DK2265257T3 - Indhaleringssammensætning, der indeholder aclidinium til behandling af kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom - Google Patents
Indhaleringssammensætning, der indeholder aclidinium til behandling af kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK2265257T3 DK2265257T3 DK09719213.2T DK09719213T DK2265257T3 DK 2265257 T3 DK2265257 T3 DK 2265257T3 DK 09719213 T DK09719213 T DK 09719213T DK 2265257 T3 DK2265257 T3 DK 2265257T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- aclidinium
- pharmaceutical composition
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- use according
- dose
- Prior art date
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- ASMXXROZKSBQIH-VITNCHFBSA-N aclidinium Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(CC1)CC2)OC(=O)C(O)(C=3SC=CC=3)C=3SC=CC=3)[N+]21CCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 ASMXXROZKSBQIH-VITNCHFBSA-N 0.000 title claims description 59
- 229940019903 aclidinium Drugs 0.000 title claims description 52
- 208000006545 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diseases 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229960005012 aclidinium bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N lactose group Chemical group OC1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O2)CO)[C@H](O1)CO GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OBRNDARFFFHCGE-PERKLWIXSA-N (S,S)-formoterol fumarate Chemical group OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O.C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@H](C)NC[C@@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1.C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@H](C)NC[C@@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1 OBRNDARFFFHCGE-PERKLWIXSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- GIIZNNXWQWCKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serevent Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(CO)=CC(C(O)CNCCCCCCOCCCCC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 GIIZNNXWQWCKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BPZSYCZIITTYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N formoterol Chemical group C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1 BPZSYCZIITTYBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960002848 formoterol Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960000193 formoterol fumarate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229960004017 salmeterol Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002587 phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N Budesonide Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H]3OC(CCC)O[C@@]3(C(=O)CO)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O VOVIALXJUBGFJZ-KWVAZRHASA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960004436 budesonide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001334 corticosteroids Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000289 fluticasone propionate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WMWTYOKRWGGJOA-CENSZEJFSA-N fluticasone propionate Chemical compound C1([C@@H](F)C2)=CC(=O)C=C[C@]1(C)[C@]1(F)[C@@H]2[C@@H]2C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)SCF)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]2(C)C[C@@H]1O WMWTYOKRWGGJOA-CENSZEJFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229940124748 beta 2 agonist Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229960001375 lactose Drugs 0.000 description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XLAKJQPTOJHYDR-QTQXQZBYSA-M aclidinium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C([C@@H](C(CC1)CC2)OC(=O)C(O)(C=3SC=CC=3)C=3SC=CC=3)[N+]21CCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 XLAKJQPTOJHYDR-QTQXQZBYSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 17
- -1 aclidinium bromide Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- SFYAXIFVXBKRPK-QFIPXVFZSA-N abediterol Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C=1C=2C=CC(=O)NC=2C(O)=CC=1)NCCCCCCOCC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 SFYAXIFVXBKRPK-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940112141 dry powder inhaler Drugs 0.000 description 5
- QZZUEBNBZAPZLX-QFIPXVFZSA-N indacaterol Chemical compound N1C(=O)C=CC2=C1C(O)=CC=C2[C@@H](O)CNC1CC(C=C(C(=C2)CC)CC)=C2C1 QZZUEBNBZAPZLX-QFIPXVFZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960002744 mometasone furoate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- WOFMFGQZHJDGCX-ZULDAHANSA-N mometasone furoate Chemical compound O([C@]1([C@@]2(C)C[C@H](O)[C@]3(Cl)[C@@]4(C)C=CC(=O)C=C4CC[C@H]3[C@@H]2C[C@H]1C)C(=O)CCl)C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 WOFMFGQZHJDGCX-ZULDAHANSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N Alpha-lactose monohydrate Chemical compound O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WSVLPVUVIUVCRA-KPKNDVKVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 4
- DBCKRBGYGMVSTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxo-7-[2-[2-[3-(2-phenylethoxy)propylsulfonyl]ethylazaniumyl]ethyl]-3h-1,3-benzothiazol-4-olate Chemical compound C1=2SC(=O)NC=2C(O)=CC=C1CCNCCS(=O)(=O)CCCOCCC1=CC=CC=C1 DBCKRBGYGMVSTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GBTODAKMABNGIJ-VWLOTQADSA-N 3-[4-[6-[[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]ethyl]amino]hexoxy]butyl]benzenesulfonamide Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(CCCCOCCCCCCNC[C@H](O)C=2C=C(CO)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 GBTODAKMABNGIJ-VWLOTQADSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IHOXNOQMRZISPV-YJYMSZOUSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2r)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]azaniumyl]ethyl]-2-oxo-1h-quinolin-8-olate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C2=C1C=CC(=O)N2 IHOXNOQMRZISPV-YJYMSZOUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-[3-(1-cyclopropylpyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Chemical class C1(CC1)N1N=CC(=C1)C1=NNC2=C1N=C(N=C2)N1C2C(N(CC1CC2)C)=O HBAQYPYDRFILMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPZSYCZIITTYBL-YJYMSZOUSA-N R-Formoterol Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C[C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C1 BPZSYCZIITTYBL-YJYMSZOUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003182 bronchodilatating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229950010713 carmoterol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000003434 inspiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229950001768 milveterol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- BMKINZUHKYLSKI-DQEYMECFSA-N n-[2-hydroxy-5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[2-[4-[[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]amino]phenyl]ethylamino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide Chemical compound C1([C@@H](O)CNC2=CC=C(C=C2)CCNC[C@H](O)C=2C=C(NC=O)C(O)=CC=2)=CC=CC=C1 BMKINZUHKYLSKI-DQEYMECFSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 3
- LERNTVKEWCAPOY-DZZGSBJMSA-N tiotropium Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2[N+]([C@H](C1)[C@@H]1[C@H]2O1)(C)C)C(=O)C(O)(C=1SC=CC=1)C1=CC=CS1 LERNTVKEWCAPOY-DZZGSBJMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940110309 tiotropium Drugs 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XWTYSIMOBUGWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Terbutaline Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 XWTYSIMOBUGWOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDAUXUAQIAJITI-LBPRGKRZSA-N (R)-salbutamol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=C1 NDAUXUAQIAJITI-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YREYLAVBNPACJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl YREYLAVBNPACJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIXBJWRFCNRAPA-NSHDSACASA-N 4-[(1r)-2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-chlorophenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1Cl LIXBJWRFCNRAPA-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 2
- UTUUPXBCDMQYRR-HSZRJFAPSA-N 4-[(2r)-2-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl]pyridine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C([C@H](CC=2C=CN=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1OC1CCCC1 UTUUPXBCDMQYRR-HSZRJFAPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTLJQOLVPIGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(methylsulfonylmethyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CS(C)(=O)=O)=C1 RTLJQOLVPIGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QMYRXIWINUJUNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[6,7-diethoxy-2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)naphthalen-1-yl]-1-(2-methoxyethyl)pyridin-2-one Chemical compound C=12C=C(OCC)C(OCC)=CC2=CC(CO)=C(CO)C=1C=1C=CN(CCOC)C(=O)C=1 QMYRXIWINUJUNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LSLYOANBFKQKPT-DIFFPNOSSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(2r)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C=1C=C(O)C=C(O)C=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LSLYOANBFKQKPT-DIFFPNOSSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VQDBNKDJNJQRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pirbuterol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(CO)=N1 VQDBNKDJNJQRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKHOPHIMYDJVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)phenyl] 2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)OC1=CC(OC(=O)C(C)C)=CC(C(O)CNC(C)(C)C)=C1 WKHOPHIMYDJVSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
Claims (18)
1. Farmaceutisk sammensætning omfattende aclidinium i form af et tørpulver af et farmaceutisk acceptabelt salt blandet med et farmaceutisk acceptabelt tørpulverbærestof, hvilken sammensætning tilvejebringer en afmålt nominel dosis aclidinium svarende til 400 pg (plus/minus 10 %) aclidiniumbromid til anvendelse ved inhalation i behandlingen af kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom.
2. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge krav 1, i form af en enkeltdosis tørpulverformulering omfattende en enkelt afmålt nominel dosis aclidinium svarende til 400 mikrogram (plus/minus 10%) aclidiniumbromid.
3. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge krav 1, i form af en multidosistørpulverformulering til administration i en multidosistørpulverinhalatoranordning kalibreret til at tilvejebringe en afmålt nominel dosis aclidinium svarende til 400 mikrogram (plus/minus 10 %) aclidiniumbromid.
4. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav hvor (a) det farmaceutisk acceptable salt af aclidinium er aclidiniumbromid, og/eller (b) det farmaceutisk acceptable bærestof er lactosepartikler.
5. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor vægtforholdet mellem aclidinium og bærestof er fra 1:25 til 1:75.
6. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge krav 5 hvor vægtforholdet mellem aclidinium og bærestof er fra 1:50 til 1:75.
7. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor (a) den gennemsnitlige partikelstørrelse for aclidinium er mellem 2-5 pm, og/eller (b) bærestofpartiklerne har en d10 på 90 - 160 pm, en d50 på 170 - 270 pm og d90 på 290 - 400 pm.
8. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge et hvilket som helst af de foregående krav, hvor den farmaceutiske sammensætning endvidere omfatter en effektiv mængde af ét eller flere supplerende aktive midler udvalgt fra 32-agonister, PDE IV-inhibitorer og kortikosteroider.
9. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge krav 8, hvor det supplerende aktive middel er udvalgt fra formoterol, salmeterol, budesonid og fluticasonpropionat, i fri eller farmaceutisk acceptabel saltform.
10. Farmaceutisk sammensætning til anvendelse ifølge krav 9 hvor (a) det supplerende aktive middel er formoterolfumarat i en mængde af 5-25 pg pr. dosis, eller (b) det supplerende aktive middel er formoterolfumarat i en mængde af 6 pg pr. dosis, eller (c) det supplerende aktive middel er formoterolfumarat i en mængde af 12 pg pr. dosis.
11. Aclidinium i fri eller farmaceutisk acceptabel saltform til anvendelse ved behandling af kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom hos en patient med behov for en sådan behandling, hvilken anvendelse omfatter administration ved inhalation én eller to gange dagligt af en afmålt nominel dosis aclidinium svarende til 400 pg (plus/minus 10 %) aclidiniumbromid.
12. Aclidinium i fri eller farmaceutisk acceptabel saltform til anvendelse ifølge krav 11, hvilken anvendelse omfatter administration af en farmaceutisk sammensætning ifølge et hvilket som helst af kravene 1 til 10.
13. Aclidinium i fri eller farmaceutisk acceptabel saltform til anvendelse ifølge krav 11 eller 12, hvilken anvendelse endvidere omfatter administration af en effektiv mængde af ét eller flere supplerende aktive midler udvalgt fra β2-agonister, PDE IV-inhibitorer og kortikosteroider.
14. Aclidinium i fri eller farmaceutisk acceptabel saltform til anvendelse ifølge krav 13, hvor det supplerende aktive middel er udvalgt fra formoterol, salmeterol, budesonid, og fluticasonpropionat, i fri eller farmaceutisk acceptabel saltform.
15. Aclidinium i fri eller farmaceutisk acceptabel saltform til anvendelse ifølge krav 14, hvor (a) det supplerende aktive middel er formoterolfumarat i en mængde af 5-25 pg pr. dosis, eller (b) det supplerende aktive middel er formoterolfumarat i en mængde af 6 pg pr. dosis, eller (c) det supplerende aktive middel er formoterolfumarat i en mængde af 12 pg pr. dosis.
16. Anvendelse af aclidinium i fri eller farmaceutisk acceptabel saltform i fremstillingen af et medikament til behandling af kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom hos en patient med behov for en sådan behandling, hvilken anvendelse omfatter administration ved inhalation én eller to gange dagligt af en afmålt nominel dosis aclidinium svarende til 400 pg (plus/minus 10 %) aclidiniumbromid.
17. Anvendelse ifølge krav 16, hvor anvendelsen omfatter administration af en farmaceutisk sammensætning som defineret i et hvilket som helst af kravene 1 til 10.
18. Multidosistørpulverinhalatoranordning omfattende aclidinium, der er kalibreret til at levere, efter aktivering, en afmålt nominel dosis aclidinium svarende til 400 mikrogram (plus/minus 10 %) aclidiniumbromid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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| EP08382010A EP2100599A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2008-03-13 | Inhalation composition containing aclidinium for treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| PCT/EP2009/001832 WO2009112274A2 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-03-13 | Novel dosage and formulation |
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| DK2265257T3 true DK2265257T3 (da) | 2015-11-23 |
| DK2265257T4 DK2265257T4 (da) | 2023-12-18 |
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| DK15173011.6T DK2954891T3 (da) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-03-13 | Inhalationssammensætning indeholdende aclidinium til behandling af astma |
| DK15173000.9T DK2954889T3 (da) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-03-13 | Inhalationssammensætning indeholdende aclidinium til behandling af kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom |
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| DK15173011.6T DK2954891T3 (da) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-03-13 | Inhalationssammensætning indeholdende aclidinium til behandling af astma |
| DK15173000.9T DK2954889T3 (da) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-03-13 | Inhalationssammensætning indeholdende aclidinium til behandling af kronisk obstruktiv lungesygdom |
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| AU (1) | AU2009224895B9 (da) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0905775B1 (da) |
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| MX (2) | MX2010008235A (da) |
| MY (1) | MY177027A (da) |
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| WO (1) | WO2009112274A2 (da) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201003900B (da) |
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| EP2100598A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-16 | Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. | Inhalation composition containing aclidinium for treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| EP2100599A1 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-16 | Laboratorios Almirall, S.A. | Inhalation composition containing aclidinium for treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| EP2510928A1 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-17 | Almirall, S.A. | Aclidinium for use in improving the quality of sleep in respiratory patients |
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