EP0455831B1 - Gekräuseltes multifilament und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen filaments - Google Patents

Gekräuseltes multifilament und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0455831B1
EP0455831B1 EP90917689A EP90917689A EP0455831B1 EP 0455831 B1 EP0455831 B1 EP 0455831B1 EP 90917689 A EP90917689 A EP 90917689A EP 90917689 A EP90917689 A EP 90917689A EP 0455831 B1 EP0455831 B1 EP 0455831B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
multifilament
filament
crimped
spinning
polyamide
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EP90917689A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0455831A4 (en
EP0455831A1 (de
Inventor
Tadashi Koyanagi
Hironori Hamada
Umio Endoh
Teruhiko Matsuo
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Asahi Kasei Corp
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
    • D01D5/23—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool by asymmetrical cooling of filaments, threads, or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/60—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
    • D02G1/004—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by heating fibres, filaments, yarns or threads so as to create a temperature gradient across their diameter, thereby imparting them latent asymmetrical shrinkage properties

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a crimped multifilament having a crimp a shape of which is random (hereafter referred to a random crimp) and a method for manufacturing the same.
  • the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention may be included a tow to be used for manufacturing a staple fiber.
  • this invention relates to a random crimped multifilament not obtained by a mechanical treatment such as a falsetwist treatment, but. can be obtained by a method based on a high speed spinning method, and which can usefully use as a multifilament or a staple fiber, and a method for manufacturing the same at a lower cost.
  • a crimped filament obtained by applying a fiber of a thermoplastic polymer with a mechanical treatment such as a falsetwist treatment or a stuffing box type crimping treatment has been broadly used in a form of a multifilament or a spun yarn for a carpet.
  • a production speed of the crimped multifilament in the mechanical treatment is between several hundreds m/min and 3,000 m/min at most, accordingly the manufacture of the crimped multifilament performed by, the mechanical treatment has a high production cost and requires excessive energy and a manual operation and results in an extremely high cost of the obtained crimped multifilament.
  • U.S. Patents No. 4,542,063 corresponding to Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 64-6282 and No. 4,415,726 corresponding to Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 64-8086 disclosed a matter that when a polyamide polymer or a polyester polymer is spun by a high speed spinning method, a molecular orientation and a crystallization increase with an increase of a spinning speed, and a multifilament just after spinning has sufficient mechanical properties which is substantially equal to those of an conventional multifilament manufactured by a low speed spinning and drawing method, and a woven fabric and a knitted fabric can be manufactured from this multifilament without applying a drawing treatment.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 55-107511 and The Society of Fiber Science and Technology, Vol. 37, No. 4 (1981) T135 - T142 disclosed a method of obtaining a crimped multifilament by applying a biased cooling to a polyester multifilament with an air having a low temperature in a high speed spinning process of 8000 m/min or more.
  • a filament constituting the polyester multifilament disclosed in the above publication has a structure having a difference of a birefringence between an outside layer and an inside layer in a cross section, and an eccentric distribution of the birefringence biased from a fiber axis of the filament, and then a weak spiral crimp appears in the filament just after spinning.
  • the filament obtained in accordance with this publication has also an excess growth of crystal, as apparently shown in a crystal structure obtained by a wide-angle X-ray diffractometry. Accordingly even if a heat treatment is further applied to the filament, it is impossible to obtain a random crimp and the spiral crimp is retained, and thus a useful crimped multifilament could not be obtained. Further when a method disclosed in U.S. Patents No. 4,238,439 and No. 4,619,803 is used for spinning a polyamide at a high speed, the obtained result is the same as that of the above case.
  • U.S Patents No. 4,038,357 and No. 4,301,102 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 62-23816 disclosed a method of "Spin Texturing" in which a crimped multifilament is obtained by applying an aqueous liquid to multifilament before setting to a solid. A distribution of birefringence index having substantially eccentric state is generated in those methods of applying a crimp, and a crimped multifilament having a spiral shape can be obtained.
  • U.S. Patents No. 4,038,357 and No. 4,301,102 relate to a polyamide multifilament and only disclosed one using a spinning and taking speed of 2,300 m/min at most.
  • a distribution of the birefringence having an eccentric state in this case is caused by asymmetrical cooling using a crossing air current and is substantially the same as that in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 4,238,439.
  • the application of the aqueous liquid in this case intend only to sufficiently impregnate the filament in the aqueous liquid, and then the crimped multifilament obtained by the methods disclosed in those publications have a spiral crimp having a tendency of turning in a reverse direction, even if a liquid injecting treatment is applied. Accordingly, the obtained multifilament has a weak crimp elasticity and when the multifilament is used in a carpet, it is impossible to obtain sufficient bulkiness.
  • the Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) 62-23816 relates to a polyester multifilament and discloses a method of cooling a multifilament extruded at a spinning speed of 6,000 m/min or more at a vicinity of a point where slenderization of the extruded filament is completed by on a liquid. Also in the above method, a spiral crimp is generated due to a remarkably grown crystal caused by the high-speed spinning. Accordingly it is impossible to apply a random crimp to the filament even if a subsequent heat treatment is applied.
  • the FR-A 1,517,632 discloses the production of a crimped fiber at a spinning rate of at most 600 m/min and cooling with air.
  • the obtained fiber has helical crimps.
  • known methods for manufacturing a crimped multifilament which are based on a high-speed spinning at a spinning speed of around 4000 m/min or more, provide a spiral crimped filament having a lower bulkiness and resiliency, but fails to provide a crimped filament having a random shape sufficient for practical used due to the excess growth of the crystal, even if the subsequent heat treatment such as liquid injecting treatment is applied. Namely, in case that the multifilament having a spiral crimp is used for a carpet yarn, it is easily allowed to extend the spiral crimp during a tufting process and hence a covering property of the carpet falls short.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a crimped multifilament of a thermoplastic synthetic fiber having a random crimp a fastness of which is superior.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a polyamide crimped multifilament having a random crimp a fastness of which is superior and a smooth surface.
  • a third object of the present invention is to provide a polyester crimped multifilament having a random crimp a fastness of which is superior.
  • a fourth object of the present invention is to provide a polyester staple fiber having a random crimp a fastness of which is superior.
  • a fifth object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a polyamide crimped multifilament having a random crimp a fastness of which is superior and a smooth surface.
  • a sixth object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a polyester crimped multifilament having a random crimp a fastness of which is superior.
  • the present inventors have investigated energetically to find that although a crystal growth is suppressed in the filament spun at a high-speed under a specified cooling condition, a subsequent heat-treatment allows a crystal structure to grow up to a size equal to that of a filament spun at a higher speed of 4000 m/min or more in general.
  • the obtained random crimped filament has a smooth surface, and a superior fastness to crimp due to, a highly groan crystal structure which is a specific feature of the filament spun at the higher speed and a specific distribution of a birefringence index, thus the present invention is completed.
  • the primary object of the present invention can be attained by
  • An essential feature of a crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention is that a filament constituting the multifilament has a random shaped crimp.
  • the random crimp in the present invention means a three-dimensional crimp having no torque and in which each crimp is irregularly generated, and thus the random crimp is clearly distinguished from torque type crimp obtained by a false-twist treatment and a spiral crimp obtained by a composite spinning or a mechanically rubbing method.
  • Figure 1(A) shows a photograph of the random crimp in accordance with the present invention
  • Fig 1(B) is a view of schematically showing the photograph of Fig. 1(A).
  • Fig. 2 is a view illustrating schematically a spiral crimp to compare the random crimp shown in Fig. 1(B).
  • the random shape of the crimp is a factor applying sufficient resilience for a stretching operation and a compressing operation to the filament. It is unsuitable to use the spiral crimp for a carpet due to an inferior compression properties and a lack of rigidity. It is required that a number of crimp of 3.9 per cm (10 per inch) or more are applied to the filament of the multifilament in accordance with the present invention. When the number of crimp is under 3.9 per cm (10 per inch), it is impossible to satisfy the compression properties in the carpet. Further when a staple fiber is made by cutting the crimped multifilament, a lot of carding waste is generated in a carding process and thus a processability becomes inferior.
  • an extensibility of the crimp should be 10% or more as well as the appropriate number of crimps.
  • the crimped filament in accordance with the present invention has a extensibility of 10% or more providing the number of crimps 3.9 per cm (10 per inch) or more, which satisfies the foregoing requirements.
  • the crimps has the number of crimps 5.9 per cm (15 per inch) or more, and an extensibility of 20% to 50%.
  • the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention has a specific distribution of a birefringence index that a birefringence index measured at an outer layer of the filament constituting the multifilament is larger than that of a birefringence index measured at a central portion of the filament, and a position having a smallest value of the birefringence index deviates from the center axis of the filament.
  • the distribution and the eccentricity of the birefringence index can be observed according to a method using a transmission interference microscope and which is described in detail latter.
  • the distribution of birefringence index can be measured from U-letter type or V-letter type interference bands as shown in Fig. 3(A) and Fig. 3(B).
  • a lower point LP of an interference band removes from a central axis X-X of the filament.
  • Fig. 4(A) is a photo of the cross section of the dyed filament in accordance with the present invention. As shown in Fig. 4(A), a permeating area of the dyestuff is greatly deviated from a geometrical center in the cross section.
  • Fig. 4(B) shows a microphotograph of a cross section of a dyed filament of a conventional crimped multifilament.
  • the fastness to crimp of the multifilament in accordance with the present invention becomes superior due to the above-mentioned specific distribution of birefringence index.
  • thermoplastic polymer in the present invention means a polyamide such as a nylon 66, a nylon 6, a nylon 12 or a nylon 46, a polyester such as a polyethylene terephthalate, a polybutylene terephthalate or a polyethylene isophthalate as well as a fiber formable polymer such as a polypropylene or a polyethylene. If necessary, an additive such as an antistat, a delustering agent or a flame retarder may be included.
  • the present invention presents superior effects in particular when applied to a polyamide or a polyester.
  • the birefringence indexes of the filament have preferably a difference of 5 x 10 -3 to 45 x 10 -3 between the outer layer and an internal layer and a distribution deviated from a center of the filament.
  • the difference ⁇ ( ⁇ n) of the birefringence indexes in the cross section is less than 5 x 10 -3 , the number of crimp become insufficient and thus the object of the present invention cannot be attained.
  • a crystal growth rate of the filament obtained by a wide-angle X-ray diffractometry is preferably 0.2 or more.
  • a crystal perfection index is 70% or more.
  • the crystal growth rate and the crystal perfection index can be measured by a latterly described method using a wide-angle X-ray diffractometry.
  • the crystal growth rate is an indication expressing a degree of crystal growth. The nearer to 1 the value of the crystal growth rate comes, the bigger the crystal growth is. It is apparent that the crystal in the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention is extremely grown, by the fact that a value of the crystal growth rate of a conventional filament manufactured by a lower speed spinning and drawing process is 0.15 or less. A preferable crystal growth rate is 0.25 or more.
  • the crystal perfection index means an indication expressing mainly a size of crystal and the nearer to 100% the value of the crystal perfection index, the heighest perfection of the crystal is. It is apparent that the crimped multifilament is accordance with the present invention has an extremely higher crystal perfection index by the fact that a polyamide multifilament manufactured by a lower speed spinning and drawing process has the crystal perfection index of 40% to 60%.
  • the polyamide crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention have not completely a spherulite and thus a smoothness on a surface of the filament is superior.
  • a lot of spherulites are generated or the surface of filaments due to high crystallization speed, and thus the smoothness of the surface of filament is impaired, and the filament is devitrificated. Accordingly, it is impossible to have a clearer color development and a superior luster from the dyed filament.
  • the smoothness of a filament surface can be easily observed by a conventional electromicroscope having a magnification of 500 to 2000.
  • Fig. 5 shows an electro micrograph of a nylon 66 crimped filament, with no spherulites in the crimped filament in accordance with the present invention as shown in Fig. 5(A), and generation of the spherulites is confirmed in a conventional crimped filament as shown in Fig. 5(B).
  • thermoplastic polymer A case using a polyester represented by a polyethylene terephthalate and a polybutylene terephthalate as the thermoplastic polymer will be explained hereafter.
  • the birefringence indexes of the filament have preferably a difference of 20 x 10 -3 to 100 x 10 -3 between the outer layer and the inner layer and a distribution deviated from a center of the filament.
  • the difference of the birefringence index is 30 x 10 -3 or more, a superior crimp can be generated.
  • the obtained crimp has a superior fastness to crimp.
  • the crystal growth rate of the polyester can be measured by latterly described method, the nearer to 1 the value of crystal growth rate comes, the bigger the crystal growth is. It is apparent that the crystal in the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention is extremely grown by the fact that a value of the crystal growth rate of a conventional filament manufactured by a lower speed spinning and drawing process is 0.3 or less. A preferable crystal growth rate is 0.5 or more.
  • the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention can be obtained by simultaneously satisfying the three following factors.
  • the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention can show superior bulkiness and fastness to crimp or the basis of the above structure.
  • the fastness to crimp is expressed as a resistance against a stretching stress applied to the filament and a recovering force of the crimp under a load.
  • the crimped multifilament is used as a state of a bulked continuous filaments, i.e., B.C.F. to a carpet, even if excess stretching stress is applied to the filament during a twisting process and a tufting process, there is little lowering of the crimp and superior bulkiness is remained.
  • the recovery force of the crimp is also superior.
  • the crimped multifilament becomes to a mutually crowded state and then the crimped multifilament is applied with restriction caused by a load corresponding to 0.2 m/g.
  • B.C.F. is supplied from a wound package and B.C.F. is rewound from the package and tufted.
  • the crimp in B.C.F. decreases greatly due to creep generated in the package. Accordingly, when the recovery force of crimp is weak, the crimp do not sufficiently recover due to the restriction after the tufting process and thus properties of the carpet becomes remarkably inferior.
  • the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention can recover again the crimp thereof by a boiling water treatment and even if the multifilament is under the restriction, the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention has superior recovery force of the crimp over that of the conventional B.C.F.
  • the crimped multifilament in this case, mentioned as a tow
  • stretch of the crimp is very small and thus a good carding processability can be expected.
  • a cross section of the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention is not limited to a circle, a yarn having an odd cross section such as a trilobate or a square, or a hollow yarn can be used.
  • a denier of a filament is not particularly specified either, subject to around 50 g/9000 m (50 d) or less.
  • an entanglement may be applied to the crimped filament.
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of a spinning and heat-treating apparatus of implementing a manufacturing method in accordance with the present invention.
  • Filaments 13 extruded from a spinneret 2 mounted on a spinhead 1 are cooled by a cooling air chamber 4.
  • the filaments are asymmetrically cooled by applying an aqueous liquid from an aqueous liquid applicator 50 to one side of the filaments. In this case, the aqueous liquid is applied to the filaments which are separated each other.
  • the filaments 13 are converged and oiled by an oiling nozzle 6, and then taken up by a high-speed take-up roll 7. Subsequently, the filaments 13 are relaxation-heat treated by a heat-treating apparatus 8 to obtain a random crimp, imparted an entanglement by means of a cooling drum 9 and an entangling nozzle 10, and through a tension control roll 11 wound up to a package 12.
  • a liquid injecting nozzle is used as the heat-treating apparatus 8.
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows the apparatus in Fig. 5 further provided with a drawing means, in which the filaments 13 are drawn between a take-up roll 7 and a drawing roll 7'.
  • Figs. 8 and 9 are schematic drawings of carrying out the water applying operation in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 8(A) is a schematic front view of a separating nozzle separating the filaments from each other
  • Fig. 8(B) is a sectional view taken at the line E-E' in Fig. 8(A)
  • Fig. 9(A) shows an example of a roll method in which filaments are aligned in a plane and then the aqueous liquid is applied to one side of the plane of filaments
  • Fig. 9(B) shows an example of a nozzle method applying the liquid water to converged filaments from one side thereof.
  • the filaments extruded from the spinneret should be air-cooled, should be supplied with aqueous liquid in the region where the filaments are cooled down to a temperature of 100°C, to thereby cool asymmetrically, and should be spun at a spinning rate of 4000 m/min or more.
  • the difference ⁇ ( ⁇ n ) in the birefringence indexes between the outer layer and the inner layer of the filament section is not allowed to enlarge which is the object of the present invention, and the difference ⁇ ( ⁇ n ) in the birefringence indexes which has once occurred may be caused to disappear by the subsequent drawing or the like. Further, in the filament after heat-treating, the crystal is prevented from fully growing, resulting in the shortage of fastness to crimp of the obtained crimped filaments.
  • the spinning speed at which the object of the present invention can be achieved is within the range of 5000 m/min to 8000 m/min. In case of the spinning speed of 8000 m/min or more, it is possible to obtain multifilaments of the invention by subjecting to an extremely great volume of aqueous liquid, whereas plenty of aqueous liquid must be required to adjust the crystal growth rate of the filament, bringing about a scattering of the aqueous or other trouble.
  • the most desirable spinning speed is 5500 to 7500 m/min.
  • the remarkable feature of the present invention lies in the fact that the filaments extruded from the spinneret are air-cooled, and supplied with aqueous liquid before the temperature of the filaments reaches 100°C or below, thus conducting an asymmetrical cooling.
  • the object of the present invention is not to be achieved regardless of the volume of water to be applied or other conditions.
  • the temperature of the filaments is higher than 100°C at the time of applying the aqueous liquid, so the difference ⁇ ( ⁇ n ) in the birefringent indexes enlarges. Nevertheless, the temperature above 250°C of the filaments causes trouble such as a breakage of the filaments during the application of the aqueous liquid. Therefore, the preferred temperature of the filaments is within the range of 250°C to 100°C.
  • a polymer In a melt spinning, a polymer is generally extruded from the spinneret at a temperature of 260°C to 320°C.
  • cooling of the filament previous to the application of an aqueous liquid is carried out through a cooling air, which is generally employed in the melt extrusion.
  • the position of the filaments relative to the spinneret where the filaments have a temperature of 100°C or more which is suitable for executing the present invention differs depending on the spinning speed and fineness of the filament. Supposing the spinning speed is 4000 m/min or more, and the fineness is 1 to 5 g/9000 m (1 to 5 denier) which is normally used for clothing, it is within about 100 cm below the spinneret.
  • the aqueous liquid of the present invention is therefore within the above range.
  • a temperature of the filament applied with the aqueous liquid is 100°C or more, preferably 130°C or more.
  • a filament having a fineness of 10 to 30 g/9000 m (10 to 30 denier) is used for carpets.
  • the application of the aqueous liquid is carried out at a position within about 300 cm below the spinneret.
  • polyester in the case of polyamide there is not generally seen a rapid slenderizing of the yarn diameter during the spinning process at the high-speed spinning under the condition free from any application of aqueous liquid.
  • a distinctive slenderizing was observed at the applying point of the aqueous liquid. in other words, it has been definitely shown by the present invention for the first time that the application of the aqueous liquid to the filament under a high-temperature causes compulsive appearance of the slenderizing point.
  • a temperature of the filament applied with the aqueous liquid is 150°C or more, when the spinning speed is above around 6000 m/min, it is known that there is observed a rapid slenderizing of the yarn diameter during the spinning process (Journal of Textile Society, pp. 499-507, No. 11 (1982), Vol. 38).
  • the aqueous liquid of the present invention is applied at a position of about 5 cm or more above the slenderizing position as a reference point (neck point), preferably, at about 5 cm or more preferably 10 cm or more above it.
  • the aqueous liquid is applied at a position within 65 cm (at this position, a temperature of filament is around 150°C or more) below the surface of the spinneret, preferably, within 60 cm (at this point, a temperature of filament is around 200°C or more) below it.
  • aqueous liquid for cooling filaments in the present invention water or a normal spinning lubricant emulsion is available.
  • water may be used.
  • the lower the temperature of the aqueous liquid the better. Nevertheless, the present invention can be accomplished without cooling below the normal temperature in particular.
  • a method of applying the aqueous liquid in a state that the filaments are separated from each other, a method of applying the aqueous liquid in a state that the filaments are arranged in a plane, or a method of applying the aqueous liquid in a state that several or ten several filaments are converged can be used for the application of the aqueous liquid.
  • the method of applying the aqueous liquid in the state that the filaments are separated from each other can be preferably used for the polyamide multifilament constituted with filaments having a denier of around 10 denier or more.
  • this method is referred to as the "separated nozzle method".
  • Fig. 8(A) shows an example of the separated nozzle method.
  • Each filament is independently applied with the aqueous liquid by a group of nozzles 5a arranged in a mutually separated state.
  • FIG. 8(B) which is a sectional view taken along the line E-E' of Fig. 8(A) is shown.
  • a top end of the nozzle is formed to a sharp shape and this shape is a suitable shape to make a resistance caused by contact with the filaments to small and to cool asymmetrically the filaments.
  • the method of applying the aqueous liquid in the state that the filaments are arranged in the plane can be preferably used for the polyester multifilament constituted with a filament having a denier of around 10 g/9000 m (10 denier) or less.
  • this method is referred to as the "Roll method”.
  • Fig. 9(A) shows an example of the roll method. It is preferable that a resistance caused by contact with the filament is small. Accordingly a diameter of the roll may be determined in a range of 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • a method of applying the aqueous liquid in a state that several or ten several filaments are converged can be preferably used for the multifilament constituted with filaments having a denier of 1 to 5 g/9000 m (1 d to 5 d). In the present invention, this method is referred to as the "Nozzle method".
  • the quantity of the aqueous liquid applied to the filament is represented by weight percentage relative to the filament.
  • the filaments are asymmetrically cooled and the crystal growth rate is suppressed by applying the aqueous liquid to the filaments having a higher temperature.
  • An application of the aqueous liquid of about 10 wt% or more is required to achieve the object of the present invention. In case the application of the aqueous liquid reaches 500 wt% or more, it is necessary to prevent an excess aqueous liquid from scattering.
  • the preferable quantity of the aqueous liquid is 20 to 300 wt%. And the quantity of the aqueous liquid of 20 to 50 wt% is used in the separated nozzle method and the roll method.
  • the filaments tend to cause troubles such as a breakage of the filaments arising from a mutual fusing, due to its high-temperature of 100°C or more. It is a remarkable discovery of the present invention that the above-mentioned fusing phenomenon completely ravels out to obtain an extremely stable spinning by applying an aqueous.
  • the asymmetrical cooling in accordance with the present invention can be attained by combination of the high-speed spinning process a sinning speed of which is 4000 m/min or more and the process of applying the aqueous liquid on one side of the filaments.
  • the asymmetrical cooling is attained by that, when the filaments is in contact with the aqueous liquid applied to the one side of the filaments, a membrane of the aqueous liquid, i.e., a surface tension of liquid is broken by a high speed running of the filaments and results in application of the aqueous liquid on only one side of the filaments. This technical fact can be confirmed by observing a contacting portion between the filaments and the aqueous liquid.
  • a drawing operation a drawing ratio of which is between 1.0 and 1.5
  • a heat treatment a temperature of which is 150°C or more
  • a spinning speed of around 4000 to 5000 m/min
  • a spinning speed of around 5,000 m/min or more a crimped multifilament having mechanical properties useful for practical use can be obtained with the application of the drawing operation.
  • a multifilament is spun at the spinning speed of 5,000 m/min or more to make a crimped multifilament without the application of a drawing operation in view of obtaining high productivity with simple process.
  • the drawing be carried out by heat-drawing at the glass transition temperature of the polymer or more.
  • the heat-treating needs to be conducted at a temperature of around 150°C or more, preferably under a substantially relaxed condition.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the filaments previous to the heat-treatment have a lower crystal growth rate whereas the filaments subjected to the heat-treatment are permitted to grow larger. This is a remarkable change which has not been anticipated so far, of which reason is not yet cleared up. It is guessed however that a higher crystal growth rate peculiar to the high-speed spinning and potentialized into a freeze by an application of aqueous liquid, is actualized by a high-temperature heat-treatment.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 schematically show the growth of a crystal subjected to a heat-treatment.
  • Fig. 10 shows an example using nylon 66 as a polymer, in which reference numeral (I) represents a wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern of the filament previous to the heat treatment, and (2) represents a wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern of the filament subjected to the heat-treatment.
  • Fig. 11 shows an example using polyethylene terephthalate as a polymer, in which in the same manner as Fig.
  • reference numeral (I) stands for a wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern of the crimped filament previous to the heat-treatment
  • (II) stands for that subjected to the heat treatment
  • (III) stands for that of a conventional filament manufactured by a lower spinning speed and drawing method.
  • a multifilament having only a spiral crimp can be manufactured from a multifilament obtained by using the high-speed spinning herebefore, but the random crimped multifilament can be first obtained on the basis of discovery of the above technical concept.
  • a temperature of the heat-treating is less than around 150°C, the crystal is not allowed to fully grow and hence it is difficult to obtain crimped yarns having a superior fastness to crimp which the present invention aims to provide.
  • the temperature of the heat-treatment is preferably around 180°C or more.
  • the heat-treating be carried out substantially under a relaxation, preferably under the relaxation of the order of 5% or more.
  • a relaxation preferably under the relaxation of the order of 5% or more.
  • a relaxation heat-treating apparatus of this kind for example, a fluid nozzle which is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 59-71440, a jet processing apparatus disclosed in Japanese Examined Patent Publication (Kokoku) No. 58-30423, or other means may be appropriately selected.
  • a high temperature air, a saturated vapor or a unsaturated vapor can be generally used as a heated fluid used in the jet processing method.
  • the jet processing method using a fluid nozzle may be adapted.
  • a random crimped multifilament having a superior fastness to crimp can be obtained by a combination of the fiber structure formed by the asymmetric cooling and an effect caused by the jet processing method.
  • the polyester crimped multifilament is used as a staple fiber, it is not always to use the jet processing method, and, for example, it is possible to accumulate the fibers on a running net and apply the heat treatment under the relaxation of the fibers.
  • the fibers before the application of the heat treatment are not crimped, but the crimped multifilament having a sufficient crimped shape can be obtained by the above heat treatment under the relaxation in place of the use of the jet processing method. This is a remarkable matter compared with a fact that a crimped multifilament having a spiral shape have been only obtained by a method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 62-23816.
  • the high-speed spinning and the heat treatment or the high-speed spinning, the heat treatment and the drawing.
  • the most effective one is that the high-speed spinning and crimping treatment in which the high-speed spinning is first conducted and the heat treatment is applied to the filament without drawing.
  • the filament has a circular cross-sectional shape
  • Fig. 3(C) is a schematic view showing an eccentric distribution of the birefringence index of the crimped filament in accordance with the present invention.
  • the difference of the birefringent indexes between the external layer and the internal layer of the filament is calculated from the photograph of Fig. 3(A) which is obtained by rotating the filament in Fig. 3(C) about an axis X-X of the filament by 90°.
  • the outer layer is situated at a distance of 0.8 R from the center of the filament in Fig. 3(A) which is denoted by ⁇ n 0.8 .
  • the inner layer means the center of the filament which is denoted by ⁇ n 0 .
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ n ) ⁇ n 0.8 - ⁇ n 0 .
  • Filaments are dyed in a state that filaments are not overlapped each other under the following conditions.
  • a cross-section of the dyed filament is photographed by an optical microscope.
  • a distance which the dyestuff can enter from a surface of the filament to an inside thereof becomes irregular about a center of the filament.
  • IWR is measured by a wide-angle X-ray diffractometry.
  • the X-ray generator is operated on 30 kV and 80 mA.
  • a diffraction strength is defined as a length of a perpendicular line drawn from each peak to the base line.
  • a crystal growth rate is defined as growth of ⁇ type crystalline.
  • the polycaproamide has two crystalline forms, i.e., ⁇ type and ⁇ type, and there are three main reflections on the equator. Namely from the lower angle side, there are seen reflections at plane (200) of ⁇ type crystalline, at plane (020) of ⁇ type crystalline and at plane ⁇ (202) + (002) ⁇ of ⁇ type crystalline.
  • IWR is defined as a fraction of ⁇ type crystalline obtained by a method of R. F. Stepaniak described in "Journal of Applied polymer Science”. Vol. 23 1747-1757, 1979.
  • a separation of a X-ray diffraction peak is performed by RAD-C system multiple peak separation program supplied from Rigaku Denki Co., Ltd. and a computer.
  • polyester presents three main reflections on the equator as shown in Fig. 11.
  • a diffraction strength is defined as a length of a perpendicular line drawn from each peak to the base line.
  • H 3 is the maximum diffraction strength of plane ⁇ (010) + (110) ⁇
  • a X-ray diffraction strength curve obtained by a measuring method according to ACS is used as a measurement of a crystal perfection index.
  • a method used to obtain ACS is, for example, a method using an equation of Scherrer described in the champt 7 of "X-ray diffraction of high polymer".
  • L. E. Alexander published from Kagaku Dojin Shuppan.
  • a vertical line is arranged between a peak point on the diffraction strength curve and the base line, and a middle point is marked at a half position of the vertical line.
  • a horizontal line passing through the middle is described against the diffraction strength curve.
  • the horizontal line can crosses two shoulders corresponding to the peak of the diffraction strength curve, but when the separation is inferior, the horizontal line can only cross one shoulder.
  • a width of the horizontal line between two cross points is measured. When the horizontal line crosses only one shoulder, a distance between one cross point and the middle point is measured and the obtained value is multiplied by two.
  • a method of Dismore and Statton is used to obtain the crystal perfection index (CPI).
  • CPI can be obtained by the following equation.
  • CPI (%) Spacing of refraction at plane (100) Spacing of refractions at plane ⁇ (010) + (110) ⁇ - 1 ⁇ ( 100 A ) wherein: A is 0.189.
  • a measurement of a number of crimps is performed according to JIS L 1015 by using a photograph as shown in Fig. 1(A).
  • the crimped filaments wound on a package is left to stand for extended periods of time as it is under high tension, there is a fear that the number of crimps and the crimp extensibility are apparently lessened, thus failing to show a true value.
  • the crimped filaments are heat-treated by boiling water under a condition of 98°C x 5 min, and then are left to stand in a room at a constant temperature and humidity (temperature of 20°C + 2°, relative humidity of 65% + 2%) for twenty-four hours.
  • the moisture-conditioned filaments are loaded with 2 mg/(g per 9000 m) (2 mg/d) to measure the number of crimps per 2.54 cm (1 inch).
  • Filaments are formed into a small hank of 20 turns using a counter wheel with a circumference of 1.125 m.
  • the obtained hank is heat-treated by boiling water under no load at 98°C for 5 minutes, and then are left to stand in a room at a constant temperature and humidity (temperature of 20 ⁇ 2°C, relative humidity of 65 ⁇ 2%) for twenty-four hours.
  • the moisture-conditioned filaments are loaded with 2 mg/(g per 9000 m) (2 mg/d), and one minute later the length l 1 of hank is measured.
  • the small hank is loaded with 0.1 g/(g per 9000 m) (0.1 g/d), and one minute later the length l 2 of hank is measured.
  • Filaments are formed into a hank of 8 turns using a lap reel with a circumference of 1.0 m and folded to have a hank having a length of 50 cm.
  • the hank is first loaded with 0.1 mg/(g per 9000 m) (0.1 mg/d) by using a load weight and then the weight is successively increased from 0.2 mg/(g per 9000 m) (0.2 mg/d) to 1.6 mg /(g per 9000 m) (1.6 mg/d) at an interval of 0.2 mg/(g per 9000 m) (0.2 mg/d).
  • the hank is immersed into hot water controlled at 60 °C ⁇ 1 °C.
  • the surface of the fiber is photographed by a known method at a magnification of 2000 diameters.
  • An evaluation of the property of a carpet is an evaluation performed by a visual inspection and a handling inspection of an expert and an evaluation performed in Japanese Carpet Inspection Associates (Foundation) according to JIS L 1021.
  • a nylon 66 composed substantially of a polyhexamethylene adipamide having a relative viscosity ⁇ rel of 2.9 is spun by using a spinning and crimping apparatus shown in Fig. 6.
  • the relative viscosity is measured by using 1% solution of 95% H 2 SO 4 .
  • a rectangle spinneret having 68 holes a shape of which is a trilobate equally spaced with three slits having a length of 0.70 mm and a width of 0.15 mm is used as the spinneret.
  • Nylon 66 is extruded by an extrusion rate of 9.8 g/min ⁇ hole at a spinning temperature of 300°C, and taken out at a speed of 600 m/min as a multifilament of 1000 g/9000 m (1000d).
  • a non-heated type heat insulating tube having a length 20 cm is arranged in a state sealed with a spinning face of the spinneret on a lower portion of the spinneret.
  • the multifilament is cooled by a cool air blown from an air chamber and having a temperature of 20°C at a speed of 0.3 m/sec.
  • Water is applied to one side of the filaments from a direction opposite the blowing direction of the cool air by a separating nozzle shown in Fig. 6 to perform asymmetrical cooling.
  • a quantity of the water applied to the filament is around 30 wt%.
  • an oil is applied to the filament by an oil feeding nozzle and then the multifilament are continuously fed through a taking roll having a circumferential speed of 6,000 m/min and a temperature of 200°C to a jet stuffer nozzle, to apply a crimping treatment to the filaments.
  • the multifilament is not applied with a drawing operation.
  • a heated and compressed gas having a temperature of 250 °C and a pressure of 4.9 bar (5 kg/cm 2 ) is used in the crimping treatment.
  • the crimped multifilament is cooled and then wound to a cheese-like package at a winding speed of 5,100 m/min, and a relaxation ratio of the multifilament of around 15% is used.
  • Table 1 Properties of the various crimped multifilaments having a random crimp obtained by changing a position of a water applying roll from the spinning face of the spinneret are shown in Table 1.
  • properties of multifilament before applying the crimping treatment can be obtained by measuring a multifilament wound directly from the taking roll on a cheese-like package.
  • the multifilament of (1150 g/9000 m) per 68 f (1150 d/68 f) in Examples 1 to 6 are applied with a S-twist of 40 T/meter, respectively, three twisted multifilaments are plied and the plied multifilaments are applied with a twist of 40 T/meter to have a tuft yarn, respectively.
  • Loop carpets having a weight per unit area of 750 g/m 2 are manufactured by piercing the tuft yarn under conditions of a pile length of 6 mm and 2.9 stitch/cm (7.4 stitch/inch).
  • the obtained carpets are dyed with a ready-made three primary color dyestuff, i.e., a dyestuff blended with Tectilon Yellow 4R, Tectilon Red 2B and Tectilon Blue 4G supplied from Ciba Geigy.
  • a dyestuff blended with Tectilon Yellow 4R, Tectilon Red 2B and Tectilon Blue 4G supplied from Ciba Geigy a ready-made three primary color dyestuff, i.e., a dyestuff blended with Tectilon Yellow 4R, Tectilon Red 2B and Tectilon Blue 4G supplied from Ciba Geigy.
  • a carpet manufactured from the crimped multifilament No. 6 has a disorder of pile raws, inferior bulkiness and lack of useability of a commercial product.
  • Carpets manufactured from the crimped multifilaments No. 1 to 5 have a good alignment of the piles and a superior bulkiness.
  • the carpets of the crimped multifilaments No. 1 to No. 5 have a compression ratio of 41 to 42%, a compressive modulus of 90 to 91% and a thickness reduction ratio under a dynamic loading operations of 10000 times of 14 to 15%, respectively, and result in a sufficient performance as a carpet.
  • Fig. 12 shows a relationship between the crimp generating ratio and a load applied to the multifilament for the both multifilaments.
  • the crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention has an extremely higher crimp generation ration compared with that of the conventional crimp multifilament.
  • This Embodiment 2 aims to measure a distribution of a birefringence index of a crimped multifilament obtained in the Embodiment 1.
  • Various crimped multifilaments are manufactured by the same method as that of Embodiment 1, except that a nylon 66 having a relative viscosity ⁇ rel of 2.6 is spun at a temperature of 295°C by using a spinneret including spinning holes having a diameter of 0.35 mm ⁇ .
  • a multifilament of a nylon 66 and constituted with filaments of 20 d is manufactured by a high speed spinning method which is the same as that of the Embodiment 1.
  • a relationship between the spinning speed and an extrusion rate per a hole are as follows. Spinning speed: 3,000 m/min; Extrusion rate per a hole: 12.0 g/min ⁇ hole Spinning speed: 4,000 m/min; Extrusion rate per a hole: 12.4 g/min ⁇ hole Spinning speed: 5,000 m/min; Extrusion rate per a hole: 11.1 g/min ⁇ hole Spinning speed: 6,000 m/min; Extrusion rate per a hole: 13.3 g/min ⁇ hole Spinning speed: 7,000 m/min; Extrusion rate per a hole 15.6 g/min ⁇ hole
  • a water is applied to the multifilament on a position below 200 cm from a spinneret by the separate nozzle system.
  • a water applying roll is arranged on a position blow from a surface of the spinneret.
  • a spinning speed is changed from 3,000 m/min to 7,000 m/min.
  • a temperature of the filament applied with water during the above range of the spinning speed may be around 170°C to 180°C.
  • an oil is applied to the filament by an oil feeding nozzle, and the multifilament is not applied with drawing operation, but directly fed into a jet stuffer apparatus shown in Fig. 6, and the multifilament is applied with the same crimping treatment as that of Embodiment 1 but this relaxation ratio of the multifilament is around 15.
  • a roll 7 in Fig. 6 is heated at 150°C, and the multifilament are drawn at a drawing ratio of 1.8 and 1.4, respectively.
  • the drawing operation is not applied to cases using the spinning speeds of 5,000 m/min, 6,000 m/min and 7,000 m/min.
  • Examples No. 6 to 8 in Table 3 are comparative examples obtained without an asymmetrically cooling operation applying an aqueous liquid, and the filament of the examples No. 2 to No. 5 have a distribution in which a birefringence index is deviated.
  • a degree of odd shapes of a cross section of each filament in this embodiment is between 1.7 and 1.8, and thus a cross sectional shape of each filament is a trilobate.
  • the crimped multifilament obtained by applying an aqueous liquid at a spinning speed of 4,000 m/min or more in accordance with the present invention has superior generation and fastness of the crimp, and the filament has no irregular surface thereon and has superior transparency.
  • This Embodiment 4 aims to measure a distribution of a birefringence index of a crimped multifilament obtained in the Embodiment 3.
  • Various crimped multifilaments are manufactured by the same method as that of Embodiment 3, except that a nylon 66 having a relative viscosity ⁇ rel of 2.6 is spun at a temperature of 295°C by using a spinneret including spinning holes having a diameter of 0.35 mm ⁇ .
  • the crimped multifilament obtained by applying an aqueous liquid at a spinning speed of 4,000 m/min or more in accordance with the present invention has superior crimp and fastness thereof, and the filament has completely no irregular surface thereon.
  • a nylon 6 composed substantially of a polycaproamide having a relative viscosity ⁇ rel of 3.2 is spun by using a spinning and crimping apparatus shown in Fig. 6.
  • the relative viscosity is measured by using 1% solution of 95% H 2 SO 4 .
  • the nylon 6 is extruded from a spinneret having 68 holes a diameter of which is 0.35 mm ⁇ , at a temperature of 290 °C, and a multifilament of 1000 g/9000 m (1000 d) is spun and taken out at a speed of 6,000 m/min.
  • Another example of multifilaments are spun and taken out by using, a spinneret having 68 holes of trilobate shape constituted with three slits having a same length of 0.70 mm and a same width of 0.15 mm.
  • An extrusion rate of the nylon 6 is 9.8 g/min ⁇ hole.
  • a heat tube having a length of 20 cm and an inner temperature of which is 200°C are arranged on a lower portion of the spinneret, and the multifilament is cooled by an cool air having a temperature of 20°C and a speed of 0.3 m/s and blown from a cool air chamber.
  • Water is applied to one side of the filaments having a temperature of 155°C at a position below 250 cm from the spinneret by a separating nozzle shown in Fig. 6 to perform asymmetrical cooling.
  • a quantity of the water applied to the filament is around 20 wt%.
  • an oil is applied to the filament by an oil feeding nozzle and then the multifilament are continuously fed through a taking roll having a circumferential speed of 6,000 m/min and a temperature of 180°C to a jet stuffer nozzle, to apply a crimping treatment to the filaments.
  • the multifilament is not applied with a drawing operation.
  • the treatment conditions in this case are a temperature of 230 °C, a pressure of 4.9 bar (5 kg/cm 2 ) and a relaxation ratio of 9 %.
  • the obtained crimped multifilament has a random crimp.
  • Table 6 1000d/68f round section 1000d/68f trilobate section Degree of odd shape 1.81 Strength [g/(g per 9000 m) (g/d)] 3.3 3.1 Elongation (%) 54 55 Difference in birefringent indexes ⁇ ( ⁇ n) x 10 -3 12 unmeasurable Presence of eccentricity yes yes IWR 0.288 0.287 Number of crimps [pcs/cm (pcs/in)] 5.1 (13) 7.1 (18) Crimp extensibility (%) 18 27 Fastness to crimp (%) 80 80 Presence of unevenness on surface no no
  • a polyethyleneterephthalate having an intrinsic viscosity ⁇ of 0.62 is spun by a spinning machine as shown in Fig. 6 using a spinneret having 24 holes a diameter of which is 0.35 mm ⁇ at a temperature of 300°C.
  • a heating tube of an aluminum body in which a heater is embedded and having an inner diameter of 12 cm and a length of 25 cm is in a state such that a gap between a spinning face of the spinneret and the heating tube is not made on a lower portion of the spinneret, and a temperature of the heater is determined at 250°C.
  • the multifilament coming out from the heating tube is cooled by cool air having a temperature of 20°C and a speed of 0.30 m/s blown from a laterally blown cool air chamber, and a water of a room temperature is applied to the multifilament by 40 wt% for a weight of the multifilament to perform asymmetrical cooling.
  • a position of the asymmetrical cooling caused by the application of the water is 50 cm below the spinning face of the spinneret.
  • a temperature of the multifilament in this position is around 180°C to 190°C in a range of the spinning speed as shown in Table 7.
  • the multifilament applied with the asymmetrical cooling is further applied with an oil, to make the multifilament of (50 g/9000 m) per 24 f (50 d/24 f) without drawing, and is wound.
  • Different spinning speeds are used in this embodiment as shown in Table 7.
  • those multifilaments are applied with a crimping treatment without drawing by an apparatus shown in Fig. 7.
  • Rolls 7 and 7' are not heated and has a constant circumferential speed of 3,000 m/min in this case.
  • a heated and compressed air having a temperature of 240 °C and a pressure of 2.0 bar (2 kg/cm 2 ) is supplied from a jet stuffer nozzle.
  • a relationship between the roll 7' and a roll 11 is determined in such a manner that a boiling shrinkage ratio of the obtained crimped multifilament becomes to around 1% or less.
  • IWR of the multifilament before applying the crimping treatment and properties of the crimped multifilament are shown in Table 7.
  • the polyester crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention has a superior crimp and fastness thereto in accordance with a presence of the eccentricity.
  • This embodiment is a case that a polyester crimped multifilament is cut to have a staple fiber and a spun yarn is manufactured of the staple fiber.
  • a rectangle spinneret having 250 holes constituted by aligning 50 holes spaced with a pitch of 6 mm to a hole line and arranging 5 hole lines with a distance of 6 mm between them is used.
  • a heating tube having a lengthwise length of 35 cm and a lateral length of 15 cm in a cross section and a length of 25 cm is arranged on a position below the spinning face of the spinneret.
  • Non-crimped multifilament of (500 g/9000 m) per 250 f (500 d/250 f) is spun under the same condition as those appeared in No. 2 using a spinning speed of 6,000 m/min and No. 6 in Table 7 corresponding the embodiment 7.
  • non-crimped multifilament is applied with the same heat treatment as that used in the embodiment 7 to have a crimped multifilament.
  • the obtained two crimped multifilaments are cut to staple fibers having a biased cut staple diagram of fiber lengths between 80 m and 110 mm.
  • Those staple fibers are supplied to a roller card having a diameter of 152 cm (60 inch) to perform a carding test of the obtained staple fibers.
  • a carding operation is performed without trouble for the staple fiber corresponding No. 2 of the embodiment 7 and a sliver in which neps are not generated can be obtained.
  • a spun yarn of 1/40 Nm is spun from this sliver.
  • the staple fiber corresponding to No. 6 of the embodiment 7 cannot be processed in a card due to a greatly generation of an opener waste at an exit of a press cylinder of the card.
  • This embodiment corresponds to the embodiment 7 except that a fiber having an odd shaped cross section is used.
  • a spinneret having 24 holes a shape of which is a trilobate constituted with three same slots having a length of 0.28 mm and a width of 0.06 mm.
  • the polyethylene terephthalate is spun under the same conditions as those in the embodiment 7, an asymmetrical cooling and an oil applying is applied, and then a multifilament is taken at a spinning speed of 6,500 m/min without drawing.
  • a water application is applied by a nozzle system shown in Fig. 9(B) and the water of a room temperature is applied to the fiber by 100 wt% thereof.
  • a position where the asymmetrical cooling is applied is determined to different positions for examples.
  • Diameter of a filament is changed at a position applied with a water in the all examples and thus generation of the neck is confirmed.
  • the multifilament applied with the water has an eccentric distribution of the birefringence index and has no the crimp.
  • the multifilament is continuously applied with a crimping treatment by using a treating apparatus shown in Fig. 6 without a taking operation to have a crimped multifilament of (50 g/9000 m) per 24 f (50 d/24 f).
  • a temperature of 250 °C and a constant pressure of 3.9 bar (4 kg/cm 2 ) are used, and a relaxation ratio is determined in such a manner that a boiling shrinkage ratio of the crimped multifilament becomes to around 1 % or less.
  • IWR of the multifilament before applying the crimping treatment and properties of the crimped multifilament are shown in Fig. 9.
  • the polyester crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention has a superior crimp and fastness thereto. Further this polyester crimped multifilament has a feature that an initial modulus thereof is small. Soft and bulky handling can be obtained in a knitted fabric of this polyester crimped multifilament due to the above feature.
  • a crimped multifilament is manufactured by the same conditions as those of No. 2 in Table 9 corresponding the example 10, except that a quantity of the water applying to the filament is changed as shown in Table 10.
  • the water is applied to the filament a temperature of which is 200°C.
  • a crimped multifilament in accordance with the present invention has superior transparency and bulkiness as a continuous filament and when the crimped multifilament are used to a carpet or a raised fabric, a product having a fastness and high-class feeling can be obtained.
  • the crimped multifilament is used as a staple fiber, there is no trouble in a card processability and a spinningability and thus it is possible to blend this staple fiber with another material, such as a wool or a cotton.
  • a manufacturing method in accordance with the present invention has no trouble in a spinning process and crimping process of the crimped multifilament and thus the crimped multifilament can be easily manufactured at a high speed, accordingly the manufacturing method in accordance with the present invention has a high productivity and an extremely high industrial value.

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Claims (23)

  1. Dreidimensionales gekräuseltes Multifilament, das aus einem thermoplastischen Polymer besteht, wobei der an einer äußeren Schicht eines das Multifilament aufbauenden Filaments gemessene Doppelbrechungsindex größer ist als der an einem mittleren Teil des Filaments gemessene Doppelbrechungsindex und das Filament eine Verteilung hat, bei der die Stelle mit dem kleinsten Wert des Doppelbrechungsindex von der Mittelachse des Filaments abweicht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filament statistische Kräuselungen (20) in einer Anzahl von wenigstens 3,9 Kräuselungen pro cm (10 Kräuselungen pro inch) aufweist.
  2. Gekräuseltes Multifilament gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem es sich um ein gekräuseltes Polyamidmultifilament handelt, das aus einem Polyamidpolymer besteht, wobei das Filament, das das Multifilament aufbaut, eine durch Röntgenweitwinkeldiffraktometrie gemessene Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit von 0,2 oder mehr hat.
  3. Gekräuseltes Polyamidmultifilament gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des Filaments, das das Multifilament aufbaut, kreisförmig ist und der Unterschied des Doppelbrechungsindex zwischen einer äußeren Schicht und einer inneren Schicht des Filaments zwischen 5 x 10-3 und 45 x 10-3 liegt.
  4. Gekräuseltes Polyamidmultifilament gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durch Röntgenweitwinkeldiffraktometrie gemessene Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit 0,25 oder mehr beträgt.
  5. Gekräuseltes Polyamidmultifilament gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Filament statistische Kräuselungen (20) in einer Anzahl von wenigstens 4,7 Kräuselungen pro cm (12 Kräuselungen pro inch) aufweist.
  6. Gekräuseltes Polyamidmultifilament gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche des Filaments glatt ist.
  7. Gekräuseltes Polyamidmultifilament gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Polyamid ein Polyhexamethylenadipamid verwendet wird und der durch Röntgenweitwinkeldiffraktometrie gemessene Kristallperfektionsindex 70% oder mehr beträgt.
  8. Gekräuseltes Multifilament gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem es sich um ein gekräuseltes Polyestermultifilament handelt, das aus einem Polyesterpolymer besteht, wobei das Filament, das das Multifilament aufbaut, eine durch Röntgenweitwinkeldiffraktometrie gemessene Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit von 0,4 oder mehr hat.
  9. Gekräuseltes Polyestermultifilament gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des Filaments, das das Multifilament aufbaut, kreisförmig ist und der Unterschied des Doppelbrechungsindex zwischen einer äußeren Schicht und einer inneren Schicht des Filaments zwischen 20 x 10-3 und 100 x 10-3 liegt.
  10. Gekräuseltes Polyestermultifilament gemäß Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durch Röntgenweitwinkeldiffraktometrie gemessene Kristallwachstumsgeschwindigkeit 0,5 oder mehr beträgt.
  11. Polyesterstapelfaser, die aus einem gekräuselten Multifilament gemäß Anspruch 8 besteht.
  12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gekräuselten Polyamidmultifilaments gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7 durch Schmelzverspinnen eines Polyamids, wobei das aus einer Spinndüse (2) extrudierte Multifilament asymmetrisch durch Aufbringen einer wäßrigen Flüssigkeit auf eine Seite des Multifilaments soweit abgekühlt wird, bis die Temperatur eines Filaments, das das Multifilament aufbaut, 100°C oder mehr beträgt, und dann mit einer Spinngeschwindigkeit von 4000 m/min oder mehr herausgenommen wird und das aufgenommene Multifilament mit einem Streckverhältnis zwischen 1,0 und 1,5 gestreckt wird und dann einer Flüssigkeitsinjektionsbehandlung bei einer Temperatur von 150°C oder mehr unterzogen wird.
  13. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Flüssigkeit solange auf die eine Seite des Multifilaments aufgebracht wird, bis sich das Filament auf 130°C oder darüber abgekühlt hat.
  14. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Flüssigkeit auf die eine Seite des Multifilaments aufgebracht wird, das sich in einem Zustand befindet, bei dem die Filamente, die das Multifilament aufbauen, voneinander getrennt sind.
  15. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gekräuselten Polyamidmultifilaments gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 7 durch Schmelzverspinnen eines Polyamids, wobei das aus einer Spinndüse (2) extrudierte Multifilament asymmetrisch durch Aufbringen einer wäßrigen Flüssigkeit auf eine Seite des Multifilaments soweit abgekühlt wird, bis die Temperatur eines Filaments, das das Multifilament aufbaut, 100°C oder mehr beträgt, und dann mit einer Spinngeschwindigkeit von 5000 m/min oder mehr herausgenommen wird und dann einer Flüssigkeitsinjektionsbehandlung bei einer Temperatur von 150°C oder mehr unterzogen wird.
  16. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flüssigkeitsinjektionsbehandlung bei einer Temperatur von 180°C oder mehr durchgeführt wird.
  17. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Operation des Herausnehmens und die Flüssigkeitsinjektionsbehandlung kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden.
  18. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gekräuselten Polyestermultifilaments gemäß einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10 durch Schmelzverspinnen eines Polyesters, wobei das aus einer Spinndüse (2) extrudierte Multifilament asymmetrisch durch Aufbringen einer wäßrigen Flüssigkeit auf eine Seite des Multifilaments soweit abgekühlt wird, bis die Temperatur eines Filaments, das das Multifilament aufbaut, 150°C oder mehr beträgt, und dann mit einer Spinngeschwindigkeit von 5000 m/min oder mehr herausgenommen wird und das aufgenommene Multifilament mit einem Streckverhältnis zwischen 1,0 und 1,5 gestreckt wird und dann einer Wärmebehandlung unter Relaxation bei einer Temperatur von 150°C oder mehr unterzogen wird.
  19. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Flüssigkeit solange auf die eine Seite des Multifilaments aufgebracht wird, bis sich das Filament auf 200°C oder darüber abgekühlt hat.
  20. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wäßrige Flüssigkeit auf die eine Seite des Multifilaments aufgebracht wird, das sich in einem Zustand befindet, bei dem die Filamente, die das Multifilament aufbauen, im wesentlichen in einer Ebene angeordnet sind.
  21. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gekräuselten Polyestermultifilaments gemäß einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10 durch Schmelzverspinnen eines Polyesters, wobei das aus einer Spinndüse (2) extrudierte Multifilament asymmetrisch durch Aufbringen einer wäßrigen Flüssigkeit auf eine Seite des Multifilaments soweit abgekühlt wird, bis die Temperatur eines Filaments, das das Multifilament aufbaut, 150°C oder mehr beträgt, und dann mit einer Spinngeschwindigkeit von 5000 m/min oder mehr herausgenommen wird und dann einer Wärmebehandlung unter Relaxation bei einer Temperatur von 150°C oder mehr unterzogen wird.
  22. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wärmebehandlung unter Relaxation eine Flüssigkeitsinjektionsbehandlung ist.
  23. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Operation des Herausnehmens und die Wärmebehandlung unter Relaxation kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden.
EP90917689A 1989-11-30 1990-11-29 Gekräuseltes multifilament und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen filaments Expired - Lifetime EP0455831B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP309009/89 1989-11-30
JP30900989 1989-11-30
PCT/JP1990/001549 WO1991008330A1 (fr) 1989-11-30 1990-11-29 Multifilament crepe et procede de production d'un tel filament

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EP0455831A1 EP0455831A1 (de) 1991-11-13
EP0455831A4 EP0455831A4 (en) 1992-05-20
EP0455831B1 true EP0455831B1 (de) 1997-09-03

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EP (1) EP0455831B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69031383T2 (de)
WO (1) WO1991008330A1 (de)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5512832A (en) * 1978-07-05 1980-01-29 Toyobo Co Ltd Production of hollow crimped fiber
JPH0197209A (ja) * 1987-10-09 1989-04-14 Toray Ind Inc ポリエステル繊維

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1517632A (fr) * 1966-04-06 1968-03-15 Toyo Boseki Fibres frisées creuses à trois dimensions en polyester et leur procédé de fabrication
JPS5611762B2 (de) * 1973-10-24 1981-03-17
JPS5727204B2 (de) * 1973-12-14 1982-06-09
JPS55107511A (en) * 1979-02-09 1980-08-18 Jiro Shimizu High-speed spinning of polyethylene terephthalate having double cross-sectional structure
US4301102A (en) * 1979-07-16 1981-11-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Self-crimping polyamide fibers
JPS59216918A (ja) * 1983-05-26 1984-12-07 Toyobo Co Ltd 捩れを有するポリエステル繊維
JPS61194209A (ja) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-28 Toyobo Co Ltd 高強力ポリアミド繊維及びその製造法
IN167096B (de) * 1985-04-04 1990-09-01 Akzo Nv
JPH02127534A (ja) * 1988-11-01 1990-05-16 Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd ポリアミド捲縮糸

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5512832A (en) * 1978-07-05 1980-01-29 Toyobo Co Ltd Production of hollow crimped fiber
JPH0197209A (ja) * 1987-10-09 1989-04-14 Toray Ind Inc ポリエステル繊維

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0455831A4 (en) 1992-05-20
WO1991008330A1 (fr) 1991-06-13
EP0455831A1 (de) 1991-11-13
DE69031383D1 (de) 1997-10-09
DE69031383T2 (de) 1998-02-19

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