EP0483554A1 - Procédé pour la réduction au minimum des émissions de NOx dans une combustion - Google Patents

Procédé pour la réduction au minimum des émissions de NOx dans une combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0483554A1
EP0483554A1 EP91117113A EP91117113A EP0483554A1 EP 0483554 A1 EP0483554 A1 EP 0483554A1 EP 91117113 A EP91117113 A EP 91117113A EP 91117113 A EP91117113 A EP 91117113A EP 0483554 A1 EP0483554 A1 EP 0483554A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
fuel
water
nozzle
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91117113A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0483554B1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Dr. Aigner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0483554A1 publication Critical patent/EP0483554A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0483554B1 publication Critical patent/EP0483554B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion simultaneously or alternately of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2203/00—Flame cooling methods otherwise than by staging or recirculation
    • F23C2203/30—Injection of tempering fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for minimizing NOx emissions according to the preamble of claim 1. It also relates to a burner for carrying out the method according to claim 1.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention is based on the object, in a method of the type mentioned, to supply the water to the combustion in such a way that a minimization of the NOx emissions is achieved, but without negative effects on the combustion in the To cause an increase in CO emissions and other pollutants.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that when these full jets are used, in narrow burners or combustion chambers, it is avoided that the water can splash onto the walls, because then the desired reduction in NOx formation would not occur from the combustion process.
  • the burner A according to FIG. 1 consists of two half hollow partial cone bodies 1, 2 which are radially offset with respect to one another with respect to their longitudinal axis of symmetry and stand on one another.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical initial part 1a, 2a, which, analogous to the partial cone bodies 1, 2, are offset from one another, so that the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 are present continuously over the entire length of the burner A.
  • a nozzle 3 is accommodated in this cylindrical initial part 1a, 2a, the injection 4 of a preferably liquid fuel 12 coinciding with the narrowest cross-section of the conical cavity 14 formed by the two partial cone bodies 1, 2.
  • a gaseous fuel or a mixture of different fuels in different physical states can also be burned.
  • This fuel injection 4 is preferably placed in the center of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle 3 also has a number of further injections 18, via which water 24 is injected into the conical cavity 14.
  • the number of these water jets 18 and their circumferential placement on the end face of the nozzle 3 essentially depends on the size of the burner A and on its combustion characteristics.
  • the water jets 18 are preferably to be provided in such a way that they form a ring with respect to the fuel injection 4. wherein the distance to the center of the nozzle 3 is discussed in more detail below.
  • the burner A can be provided in a purely conical manner, that is to say without cylindrical starting parts 1a, 2a.
  • Both partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a fuel line 8, 9 provided with openings 17, through which a gaseous fuel 13 is fed, which in turn admixes the combustion air 15 flowing into the conical cavity 14 through the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 becomes.
  • the fuel lines 8, 9 are preferably to be provided at the end of the tangential inflow, immediately before entering the conical cavity 14, in order to achieve an optimal speed-related admixture 16 between the fuel 13 and the inflowing combustion air 15.
  • an optimal speed-related admixture 16 between the fuel 13 and the inflowing combustion air 15.
  • the outlet opening of the burner A merges into a front wall 10, in which bores (not shown in the figure) can be provided, in order to be able to introduce dilution air or cooling air into the front part of the combustion chamber 22 if necessary.
  • the tapered liquid combustion profile 5 is enclosed by the combustion air 15 flowing in tangentially and a further combustion air flow 15a brought axially around the nozzle 3.
  • the concentration of the liquid fuel 12 is continuously reduced by the combustion air streams 15, 15a introduced.
  • gaseous fuel 13 is used via the fuel lines 8, 9, the mixture formation with the combustion air 15 takes place, as has already been briefly explained above, directly in the area of the air inlet slots 19, 20, at the entry into the conical hollow body 14
  • the optimal homogeneous fuel concentration over the cross section is achieved in the area of the vortex burst, ie in the area of the backflow zone 6.
  • the ignition takes place at the top of the backflow zone 6.
  • a flashback of the flame into the interior of burner A as can always occur latently in known premixing sections, while remedial measures are sought there with complicated flame holders is not to be feared here.
  • the combustion air 15 is preheated.
  • the backflow zone 6 with the flame front 7 is penetrated with a number of compact full water jets 11, which without this sensitive stabilization zone disturb, namely where the freshly supplied fuel / air mixture is constantly re-ignited, develop.
  • These water jets 11 then burst in the interior of the flame, in such a way that the water is distributed, but in a very small area, exactly where there is a potential risk of NOx emissions being formed. This prevents the entire flame body from being acted on, which would lead to instabilities, flame pulsations and poor burn-out, which would result in a surge in CO emissions.
  • the alignment of these water jets 11 from the nozzle 3 is to be provided in such a way that firstly penetration of the flame front 7 is ensured and secondly has a selective effect on those zones where there is a potential for NOx emissions to occur.
  • narrow limits must be observed so that the desired flow field of the combustion air with its return flow zone 6 is established in the area of the burner mouth, and provides flame stabilization there.
  • a reduction in the size of the combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 shifts the backflow zone 6 further downstream, which would cause the mixture to ignite earlier, however.
  • the backflow zone 6, once fixed, is inherently position-stable, because the swirl number increases in the direction of flow in the region of the cone shape of the burner A.
  • the axial speed can also be influenced by axially supplying the combustion air flow 15a already mentioned.
  • the design of the burner A is particularly suitable, given the given overall length of the burner A, of changing the size of the tangential combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 by pushing the partial cone bodies 1, 2 towards or away from one another, as a result of which the distance between the two central axes 1b 2b reduced or enlarges accordingly
  • the gap size of the tangential combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 changed, as can be seen particularly well from FIGS. 4-6.
  • the partial cone bodies 1, 2 can also be displaced relative to one another in another plane, as a result of which even an overlap thereof can be controlled. Yes, it is even possible to move the partial cone bodies 1, 2 spirally into one another by a counter-rotating movement, or to move the partial cone bodies 1, 2 against one another by means of an axial movement. It is therefore in your hand to vary the shape and size of the tangential combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 as desired, with which burner A covers a certain operating range without changing its overall length.
  • FIGS. 2-4 show the geometric configuration of the guide plates 21a, 21b. They have a flow introduction function, these guide plates, depending on their length, extending the respective end of the partial cone bodies 1, 2 in the direction of flow of the combustion air 15.
  • the channeling of the combustion air 15 into the conical cavity 14 can be optimized by opening or closing the guide plates 21a, 21b about a pivot point 23 placed in the area of the entrance to the cavity 14; This is particularly necessary if the original gap size of the tangential combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 is changed.
  • burner A can also be operated without baffles 21a, 21b, or other aids can be provided for this.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
EP91117113A 1990-11-02 1991-10-08 Procédé pour la réduction au minimum des émissions de NOx dans une combustion Expired - Lifetime EP0483554B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3487/90 1990-11-02
CH3487/90A CH682009A5 (fr) 1990-11-02 1990-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0483554A1 true EP0483554A1 (fr) 1992-05-06
EP0483554B1 EP0483554B1 (fr) 1995-12-20

Family

ID=4257057

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91117113A Expired - Lifetime EP0483554B1 (fr) 1990-11-02 1991-10-08 Procédé pour la réduction au minimum des émissions de NOx dans une combustion

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5284437A (fr)
EP (1) EP0483554B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2999311B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2054043A1 (fr)
CH (1) CH682009A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE59107119D1 (fr)
PL (1) PL292124A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5735115A (en) * 1994-01-24 1998-04-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas turbine combustor with means for removing swirl
EP0789193A3 (fr) * 1996-02-07 1998-08-19 DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches -Technisch-wissenschaftliche Vereinigung- Procédé et dispositif pour supprimer des vibrations par flamme et par pression dans un four
EP0911582A1 (fr) * 1997-10-27 1999-04-28 Asea Brown Boveri AG Procédé et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'un brûleur à prémélange

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19520292A1 (de) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-05 Abb Management Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe
ATE170968T1 (de) * 1995-07-20 1998-09-15 Dvgw Ev Verfahren und vorrichtung zur unterdrückung von flammen-/druckschwingungen bei einer feuerung
US5707596A (en) * 1995-11-08 1998-01-13 Process Combustion Corporation Method to minimize chemically bound nox in a combustion process
EP0918191B1 (fr) * 1997-11-21 2003-07-02 Alstom Brûleur pour la mise en oeuvre d'un générateur de chaleur
DE10049203A1 (de) * 2000-10-05 2002-05-23 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Verfahren zur Brennstoffeinleitung in einen Vormischbrenner
RU2570480C2 (ru) * 2012-08-24 2015-12-10 Альстом Текнолоджи Лтд Способ смешивания разбавляющего воздуха в системе последовательного сгорания газовой турбины
US10240784B2 (en) * 2013-06-17 2019-03-26 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Burner assembly for flaring low calorific gases
US10227932B2 (en) * 2016-11-30 2019-03-12 General Electric Company Emissions modeling for gas turbine engines for selecting an actual fuel split
CN107906514B (zh) * 2017-12-04 2024-04-09 安德森热能科技（苏州）有限责任公司 一种扁平焰低氮燃烧器

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3021673A (en) * 1957-01-10 1962-02-20 Bendix Corp Water injection system for gas turbine engines
GB1400549A (en) * 1971-09-29 1975-07-09 Flopetrol Serivces Inc Methods and apparatus for burning liquid hydrocarbons
FR2289849A1 (fr) * 1974-11-04 1976-05-28 Rothlisberger Henri Perfectionnement aux bruleurs de chaudieres utilisant un combustible liquide
EP0007697A1 (fr) * 1978-06-19 1980-02-06 John Zink Company Brûleur pour combustibles gazeux et/ou liquides ayant une teneur en NOx minimisée
GB2050592A (en) * 1979-06-06 1981-01-07 Rolls Royce Gas turbine
EP0321809B1 (fr) * 1987-12-21 1991-05-15 BBC Brown Boveri AG Procédé pour la combustion de combustible liquide dans un brûleur

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3748080A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-07-24 Peabody Engineering Corp Combustion control apparatus using a liquid spray
US3797992A (en) * 1972-12-15 1974-03-19 Combustion Unltd Inc Crude oil burner
US3861857A (en) * 1974-01-14 1975-01-21 John F Straitz Flammable liquid waste burner
JPS5461328A (en) * 1977-10-22 1979-05-17 Kubota Ltd Burner equipment
JPS5596809A (en) * 1979-01-19 1980-07-23 Toshiba Corp Combustor
CH678568A5 (fr) * 1989-03-15 1991-09-30 Asea Brown Boveri

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3021673A (en) * 1957-01-10 1962-02-20 Bendix Corp Water injection system for gas turbine engines
GB1400549A (en) * 1971-09-29 1975-07-09 Flopetrol Serivces Inc Methods and apparatus for burning liquid hydrocarbons
FR2289849A1 (fr) * 1974-11-04 1976-05-28 Rothlisberger Henri Perfectionnement aux bruleurs de chaudieres utilisant un combustible liquide
EP0007697A1 (fr) * 1978-06-19 1980-02-06 John Zink Company Brûleur pour combustibles gazeux et/ou liquides ayant une teneur en NOx minimisée
GB2050592A (en) * 1979-06-06 1981-01-07 Rolls Royce Gas turbine
EP0321809B1 (fr) * 1987-12-21 1991-05-15 BBC Brown Boveri AG Procédé pour la combustion de combustible liquide dans un brûleur

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 3, no. 84 (M-66)20. Juli 1979 & JP-A-54 061 328 ( KUBOTA TEKKO ) 17. Mai 1979 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 4, no. 143 (M-35)(625) 8. Oktober 1980 & JP-A-55 096 809 ( TOKYO SHIBAURA DENKI ) 23. Juli 1980 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5735115A (en) * 1994-01-24 1998-04-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gas turbine combustor with means for removing swirl
EP0789193A3 (fr) * 1996-02-07 1998-08-19 DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches -Technisch-wissenschaftliche Vereinigung- Procédé et dispositif pour supprimer des vibrations par flamme et par pression dans un four
EP0911582A1 (fr) * 1997-10-27 1999-04-28 Asea Brown Boveri AG Procédé et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'un brûleur à prémélange
US6132202A (en) * 1997-10-27 2000-10-17 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Method and device for operating a premix burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH06341611A (ja) 1994-12-13
PL292124A1 (en) 1992-05-04
CA2054043A1 (fr) 1992-05-03
JP2999311B2 (ja) 2000-01-17
CH682009A5 (fr) 1993-06-30
US5284437A (en) 1994-02-08
EP0483554B1 (fr) 1995-12-20
DE59107119D1 (de) 1996-02-01

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