EP0061093B1 - Râcle pour l'impression en creux au moyen de couches d'impression en matière plastique - Google Patents

Râcle pour l'impression en creux au moyen de couches d'impression en matière plastique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0061093B1
EP0061093B1 EP82102004A EP82102004A EP0061093B1 EP 0061093 B1 EP0061093 B1 EP 0061093B1 EP 82102004 A EP82102004 A EP 82102004A EP 82102004 A EP82102004 A EP 82102004A EP 0061093 B1 EP0061093 B1 EP 0061093B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
doctor blade
printing
hard
steel
plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82102004A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0061093A1 (fr
Inventor
John Dr. Lynch
Albert Dr. Elzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to AT82102004T priority Critical patent/ATE13994T1/de
Publication of EP0061093A1 publication Critical patent/EP0061093A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0061093B1 publication Critical patent/EP0061093B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
    • B41N10/00—Blankets or like coverings; Coverings for wipers for intaglio printing
    • B41N10/005—Coverings for wipers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F9/00—Rotary intaglio printing presses
    • B41F9/06—Details
    • B41F9/08—Wiping mechanisms
    • B41F9/10—Doctors, scrapers, or like devices
    • B41F9/1072—Blade construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/10—Intaglio printing ; Gravure printing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of doctor blades consisting essentially of steel in gravure printing processes in which a plastic printing layer is used.
  • gravure printing generally uses a printing cylinder made of a steel core with a copper jacket, on the surface of which the so-called "Ballard” skin is applied as the actual printing layer.
  • This Ballard skin is a chrome-plated copper-metal layer in which there are recesses (cups) necessary for the absorption of color.
  • the printing takes place in such a way that the printing cylinder first passes through an ink trough and then past a knife-shaped squeegee, as a result of which the cells are filled with ink, but the surface color is scraped off again by the raised webs.
  • the printing cylinder then runs over the material to be printed using a counter-pressure roller, the ink being drawn out of the cells.
  • Print quality and undisturbed printing largely depend on the quality and correct setting of the squeegee.
  • the steel rakein used in today's gravure printing practice grind against the hard Ballard skin of the printing cylinder during the printing process. Attempts to increase the service life of these doctor blades by chrome-plating the knives were not without problems, since the effort and the effect achieved were not economically related to one another.
  • Today, steel doctor blades with a stepped facet shape are predominantly used in gravure printing, in which the running surface of the doctor blade lying against the printing layer remains constant even when sanded.
  • the number of copies in rotogravure printing is generally limited by the uniform slow abrasion of the chrome layer of Ballard skin or Rss / P by destroying this chrome layer by flaking off fine scales and is on average about 500,000 to 5,000,000 cylinder revolutions.
  • This conventional gravure printing combines a long service life and very good print quality and, in comparison to other printing processes, enables considerably better halftone reproduction. Due to the very complicated and complex production of printing cylinders (applying a copper layer to the steel cylinder, mechanical or chemical engraving of the copper layer, chrome plating of the engraved copper layer), the use of gravure printing is limited to those applications in which high print quality and large Number of copies required. It is desirable to further develop the gravure printing process in use today in such a way that it can be used economically in a wider and more varied manner than before.
  • the steel squeegees in the form of stepped facets do not grind to the setting angle set in the printing press without damaging the plastic printing layer.
  • the usual steel squeegees often cause scratch marks in the plastic print layer due to the formation of sharp burrs, holes, tips etc. and cause high abrasion of this layer, which limits the number of runs for quality rotogravure printing to approximately 5,000 to 50,000 cylinder rotations becomes.
  • GB-A-1 241 554 proposes to use spring steel doctor blades, which are bent along one edge, to avoid scratches on the cylinder surface during gravure printing. No information is given about the hardness of the spring steel to be used. In practice, however, it has been shown that the folding of the steel doctor blades also prevents the formation of scratches and scuffs in gravure printing processes in which plastic printing layers are used, to a sufficient extent to achieve the desired and required large print runs.
  • the object of the invention is demented speaking, to show an improvement for the gravure printing process working with plastic printing layers, which makes it possible to largely avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to achieve considerably larger print runs than before without having to accept losses in print quality.
  • the invention thus relates to the use of a doctor blade with sufficient bending elasticity, a surface hardness of at least 350 (Vickers hardness according to DIN 50133) and rounded bevel edges in gravure printing processes in which a plastic printing layer is used.
  • a doctor blade is used, the bevel of which is ground to the plastic printing layer in accordance with the angle of attack.
  • a doctor blade which consists either of a hard, fine-grained spring steel or of a multi-phase steel core, the surface of which is coated with a correspondingly hard material.
  • doctor blade with the combination of shape and material properties according to the invention. If, in gravure printing with plastic printing layers, the commercially available doctor blades made of mostly multi-phase spring steel with a crystallite structure are used for gravure printing, even with rounding off the bevel edges and even grinding the bevel, only a small number of copies will be achieved depending on the angle of attack on the printing layer. The comparatively strong interactions between the plastic print layer and the steel doctor blade cause parts to break out of the doctor blade. This process-B. that starts from parts of the chamfer, spreads out so that holes, grooves and burrs are created, which lead to heavy wear of the plastic print layer.
  • the doctor blade has a stepped facet shape, the lamella (1) of the doctor blade being provided with a coating (2) made of a hard material.
  • the chamfer (3) of the squeegee is rounded at the bevel edges (4, 5), the degree of rounding being given by the radius of curvature (r).
  • the bevel grinding angle (x) is advantageously based on the angle of attack of the doctor blade on the plastic printing layer.
  • the doctor blade thickness is marked with (a), the lamella width with (b) and the lamella thickness with (c).
  • the bevel edges of the doctor blades must be rounded.
  • the chamfer surface should be as error-free and smooth as possible and can advantageously also be completely rounded. Squeegees with rounded bevel edges, in which the bevel is ground to the plastic printing layer in accordance with the angle of attack, are particularly favorable.
  • the squeegee angle that arises in the printing press is influenced by the frictional resistance between the squeegee chamfer and the plastic printing surface and by the squeegee line pressure, the squeegee line pressure, which must be set to clean the doctoring off of the ink, generally fluctuate between 2 and 5 N / cm due to the surface tolerance can.
  • the doctor blade angle cannot be kept constant in practice and the bevel angle of the doctor blade is preferably not ideally adapted to the conditions in the printing press.
  • the most favorable bevel grinding angle under the given conditions in a printing press is familiar or easy to determine to the person skilled in the art, whereby bevel grinding angles of about 60 to 65 "have often proven to be suitable.
  • doctor blades whose bevel edges have radii of curvature between 10 and 70 ⁇ m, preferably between 20 and 40 ⁇ m, for the rest, the shape of the doctor blade is largely uncritical, but for practical reasons the usual stepped facet doctor blades are generally preferred.
  • the rakein to be used according to the invention for rotogravure printing with a plastic printing layer should - in the same way as the conventional squeegees for conventional rotogravure printing - have sufficient bending elasticity, i.e. the squeegees must be pliant enough to withstand surface thickness fluctuations (surface tolerances) in the plastic printing layer balance.
  • the bending elasticity is determined both by the geometry factors of the doctor blade and by the modulus of elasticity of the materials used for the manufacture of the doctor blade. To the geometry factors ge In addition to the doctor blade thickness and, in the case of stepped facet doctor blades, hear the blade thickness and blade width, the clamping length of the doctor blade in the printing press.
  • the geometric factors of the squeegees commonly used in conventional gravure printing have also proven themselves for the squeegees to be used according to the invention, which essentially consist of steel.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the doctor blade material is advantageously equal to or greater than approximately 2100 N / mm 2 (measured according to DIN 50 145).
  • the flexural elasticity of the squeegee should not be significantly influenced by the hard surface coating.
  • the hard surface coating usually has a layer thickness in the range from 1 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the doctor blade should at least superficially have a hardness (measured according to DIN 50 133) . of at least 350 (Vickers hardness). Surprisingly, it has been found that the doctor blade damage to the plastic printing layer is less, the harder the surface of the doctor blade used.
  • the required surface hardness of the doctor blades to be used according to the invention can, for. B. can be achieved in that the squeegee is made uniformly from a correspondingly suitable hard material. But it is also possible to use a doctor blade made of a softer core. exists, which is coated with a suitable hard material. For practical reasons, the thickness of this hard surface layer is limited to small and large values.
  • the thickness of the coating should generally not be less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the limitation to large values here is given by the brittleness of the coating materials and the necessary bending elasticity of the doctor blade.
  • the upper limit for the thickness of the hard coating is generally about 20 J.Lm. It is particularly advantageous if the coating has a thickness of 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the doctor blade to be used according to the invention or, in the case of the coated doctor blades, the doctor blade core preferably consists of a suitable steel.
  • the uncoated rakein which consist consistently of one material, the fine-grained hard steels with spring steel properties are particularly suitable here.
  • the steel core consists in particular of a multi-phase steel with a crystallite structure, as is used, for example, for the manufacture of the doctor blades used in today's gravure printing practice.
  • any materials can be used for coating, provided that they meet the required hardness requirements, can be firmly adhered to the steel core of the doctor blade, without splintering or chipping under the stress given in the printing process, and becoming an error-free smooth surface, free of burrs, Have grooves, tips etc. processed.
  • hard metals such as nickel, chromium, manganese and others are suitable as hard coating materials.
  • Hard metal alloys, hard carbides such as titanium or chromium carbide or ceramic materials can also be used for the coating.
  • the hard surface layer can be applied to the steel core of the doctor blade according to the generally known and customary methods.
  • the metal coating is advantageously produced by electrodeposition of the metals.
  • coated rakein has the advantage that the squeegees customary for conventional gravure printing - after rounding off the bevel edges and a corresponding coating with a hard surface material - can also be used for gravure printing with plastic printing layers.
  • the choice of the material from which the squeegee and / or the hard surface layer of the squeegee is made may depend on. a. also on the type of plastic from which the plastic print layer is built. Such doctor blades are advantageously used, which have good sliding properties on the plastic printing layer, i. H. whose frictional resistance to the plastic is low.
  • the doctor blades with the rounded bevel edges, sufficient bending elasticity and a hard surface are used in the known gravure printing methods described in the introduction, in which a plastic printing layer is used.
  • the plastics which are customary and customary for this application can be used as plastics for producing the plastics printing layer.
  • the plastics must meet a number of requirements in a known manner: they must and should be chemically resistant to the inks used in gravure printing, in particular the solvents used for these inks, primarily toluene and petrol, but also water, alcohol, esters or ketones if possible, have a swelling of less than 5% by weight in these solvents when stored for several days; So that the ink is not pressed out of the cells due to deformation of the cell webs, the deformation of the plastic printing layer generated by the pressure of the doctor blade must be small compared to the cell depth.
  • the solvents used for these inks primarily toluene and petrol, but also water, alcohol, esters or ketones if possible, have a swelling of less than 5% by weight in these solvents when stored for several days; So that the ink is not pressed out of the cells due to deformation of the cell webs, the deformation of the plastic printing layer generated by the pressure of the doctor blade must be small compared to the cell depth.
  • the ball indentation hardness of the plastic print layer (measured according to DIN 53 456) should generally be greater than 10 N / mm 2 .
  • the ball indentation hardness of the plastic print layer (measured according to DIN 53 456) should generally be greater than 10 N / mm 2 .
  • polyamides and polyamide-based printing plates polymerized unsaturated polyesters and photopolymer printing plates based on unsaturated polyester resins
  • linear saturated polyesters such as polyethylene, or polybutylene terephthalate
  • Polyformaldehyde Polyimides and polyamideimides
  • Polyurethane coatings such as modified polyurethane or polyester coatings
  • Melamine formaldehyde or phenol formaldehyde resins In principle, less suitable plastics can also be used, provided that they are coated with z.
  • siloxanes, polyimides or crosslinked polyurethanes are provided to improve the chemical resistance and the sliding properties.
  • doctor blade according to the invention not only makes it possible to use a considerably larger number of plastics for the production of the plastic printing layer in gravure printing, but it can also have a 10- in comparison to the previous gravure printing processes which work with a plastic printing layer. fold or even greater improvement in the number of copies can be achieved without having to accept disadvantages in the printing properties. This makes it possible to use gravure printing, which uses plastic printing layers, economically wherever low print runs are required.
  • An intaglio printing plate was produced in a manner known per se from a photopolymer printing plate based on polyamide and printed with a printing machine from Albert, Frankenthal.
  • a doctor blade a commercially available steel doctor blade in the form of stepped facets, as is customary for conventional gravure printing, was used without rounding off the bevel edges and without a hard metal coating. After 4000 revolutions of the cylinder, stripes were clearly visible in the printed image; after approximately 40,000 cylinder revolutions, a clear decrease in the tone density could be determined.
  • a gravure printing plate produced according to Example 1 was tested in an abrasion tester from Burda.
  • Standard steel squeegees in the form of stepped facets (blade thickness 135 wm, blade width 3 mm, blade thickness 225 ⁇ m, chamfer grinding angle 60 to 65 ° or blade thickness 80 ⁇ m, blade width 1 mm, wheel thickness 165 ⁇ m, chamfer grinding angle 60 to .65 °) were also used as doctor blades Chamfer edges and without hard surface coating. After approximately 50,000 squeegee runs, the printing form showed deep scratches and a decrease in the volume of the cells.
  • a gravure form was produced from a polyformaldehyde ( 8 Ultraform H 2320 from BASF) by engraving with a helioclischograph.
  • the printing form was tested as in comparative test B. After approximately 50,000 squeegee passes, deep scratches and a decrease in the volume of the cells were found.
  • the gravure printing form used in comparative test B was tested in the same abrasion tester from Burda, but this time the bevel edges of the squeegees were rounded and the lamellae of the squeegees were chrome-plated. After about 500,000 squeegee runs, the printing form was completely undamaged.
  • a step-faced doctor blade made of a multi-phase steel with a crystallite structure was nickel-plated until a nickel layer of 8 ⁇ m was deposited.
  • the nickel-plated doctor blade was carefully removed and rounded off and used in the abrasion tester from Burda. In this case too, the gravure form described in comparative experiments A and B was used. After about 500,000 squeegee runs, the printing form was undamaged except for one scratch.
  • a gravure printing plate which had been produced in accordance with comparative test C was tested with a nickel-plated doctor blade as described in Example 2. After 500,000 squeegee runs, only slight abrasion was observed.
  • a stepped facet squeegee made of a multi-phase steel with a crystallite structure was galvanically hard chrome-plated, so that its surface consisted of an approximately 5 ⁇ m thick chrome layer.
  • the chrome-plated doctor blade was pulled off and rounded off and inserted into the abrasion tester.
  • a corresponding gravure form as described in comparative experiments A and B was used. After 500,000 doctor blade passes, the printing form was undamaged.
  • Example 4 With the chrome plating described in Example 4 In the doctor blade, a rotogravure form made from polyformaldehyde (comparative test C) was tested in an abrasion tester. In this case too, the printing form was undamaged after 500,000 squeegee passes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rotary Presses (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Utilisation d'une racle à biseaux arrondis, élasticité de pliage suffisante et dureté superficielle d'au moins 350 (dureté Vickers selon DIN 50 133), dans le procédé par héliogravure, où l'on travaille avec des couches d'impression en matière plastique.
2. Utilisation d'une racle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait que la racle est affutée selon l'angle d'incidence sur la couche d'impression en matière plastique.
3. Utilisation d'une racle selon les revendications 1 à 2, caractérisée par le fait que la racle est essentiellement en acier.
4. Utilisation d'une racle selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que la racle est en acier dur, à grains fins, à caractéristiques de l'acier à ressort.
5. Utilisation d'une racle selon la revendication 3, caractérisée par le fait que la racle est constituée d'un coeur en acier à plusieurs phases, et d'une couche superficielle dure, 1 à 20 µm d'épaisseur.
6. Utilisation d'une racle selon la revendication 5, caractérisée par le fait que la couche superficielle de la racle est formée de métaux durs, alliages métalliques durs, carbures durs ou matières céramiques dures.
EP82102004A 1981-03-20 1982-03-12 Râcle pour l'impression en creux au moyen de couches d'impression en matière plastique Expired EP0061093B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82102004T ATE13994T1 (de) 1981-03-20 1982-03-12 Rakel fuer den tiefdruck mit kunststoffdruckschichten.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19813110842 DE3110842A1 (de) 1981-03-20 1981-03-20 Rakel fuer den tiefdruck mit kunststoff-druckschichten
DE3110842 1981-03-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0061093A1 EP0061093A1 (fr) 1982-09-29
EP0061093B1 true EP0061093B1 (fr) 1985-06-26

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82102004A Expired EP0061093B1 (fr) 1981-03-20 1982-03-12 Râcle pour l'impression en creux au moyen de couches d'impression en matière plastique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0061093B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE13994T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3110842A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19908847A1 (de) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-07 Itw Morlock Gmbh Farbtopf für eine Tampondruckmaschine
DE19908849A1 (de) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-07 Itw Morlock Gmbh Farbtopf für eine Tampondruckmaschine
WO2024149482A1 (fr) * 2023-01-11 2024-07-18 Clouth Sprenger Gmbh Lame de revêtement pour la finition de la surface de papier et de carton

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE437683B (sv) * 1982-10-13 1985-03-11 Inventing Ab Schaber eller rakel - anliggande mot valsen - vid exv tryck-, ferg-, eller kreppning
JPS59192571A (ja) * 1983-04-18 1984-10-31 Toray Ind Inc 凹版印刷版使い印刷用ドクタ−
DE3335230A1 (de) * 1983-09-29 1985-04-11 Wilfried 7014 Kornwestheim Philipp Tampondruckmaschine
SE447362B (sv) * 1985-06-14 1986-11-10 Kanthal Dev Ab Schaberklinga
JP2540519B2 (ja) * 1986-07-17 1996-10-02 三菱重工業株式会社 インキ供給装置のドクタブレ−ド
US5099783A (en) * 1990-04-17 1992-03-31 Graco Inc. Doctor blade cap
DE4024514A1 (de) * 1990-08-02 1992-02-06 Marina Kinkel Rakeln fuer druckmaschinen
US5638751A (en) * 1994-10-26 1997-06-17 Max Daetwyler Corporation Integrated doctor blade and back-up blade
FR2733720B1 (fr) * 1995-05-05 1997-07-25 Heidelberg Harris Sa Lame de machine rotative a imprimer offset
DE29718387U1 (de) * 1996-10-25 1998-01-22 Koenig & Bauer-Albert Aktiengesellschaft, 97080 Würzburg Rakel für eine Rotationsdruckmaschine
DE29718388U1 (de) * 1996-10-25 1997-12-18 Koenig & Bauer-Albert Aktiengesellschaft, 97080 Würzburg Farbkasten
US7152526B2 (en) 2002-01-29 2006-12-26 Nihon New Chrome Co., Ltd. Surface treated doctor blade
CH699600A1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2010-03-31 Daetwyler Swisstec Ag Rakel.
CH699702A1 (de) * 2008-10-07 2010-04-15 Daetwyler Swisstec Ag Diamantbeschichtete Rakel.
DE102011007391B3 (de) * 2011-04-14 2012-07-19 Koenig & Bauer Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinders einer Druckmaschine
EP3165367A1 (fr) 2015-11-04 2017-05-10 BTG Eclépens S.A. Racloir, agencement d'encrage et utilisation d'un racloir dans l'impression flexographique
DE102021103315A1 (de) * 2021-02-12 2022-08-18 TKM Meyer GmbH Rakel

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2404689A (en) * 1945-01-16 1946-07-23 Aspinook Corp Doctor blade
US2534320A (en) * 1946-05-16 1950-12-19 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Apparatus for coating paper
GB1241554A (en) * 1967-11-27 1971-08-04 Courtaulds Ltd Gravure printing machine
BE795033A (fr) * 1972-02-09 1973-05-29 Daetwyler & Co M Racle pour machines d'heliogravure
DE2509837A1 (de) * 1974-04-24 1975-11-06 Xerox Corp Verfahren zum farbtraenken einer oberflaeche
DE2914878A1 (de) * 1979-02-22 1980-10-23 Wilfried Philipp Tiefdruckmaschine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19908847A1 (de) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-07 Itw Morlock Gmbh Farbtopf für eine Tampondruckmaschine
DE19908849A1 (de) * 1999-03-01 2000-09-07 Itw Morlock Gmbh Farbtopf für eine Tampondruckmaschine
WO2024149482A1 (fr) * 2023-01-11 2024-07-18 Clouth Sprenger Gmbh Lame de revêtement pour la finition de la surface de papier et de carton

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0061093A1 (fr) 1982-09-29
DE3110842A1 (de) 1982-09-30
DE3264379D1 (en) 1985-08-01
ATE13994T1 (de) 1985-07-15

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