EP0127732A2 - Système d'enregistrement d'informations - Google Patents

Système d'enregistrement d'informations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0127732A2
EP0127732A2 EP84102490A EP84102490A EP0127732A2 EP 0127732 A2 EP0127732 A2 EP 0127732A2 EP 84102490 A EP84102490 A EP 84102490A EP 84102490 A EP84102490 A EP 84102490A EP 0127732 A2 EP0127732 A2 EP 0127732A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
information
area
record
error
alternative
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84102490A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0127732A3 (en
EP0127732B1 (fr
Inventor
Mikito Ogata
Masahito Mori
Takashi Doi
Michio Miyazaki
Takafumi Oka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Publication of EP0127732A2 publication Critical patent/EP0127732A2/fr
Publication of EP0127732A3 publication Critical patent/EP0127732A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0127732B1 publication Critical patent/EP0127732B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
    • G11B20/1883—Methods for assignment of alternate areas for defective areas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
    • G11B20/1816—Testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
    • G11B20/1833—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs by adding special lists or symbols to the coded information
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
    • G11B20/10—Digital recording or reproducing
    • G11B20/18—Error detection or correction; Testing, e.g. of drop-outs
    • G11B20/1816—Testing
    • G11B2020/183—Testing wherein at least one additional attempt is made to read or write the data when a first attempt is unsuccessful
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B2220/00—Record carriers by type
    • G11B2220/20—Disc-shaped record carriers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an information recording method and system, and more particularly to an information recording and reproducing method and system which is effective to a rotating type information storage apparatus having an alternative area for a record error area on a recording medium.
  • a magnetic tape apparatus and a magnetic disk apparatus are representative ones of auxiliary storage apparatus in a computer system.
  • recorded information is checked by a read-after-write method when the information is written, and if a record error is detected, the recorded information in the record error area is erased and the information is rewritten starting from an area following to the record error area.
  • the magnetic disk apparatus if a record error is detected by the read check immediately after the write operation, the information is rewritten into an alternative area associated with the record error area.
  • the data in the record error area is invalidated and if the readout of the data in the record error area is subsequently requested, the alternative area is accessed.
  • the optical disk apparatus uses a rotary disk having a metal film on a surface thereof as an information storage medium, and in a write operation, a laser beam modulated with the information is irradiated to form pits in the metal film, and in a read operation, a laser beam which is not so strong to fuse the metal film is irradiated and the presence or absence of the pit is determined based on the magnitude of the reflected light. Accordingly, in the optical disk apparatus, unlike the magnetic storage apparatus, it is not possible to rewrite the information in the previeously recorded area.
  • the information is recorded by forming the pits in the metal film by irradiating the laser beam, a variation easily occurs in the pits in the metal film depending on recording time point due to factors such as degradation of a laser beam source, a change of a condition of a recording medium by a temperature and a change of a condition of the metal film.
  • a record area which can be correctly read by one apparatus may not always be correctly read by the same apparatus because of an aging of the apparatus or by another apparatus.
  • a severer discrimination criterion than that of a conventional read operation is applied to the read check for the recorded information, and if a record error area which does not meet the criterion is detected, correct information must be rewritten into an alternative area.
  • the access method of the conventional magnetic disk apparatus in which the error area is invalidated and the alternative area is to be accessed is employed in the optical disc apparatus, a frequency of access from the normal record area to the alternative area is high and a long access time is required.
  • an information recording system for recording information on a recording medium, thereafter reading out the recorded information, and if a record error area which does not meet a predetermined criterion is detected, rewriting the information for the record error area in another area on the recording medium with the information in the record error area being left valid.
  • the information for the record error area is rewritten in the alternative area while the information in the record error area is kept valid on the recording medium.
  • ECC Error Checking and Correction
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an information record format of an optical disk. 1024 cocentric or spiral tracks are formed on each surface of an optical disk D. In Fig. 1 , the tracks are spiral and track numbers T 0 - T 1023 are designated thereto form the outermost one to the innermost one.
  • Fig. 2 shows a record format in one track.
  • Each track comprises m blocks B 0 - B m-1 corresponding to sectors and each block includes an ID field and a data field.
  • the ID field primarily contains information representing physical positions (track numbers and a block number) of the block and the data field contains, for example, 512-byte data and associated information such as error correction codes.
  • the blocks B 0 to B m-4 are original record areas in which normal user data are stored. These blocks are hereinafter referred to as a normal block NB.
  • the four blocks B m-3 to B m-1 following to the block B m-4 are alternative blocks which are used as alternative blocks for record error blocks of the normal block in the track. These blocks are hereinafter referred to as an alternative block AB.
  • Fig. 3 shows a configuration of an optical disk controller which controls writing and reading of information to and from the normal block NB and the alternative block AB.
  • Numeral 1 denotes an interface controller for controlling transmission of signals to and from a higher level unit (CPU channel)
  • numeral 2 denotes a microprocessor for operating elements of the optical disk controller in a predetermined sequence in accordance with commands from the higher level unit
  • numeral 3 denotes a memory for storing microinstructions which define control operations by the microprocessor 2
  • numeral 4 denotes a buffer memory having a capacity which is at least one track of data of the optical disk
  • numeral 5 denotes a write circuit which modulates a data read from the buffer memory 4 and supplies it to an optical head circuit
  • numeral 6 denotes a read circuit which demodulate an output signal s 10 from the optical head circuit 10 and transfers it to the buffer memory 4
  • numeral 7 denotes a selector for selecting an input/output bus of the buffer memory 4. It select
  • Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of the read circuit 6 shown in Fig. 3.
  • the information recorded on the optical disk D is detected by irradiating a weak laser beam focused at a track position and converting a change in an intensity of a reflected light due to the presence or absence of the pit to an electrical signal.
  • the detected signal is supplied to a VFO circuit 31 as an output signal S 10 of the optical head circuit 10.
  • the output of the VFO circuit 31 is demodulated by a demodulator 32 and an output thereof is supplied to one of buffer memories 34A and 34B through a selector 33, thence sent out to a signal line 22 or 39 through a selector 36.
  • the buffer memories 34A and 34B each has a memory capacity of one block of data shown in Fig. 2 and they are used as a two-plane buffer for the one-track buffer memory 4, as will be explained later.
  • the output of the demodulator 32 is supplied to the buffer memory 34A (or 34B) and also transferred to an ECC syndrome generator 37 which generates an ECC syndrome.
  • an ECC correction circuit 38 reads in that data and the ECC syndrome from the circuit 37 and corrects the data by ECC as required and rewrites the corrected data into the buffer memory 34A (or 34B) through the selector 33.
  • the ECC correction circuit 38 is operated in one of the following modes depending on a control signal 24A from the microprocessor 2.
  • the first mode is executed in a normal read operation.
  • the ECC correction circuit 38 corrects the data from the buffer memory 34A (or 34B) by the ECC and the corrected data is supplied to the microprocessor 2 through a signal line 24B.
  • the signal line 24B assumes a low level
  • the signal line 24B assumes a high level.
  • the second mode is executed in a read operation for a write error check.
  • the ECC correction circuit 38 does not correct the data from the buffer memory 34A (or 34B) but supplies the syndrome output to the signal line 24B.
  • the signal line 24B again assumes the high level when the data contains an error and assumes the low level when the data contains no error.
  • the buffer memory 34A is outputted to the signal line 39 and corrected
  • the new data from the next block on the optical disk is written into the other buffer memory 34B and the previous data of the buffer 34B is outputted to the signal line 22.
  • the data of the buffer memory 34B is corrected, the data of the next block on the optical disk is sent to the buffer memory 34A and the corrected block data is outputted to the signal line 22.
  • the data read from the optical disk are sent to the one-track buffer memory without interruption.
  • the write operation and the read operation of the information to and from the optical disk are carried out under the control of the above control system in the following manner.
  • the data is written into the disk D one track at a time by buffering the data received from the higher level unit into the one-track buffer memory 4 through the interface controller 1.
  • one track of correct data is written into the normal block NB or the alternative block AB.
  • the writing of the data into the alternative block is effected based on the error decision mode when the ECC correction circuit 38 is operated in the second mode and the data of the normal block for the error block is not erased but retained in the optical disk. Accordingly, the normal block which was determined as the error block and the alternative block of which was set has possibility to be correctly read by the ECC correction in the next read operation.
  • the normal information read operation from the optical disk is carried out in the following manner.
  • Fig. 5A it is assumed that the data is written into the blocks B 0 - B n-4 in one track. It is assumed that error blocks are detected as shown in Fig. 5A in the read-after-write check. Symbols x indicate the error blocks and symbols o indicate normal blocks. In the write operation of the present invention, alternative areas are allotted to those error blocks and the data are rewritten into the alternative areas. In the illustrated example, a copy of the block B 1 is rewirtten into the alternative block B m-3 , a copy of the block B 2 is rewritten into the block B m-2 , and a copy of the block B 4 is rewritten into the block B m-1 . Since the error check is made in the second mode, a possibility remains that some of the blocks B i , B 2 and B 4 which were determined as the error blocks and the copies of which were rewritten in the alternative areas may be correctly read by the ECC.
  • the blocks B l and B 4 in Fig. 5B are now indicated by symbols o because they are corrected by the ECC or they were incidentally determined as the error blocks in the previous read-after-write check.
  • the blocks B 1 and B 4 now read can be used as they are and the substitution by the alternative areas B m-3 and B m-1 is not necessary.
  • only the block B 2 which is still the error block after the ECC correction is substituted by the corresponding alternative block B m-2 . So long as the blocks B 1 and B 2 can be read, the alternative blocks B m-3 and B m-1 are not used and will be used when the blocks B 1 and B 2 can no longer be read by aging.
  • the error areas are rewritten into the alternative areas block by block and substituted by the alternative areas block by block.
  • it is not essential to use the alternative areas block by block and the data may be used in a smaller unit (for example, an ECC block unit).
  • ECC block unit for example, an ECC block unit.
  • the present invention is also applicable to a system in which alternative areas are allotted to a different track from the original track, or a system in which alternative areas are allotted to the end of the original track until data overflows the alternative areas and after the overflow, other alternative areas are allotted to a different track from the original track.
  • a flag indicating the presence of the alternative area may be set at the beginning of the corresponding normal block.
  • the access time can be reduced by referring the flag.
  • the data is checked immediately after the write operation and the alternative area is allocated.
  • the read check and the allocation of the alternative area may be separated from the write operation. For example, after a considerable time has elapsed since the data was written so that the data is degraded such that it can be read after several times of trial, the alternative area may be set.
  • the write error check is conducted under a severe criterion and the alternative area is set, and in the read operation, the possibility is left that the information may be read from the area which was determined as the error area and for which the alternative area was set. Accordingly, when a recording medium in which the read error intermittently occurs is used, the frequency of the access to the alternative area is reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Optical Recording Or Reproduction (AREA)
EP84102490A 1983-03-11 1984-03-08 Système d'enregistrement d'informations Expired - Lifetime EP0127732B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58039213A JPS59165207A (ja) 1983-03-11 1983-03-11 情報記録方式
JP39213/83 1983-03-11

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0127732A2 true EP0127732A2 (fr) 1984-12-12
EP0127732A3 EP0127732A3 (en) 1987-01-07
EP0127732B1 EP0127732B1 (fr) 1991-11-21

Family

ID=12546855

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84102490A Expired - Lifetime EP0127732B1 (fr) 1983-03-11 1984-03-08 Système d'enregistrement d'informations

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4638472A (fr)
EP (1) EP0127732B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59165207A (fr)
DE (1) DE3485278D1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3704898A1 (de) * 1986-02-20 1987-08-27 Sharp Kk Diskettenaufzeichnungs-pruefverfahren
DE3728857A1 (de) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-10 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Informationsprozessor fuer substitutionsverarbeitung
EP0261918A3 (en) * 1986-09-22 1988-10-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method of recording indicia for indicating presence or absence of error in medium after error checking and apparatus therefor
EP0240231A3 (fr) * 1986-04-01 1989-08-16 Hewlett-Packard Company Appareil et méthode pour l'enregistrement et la lecture numérique magnétique
US4907226A (en) * 1986-09-05 1990-03-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Disk write error recovery system
EP0416968A3 (en) * 1989-08-02 1992-01-15 Fujitsu Limited Array disk system and method of writing and reading data in array disk system
US11733878B1 (en) 2022-03-29 2023-08-22 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Data error correction for magnetic disks

Families Citing this family (32)

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JPS62173677A (ja) * 1986-01-28 1987-07-30 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 記憶装置
JPS62175969A (ja) * 1986-01-28 1987-08-01 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 記憶装置
US4958314A (en) * 1986-02-18 1990-09-18 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Information recording/reproducing apparatus
JP2650891B2 (ja) * 1986-04-16 1997-09-10 株式会社日立製作所 回転形記憶装置の制御方法
JPS62267926A (ja) * 1986-05-16 1987-11-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 消去可能な光デイスク装置
JPS636628A (ja) * 1986-06-27 1988-01-12 Hitachi Ltd 情報記録制御方式
AU600280B2 (en) * 1986-07-02 1990-08-09 Sony Corporation Apparatus for optically recording and reproducing information in record tracks on a rotatable record disc
JP2574765B2 (ja) * 1986-07-09 1997-01-22 株式会社日立製作所 光磁気デイスク装置
US4889979A (en) * 1986-08-15 1989-12-26 Drexler Technology Corporation Method for extending life of optically recorded information
JPS6381659A (ja) * 1986-09-26 1988-04-12 Olympus Optical Co Ltd 情報処理装置
EP0272029B1 (fr) * 1986-12-19 1993-09-15 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Disque optique effaçable et appareil pour enregistrer et reproduire optiquement des informations comprenant un dispositif pour gérer les secteurs défectueux
US4821253A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-04-11 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Optical disk and optical disk apparatus with error correction
JPH0711850B2 (ja) * 1987-06-30 1995-02-08 株式会社東芝 磁気記録装置
US5124851A (en) * 1987-09-18 1992-06-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Data recording apparatus with recorded data verifying means
JPH0642301B2 (ja) * 1987-12-15 1994-06-01 シャープ株式会社 記憶媒体の欠陥管理方式
JPH087948B2 (ja) * 1987-12-28 1996-01-29 キヤノン株式会社 情報記録再生方法
US5285440A (en) * 1988-03-18 1994-02-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Magneto-optic disk
JPH02148127A (ja) * 1988-11-29 1990-06-07 Hitachi Ltd 磁気ディスク制御装置
JP2848528B2 (ja) * 1989-02-16 1999-01-20 オリンパス光学工業株式会社 光ディスクドライブ装置
JPH0447568A (ja) * 1990-06-15 1992-02-17 Teac Corp 磁気テープ装置におけるデータ読み取り方法
US5233584A (en) * 1990-09-04 1993-08-03 International Business Machines Corporation Optical disk device using high and low data-sensing criteria plus device recalibration for error control
JPH04370572A (ja) * 1991-06-18 1992-12-22 Pioneer Electron Corp 記録媒体及びこれを用いたビデオ信号記録再生方法
US5388087A (en) 1991-07-11 1995-02-07 Hitachi, Ltd. Recording and reproducing apparatus including changing a reproduction characteristic when an error has occurred in reproduced data
JPH05324489A (ja) * 1992-05-15 1993-12-07 Toshiba Corp 記憶装置
US5995306A (en) * 1996-01-26 1999-11-30 Exabyte Corporation Handling defective frames on hard sectored magnetic tape
JPH10312650A (ja) * 1997-05-14 1998-11-24 Ricoh Co Ltd 光ディスク記録装置
US7034859B2 (en) * 2002-08-08 2006-04-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical scanning device and image forming apparatus using the same
JP2004206861A (ja) * 2002-12-13 2004-07-22 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 空き領域の検索方法および検索装置、記録済み領域の配置の検証方法および検証装置
US7965596B2 (en) * 2004-06-21 2011-06-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Defect management for real-time information
US20060168499A1 (en) * 2005-01-27 2006-07-27 Edwards Jathan D Data archive verify software
KR102687571B1 (ko) * 2019-10-31 2024-07-24 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 메모리 시스템 및 컨트롤러
US11211094B1 (en) * 2021-05-11 2021-12-28 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Data storage device duplicating an ECC sub-block in downstream ECC super-block

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US4145758A (en) * 1977-10-25 1979-03-20 Drexler Technology Corporation Error checking method and apparatus for digital data in optical recording systems
US4202018A (en) * 1978-09-27 1980-05-06 Soundstream, Inc. Apparatus and method for providing error recognition and correction of recorded digital information
US4371930A (en) * 1980-06-03 1983-02-01 Burroughs Corporation Apparatus for detecting, correcting and logging single bit memory read errors
JPS5792411A (en) * 1980-11-28 1982-06-09 Sony Corp Pcm signal processor
JPS57105814A (en) * 1980-12-22 1982-07-01 Fujitsu Ltd Error correction processing system for magnetic disc device
JPS5837847A (ja) * 1981-08-31 1983-03-05 Sony Corp 光学式デイスク再生装置
JPS5885909A (ja) * 1981-11-14 1983-05-23 Sony Corp デイスク・プレ−ヤ
US4546462A (en) * 1981-12-04 1985-10-08 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Optical data recording and reproducing apparatus
US4458349A (en) * 1982-06-16 1984-07-03 International Business Machines Corporation Method for storing data words in fault tolerant memory to recover uncorrectable errors

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3704898A1 (de) * 1986-02-20 1987-08-27 Sharp Kk Diskettenaufzeichnungs-pruefverfahren
US4958337A (en) * 1986-02-20 1990-09-18 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Disk recording checking method for determining if a disk is defective by the number of errors present
EP0240231A3 (fr) * 1986-04-01 1989-08-16 Hewlett-Packard Company Appareil et méthode pour l'enregistrement et la lecture numérique magnétique
DE3728857A1 (de) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-10 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Informationsprozessor fuer substitutionsverarbeitung
US4835757A (en) * 1986-08-29 1989-05-30 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba System for recording information onto disk medium
US4907226A (en) * 1986-09-05 1990-03-06 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Disk write error recovery system
EP0261918A3 (en) * 1986-09-22 1988-10-26 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method of recording indicia for indicating presence or absence of error in medium after error checking and apparatus therefor
US4872154A (en) * 1986-09-22 1989-10-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method for recording indicia for indicating presence or absence of error in medium after error checking and apparatus therefor
EP0416968A3 (en) * 1989-08-02 1992-01-15 Fujitsu Limited Array disk system and method of writing and reading data in array disk system
US5793727A (en) * 1989-08-02 1998-08-11 Kazuhiko Ishibashi Array disk system and method of writing and reading data in array disk system
US11733878B1 (en) 2022-03-29 2023-08-22 Western Digital Technologies, Inc. Data error correction for magnetic disks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4638472A (en) 1987-01-20
EP0127732A3 (en) 1987-01-07
JPH0427626B2 (fr) 1992-05-12
EP0127732B1 (fr) 1991-11-21
DE3485278D1 (de) 1992-01-02
JPS59165207A (ja) 1984-09-18

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