EP0006040A2 - Verfahren zur Regelung des Wasserstandes in Dampfkesseln oder Dampferzeugern - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Regelung des Wasserstandes in Dampfkesseln oder Dampferzeugern Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0006040A2
EP0006040A2 EP79400273A EP79400273A EP0006040A2 EP 0006040 A2 EP0006040 A2 EP 0006040A2 EP 79400273 A EP79400273 A EP 79400273A EP 79400273 A EP79400273 A EP 79400273A EP 0006040 A2 EP0006040 A2 EP 0006040A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
function
signal
level
linear
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP79400273A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0006040B1 (de
EP0006040A3 (en
Inventor
Pierre Ruiz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva NP SAS
Original Assignee
Framatome SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Framatome SA filed Critical Framatome SA
Publication of EP0006040A2 publication Critical patent/EP0006040A2/de
Publication of EP0006040A3 publication Critical patent/EP0006040A3/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0006040B1 publication Critical patent/EP0006040B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/004—Control systems for steam generators of nuclear power plants

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for regulating the water level in boilers or steam generators during operation and more particularly during the start-up phase.
  • the generator In the case of pressurized water steam generators, the generator consists of a large enclosure inside which are mounted tubes fixed on a tubular plate and conveying the primary fluid which is pressurized water .
  • the enclosure also receives food water coming to adjust the generator to a certain level and circulating in contact with the tubes carrying the primary fluid during its stay in the steam generator. This contact with the primary fluid tubes allows vaporization of the drinking water at the top of the steam generator, this steam being sent to the turbine and drinking water replacing the vaporized water in the steam generator. .
  • disturbing elements intervene to produce more or less significant variations in the water level.
  • These disturbing elements are, for example, the variations in the steam flow rate as a function of the power required from the turbine, the flow rate and the temperature of the feed water and the temperature of the primary circuit which also depend inter alia on the requested power level in relation to nominal power.
  • Other elements can also intervene accidentally during sudden load variations or faulty operation of the reactor.
  • the role of the automatic level control device is therefore to keep this water level in the steam generator as constant as possible despite these disturbing elements during the operation of the steam generator.
  • the level regulation device generally comprises an assembly allowing the measurement of the actual instantaneous level in the steam generator, the comparison of this level with a reference level, the elaboration of a deviation signal proportional to the difference between the measured water level and the reference level and the introduction of this signal into a regulator making it possible to modify the rate of intake of drinking water into the steam generator by means of valves. 0nually two valves are used, one of which is used for flows greater than 15 or 20 x the nominal water flow or 20%, and the other for flows between 0 and 15% / nominal water flow food.
  • the drinking water is itself recirculated by a circuit collecting the water recovered at the outlet of the turbine condenser and comprising a set of heaters recovering the residual heat of the steam before purging in the condenser.
  • the temperature of the drinking water is thus a function of the power level requested from the turbine.
  • the proportionality factor, or gain, by which we multiply the signal representing the level difference to develop the signal introduced into the regulator allowing the control of the valves is a linear function of the power level compared to the nominal power, c ' that is, the ratio of real power to nominal power.
  • c ' the ratio of real power to nominal power.
  • the linear variation in the loop gain is a function of the main parameter, i.e. the temperature of the drinking water, which directly influences the dynamics of the process and is representative of its level. charge.
  • a very low regulation loop gain is generally imposed at low load so as to ensure good damping.
  • the gain varies between 1 and 8 when the power goes from the value 0 to the nominal value.
  • the gain is minimal, which considerably reduces the performance of the regulating device.
  • This gain minimum does not effectively compensate for transient disturbances to which the installation may be submitted with the result of poorly controlled changes in the water level that pe '.vent have the effect of leaving the process to evolve dangerous areas of operation imposing the entry into action of the installation's security systems.
  • the supply of water by the low-flow valve used at low load may be insufficient and the steam demand causes a sudden drop in the water in the steam generator which can cause an emergency shutdown of the reactor.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose an improvement to the current process for regulating the water level in boilers or steam generators during operation and more particularly during the start-up phase, in which the flow rate is affected.
  • intake of drinking water through a difference signal proportional to the difference between the actual measured water level and a reference level, the proportionality or gain factor being a linear function of the level of the boiler or steam generator power compared to its nominal power, an improvement which makes it possible to control energetic actions at low load, to carry out fully automatic starts, to improve damping at maximum load, to reduce wear adjustment members, for example the valves, by reducing their stress in steady state and avoiding resumption in manual control in the event of excessive disturbance.
  • the single figure schematically represents the control chain associated with the valves for the intake of drinking water into a steam generator of a pressurized water reactor.
  • the steam generator is shown diagrammatically at 1, this generator being supplied with pressurized water by a circuit 2 in communication with the vessel of the nuclear reactor.
  • the steam generator also receives food water at 3 via a circuit 4 and produces steam which is sent to the upper part by a circuit 5 in a steam collector 6 which supplies steam to the turbine. 7.
  • the steam condenses in a condenser 8 which feeds a circuit 9 in which the recovered water is sent by pumps 10 in heaters 12 receiving their calories from the steam leaving the different stages of the turbine.
  • the food water returns to the supply circuit 4 to be admitted via valves 14 and 15, with a controlled flow rate, into the steam generator 1 at 3.
  • the valve 14 is a high flow valve and the valve 15 mounted in bypass with respect to the valve 14 is a low flow valve.
  • the valves 14 and 15 can be used alternately depending on the feed water flow rate requested from the steam generator.
  • valves 14 and 15 form part of a device 16 making it possible to supply the steam generator with drinking water in a controlled manner.
  • a temperature tap 18 making it possible to measure the temperature of the drinking water and to continuously supply a signal proportional to this temperature to a function generator 19 which generates, from this temperature T, a function f 1 (T), in the form of a signal which is sent to a signal multiplier 20 which also receives a signal representing the value ⁇ of the difference between the actual water level in the steam generator and a level of reference.
  • the signal ⁇ is generated by a comparator device 21 which receives on the one hand a signal sent by a device 22 for measuring the water level in the steam generator and on the other hand a reference signal produced by a signal generator 23 from the vapor pressure at the first stage of the turbine and representative of the power of the turbine.
  • Amplifier 20 amplifies the signal representing ⁇ with a gain equal to f 1 (T).
  • the signal representing ⁇ is taken from a branch circuit and sent to a function generator 24 which generates a resulting signal ⁇ xf 2 ( ⁇ ), or f 2 ( ⁇ ) is a function which will be defined ci below.
  • the signal representing ⁇ xf 2 ( ⁇ ) is sent to an adder 25 which also receives from amplifier 20 the signal representing ⁇ xf 1 (T).
  • the summator 25 therefore restores a signal representative of the function ⁇ [[f 1 (T) + f 2 ( ⁇ )] to ⁇ [f 1 (T) +
  • This signal is received by a regulator 26 of series structure which allows the control of the device 16 for supplying water to the steam generator.
  • a form regulator can be retained.
  • the temperature T of the drinking water is itself a function of the level of thermal power requested from the steam generator, so that the function f 1 (T) is also a function of this power level W where West the thermal power instant requested from the steam generator and Wn the nominal power.
  • the signal generated by the function generator 19 is therefore representative of a function f 1 ( ).
  • the function f 1 is a linear function of W.
  • this function is chosen within its variation range in order to have suitable damping during normal operation of the steam generator, that is to say outside the start-up periods or when there is a large variation in the regulation parameters.
  • valves 14 and 15 which constitute the adjustment elements will be little stressed during normal operation of the steam generator. A significant damping in steady state and in the absence of disturbances is obviously linked to a low precision during this period but this precision is sufficient since the disturbances are then low.
  • this function is symmetrical with respect to the origin 0, that is to say that this function takes opposite values for values + ⁇ and - ⁇ .
  • This odd-symmetric function of ⁇ makes it possible to take into account the absolute value of ⁇ and to treat in the same way the positive and negative difference signals of the same amplitude, if at the level of the summator 25 we add to the function fl ( ) the absolute value of the function f2 ( ⁇ ).
  • the signal sent to the regulator 26 and used for controlling the flow control device 16 then has a significant value to the detriment of the damping, which makes it possible to vary very quickly and with a large amplitude, the intake flow from drinking water in the steam generator. We can then easily follow the demand for drinking water and avoid the activation of safety devices.
  • valve 14 when the feed water flow rates requested from the steam generators are high, the valve 14 is used and when these flow rates are low, the valve 15. In practice, the valve 15 is used, at low flow rate, for flows between 0 and 15 X of the nominal flow and the valve 14 for flows greater than 15% of the nominal flow.
  • the generator 24 therefore operates in a bounded domain - ⁇ o + ⁇ o within which a corrective term is given to the linear gain to allow an effective action of the regulation device in the case of large transients, this corrective term being limited to the value
  • the device according to the invention allows automatic regulation of the water level in the steam generator both in steady state and during transients of large amplitude, for example at the start of the installation which can be performed fully automatically by adding to the signal linear with respect to the power level of a corrective signal non-linear function of the level difference.
  • the choice of a serial structure of the regulator allowing a serial injection of the difference signal makes it possible to take full advantage of the characteristics of the two difference functions.
  • the corrective signal produced by the function generator / can no longer be added to the linear signal fl ( ) but serve as a multiplier for this signal, the summator 25 being replaced by an amplifier making it possible to multiply the gain fl ( ) by f2 ( ⁇ ).
  • the function f2 being a function with odd symmetry, the gain fl will be multiplied by the absolute value of f2 ( ⁇ ). Extremely wide gain variations can be obtained in this way.
  • the function generator 24 can generate a function of ⁇ of any type different from what is shown in the figure provided that this function f2 ( ⁇ ) keeps low values for ⁇ near 0 and takes values important as soon as ⁇ deviates from this value, this function f2 ( ⁇ ) not being a linear function of the difference ⁇ .
  • the method according to the invention can be applied to installations comprising any number of steam generators, an adjustment device being associated with each of these generators which may include a common water supply circuit.
  • the invention can also be applied to boilers or steam generators apart from those used in the field of nuclear reactors, if the field of use of these boilers or steam generators has areas of instability in which it is desired however, the system maintains acceptable dynamic performance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
EP79400273A 1978-05-25 1979-04-27 Verfahren zur Regelung des Wasserstandes in Dampfkesseln oder Dampferzeugern Expired EP0006040B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7815505A FR2426933A1 (fr) 1978-05-25 1978-05-25 Procede de regulation du niveau d'eau dans les chaudieres ou generateurs de vapeur
FR7815505 1978-05-25

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0006040A2 true EP0006040A2 (de) 1979-12-12
EP0006040A3 EP0006040A3 (en) 1980-01-23
EP0006040B1 EP0006040B1 (de) 1981-03-18

Family

ID=9208669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79400273A Expired EP0006040B1 (de) 1978-05-25 1979-04-27 Verfahren zur Regelung des Wasserstandes in Dampfkesseln oder Dampferzeugern

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4275447A (de)
EP (1) EP0006040B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS5517091A (de)
BE (1) BE876553A (de)
DE (1) DE2960193D1 (de)
ES (1) ES480835A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2426933A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA792373B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0067497A3 (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-10-05 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Feedwater control system
WO1989009996A1 (en) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-19 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Automatic steam generator control at low power

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4470948A (en) * 1981-11-04 1984-09-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Suppression of malfunction under water-solid conditions
US4521371A (en) * 1981-12-16 1985-06-04 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Vessel liquid level indication
US4551796A (en) * 1983-06-03 1985-11-05 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Liquid level control system for vapor generator
US4534320A (en) * 1984-03-01 1985-08-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for determining the amount of dissolved oxygen from above and below water level air leakage in a steam power plant
US4770841A (en) * 1986-10-08 1988-09-13 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Methods and apparatus for dynamic systems control
US5024802A (en) * 1990-10-22 1991-06-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Method for steam generator water level measurement
US5249551A (en) * 1991-04-09 1993-10-05 Kirkpatrick William J Steam generation system mass and feedwater control system
US5459675A (en) * 1992-01-29 1995-10-17 Arch Development Corporation System for monitoring an industrial process and determining sensor status
US5410492A (en) * 1992-01-29 1995-04-25 Arch Development Corporation Processing data base information having nonwhite noise
FR2700026B1 (fr) * 1992-12-30 1995-02-10 Framatome Sa Procédé et dispositif de réglage d'un processus.
US5541969A (en) * 1994-08-24 1996-07-30 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Midloop water level monitor
US5761090A (en) * 1995-10-10 1998-06-02 The University Of Chicago Expert system for testing industrial processes and determining sensor status
JP6553847B2 (ja) * 2014-06-04 2019-07-31 三菱重工業株式会社 給水制御装置および給水装置
CN112366012B (zh) * 2020-10-23 2022-05-03 岭东核电有限公司 蒸汽发生器的水位预警方法、装置、终端设备及存储介质
CN112682770B (zh) * 2020-12-25 2022-12-27 中广核研究院有限公司 直流式蒸汽发生器压力控制方法及系统
JP7770222B2 (ja) * 2022-03-25 2025-11-14 三菱重工業株式会社 給水制御システム、給水制御装置、給水制御方法及びプログラム
CN115264485B (zh) * 2022-09-27 2023-01-13 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 一种超临界锅炉储水罐水位自动控制系统

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3837167A (en) * 1973-06-07 1974-09-24 Babcock & Wilcox Co Control system for a two boiler, single turbine generator power producing unit
US3931500A (en) * 1973-11-13 1976-01-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation System for operating a boiling water reactor steam turbine plant with a combined digital computer and analog control
JPS5812443B2 (ja) * 1975-01-31 1983-03-08 株式会社東芝 タ−ビンセイギヨソウチ
BE829567A (fr) * 1975-05-28 1975-11-28 Acec Installation de reglage d'admission d'eau alimentaire secondaire au bas d'un generateur de vapeur
US4061533A (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-12-06 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Control system for a nuclear power producing unit
US4120159A (en) * 1975-10-22 1978-10-17 Hitachi, Ltd. Steam turbine control system and method of controlling the ratio of steam flow between under full-arc admission mode and under partial-arc admission mode

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0067497A3 (en) * 1981-03-02 1983-10-05 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Feedwater control system
WO1989009996A1 (en) * 1988-04-14 1989-10-19 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Automatic steam generator control at low power

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5517091A (en) 1980-02-06
EP0006040B1 (de) 1981-03-18
ES480835A1 (es) 1979-11-16
ZA792373B (en) 1980-12-31
DE2960193D1 (en) 1981-04-16
JPS6138362B2 (de) 1986-08-29
US4275447A (en) 1981-06-23
FR2426933A1 (fr) 1979-12-21
EP0006040A3 (en) 1980-01-23
FR2426933B1 (de) 1980-09-19
BE876553A (fr) 1979-11-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0006040B1 (de) Verfahren zur Regelung des Wasserstandes in Dampfkesseln oder Dampferzeugern
CA1094233A (fr) Procede de controle des effets de reactivite dus aux variations de puissance dans les reacteurs nucleaires a eau pressurisee
FR2585407A1 (fr) Dispositif pour commander la circulation de l'air de refroidissement d'une turbine a gaz
EP0605304B1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines Prozesses
FR2631382A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour faire fonctionner une centrale combinee
FR2489879A1 (fr) Systeme de commande automatique pour turbine a vapeur
FR2796503A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de charge de plusieurs cellules electrochimiques
EP2798642B1 (de) Verfahren zur steuerung eines druckwasser-kernreaktors
FR2489480A1 (fr) Dispositif de commande du niveau d'eau d'un deaerateur
WO2024084168A1 (fr) Systeme d'alimentation en hydrogene d'une turbomachine et dispositif de regulation d'un tel systeme d'alimentation en hydrogene
EP4203227A1 (de) Verfahren zur steuerung einer an ein stromnetz gelieferten leistung unter verwendung eines kraftwerksmodells
FR2476210A1 (fr) Dispositif d'alimentation en combustible et de regulation de la viscosite de ce combustible
EP0034969B1 (de) Verfahren zur Regelung der an eine Turbine gelieferten Siedewasserreaktorleistung
BE1004376A3 (fr) Systeme de production de vapeur et procede de fonctionnement.
EP0692751A1 (de) Vorhersagemethoden und unscharfe Logik verwendende Methode und Vorrichtung zur Regelung eines Parameters innerhalb eines zulässigen Bereichs
EP0040160B1 (de) Verfahren zur Druckregelung des Primärkreislaufes eines Druckwasserkernreaktors während der Stillsetzungphasen
WO2011154528A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de démarrage ou d'arrêt d'un moteur à turbine à gaz
CH621603A5 (de)
EP3408723A1 (de) Drucksteuerungssystem, brennstoffzellenanordnung und verwendung des besagten steuerungssystems
CH630440A5 (en) Control device for a steam turbine installation
EP3017453B1 (de) Verfahren zur steuerung eines druckwasserkernreaktors während eines verlängerten reaktorzyklus
FR2596538A1 (fr) Dispositif perfectionne pour reduire le trainage de position d'un systeme copiant non lineaire pour une boucle de regulation
EP3885671A1 (de) System zur temperaturregelung eines kryogenen fluids
FR2565324A1 (fr) Systeme de regulation pour generateur de vapeur chauffe par un fluide
FR2269233A1 (de)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): CH DE GB IT

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): CH DE GB IT

17P Request for examination filed
ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Designated state(s): CH DE GB IT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 2960193

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19810416

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19940314

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19940318

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19940419

Year of fee payment: 16

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19950427

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19950430

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19950427

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19960201

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT