DK170647B1 - 2,2-difluor-2-desoxyriboser, især til brug ved fremstilling af antiviralt virksomme nucleosider - Google Patents
2,2-difluor-2-desoxyriboser, især til brug ved fremstilling af antiviralt virksomme nucleosider Download PDFInfo
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- DK170647B1 DK170647B1 DK190590A DK190590A DK170647B1 DK 170647 B1 DK170647 B1 DK 170647B1 DK 190590 A DK190590 A DK 190590A DK 190590 A DK190590 A DK 190590A DK 170647 B1 DK170647 B1 DK 170647B1
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- 229940121357 antivirals Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CBHOOMGKXCMKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;methanol Chemical class N.OC CBHOOMGKXCMKIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methylpropyl)aluminum Chemical compound CC(C)C[Al]CC(C)C SIPUZPBQZHNSDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Chemical group BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000973 chemotherapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPFCZRAGEMLFTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[SiH](C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F DPFCZRAGEMLFTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006735 epoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000003292 kidney cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XMASOCWIKFSBEC-YTSPXQHTSA-N methylsulfonyl (3s,4r)-3,5-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2,2-difluoro-3,4,5-trihydroxypentanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@](O)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(F)(F)C(=O)OS(C)(=O)=O XMASOCWIKFSBEC-YTSPXQHTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003291 riboses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BABPEPRNSRIYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)O[SiH3] BABPEPRNSRIYFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000707 stereoselective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005931 tert-butyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(OC(*)=O)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940113082 thymine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000006257 total synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DRNUNECHVNIYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl-(5-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxypyrimidin-4-yl)oxysilane Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)N=C1O[Si](C)(C)C DRNUNECHVNIYHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/06—Pyrimidine radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D307/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D307/30—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D307/32—Oxygen atoms
- C07D307/33—Oxygen atoms in position 2, the oxygen atom being in its keto or unsubstituted enol form
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
- C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
- C07D317/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D317/30—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H11/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by inorganic acids; Metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
- C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
- C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
- C07H19/16—Purine radicals
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
- C07H5/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to halogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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Description
DK 170647 Bi i
Den foreliggende opfindelse angår hidtil ukendte 2,2-di-fluor-2-desoxyriboser, især til fremstilling af antivi-ralt virksomme nucleosider, der fremstilles ved at koble de omhandlede riboser med passende baser.
5 Nærmere bestemt angår opfindelsen en gruppe af hidtil ukendte 2, 2-difluor-2-desoxyriboser, som har den almene formel
10 Y'OHaC^ /°\ Q
I i, II
8-e—F
y4 f 15 hvori Q er CHOH, CH0S02CH3 eller >C=0, og hvori Y1 og Y2 hver for sig er hydrogen, en tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-gruppe eller en benzoylgruppe.
20 Forskere har i lang tid været klar over, at antivirale medikamenter kan findes inden for den generelle familie af nucleosider. For eksempel ved man, at 5-(2-bromvinyl)-2’-deoxyuridin er virksom over for herpes-virus; DeClercq et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 2947-51 (1979), 25 har beskrevet et antal nucleosider, som dannes ved kobling af 2-fluor-2-deoxyarabinofuranose med cytosin- og thymin-baser. Af disse forbindelser var 5-iod-cytosin den mest foretrukne base; se J. Med. Chem. 22, 21-24 (1979) og US patentskrift nr. 4 211 773.
30
En forbindelse beskrevet som et acyclisk nucleosid, nærmere bestemt 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanin, er et kraftigt virkende antiviralt middel, der er nyttigt over for visse herpes-virustyper, og denne forbindelse er emne for 35 en afhandling i en særlig udgave af American Journal of Medicine, juli 1982.
2 DK 170647 B1
Fluorerede carbonhydrater er tidligere blevet studeret.
En oversigt over dette emne er givet af Penglis i Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry 38, 195-285 (1981). En 2,2-difluorhexose er beskrevet af Adamson 5 et al. i Carbohydrate Research 18, 345-47 (1971). Wright og Taylor, Carbohydrate Research 6, 347-54 (1968) beskriver syntesen af 9-(3-deoxy-3-fluor-e-D-arabinofuranosyl)-adenin.
10 I den senere tid er den totale syntese af carbonhydrater blevet et emne for forskning, og dette har resulteret i nogle få publikationer. Denne syntese kræver stereospecifikke metoder, og man har med held anvendt asymmetriske epoxidationsreaktioner og asymmetriske aidol-reaktioner.
15 I denne sammenhæng kan henvises til Masamune, Sharpless et al., J. Org. Chem. 47, 1373-81 (1982).
Det har nu overraskende vist sig, at hidtil ukendte pyri-20 midinribonucleosider med den almene formel (I): HOHaC /°\
e *-R
I I , (i)
o-a—F
hA i 25 eller farmaceutisk acceptable salte deraf, hvori R er en pyrimidinbase med en af formlerne ! /*\ .
30 bis 5®—R
I I! 6.· q/ V eller NHs
35 A
/*\ ,
ψ sf-R
U II
/y 3 DK 170647 B1 hvori R1 er hydrogen, methyl, brom, fluor, chlor eller iod, er virksomme antivirale midler.
De omhandlede 2,2-difluor-2-desoxyriboser med den ovenfor 5 viste almene formel II er nyttige mellemprodukter, som, uden mellemliggende omdannelse til kendte forbindelser, direkte kan omdannes til de ovennævnte antiviralt virksomme pyrimidinribonucleosider med formlen 1.
10 Fra US patent skrifterne nr. 3 870 700 og nr. 4 211 773 samt fra Carbohydrate Research 42, 233 (1975) og J. Med. Chem. 22 (1), 21-24 (1979) kendes cytosin- og uracilnu-cleosider, der kun adskiller sig fra pyridinribonucleosi-derne med formlen I ved at have ét F-atom i stedet for to 15 F-atomer i 2'-stillingen. Disse kendte forbindelser har antiviral virkning, men for det første er forbindelserne med formlen I væsentligt mere aktive end de kendte forbindelser, og for det andet har forbindelserne med formlen I en virkningsmekanisme, der adskiller sig fra de 20 kendte monofluornucleosiders virkningsmekanisme. Nærmere bestemt er det kendt, at forbindelserne ifølge den kendte teknik ikke er effektive i stammer af HSV-1, der mangler thymidinkinase (HSV-1 TK-). Det har derimod overraskende vist sig, at de hidtil ukendte pyrimidinribonucleosider 25 med formlen I udviser en betydelig aktivitet i sådanne stammer. I denne sammenhæng kan der henvises til følgende tabel: 30 35 4 DK 170647 B1
TABEL I
" « Sammenligning af thymidinkinase-aktivitet 5 Test- Inhibering af plague-dannelse system (IC5q) (ug/ml) HSV-1 TK~ _ 0,06 6,0 >50
Pseudorabies TK- 0,06 1,25 >50
Poliovirus 0,08 3,0 >50 10
Forbindelse NH mK fH2 A A' A1 V ^ h°xj ύ u HO f HO F KO t (a) (b) (c) 20
Forbindelserne (a) og (b) er pyrimidinribonucleosider med formlen I; forbindelsen (c) er ifølge kendt teknik. Man ser, at forbindelserne med formlen I er ganske aktive med hensyn til inhibering af plaque-dannelsen hos såvel HSV-1 25 TK” som pseudorabies TK~ virale mutanter. I stærk kontrast hertil er de kendte forbindelser inaktive i koncentrationer på op til 50 ug/ml.
Det bemærkes især, at pyrimidinribonucleosiderne med 30 formlen I i modsætning til de kendte forbindelser ikke 35 5 DK 170647 B1 blot er aktive over for DNA-virus, men også over for RNA-virus. I denne sammenhæng kan der henvises til følgende tabel:
5 TABEL II
RNA- og DNA-virus-aktivitet
Poliovirus type I er et RNA-virus HSV-1 er et DNA-virus 10
Inhibering af plaque-dannelse (IC^q) (ug/ml)
Forbindelse HSV-1 Poliovirus
15 NH
Γ 2 0,08 0,09
JJ
HO-j/Oj (a) 20
H<5F
NK 0,14 >10,0
25 f I
(<i)
Vi
OH
30
Forbindelsen (a) er en forbindelse med den generelle formel I; forbindelsen (d) er ifølge kendt teknik. De anførte testresultater bekræfter, at monofluorforbindelsen ifølge kendt teknik kun er aktiv over for DNA-virus, 35 hvorimod pyrimidinribonucleosiderne med formlen I er aktive over for begge virustyper.
DK 170647 B1 6
Den efterfølgende tabel III viser inhiberingen af viral plaque-dannelse med en forbindelse med formlen I (a) og tre forbindelser ifølge kendt teknik (d,c,e). Det fremgår klart af tabellen, at forbindelsen (a) med den generelle 5 formel I udviser en overraskende høj effektivitet med hensyn til inhibering af plaque-dannelsen.
TABEL III
10 Koncentration Procent
Forbindelse Testsystem (ag/ml) inhibering IK2 HSV-1 (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 100 f 1 HSV-1 (HeLa-celler) 2,0 100 15 /J(a) Type I polio (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 100
Pseudorabies (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 100 H0 ry X3
KO F
20 NH_ lAs I J HSV-1 (Vero-celler)* 0,1-1,0 >90 HSV-1 (Vero-celler)* 10,0 >99 i (d) HSV-1 (Vero-celler)* 100,0 >99 25 ΗΟ-ιΛΚ HSV-1 (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 78 Y p7 HSV-1 (BSC-1 celler) 1,0 100 \ I/ TYPE I POLIO (BSC-1 celler) 10,0 89 ir 30 35 7 DK 170647 B1 TABEL III (fortsat)
Koncentration Procent
Forbindelse Testsystem (ug/ml) inhibering 5 NH-, (c) Pseudorabies (BSC-1 celler) 10,0 89 ίο ho1/°\
\J
HO
15 ψjf HSV-1 J l) 1 (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 12,4 O^n/ (e) Pseudorabies (BSC-1 celler) 0,2 25,4
> V
* Taget fra tabel I i EP 0010205 A
25 Den reaktion, hvorunder en 2,2-difluor-2-desoxyribose ifølge opfindelsen kobles med en base til opnåelse af en antiviralt virksom forbindelse med formlen I, er ofte af 30 35 i 8 DK 170647 B1 en sådan natur, at det er nødvendigt at beskytte hydroxy- grupperne i ribosen for at forhindre disse i at reagere med andre reaktanter, der er til stede ved reaktionen. De beskyttende grupper er ifølge opfindelsen tert.-butyldi-5 methylsilylgrupper eller benzoylgrupper.
Af disse grupper foretrækkes tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-gruppen som beskyttende gruppe ved syntesen af forbindelsen med formlen 1. Denne gruppe er mere vanskelig at fra-10 spalte, idet det er nødvendigt at anvende et reagens, såsom en hydrogenhalogenidsyre, for at fjerne denne beskyttende gruppe fra hydroxygrupperne.
Riboser indeholder en hydroxygruppe i ringens 1-stilling.
15 For at omsætte carbonhydratet med basen, med henblik på at opnå de antivirale forbindelser med formlen I, er det nødvendigt at anbringe en fraspaltelig gruppe i 1-stil-lingen. Denne fraspaltelige gruppe er methansulfonat, som let tilvejebringes ved reaktion med methansulfonylchlorid 20 i nærværelse af en ækvivalent mængde af et passende syrebindende middel, såsom triethylamin eller lignende.
Baserne, som anvendes til fremstilling af de antivirale forbindelser med formlen I, er velkendte for fagmanden.
25 De primære aminogrupper, som er til stede på visse af baserne, bør beskyttes, inden basen kobles med 2,2-difluor-2-desoxyribosen ifølge opfindelsen. Der anvendes de sædvanlige amino-beskyttende grupper, herunder de ovenfor omtalte silylgrupper samt sådanne typiske grupper som 30 tert.-butoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, 4-methoxybenzyl-oxycarbonyl, 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, formyl eller ace tyl.
Det er tilrådeligt at omdanne basernes keto-oxygenatomer 35 til enol-form med henblik på at gøre den pågældende base mere aromatisk og med henblik på at gøre det lettere for carbonhydratet at angribe basen. Denne enol-omlejring op- DK 170647 Bl 9 nås mest bekvemt ved at tilvejebringe de beskyttende si-lylgrupper. Til dette formål kan man anvende de sædvanlige beskyttende silylgrupper som omtalt ovenfor.
5 Reaktionen imellem den beskyttede 2,2-difluor-2-desoxyri-bose og basen gennemføres fortrinsvis uden tilstedeværelse af opløsningsmidler og ved en forhøjet temperatur i området fra omkring 50 til omkring 200 °C. Det er dog muligt at anvende relativt højtkogende opløsningsmidler ved 10 reaktionen, eksempelvis dimethylformamid, dimethylacet-amid eller hexamethylphosphoramid. Hvis koblingsreaktionen gennemføres ved forhøjede tryk for at undgå en destillation af et lavtkogende opløsningsmiddel, kan man anvende ethvert bekvemt inert opløsningsmiddel.
15
Koblingsreaktionen kan gennemføres ved lave temperaturer, hvis der anvendes en initiator for reaktionen, såsom en trifluormethansulfonyloxysilan. De sædvanlige inerte opløsningsmidler, som er beskrevet ovenfor, kan anvendes 20 ved temperaturer i området fra omkring omgivelsestemperaturen til omkring 100 °C.
Til sidst fjernes de beskyttende grupper. De fleste silylgrupper lader sig let fraspalte ved kontakt med vand 25 eller med en alkohol, men de beskyttende tert.-butyldime-thylsilylgrupper kræver sure betingelser, såsom kontakt med et gasformigt hydrogenhalogenid, for at lade sig fjerne.
30 De beskyttende benzoylgrupper fjernes på simpel måde ved hydrolyse med stærke eller moderat stærke baser, såsom alkalimetalhydroxider, ved temperaturer fra omkring omgivelsestemperatur til omkring 100 °C. Der kræves mindst én ækvivalent mængde base for hver beskyttende gruppe. Så-35 danne hydrolyser gennemføres bekvemt i hydroxylgruppehol-dige opløsningsmidler, især vandige alkanoler. Reaktionerne kan imidlertid også gennemføres i ethvert andet pas- 10 DK 170647 B1 sende opløsningsmiddel, herunder polyoler, såsom ethylen-glycol, ethere, såsom tetrahydrofuran, ketoner, såsom acetone og methylethylketon, og andre polære opløsningsmidler, såsom dimethylsulfoxid. Fraspaltningen af beskyt-5 tende benzoylgrupper kan også foretages med andre baser, herunder for eksempel natriummethoxid, kalium-tert.-butoxid, hydrazin, hydroxylamin, ammoniak, alkalimetalamider og sekundære aminer, såsom diethylamin. De beskyttende benzoylgrupper kan også fjernes ved hjælp af sure kataly-10 satorer, såsom methansulfonsyre, saltsyre, hydrogenbro-midsyre eller svovlsyre, eller de kan fjernes med sure ionbytterharpikser. Man foretrækker at gennemføre sådanne hydrolyser ved en relativt høj temperatur, eksempelvis ved blandingens tilbagesvalingstemperatur, men man kan 15 også anvende temperaturer så lave som omgivelsestempera-turen, når man anvender særligt stærke syrer.
Ingen af reaktionstrinnene kræver nogen usædvanlige overskud af reaktanterne. Som det er sædvanligt ved organiske 20 synteser, er det tilrådeligt at anvende et moderat overskud, fortrinsvis af størrelsesordenen fra 1,05 til 2 gange.
De antiviralt virksomme forbindelser med formlen I er i 25 stand til at danne farmaceutisk acceptable additionssalte. Sådanne salte kan være hydrobromider, hydrochlorider, mono-, di- og triphosphatestere og natriumsalte af sådanne phosphater samt sulfater, kalium-, natrium-, lithium-eller ammoniumsalte såvel som andre salte, der er vel-30 kendte for fagmanden. "Farmaceutisk acceptable salte" af forbindelserne med formlen I er nyttige ved kemoterapeutisk behandling af varmblodede dyr.
De antiviralt virksomme nucleosider med formlen I anven-35 des til behandling af virale infektioner på sædvanlig måde. Forbindelserne er effektive til behandling af virale infektioner i al almindelighed, og de er særligt velegne- 11 DK 170647 B1 de til behandling af infektioner, der er fremkaldt af virustyper af herpes-slægten.
Forbindelserne med formlen I eller de farmaceutisk accep-5 table salte deraf kan indgives oralt, topisk eller paren-teralt. Generelt er doseringer i området fra omkring 5 mg/kg til omkring 500 mg/kg nyttige. Man foretrækker især at indgive forbindelserne i doser på mellem ca. 10 mg/kg og ca. 100 mg/kg.
10
Opfindelsen illustreres nærmere ved de følgende præparationer og eksempler, hvor præparationerne 1 og 2 samt eksemplerne 1-2 illustrerer fremstillingen af forbindelser ifølge opfindelsen, medens eksemplerne 3-7 illustre-15 rer omdannelsen af forbindelser ifølge opfindelsen til de hidtil ukendte nucleosider med formlen I.
PRÆPARATION 1 20 Ethyl-2,2-difluor-3-hydroxy-3-(2,2-dimethyldloxolan-4- yl)propionat
Til 10,2 g aktiveret zink sattes en lille mængde af en opløsning bestående af 31,8 g ethylbromdifluoracetat og 25 22,6 g 4-formyl-2,2-dimethyldioxolan i 53 ml tetrahydro- furan og 53 ml diethylether. Man sørgede for omhyggeligt at udelukke vand fra reaktionsblandingen. Opløsningen begyndte at tilbagesvale, så snart den første tilsætning af det aktiverede zink havde fundet sted. Resten af opløs-30 ningen blev tilsat dråbevis med en sådan hastighed, at der opretholdtes en rolig tilbagesvaling under hele tilsætningen, der varede omkring 30 minutter. Derefter blev blandingen omrørt under svag tilbagesvaling i yderligere 30 minutter. Reaktionsblandingen blev udhældt i 200 ml IN 35 saltsyre og 200 g is, og blandingen blev omrørt, indtil al isen var smeltet. Den vandige blanding blev derefter ekstraheret 4 gange med hver 70 ml diethylether, og de DK 170647 B1 12 organiske faser blev kombineret og vasket med 50 ml mættet vandigt natriumchlorid og 50 ml mættet vandigt natri-umbicarbonat, tørret over magnesiumsulfat og inddampet under vakuum til opnåelse af 26 g af en lysegul olie. Det 5 rå produkt blev chromatograferet på en silicagelkolonne (100 g), idet man eluerede med chloroform indeholdende 0,5% methanol for at separere det betydende 3-R-hydroxy-produkt fra det mindre betydende 3-S-hydroxy-produkt. Forholdet imellem mængderne af de to produkter var om-10 kring 3:1, og det mindre betydende produkt kom først ud af kolonnen.
Ved at inddampe de fraktioner, der indeholdt 3-R-hydroxy-produktet, opnåede man 12,6 g produkt på i det væsentlige 15 ren form. Produktet blev identificeret ved massespektro-skopi, hvilket viste et fragment med en molekylvægt på 239, som stemmer overens med molekylvægten af det ønskede produkt med undtagelse af en methylgruppe, som manglede i acetonid-funktionen ved den spektroskopiske måling. En 20 NMR-analyse af 3-R-hydroxy-produktet på et 90 mHz instrument i CDCLj viste 6 = 3,94-4,45 (m, 5H) 3,14 (d, J = 4,5 Hz, IH) 1,2-1,47 (m, 9H).
25 En tilsvarende NMR-analyse af 3-S-hydroxy-produktet, af hvilket der opnåedes 4,68 g ved inddampning af de passende chromatografiske fraktioner, viste 6 = 3,75-4,47 (m, 6H) 2,95 (d, J = 8Hz, IH) 30 1,25-1,5 (m, 9H).
35 13 DK 170647 B1 2-desoxy-2,2-difluor-l-oxoribose 50 g af 3-R-hydroxy-produktet, opnået som beskrevet ovenfor blev opløst i 500 ml methanol og 250 ml vand, hvoref-5 ter der tilsattes 250 g Dowex 50W-X12 harpiks. Blandingen blev omrørt ved omgivelsestemperatur i 4 dage, hvorefter blandingen blev filtreret igennem en filterhjælp bestående af et lag diatoméjord. Filtratet blev inddampet til tørhed under vakuum til opnåelse af 33,0 g af det Ønskede 10 produkt, som blev identificeret ved NMR-analyse på et 90 mHz instrument i CD^OD: 6 = 3,6-4,6 (serier af m, 4H) 4,8 (bs, 2H).
15 PRÆPARATION 2 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-desoxy-2,2-di-fluor-l-oxoribose 20
Til 13 g af produktet opnået i præparation 1 sattes 60 ml dichlormethan, 22,5 ml 2,6-lutidin og 48,2 ml trifluorme-thylsulfonyloxy-tert.-butyldimethylsilan under en nitrogenatmosfære, idet der samtidigt afkøledes let for at 25 holde temperaturen under 25 °C. I løbet af 15 minutter efter sammenblandingen af reagenserne blev reaktionen fuldstændig exotherm, og blandingen blev tynd og let at omrøre. Blandingen blev omrørt natten over. Derpå blev blandingen fortyndet med 150 ml ethylacetat og vasket 30 successivt med 40 ml IN saltsyre, 40 ml mættet vandig na-triumbicarbonat og 40 ml mættet vandig natriumchlorid. Blandingen blev derefter tørret over magnesiumsulfat og inddampet til tørhed under vakuum til opnåelse af 32,1 g råprodukt, som blev chromatograferet over 260 g silicagel 35 (150 μπι), idet man eluerede med chloroform og diethyl- ether (10:1). De fraktioner, som indeholdt det ønskede produkt, blev blandet og inddampet under vakuum til op 14 DK 170647 B1 nåelse af 7,8 g råprodukt. Andre fraktioner blev blandet og inddampet til opnåelse af yderligere 10 g urent produkt, der ikke blev renset yderligere. En analyse af det rene produkt gav følgende resultater: 5 IR (rent) 1820 cm”1.
NMR (CDC13, 90 MHz) δ = 0,1-0,22 (m, 12H) 0,83-0,98 (m, 18H) 10 3,63-4,7 (serie af m, 4H).
Massespektrum: m/e 339 = P-tert.-butyl.
EKSEMPEL 1 15 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-desoxy-2,2-dlfluor-ribose 10,3 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-desoxy-20 2,2-difluor-l-oxoribose, opnået ved en metode svarende til den ovenfor beskrevne præparation 2, blev opløst i 120 ml vandfri toluen og afkølet til -84 °C. Til opløsningen sattes 26 g diisobutylaluminiumhydrid, idet tilsætningen foregik i løbet af 20 minutter under konstant 25 omrøring. Reaktionsblandingens temperatur blev holdt under -65 °C på ethvert tidspunkt. To timer efter den første tilsætning af hydridet blev reaktionen afbrudt ved tilsætning af methanol med en temperatur på -20 °C. Der tilsattes yderligere mængder kold methanol, indtil der 30 ikke længere forekom gasudvikling. Derefter fik blandingen lov til langsomt at opvarme til omgivelsestemperatur, hvorpå den blev vasket med 100 ml 0,1N saltsyre. Den vandige fase blev derefter vasket en gang med 100 ml di-ethylether og tre gange med 50 ml diethylether. De orga-35 niske faser blev kombineret, vasket med 100 ml mættet vandigt natriumbicarbonat, tørret over magnesiumsulfat og inddampet under vakuum til tørhed. Herved opnåedes 8,2 g 15 DK 170647 B1 af det ønskede produkt i rå form.
Om nødvendigt kan dette materiale chromatograferes på si-licagel (25 g silicagel pr. g råprodukt), idet der til 5 elueringen anvendes 100% dichlormethan.
NMR (CDClg, 90 MHz): 6 - 0,1-0,25 (m, 12H) 0,85-1,0 (m, 18H) 3,33-4,63 (serie af m, 5H) 10 5,0-5,27 (dd, IH)
Massespektrum m/e = 341 = P-tert.-butyl; OK 0 [«] ΰ D = +25,1°.
15 Ved fjernelse af de beskyttende tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-grupper fås forbindelsen 2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose, som udviser følgende fysiske data: ΧΗ NMR (300 MHz, D20): δ = 3,63 - 4,2 (m, 4H); 20 4,6 - 5,3 (m, IH).
[a]26 = -52°
Smeltepunkt: 125-131 °C
Analyse beregnet for CgHgO^F^: 25 Teoretisk: C35,30; H 4,74; F 22,34;
Fundet: C 35,23; H 5,03; F 22,09.
EKSEMPEL 2 30 3,5-bis(t-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-methansulfonyloxy-2- desoxy-2,2-difluorribose 0,5 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose blev opløst i 5 ml vandfri dichlormethan og 35 0,17 g triethylamin. Til den resulterende opløsning sat tes 0,11 ml methansulfonylchlorid under svag afkøling. Efter omrøring i 3 timer under en nitrogenatmosfære ved 16 DK 170647 B1 omkring 25 °C blev blandingen inddampet under vakuum, og resten blev optaget i 10 ml ethylacetat. Opløsningen blev ekstraheret med 3 ml mættet vandig natriumcarbonat, hvorefter den blev ekstraheret successivt med 3 ml IN saltsy-5 re, 3 ml vand og 3 ml mættet vandigt natriumchlorid. Den organiske opløsning blev derefter tørret over natriumsulfat og koncentreret under vakuum til opnåelse af 0,59 g af det ønskede produkt.
10 NMR (CDClg, 90 MHz): δ * 0,05-0,16 (m, 12H) 0,78-0,90 (m, 18H) 3,0 (s, 3H) 3,63-4,59 (serie af m, 4H) 5,67-5,9 (dd, IH) 15
Massespektrum m/e = 519 = P-tert.-butyl.
EKSEMPEL 3 20 1-(2-oxo-4-amino-lH-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy-2,2- di fluorribose
Til en trehalset rundbundet kolbe med volumen 500 ml, som indeholdt 250 ml 1,2-dichlorethan, sattes 15,00 g (32,88 25 mmol) 2-deoxy-2,2-difluor-D-erythro-pentofurano-3,5-di- benzoat-l-methansulfonat, 15,65 g (52,60 mmol) bis-trime-thylsilyl-N-acetylcytosin og 9,5 g (42,74 mmol) trifluor-methansulfonyloxytrimethylsilan. Opløsningen blev opvarmet til tilbagesvaling (84 °C) i omkring 8 timer. Deref-30 ter blev reaktionsopløsningen afkølet til stuetemperatur (22 °C), og der tilsattes 100 ml saltsyre (5 vægt-% opløsning). Efter omrøring i omkring 5 minutter blev faserne adskilt, og den vandige fase blev vasket med 25 ml me-thylenchlorid. De organiske faser blev kombineret og vas-35 ket successivt med 100 ml af en 5 vægt-% natriumbicarbo-natopløsning og 100 ml af en mættet natriumchloridopløs-ning. Den resulterende organiske fase blev tørret over 17 DK 170647 B1 vandfrit magnesiumsulfat og koncentreret under reduceret tryk til dannelse af et skum.
For at opløse skummet tilsatte man 150 ml methanol, hvor-5 efter den resulterende opløsning blev afkølet til omkring 0 °C. Der blæstes gasformig ammoniak igennem opløsningen 1 omkring 1 minut. De flygtige bestanddele blev fjernet under reduceret tryk, hvorved der opnåedes et gummiagtigt stof. Dette gummiagtige stof blev opløst i 100 ml ethyl- 10 acetat og 100 ml vand. Faserne blev adskilt, hvorefter den organiske fase blev vasket med 25 ml vand. De to vandige faser blev blandet og vasket med 100 ml diethyl-ether, hvorefter den vandige opløsning blev koncentreret under reduceret tryk til opnåelse af et gummiagtigt pro-15 dukt. Man tilsatte omkring 10 ml methanol for at opløse det gummiagtige produkt. Den resulterende opløsning blev koncentreret til tørhed under reduceret tryk, hvilket gav 4,14 g l-(2-oxo-4-amino-lH-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose.
20 NMR (CD30D, 90 MHz) δ 3,7-4,65 (m, 4H); 4,83 (s, 4H); 5,97 (d, IH); 6,24 (t, IH); 7,88 (d, IH); massespektrum m/e » 263 = p.
25 EKSEMPEL 4 l-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-lH,3H-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose 30 Til 2,59 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-l-me- than-sulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose, der befandt sig under en nitrogenatmosfære, sattes 1,60 g 5-methyl- 2,4-bis-(trimethylsilyloxy)-pyrimidin og 45 ml tør 1,2-dichlorethan. Til den herved fremkomne blanding sattes 35 1,45 g trifluormethansulfonyloxytrimethylsilan, og den resulterende klare opløsning blev omrørt under tilbage-svaling i omkring 2 til 3 timer. Reaktionsblandingen blev 18 DK 170647 B1 derefter afkølet til omgivelsestemperatur, og der tilsattes 1,35 ml methanol, hvorefter suspensionen blev omrørt i 30 minutter. Bundfaldet blev frafiltreret, og filtratet blev reduceret til det halve volumen under vakuum, hvor-5 efter det blev fortyndet med et tilsvarende volumen di-chlormethan. Opløsningen blev vasket med mættet vandigt natriumbicarbonat og derefter med mættet vandigt natrium-chlorid, hvorefter den blev tørret over vandfrit natriumsulfat. Opløsningen blev filtreret, og filtratet blev 10 mættet med vandfrit hydrogenbromid. Derefter blev reaktionsblandingen omrørt i 30 minutter og koncentreret under vakuum. Inddampningsresten blev opløst i methanol, og opløsningen blev inddampet til tørhed under vakuum. Inddampningsresten blev opløst i vand, og opløsningen blev 15 ekstraheret to gange med diethylether. Vandfasen blev derefter inddampet til tørhed. Inddampningsresten blev opløst i ethanol og inddampet gentagne gange til azeotro-pisk fjernelse af hele vandmængden. Der opnåedes 1 g råprodukt, som blev chromatograferet på 30 g Woelm silica-20 g©l (100-210 tun), idet man eluerede med ethylacetat til opnåelse af 0,76 g af det ønskede produkt. Dette blev yderligere renset ved omkrystallisation fra ethylacetat til opnåelse af 0,37 g af et hvidt krystallinsk produkt.
25 NMR (CD30D, 90 MHz): 6 - 1,93 (s, 3H) 3,5-4,67 (serie af m, 4H) 4,83 (bs, 3H) 6,3 (t, J = 9Hz, IH) 7,47 (m, IH) 30
Massespektrum m/e * 278 = hovedabsorption.
35 19 DK 170647 B1 EKSEMPEL 5 1-(4-amino-2-oxo-lH-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy-2,2-difluor-ribose 5
Til 5,0 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-l-methan-sulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose i 100 ml tør 1,2-dichlorethan, der blev holdt under en nitrogenatmosfære, sattes 4,68 g bis-trimethylsilyl-N-acetylcytosin efter-10 fulgt af 3,96 g trifluormethansulfonyloxytrimethylsilan.
Den resulterende opløsning blev opvarmet under tilbagesvaling i 3-15 timer. Derefter afkøledes reaktionsblandingen til stuetemperatur, og der tilsattes 2,0 ml methanol, hvorefter suspensionen blev omrørt i omkring 30 mi-15 nutter. Det dannede bundfald blev frafiltreret, og filtratet blev inddampet i vakuum til tørhed. Inddampnings-resten blev opløst i methylenchlorid, mættet med vandfrit HBr og omrørt ved stuetemperatur i omkring 45 minutter. Blandingen blev inddampet til tørhed i vakuum, optaget i 20 mættet methanolisk ammoniak og omrørt i omkring 15 timer ved stuetemperatur. Opløsningen blev inddampet til tørhed i vakuum og tritureret med H20, hvorefter den vandige opløselige del blev overført til en silicagelkolonne i omvendt fase, hvor der ved eluering med vand dannedes 100 25 mg af det ønskede produkt.
NMR (CDgOD, 90 MHz): δ = 3,7-4,65 (serie af m, 4H) 4,83 (bs. 4H) 5,97 (d, J * 8Hz, IH) 30 6,24 (t, J = 8Hz, IH) 7,88 (d, J - 8Hz, IH)
Massespektrum: m/e = 263 = hovedabsorption.
35 EKSEMPEL 6 20 DK 170647 B1 1-(4-amlno-5-iod-2-oxo-lH-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose 5
Til 1,99 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-l-me-thansulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose i 35 ml tør 1,2-dichlorethan sattes under nitrogen 2,08 g tris-trime-thylsilyl-5-iodcytosin efterfulgt af 1,11 g trifluorme-10 thansulfonyloxytrimethylsilan. Den resulterende opløsning blev opvarmet under tilbagesvaling i 3-15 timer. Derefter afkøledes reaktionsblandingen til stuetemperatur, og der tilsattes 5,0 ml methanol, hvorefter den dannede suspension blev omrørt i omkring 30 minutter. Bundfaldet blev 15 frafiltreret, og filtratet blev koncentreret i vakuum til tørhed. Inddampningsresten blev opløst i methylenchlorid, mættet med vandfrit HBr og omrørt ved stuetemperatur i omkring 45 minutter. Derefter koncentreredes blandingen til tørhed i vakuum. Resten blev tritureret med H20, neu-20 traliseret med NaHCOg og separeret på en silicagelkolonne i omvendt fase (H20/Me0H 9:1) til opnåelse af 26 mg af det ønskede produkt.
NMR (CDgOD, 90 MHz) δ = 3,6-4,73 (serie af m, 4H) 25 4,9 (bs, 4H) 6,25 (t, J = 8Hz, IH) 8,44 (s, IH)
Massespektrum: m/e = 289 hovedabsorption.
30 EKSEMPEL 7 1—(2,4-dioxo-5-fluor-lH,3H-pyrimidin-l-yl)-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose 35
Til 1,1 g 3,5-bis-(tert.-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-l-methan-sulfonyloxy-2-desoxy-2,2-difluorribose i 20 ml tør 1,2- DK 170647 B1 21 dichlorethan sattes under nitrogen 2,83 g bis-trimethyl-silyl-5-fluoruracil efterfulgt af 0,66 g trifluormethan-sulfonyloxydimethylsilan. Den resulterende opløsning blev opvarmet under tilbagesvaling i 3-15 timer. Derefter 5 afkøledes reaktionsblandingen til stuetemperatur, og der tilsattes 1,0 ml methanol, hvorefter suspensionen omrør-tes i omkring 30 minutter. Det dannede bundfald blev filtreret fra, og filtratet blev inddampet i vakuum til tørhed. Inddampningsresten blev opløst 1 methylenchlorid, 10 mættet med vandfrit HBr og omrørt ved stuetemperatur i omkring 45 minutter. Blandingen blev inddampet til tørhed i vakuum.
Resten blev tritureret med ^0, neutraliseret med NaHCo^ 15 og separeret på en silicagel-kolonne i omvendt fase, idet der anvendtes 1^0 som elueringsmiddel, til opnåelse af 30 mg af det ønskede produkt.
NMR (CD30D, 90 MHz) 6 = 3,5-4,5 (serie af m, 4H) 20 4,65 (bs, 3H) 5,89 (t, J = 8Hz, IH) 7,94 (d, J « Hz, IH)
Massespektrum: m/e = 282 hovedabsorption.
25
Den antivirale virkning af forbindelserne med formlen I fremstillet ud fra riboserne ifølge opfindelsen er blevet eftervist ved en kontrolleret test in vitro, der blev gennemført på følgende måde: 30
Nyreceller fra afrikanske aber (BSC-1) eller Hela-celler 3 blev dyrket i 25 cm Falcon-kolber ved 37 °C i medium 199 med 5% inaktiveret kalvefosterserum (FBS), penicillin (150 enheder/ml) og streptomycin (150 ug/ml). Da der var 35 dannet sammenflydende monolag, blev det overliggende vækstmedium fjernet, og til hver kolbe sattes 0,3 ml af en passende fortynding af det pågældende virus. Efter ad- 22 DK 170647 B1 sorption i 1 time ved stuetemperatur blev det virus-infi-cerede cellelag overlagt med et medium bestående af en del 1% Ionager No. 2 og en del dobbeltstyrkemedium 199 med FCS (kalvefosterserum), penicillin og streptomycin og 5 desuden indeholdende testforbindelsen i de angivne koncentrationer i ug pr. ml. En kolbe, der ikke indeholdt nogen testforbindelse, tjente som kontrol. Stamopløsning-er af testforbindelserne blev fremstillet i dimethylsulf- 4 oxid i en koncentration på 10 ug/ml. Kolberne blev inku-10 beret i 72 timer ved 37 °C. Der kunne iagttages pletter i de områder, hvor det tilsatte virus inficerede og blev reproduceret i cellerne. En opløsning af 10% formalin og 2% natriumacetat blev sat til hver kolbe for at inaktivere det tilsatte virus og fiksere cellelaget til kolbens 15 overflade. Viruspletterne (plaque) blev, uden hensyn til deres størrelse, optalt efter farvning af de omgivende celleområder med krystalviolet. Denne optælling af plaque-dannelsen blev sammenlignet med en kontroloptælling ved hver koncentration af testforbindelsen. Aktivi-20 teten af forbindelsen blev udtryk som den procentvise plaque-inhibering.
Resultaterne af disse undersøgelser er angivet i de efterfølgende tabeller IV - IX.
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φ Q) O
U U O
φ Q) Η I H
0 Pi 0 Η H dp Ή m » eg m dp •rl co H I I h o
Ο ϋ cm i O
> φ >0) H
H & 0» 0 J 03 j in ω dp IS H CM dp CO H CO ini 03 »in <
< h VO Η I I U
&t φ Q) _ W 03 dp
Η H ID ID I
φ dP dP Φ Ό Η O 00 O ^ CJH ICTtO'-' β dp ^
•Η Φ H k H O U
Λ & Φ Λ Ο Ο © H >ι β ΡΜΗΙΗβ OP OOP 0 mm -h m h m
P » » dP P -PH +J
racism <d to > dp ©
ΦΦΗ CO I I t-l Q) N CM B
PH 3 PMHHI 3 α ο a) o>
mg h m H H
n)ri t#> t#> m cd Λ dp m wo o' o cl g © ο β en cm i o\ o o C Ο) P ο o 0 a CO Η X Φ fi 0 CM IH x
•Η φ I Η Η Ό I
ha «a to hi φ h 0) Φ m φ dp Ο P Λ co dp 0» •H sc in co OQ) h a in in 0 Λ CM mil g Λ N hi c h ίο β P i Η Φ β β Η Φ e 1 H w (0 I H ^
Φ Η I (1) H dP
3 111 c#> tJlfi 3ΦΟ 00 g> WOO cm βθ WO m hi β (0 ΙΟ IS I I *H *H (d I 23
Η H >0 4J Η H 'O
a i β id a i β o dP dP (0 P U ©
C0C/3O VO <Jt H 3 CO 03 O dp H
H 00 O Gicni S) 0> HOQO CO Λ
> Η I Η > H CM I I
p«h p m +2¾
β Cd Φ g β (d I
φ · goo* g
η Ο Λ · OX OCJiXJ· Q
0 3 p © co βΐ p 3 p © w tri a a Λ a m φ m* M· m id n a xj a m φ m· m co
TABEL VI
24 DK 170647 B1
Procentvis plaque-inhibering af testforbindelser i specificerede koncentrationer (ug/ml) i agar ved brug af BSC-5 1-celler Herpes simplex, type II_
Forb.
fra 100 20 10 2 1 eks.
10 a 4a - 100% 100% 83% 28% a/3 -konfiguration-anomer alene 15
TABEL VII
Procentvis plaque-inhibering af testforbindelser i specificerede koncentrationer (ug/ml) i agar ved brug af BSC-
1-celler Polio Virus, type I
20 -i--
Forb.
fra. 100 20 10 2 1 0,2 eks.
25 5 - - 100% 100% 100% 30 k, * 35
TABEL VIII
25 DK 170647 B1
Procentvis plaque-inhibering af testforbindelser i specificerede koncentrationer (ug/ml) ved brug af Hela-celler 5 Herpes simplex, type II_
Forb.
fra 100 20 10 2 1 eks.
10 a 4a 100% 100% 100% 99% 80% 4b 65% - 7% aØ-kon£iguration-anomer u °α-konfiguration-anomer 15
TABEL IX
Procentvis plaque-inhibering af testforbindelser i specificerede koncentrationer (ng/ml) ved brug af Hela-celler zu
Herpes simplex, type I_
Forb.
fra 100 20 10 2 1 0,2 eks.
25 - 4a - 100% 100% 99% 99% 42% 5 - 100%b 100%b 100% 98% 54% a0-anomer alene bmuligvis toxisk
Den efterfølgende tabel X sammenligner andre kendte anti-virale midler med de antivirale midler med formlen I.
Nærmere bestemt sammenlignes forbindelsen fra eksempel 4 35 26 DK 170647 B1 med Ara-A og Acyclovir med hensyn til den dosis, der kræves for at reducere væksten af Herpes simplex, type I, med 50%. Denne dosis betegnes ID^q.
5 TABEL X
Inhibering (ID^q) af Herpes simplex, type I, med forskel-lige antivirale midler_ 10 Forbindelse —50 ^ )
Eksempel 4a 0,31
Ara-A 7,6
Acyclovir 1,74 15 aØ-anomer alene.
En af forbindelserne med formlen 1 er blevet bedømt ved et vævskultur-forsøg in vitro. Dette forsøg involverer dyrkning af et cellelag forneden på en vævskulturplade.
20 Cellerne blev inficeret med en virusstamme og overlagt med et ensartet lag af en nærende agar. Filterpapirski-ver, som var imprægneret med afmålte mængder af testforbindelsen, blev derefter anbragt på agarens overflade. Pladerne blev inkuberet ved 37 °C, hvorefter cellerne 25 blev fikseret med formalin og mærket med en tetrachrom-stamme. De zoner, der udviste en antiviral aktivitet, som kunne tilskrives testforbindelsen, blev derefter opmålt i mm. Morfologien af de beskyttede celler blev evalueret på en skala fra 0 til 4, hvor 0 indikerede fuldstændigt øde-30 lagte celler, og 4 indikerede normale celler. 1 tabel XI er angivet resultaterne af dette forsøg. Forbindelserne blev analyseret i de angivne koncentrationer. Zonestørrelserne svarende til cellebeskyttelsen er angi-35 vet i mm. Tallene, der er angivet i parentes efter zonestørrelserne, er de aflæste morfologier.
27 DK 170647 B1 •μ 0} ύ) μ o
Ti ^ (V) •H I s-" w w w ,* i i i i i i i
H
η o\ s ^ O s
g Η Η Η H
μ <d d) 0) « μ μ 03 0 /“* »r*» <^S I^N /"Ή 03 £J -^-^^^^^111111 0 ί-| I w o μ < μ ή ιηοΝ'ί hæ
+) > c: ’^Jt'^COCSlcMrH
Η β > φ < •μ C 'Ο
•ri C
(J) CQ <-Ν p-s Χ-Ν p-s /-s ρ—s /—s /—S /—s /-s «—s /-s
Η μ > <D Ml* ^ SP ^ ^ -tf -M< 'tf "tf 'tf 'tf "tf CM
^ Q) £ ft to < u H H <D m o in o s *tf o s'tf o m os is
W <D ta SO t n T* OO 00 00 CM CM CM H
m a < ·©·
EH CO
μ h
(]) H y-'s /—V
Ό H ^'#^^1'#sJ1^,C1)H I I I
d I vw'^^v'ww^'^ 3 0
W *H
> H c-"tf os->tf co in in-tf o> (g o 'f'ifCOtOC'lrIHrl > ft 0) Ό c C O) o μ -H 03 μ C m in co ό 00 (0 01 03 m cm in cm ri 10 is μ ffi c < >. fckvv».
+ίμ·Η-^ΟΟΟΟΐηθΜΗΐηοΜΌΟΟΗΟ C ft β H O O O in CM vo CO CM H
(Dgffig OOinCMH O Ή ·&\ in Η C HO) om a λ ft <0 Ο — a) (0
pH
a) h Ό 0) C Q •η ε Q 0) in μ to to ο μ x ft m d)
Claims (4)
- 2. Forbindelse ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at Q er CHOH.
- 3. Forbindelse ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, 20 at Q er >C=0.
- 4. Forbindelse ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at Q er CH0S02CH3·
- 5. Forbindelse ifølge ethvert af kravene 1-4, kende- 1 2 tegnet ved, at Y og Y begge er hydrogen. 6. 2,2-Difluor-2-desoxy-l-oxo-ribose. 30 7. l-Methansulfonyloxy-2,2-difluor-2-desoxyribose. 8. 2,2-Difluor-2-desoxyribose. 35
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US47388383 | 1983-03-10 | ||
| US06/473,883 US4526988A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1983-03-10 | Difluoro antivirals and intermediate therefor |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK190590D0 DK190590D0 (da) | 1990-08-10 |
| DK190590A DK190590A (da) | 1990-08-10 |
| DK170647B1 true DK170647B1 (da) | 1995-11-20 |
Family
ID=23881409
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK114484A DK162529C (da) | 1983-03-10 | 1984-02-28 | Antiviralt virksomme pyridinribonucleosider og farmaceutisk acceptable salte deraf |
| DK190590A DK170647B1 (da) | 1983-03-10 | 1990-08-10 | 2,2-difluor-2-desoxyriboser, især til brug ved fremstilling af antiviralt virksomme nucleosider |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK114484A DK162529C (da) | 1983-03-10 | 1984-02-28 | Antiviralt virksomme pyridinribonucleosider og farmaceutisk acceptable salte deraf |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US4526988A (da) |
| EP (1) | EP0122707B1 (da) |
| JP (2) | JPS59175498A (da) |
| KR (1) | KR860001283B1 (da) |
| AR (1) | AR243533A1 (da) |
| AT (1) | ATE29726T1 (da) |
| AU (1) | AU565856B2 (da) |
| BG (1) | BG40814A3 (da) |
| CA (2) | CA1218647A (da) |
| CS (1) | CS246075B2 (da) |
| CY (1) | CY1489A (da) |
| DD (1) | DD216468A5 (da) |
| DE (2) | DE3466224D1 (da) |
| DK (2) | DK162529C (da) |
| ES (1) | ES530364A0 (da) |
| FI (1) | FI77870C (da) |
| GB (2) | GB2136425B (da) |
| GR (1) | GR81845B (da) |
| HK (1) | HK44989A (da) |
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| NL (1) | NL950018I2 (da) |
| NZ (1) | NZ207358A (da) |
| PH (2) | PH23240A (da) |
| PL (1) | PL142437B1 (da) |
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| US2359096A (en) * | 1941-03-21 | 1944-09-26 | Lilly Co Eli | beta-substituted-delta alpha, beta-gamma-butyrolactones and beta-substituted - beta - hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactones and methods of preparing them |
| US2359208A (en) * | 1941-03-21 | 1944-09-26 | Lilly Co Eli | beta-substituted-delta alpha,beta-gamma-butyrolactones and beta-substituted-beta-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactones and the methods of preparing them |
| FR1362039A (fr) * | 1963-04-17 | 1964-05-29 | Ct D Etudes Experimentales Et | Nouveau procédé de préparation du semi-aldéhyde succinique |
| US3282921A (en) * | 1964-06-04 | 1966-11-01 | Syntex Corp | Halo-deoxynucleosides and processes for the preparation thereof |
| US3870700A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1975-03-11 | Miles Lab | 2-halogeno-2-deoxy-5-(substituted)uridines |
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| US4352795A (en) * | 1981-01-29 | 1982-10-05 | Warner-Lambert Company | 7-β-D-Arabinofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine compounds and methods for their production |
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| US4625020A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1986-11-25 | Bristol-Myers Company | Nucleoside process |
| CA1295998C (en) * | 1985-07-29 | 1992-02-18 | Sai P. Sunkara | Nucleosides and their use as antineoplastic agents |
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| B1 | Patent granted (law 1993) | ||
| PUP | Patent expired |