diatoméjord. Filtratet blev inddampet til tørhed under vakuum til opnåelse af 33,0 g af det Ønskede produkt, som blev identificeret ved NMR-analyse på et 90 mHz instrument i CDgOD: δ » 3,6-4,6 (serier af m, 4H) 15 4,8 (bs, 2H).
PRÆPARATION 3 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-desoxy-2,2-di-20 fluor-l-oxoribose_
Til 13 g af produktet opnået i præparation 2 sattes 60 ml dlchlormethan, 22,5 ml 2,6-lutidin og 48,2 ml trifluor-methylsulfonyloxy-tert.-butyldimethylsilan under en ni-25 trogenatmosfære, idet der samtidigt afkøledes let for at holde temperaturen under 25 °C. I løbet af 15 minutter efter sammenblandingen af reagenserne blev reaktionen fuldstændig exotherm, og blandingen blev tynd og let at omrøre. Blandingen blev omrørt natten over. Derpå blev 30 blandingen fortyndet med 150 ml ethylacetat og vasket successivt med 40 ml IN saltsyre, 40 ml mættet vandig na-triumbicarbonat og 40 ml mættet vandig natriumchlorid. Blandingen blev derefter tørret over magnesiumsulfat og inddampet til tørhed under vakuum til opnåelse af 32,1 g 35 råprodukt, som blev chromatograferet over 260 g silicagel (150 din), idet man eluerede med chloroform og diethyl-ether (10:1). De fraktioner, som indeholdt det ønskede 16
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produkt, blev kombineret og inddampet under vakuum til opnåelse af 7,8 g råprodukt. Andre fraktioner blev kombineret og inddampet til opnåelse af yderligere 10 g urent produkt, der ikke blev renset yderligere. En analyse af 5 det rene produkt gav følgende resultater: IR (rent) 1820 cm NMR (CDClg, 90 MHz) 6 = 0,1-0,22 (m, 12H) 10 0,83-0,98 (m, 18H) 3,63-4,7 (serie af m, 4H).
Massespektrum: m/e = 339 = P-tert.-butyl.
15 EKSEMPEL 1 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-desoxy-2,2-difluor-ribose_ 20 10,3 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-desoxy- 2,2-difluor-l-oxoribose, opnået ved en metode svarende til den ovenfor beskrevne præparation 3, blev opløst i 120 ml vandfri toluen og afkølet til -84 °C. Til opløsningen sattes 26 g diisobutylaluminiumhydrid, idet til-25 sætningen foregik i løbet af 20 minutter under konstant omrøring. Reaktionsblandingens temperatur blev holdt under -65 °C på ethvert tidspunkt. To timer efter den første tilsætning af hydridet blev reaktionen afbrudt ved tilsætning af methanol med en temperatur på -20 °C. Der 30 tilsattes yderligere mængder kold methanol, indtil der ikke længere forekom gasudvikling. Derefter fik blandingen lov til langsomt at opvarme til omgivelsestemperatur, hvorpå den blev vasket med 100 ml 0,1N saltsyre. Den vandige fase blev derefter vasket en gang med 100 ml di-35 ethylether og tre gange med 50 ml diethylether. De organiske faser blev kombineret, vasket med 100 ml mættet vandigt natriumbicarbonat, tørret over magnesiumsulfat og
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17 inddampet under vakuum til tørhed. Herved opnåedes 8,2 g af det ønskede produkt i rå form.
Om nødvendigt kan dette materiale chromatograferes på si-5 licagel (25 g silicagel pr. g råprodukt), idet der til elueringen anvendes 100% dichlormethan.
NMR (CDC13, 90 MHz): δ * 0,1-0,25 (m, 12H) 0,85-1,0 (m, 18H) 10 3,33-4,63 (serie af m, 5H) 5,0-5,27 (dd, IH)
Massespektrum m/e * 341 = P-tert.-butyl; oc° [«Γ D = +25,1°.
15 EKSEMPEL 2 3,5-bis(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methansulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose_ 20 0,5 g 3,5-bis- (tert. -butyldimethylsilyloxy) -2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose blev opløst i 5 ml vandfri dichlormethan og 0,17 g triethylamin. Til den resulterende opløsning sattes 0,11 ml methansulfonylchlorid under svag afkøling.
25 Efter omrøring i 3 timer under en nitrogenatmosfære ved omkring 25 °C blev blandingen inddampet under vakuum, og resten blev optaget i 10 ml ethylacetat. Opløsningen blev ekstraheret med 3 ml mættet vandig natriumcarbonat, hvorefter den blev ekstraheret successivt med 3 ml IN salt-30 syre, 3 ml vand og 3 ml mættet vandigt natriumchlorid.
Den organiske opløsning blev derefter tørret over natriumsulfat og koncentreret under vakuum til opnåelse af 0,59 g af det ønskede produkt.
35 18
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NMR (CDClg, 90 MHz): 6 = 0,05-0,16 (m, 12H) 0,78-0,90 (m, 18H) 3,0 (s, 3H) 3,63-4,59 (serie af m, 4H) 5 5,67-5,9 (dd, IH)
Massespektrum m/e = 519 = P-tert.-butyl.
EKSEMPEL 3 10 l-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-lH, 3H-pyrimidin-l-yl)-l,2-desoxy- 2,2-difluorribose_
Til 2,59 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsiloxy)-l-methan-15 sulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose, der befandt sig under en nitrogenatmosfære, sattes 1,60 g 5-methyl-2,4-bis-(trimethylsilyloxy)-pyrimidin og 45 ml tør 1,2-di-chlorethan. Til den herved fremkomne blanding sattes 1,45 g trifluormethansulfonyloxytrimethylsilan, og den resul-20 terende klare opløsning blev omrørt under tilbagesvaling i omkring 2 til 3 timer. Reaktionsblandingen blev derefter afkølet til omgivelsestemperatur, og der tilsattes 1,35 ml methanol, hvorefter suspensionen blev omrørt i 30 minutter. Bundfaldet blev frafiltreret, og filtratet blev 25 reduceret til det halve volumen under vakuum, hvorefter det blev fortyndet med et tilsvarende volumen dichlor-methan. Opløsningen blev vasket med mættet vandigt na-triumbicarbonat og derefter med mættet vandigt natrium-chlorid, hvorefter den blev tørret over vandfrit natrium-30 sulfat. Opløsningen blev filtreret, og filtratet blev mættet med vandfrit hydrogenbromid. Derefter blev reaktionsblandingen omrørt i 30 minutter og koncentreret under vakuum. Inddampningsresten blev opløst i methanol, og opløsningen blev inddampet til tørhed under vakuum.
35 Inddampningsresten blev opløst i vand, og opløsningen blev ekstraheret to gange med diethylether. Vandfasen blev derefter til tørhed. Resten blev optaget i ethanol 19
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og inddampet gentagne gange til azeotropisk fjernelse af hele vandmængden. Der opnåedes 1 g råprodukt, som blev chromatograferet på 30 g Woelm silicagel (100-210 um), idet man eluerede med ethylacetat til opnåelse af 0,76 g 5 af det ønskede produkt. Dette blev yderligere renset ved omkrystallisation fra ethylacetat til opnåelse af 0,37 g af et hvidt krystallinsk produkt.
NMR (CDgOD, 90 MHz): 6 1,93 (s, 3H) 10 3,5-4,67 (serie af m, 4H) 4,83 (bs, 3H) 6,3 (t, J - 9Hz, IH) 7,47 (m, IH) 15 Massespektrum m/e * 278 = hovedabsorption.
EKSEMPEL 4 1-(4-amino-2-oxo-ΙΗ-pyrimidin-1-yl)-2-desoxy-2,2-di fluor-20 ribose_
Til 5,0 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsiloxy)-l-methan-sulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose i 100 ml tør 1,2-dichlorethan, der blev holdt under en nitrogenatmosfære, 25 sattes 4,68 g bis-trimethylsilyl-N-acetylcytosin efter fulgt af 3,96 g trifluormethansulfonyloxytrimethylsilan.
Den resulterende opløsning blev opvarmet under tilbagesvaling i 3-15 timer. Derefter afkøledes reaktionsblandingen til stuetemperatur, og der tilsattes 2,0 ml me-30 thanol, hvorefter suspensionen blev omrørt i omkring 30 minutter. Det dannede bundfald blev frafiltreret, og filtratet blev koncentreret i vakuum til tørhed. Inddamp-ningsresten blev opløst i methylenchlorid, mættet med vandfrit HBr og omrørt ved stuetemperatur i omkring 45 35 minutter. Blandingen blev koncentreret til tørhed i vakuum, optaget i mættet methanolisk ammoniak og omrørt i omkring 15 timer ved stuetemperatur. Opløsningen blev 20
DK 162529 B
koncentreret til tørhed i vakuum og tritureret med i^O, hvorefter den vandige opløselige del blev overført til en silicagelkolonne i omvendt fase, hvor der ved eluering med vand dannedes 100 mg af det ønskede produkt.
5 NMR (CDgOD, 90 MHz): δ = 3,7-4,65 (serie af m, 4H) 4,83 (bs. 4H) 5,97 (d, J = 8Hz, IH) 6,24 (t, J = 8Hz, IH) 10 7,88 (d, J = 8Hz, IH)
Massespektrum: m/e = 263 = hovedabsorption.
EKSEMPEL 5 15 1- (4-amino-5-iod-2-oxo-lH-pyrimidin-l-yl) -2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose_
Til 1,99 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsiloxy)-l-methan-20 sulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose i 35 ml tør 1,2-dichlorethan sattes under nitrogen 2,08 g tris-trimethyl-silyl-5-iodcytosin efterfulgt af 1,11 g trifluormethan-sulfonyloxytrimethylsilan. Den resulterende opløsning blev opvarmet under tilbagesvaling i 3-15 timer. Derefter 25 afkøledes reaktionsblandingen til stuetemperatur, og der tilsattes 5,0 ml methanol, hvorefter den dannede suspension blev omrørt i omkring 30 minutter. Bundfaldet blev frafiltreret, og filtratet blev koncentreret i vakuum til tørhed. Inddampningsresten blev opløst i methylenchlorid, 30 mættet med vandfrit HBr og omrørt ved stuetemperatur i omkring 45 minutter. Derefter koncentreredes blandingen til tørhed i vakuum. Resten blev tri tureret med H^O, neutraliseret med NaHCOg og separeret på en silicagelkolonne i omvendt fase (^O/MeOH 9:1) til opnåelse af 26 mg af 35 det ønskede produkt.
21
DK 162529 B
NMR (CDgOD, 90 MHz) 6 - 3,6-4,73 (serie af m, 4H) 4,9 (bs, 4H) 6,25 (t, J 8Hz, IH) 8,44 (s, IH) 5
Massespektrum: m/e = 289 hovedabsorption.
EKSEMPEL 6 10 1- (2,4-dioxo-5-f luor-lH, 3H-pyrimidin-l-yl) -2-desoxy-2,2- difluorribose_
Til 1,1 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsiloxy)-l-methan-sulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-di£luorribose i 20 ml tør 1,2-15 dichlorethan sattes under nitrogen 2,83 g bis-trimethyl-silyl-5-fluoruracil efterfulgt af 0,66 g trifluormethan-sulfonyloxydimethylsilan. Den resulterende opløsning blev opvarmet under tilbagesvaling i 3-15 timer. Derefter afkøledes reaktionsblandingen til stuetemperatur, og der 20 tilsattes 1,0 ml methanol, hvorefter suspensionen omrør-tes i omkring 30 minutter. Det dannede bundfald blev filtreret fra, og filtratet blev koncentreret i vakuum til tørhed. Inddampningsresten blev opløst i methylenchlorid, mættet med vandfrit HBr og omrørt ved stuetemperatur i 25 omkring 45 minutter. Blandingen blev koncentreret til tørhed i vakuum.
Resten blev tri tureret med H20, neutraliseret med NaHCo^ og separeret på en silicagel-kolonne i omvendt fase, idet 30 der anvendtes H20 som elueringsmiddel, til opnåelse af 30 mg af det ønskede produkt.
NMR (CD30D, 90 MHz) δ = 3,5-4,5 (serie af m, 4H) 4,65 (bs, 3H) 35 5,89 (t, J = 8Hz, IH) 7,94 (d, J = Hz, IH)
DK 162529 B
22
Massespektrum: m/e = 282 hovedabsorption.
Den antivirale virkning af forbindelserne ifølge opfindelsen er blevet eftervist ved en kontrolleret test in vi-5 tro, der blev gennemført på følgende måde:
Nyreceller fra afrikanske aber (BSC-1) eller Hela-celler o blev dyrket i 25 cm Falcon-kolber ved 37 °C i medium 199 med 5% inaktiveret kalvefosterserum (FBS), penicillin 10 (150 enheder/ml) og streptomycin (150 ug/ml). Da der var dannet sammenflydende monolag, blev det overliggende vækstmedium fjernet, og til hver kolbe sattes 0,3 ml af en passende fortynding af det pågældende virus. Efter adsorption i 1 time ved stuetemperatur blev det virus-infi-15 cerede cellelag overlagt med et medium bestående af en del 1% Ionager No. 2 og en del dobbeltstyrkemedium 199 med FCS (kalvefosterserum), penicillin og streptomycin og desuden indeholdende testforbindelsen i de angivne koncentrationer i μg pr. ml. En kolbe, der ikke indeholdt 20 nogen testforbindelse, tjente som kontrol. Stamopløsning-er af testforbindelserne blev fremstillet i dimethylsulf- 4 oxid i en koncentration på 10 ug/ml. Kolberne blev inkuberet i 72 timer ved 37 °C. Der kunne iagttages pletter i de områder, hvor det tilsatte virus inficerede og blev 25 reproduceret i cellerne. En opløsning af 10% formalin og 2% natriumacetat blev sat til hver kolbe for at inaktivere det tilsatte virus og fiksere cellelaget til kolbens overflade. Viruspletterne (plaque) blev, uden hensyn til deres størrelse, optalt efter farvning af de omgivende 30 celleområder med krystalviolet. Denne optælling af plaque-dannelsen blev sammenlignet med en kontroloptælling ved hver koncentration af testforbindelsen. Aktiviteten af forbindelsen blev udtryk som den procentvise plaque-inhibering.
Resultaterne af disse undersøgelser er angivet i de efterfølgende tabeller IV - IX.
35
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DK 162529 B
TABEL VI
Procentvis plaque-inhibering af testforbindelser i specificerede koncentrationer (jig/ml) i agar ved brug af BSC-5 1-celler Herpes simplex, type II_
Forb.
fra 100 20 10 2 1 eks.
10 a 3 - 100% 100% 83% 28% a0-konfiguration-anomer alene 15
TABEL VII
Procentvis plaque-inhibering af testforbindelser i specificerede koncentrationer ^g/ml) i agar ved brug af BSC-2Q 1-celler Polio Virus, type I_
Forb.
fra. 100 20 10 2 1 0,2 eks.
25 4 - - 100% 100% 100% 30 i 35 25
DK 162529 B
TABEL VIII
Procentvis plaque-inhibering af testforbindelser i specificerede koncentrationer (ug/ml) ved brug af Hela-celler 5 Herpes simplex, type II_
Forb.
fra 100 20 10 2 1 eks.
10 a 3a 100% 100% 100% 99% 80% 3b 65% - 7% a/J-konfiguration-anomer ba-konfiguration-anomer
TABEL IX
Procentvis plaque-inhibering af testforbindelser i speci-ficerede koncentrationer (ug/ml) ved brug af Hela-celler Herpes simplex, type I_
Forb.
fra 100 20 10 2 1 0,2 eks.
25 - 3a - 100% 100% 99% 99% 42% 4 - 100%b 100%b 100% 98% 54% a/5-anomer alene 30 bmuligvis toxisk
Den efterfølgende tabel X sammenligner andre kendte anti-virale midler med de antivirale midler ifølge opfindelsen. Nærmere bestemt sammenlignes forbindelsen fra eksem-35 26
DK 162529 B
pel 3 med Ara-A og Acyclovir med hensyn til den dosis, der kræves for at reducere væksten af Herpes simplex, type I, med 50%. Denne dosis betegnes ID5Q.
5 TABEL X
Inhibering (ID5Q) af Herpes simplex, type I, med forskel-lige antivirale midler_ 10 Forbindelse —50 C ucr/ml)
Eksempel 3a 0,31
Ara-A 7,6
Acyclovir 1,74 15 aØ-anomer alene.
En af forbindelserne ifølge opfindelsen er blevet bedømt ved et vævskultur-forsøg in vitro. Dette forsøg involverer dyrkning af et cellelag forneden på en vævskulturpla-20 de. Cellerne blev inficeret med en virusstamme og overlagt med et ensartet lag af en nærende agar. Filterpapir-skiver, som var imprægneret med afmålte mængder af testforbindelsen, blev derefter anbragt på agarens overflade. Pladerne blev inkuberet ved 37 °C, hvorefter cellerne 25 blev fikseret med formalin og mærket med en tetrachrom-stamme. De zoner, der udviste en antiviral aktivitet, som kunne tilskrives testforbindelsen, blev derefter opmålt i mm. Morfologien af de beskyttede celler blev evalueret på en skala fra 0 til 4, hvor 0 indikerede fuldstændigt øde-30 lagte celler, og 4 indikerede normale celler. 1 tabel XI er angivet resultaterne af dette forsøg. Forbindelserne blev analyseret i de angivne koncentrationer. Zonestørrelserne svarende til cellebeskyttelsen er an-35 givet i mm. Tallene, der er angivet i parentes efter zonestørrelserne, er de aflæste morfologier.
s 27 DK 162529 B
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Claims (3)
1. Antiviralt virksomt pyrimidinribonucleosid, kende-5 tegnet ved, at det har den almene formel HOHsC /\ Ύ r? i—Γ
10 HO F hvori R betegner en pyrimidinbase med en af formlerne 15 jj fjlHs /*\ p s*—R1 eller lp s*-R1 i J 12 U Ύ sy 20 hvori R^ er hydrogen, methyl, brom, fluor, chlor eller iod, eller et farmaceutisk acceptabelt salt heraf.
2. Nucleosid med formel (I) ifølge krav 1, kende tegnet ved, at R betegner gruppen IJHs A/ - λ ) hvori R1 har den i krav 1 angivne betydning.
3. 1- (5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-lH, 3H-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy- 2,2-difluorribose. 35 DK 162529 B 4. 1-(4-amino-2-oxo-lH-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy-2,2-di-fluorribose. 5. 1-(4-amino-5-iod-2-oxo-lH-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy-5 2,2-difluorribose. 6. 1-(2,4-dioxo-5-fluor-lH,3H-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy- 2,2-difluorribose. 10 15 20 25 30 35
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|---|---|---|---|
| US47388383 | 1983-03-10 | ||
| US06/473,883 US4526988A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1983-03-10 | Difluoro antivirals and intermediate therefor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| DK114484D0 DK114484D0 (da) | 1984-02-28 |
| DK114484A DK114484A (da) | 1984-09-11 |
| DK162529B true DK162529B (da) | 1991-11-11 |
| DK162529C DK162529C (da) | 1992-03-30 |
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| DK114484A DK162529C (da) | 1983-03-10 | 1984-02-28 | Antiviralt virksomme pyridinribonucleosider og farmaceutisk acceptable salte deraf |
| DK190590A DK170647B1 (da) | 1983-03-10 | 1990-08-10 | 2,2-difluor-2-desoxyriboser, især til brug ved fremstilling af antiviralt virksomme nucleosider |
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| US4526988A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1985-07-02 | Eli Lilly And Company | Difluoro antivirals and intermediate therefor |
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| EP0184365B1 (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1993-08-04 | Eli Lilly And Company | Improvements in the treatment of tumors in mammals |
| US4681873A (en) * | 1985-07-29 | 1987-07-21 | Warner-Lambert Company | 4-amino-3-halo-2-pyridinone nucleoside and nucleotide compounds |
| CA1295998C (en) * | 1985-07-29 | 1992-02-18 | Sai P. Sunkara | Nucleosides and their use as antineoplastic agents |
| PT86377B (pt) * | 1986-12-24 | 1990-11-20 | Lilly Co Eli | Processo para a preparacao de conjugados de imunoglobulinas com um difluoronucleosideo acilado |
| US4994558A (en) * | 1986-12-24 | 1991-02-19 | Eli Lilly And Company | Immunoglobulin conjugates |
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| EP0277599A3 (en) * | 1987-01-30 | 1990-05-09 | Asahi Glass Company Ltd. | Fluorine containing cyclopentane derivatives and processes for their production |
| CA1340645C (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1999-07-13 | Victor E. Marquez | Acid stable dideoxynucleosides active against the cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus |
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| EP0329348B1 (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1995-07-12 | Eli Lilly And Company | 2',3'-Dideoxy-2',2'-difluoronucleosides |
| US4983724A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1991-01-08 | Eli Lilly And Company | Inversion of 2,2-difluororibose to a 2,2-difluoroxylose and intermediates therefor |
| WO1989008658A1 (en) * | 1988-03-16 | 1989-09-21 | Scripps Clinic And Research Foundation | Substituted adenine derivatives useful as therapeutic agents |
| US5057301A (en) * | 1988-04-06 | 1991-10-15 | Neorx Corporation | Modified cellular substrates used as linkers for increased cell retention of diagnostic and therapeutic agents |
| JPH0232093A (ja) * | 1988-06-08 | 1990-02-01 | Merrell Dow Pharmaceut Inc | 抗レトロウィルスジフルオロ化ヌクレオシド類 |
| US4987224A (en) * | 1988-08-02 | 1991-01-22 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Method of preparation of 2',3'-dideoxynucleosides |
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| US4954623A (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-09-04 | Eli Lilly And Company | Recovery of difluoro sugar |
| CA2012129A1 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1990-09-20 | Ramakrishnan Nagarajan | Recovery of difluoro sugar |
| CZ123493A3 (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-02-16 | Lilly Co Eli | Stereoselective anionic glycosylation process |
| US5256797A (en) | 1992-06-22 | 1993-10-26 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for separating 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-ribofuranosyl alkylsulfonate anomers |
| US5606048A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1997-02-25 | Eli Lilly And Company | Stereoselective glycosylation process for preparing 2'-Deoxy-2', 2'-difluoronucleosides and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoronucleosides |
| US5256798A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1993-10-26 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for preparing alpha-anomer enriched 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-ribofuranosyl sulfonates |
| US5426183A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1995-06-20 | Eli Lilly And Company | Catalytic stereoselective glycosylation process for preparing 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoronucleosides and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoronucleosides |
| US5821357A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1998-10-13 | Eli Lilly And Company | Stereoselective glycosylation process for preparing 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoropurine and triazole nucleosides |
| US5371210A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-12-06 | Eli Lilly And Company | Stereoselective fusion glycosylation process for preparing 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoronucleosides and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoronucleosides |
| US5252756A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1993-10-12 | Eli Lilly And Company | Process for preparing beta-anomer enriched 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-D-ribofuranosyl-arylsulfonates |
| US5594124A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1997-01-14 | Eli Lilly And Company | Stereoselective glycosylation process for preparing 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluoropyrimidine nucleosides and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides and intermediates thereof |
| US5401838A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1995-03-28 | Eli Lilly And Company | Stereoselective fusion glycosylation process for preparing 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoronucleosides and 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoronucleosides |
| IL106075A (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 2000-12-06 | Lilly Co Eli | Process for preparing alpha-anomer enriched 1-halo-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-alpha-D-erythropentofuranose derivatives |
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| FR1362039A (fr) * | 1963-04-17 | 1964-05-29 | Ct D Etudes Experimentales Et | Nouveau procédé de préparation du semi-aldéhyde succinique |
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| US3870700A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1975-03-11 | Miles Lab | 2-halogeno-2-deoxy-5-(substituted)uridines |
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| US4352795A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-10-05 | Warner-Lambert Company | 7-β-D-Arabinofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds and methods for their production |
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