EP0593548B1 - Matieres moulables thermoplastiques, leur procede de fabrication et procede de fabrication de pieces moulees en ceramique ou en metal par frittage - Google Patents

Matieres moulables thermoplastiques, leur procede de fabrication et procede de fabrication de pieces moulees en ceramique ou en metal par frittage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0593548B1
EP0593548B1 EP92913754A EP92913754A EP0593548B1 EP 0593548 B1 EP0593548 B1 EP 0593548B1 EP 92913754 A EP92913754 A EP 92913754A EP 92913754 A EP92913754 A EP 92913754A EP 0593548 B1 EP0593548 B1 EP 0593548B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silicone resin
thermoplastic
mol
softening temperature
molding
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EP92913754A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0593548A1 (fr
Inventor
John Huggins
Gebhard Wagner
Ottfried Schlak
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Bayer AG
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Bayer AG
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Priority claimed from DE4122764A external-priority patent/DE4122764A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19914134694 external-priority patent/DE4134694A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19924212593 external-priority patent/DE4212593A1/de
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP0593548A1 publication Critical patent/EP0593548A1/fr
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to new thermoplastic molding compositions for the production of molded parts made of ceramic or metal from corresponding ceramic or metal powders.
  • Thermoplastic molding compounds are used, among other things, in processes such as injection molding, extrusion or hot pressing, in which temperature-dependent flow behavior is necessary.
  • thermoplastic binders and other auxiliaries to give molded parts by injection molding, extrusion or hot pressing (F. Aldinger and H.-J-Kalz Angew. Chem. 99 (1987) 381-391 ; P. Glutz Feintechnik & Messtechnik 97 (1989) (363-365); MJ Edirisinghe, JRG Evans: Inter. J. High Technology Ceramics 2 (1986) 1-31; W. Michaeli, R. Bieler; Ind.-Anz . 113 (1991) 12-14). After shaping the binder is removed or burned out at temperatures between 200 and 1000 ° C from the molded part (called green body).
  • the green body is then usually sintered at temperatures of more than 1000 ° C., whereby a partial or complete phase change can take place and the body is compacted.
  • organic binders are used in these processes. Examples are polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutyl acrylates and paraffin waxes.
  • organic binders have the disadvantage that the burn-out must be carried out slowly and with great care in the temperature control, since otherwise green bodies with gross defects such as cracks or pores are obtained. In some cases, green bodies with insufficient strength are obtained after the burn-out, a sufficient one The strength of the green body is necessary for further processing of the green body as well as for error-free sintering.
  • Silicone resins have been described several times as binders for the production of ceramics, silicone resins have the advantage that the silicone resin binder is converted into ceramic when it is burned out, so that the molded part can be fired more quickly.
  • the silicone resins described so far are for processes which involve a thermoplastic Processing, such as injection molding, is not suitable.
  • US 3,090,691 describes a process for the production of molded parts made of ceramic, which is characterized by firing a mixture of an organosiloxane and a ceramic powder.
  • the organosiloxane has a total of 1 to 3 organic groups per silicon atom, the mixtures are at 500 to 1550 ° C burned and usually contain a curing catalyst, such as lead oxide or lead stearate.
  • DE-A 2 142 581 describes compositions for the production of aluminum oxide ceramics, which are characterized by the selection of suitable inorganic additional components due to low shrinkage during sintering.
  • binders are described, but thermosetting silicone resins are preferred.
  • polyethylene is used as the binder
  • Polyvinyl chloride or a polyamide is preferred.
  • DE-A 2 106 128 and DE-A 2 211 723 describe heat-curable molding compositions made from inorganic solids and solvent-free liquid organosiloxanes which contain organic peroxides as curing catalysts.
  • the molding compositions are brought into a mold by pressing and cured at elevated temperature during the pressing process.
  • the green bodies are then post-cured for 2 to 4 hours at 200 ° C. and then sintered to solid ceramics over 32 hours to 1510 ° C.
  • US-A 4 888 376 and US-A 4 929 573 describe a process for the production of silicon carbide moldings with thermosetting polyorganosiloxanes as binders.
  • the polysiloxanes are highly viscous to solid at room temperature. Pyrolysis of the polysiloxane should result in at least 0.2% by weight of free carbon, based on the weight of the silicon carbide powder.
  • the polysiloxanes according to these processes have ceramic yields of only 39 to 50.8% by weight during pyrolysis in an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the silicone resins described have one or more disadvantages that make them unsuitable for thermoplastic molding processes. Many of the silicone resins are liquid and have to be hardened in the mold in order to achieve sufficient strength of the molded part. Hardening in the mold leads to long cycle times and thus high unit costs. Solid silicone resins, which at higher temperatures, i.e. Processing temperatures, do not soften are also not suitable for thermoplastic processing. Other silicone resins have only low ceramic yields in pyrolysis up to 1000 ° C. However, a high ceramic yield is a prerequisite for fast, error-free firing. This results in the desire of the technology for molding compounds made from ceramics or metal powders and binders which have good thermoplastic processing properties and can be fired in a short time without additional hardening stages.
  • silicone resins have excellent thermoplastic properties and high ceramic yields during pyrolysis up to 1000 ° C.
  • Thermoplastic made with these silicone resins Molding compositions have excellent properties with regard to thermoplastic processing methods, in particular injection molding methods, and any mechanical post-processing methods and can be fired within a short period of time after molding.
  • the average molecular weight (arithmetic mean) of the organic radicals, including the alkoxy radicals, in the thermoplastic silicone resin is a maximum of 50 divided by the sum (a + c).
  • the value of a should in particular be in the range between 0.95 and 1.5, preferably between 1.0 and 1.5.
  • the silicone resins are preferably used without catalysts, so that no further crosslinking and curing takes place during the molding process.
  • a resin which has a very stiffly crosslinked SiO x / 2 network ie is characterized by a sum (a + b + c) close to 1
  • can contain more high molecular weight organic residues as a softer SiO x / 2 network, characterized by a sum (a + b + c) in the vicinity of 1.7, which must contain an increased proportion of methyl groups.
  • the average molecular weight of all R1 and -OR2 may be 50 at most.
  • Resins are particularly preferred which have at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, methyl groups in addition to phenyl, C2-C18 alkyl and vinyl groups.
  • thermoplastic silicone resins according to the invention should preferably have softening temperatures of 40 to 200 ° C., in particular 40 to 150 ° C. and particularly preferably 50 to 120 ° C. if only one silicone resin is used in the thermoplastic molding composition.
  • the difference in softening temperature can be 100 ° C or more. However, the mixture as such should still have a softening temperature between 40 and 200 ° C., preferably between 40 and 150 ° C., even if the "hard" component contained therein itself has a higher softening temperature.
  • the softening temperature of the mixture is influenced by the softening temperature of the components and the quantitative ratio of the components in the mixture.
  • Quantities of "hard” to "soft” component from 5 to 95 wt .-% to 95 to 5 wt .-% are used according to the invention.
  • Silicone resin mixtures with less hard TM or QM resin have lower hardness and higher elasticity in the cold state
  • molding compositions made from such silicone resin mixtures are particularly preferred in the production of thick-walled molded parts, whereby when the molded part solidifies in the mold large tensions can arise, the elasticity
  • This silicone resin mixture enables the stresses during firing to be reduced, thereby avoiding cracks and other imperfections in the fired part.
  • the silicone resins according to the invention are produced, for example, by cohydrolysis of a corresponding chlorosilane or alkoxysilane mixture. Likewise, a mixture of one or more alkoxysilanes and one or more siloxanes can first be equilibrated and then hydrolyzed. The hydrolysis is carried out according to the customary methods Methods carried out as described in W. Noll Chemistry and Technology of Silicones (Weinheim: Verlag Chemie, 1968, pp. 162-169). For example, the chlorosilane mixture is added together with an organic solvent to an excess of water and optionally an aliphatic alcohol. The phases are separated and the organic phase washed neutral. The silicone resin is used either as a solution or, after the solvent has been stripped off, as a solid for the preparation of the molding compositions according to the invention.
  • silicone resins It is known that the alkoxy and SiOH content of silicone resins is reduced by condensation reactions and their softening temperature can thereby be increased.
  • This process often called thickening of the silicone resin solution, is preferably carried out in the production of the silicone resin by heating in the presence of catalysts.
  • the silicone resins according to the invention must therefore be prepared in such a way that the desired softening temperature is obtained.
  • the silicone resins must also be carefully neutralized to ensure a stable viscosity when processing the molding compound.
  • the silicone resins or silicone resin mixtures according to the invention are solids which have softening temperatures between 30 and 200 ° C. Above this temperature, the silicone resins or silicone resin mixtures are liquid to highly viscous.
  • the silicone resin or silicone resin mixture preferably has a melt viscosity of less than 100,000 mPa.s, preferably less than 10,000 mPa.s.
  • the silicone resins are amorphous in the solid state. Therefore, the temperature at which plastic flow begins can usually only be determined inaccurately.
  • the softening temperature is therefore given as a temperature range above 10 to 15 ° C.
  • the silicone resins or silicone resin mixtures according to the invention are characterized by high ceramic yields in the pyrolysis up to 1000 ° C. of more than 60% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight.
  • the ceramic yield is defined as the residue in% by weight after pyrolysis.
  • the ceramic yield is usually deteriorated with increasing proportions of PhSiO 3/2 - and Ph2SiO units and siloxy units with long-chain alkyl radicals, so the sum of these units should not exceed 40 mol%, preferably 20 mol%.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention consists of a homogeneous mixture of at least one sinterable powder made of ceramic or metal and at least one thermoplastic silicone resin or silicone resin mixture.
  • the molding compositions according to the invention can contain other auxiliaries, such as sintering aids, flow aids and release aids.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions can, in addition to the silicone resin, further thermoplastic binders on an organic basis or copolymers of organic ones Contain polymer with siloxanes.
  • the advantage of rapid firing is based primarily on the silicone resin chosen.
  • other thermoplastic polymers can improve the properties of the molding composition during molding without significantly increasing the burning time.
  • All powders made of metal or ceramic, including mineral raw materials for the production of ceramic, which can be sintered into a solid body, are suitable for the thermoplastic molding compositions.
  • Sinterable powders which can be used according to the invention are preferably made of oxide ceramic or non-oxide ceramic or their raw materials, and also hard metal, sintered metal, alloy steel or pure metal.
  • Examples of preferred oxide ceramics are Al2O3, MgO, ZrO2, Al2TiO5, BaTiO3, and silicate ceramics or their raw materials, such as porcelain and stoneware mixtures, which may contain clay, feldspar and quartz.
  • Examples of non-oxide ceramics are SiC, Si3N4, BN, B4C, AlN, TiN, and TiC among others.
  • Examples of sinterable hard metals are WC or TaC alloys.
  • An example of a sinterable metal is silicon, which can be reacted with nitrogen to silicon nitride at high temperatures. The powders can be used alone or as a mixture of different powders.
  • sintering aids are added, caused by formation of low-melting phases accelerate the phase change or compression during sintering at lower temperatures. These sintering aids generally have no significant influence on the thermoplastic properties of the molding compositions.
  • the organic-based thermoplastic binders according to the invention are organic polymers and waxes which have a softening temperature between 40 and 200 ° C., preferably between 40 and 160 ° C., particularly preferably between 70 and 130 ° C.
  • Examples are polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyacrylates, polyesters and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers.
  • Polyethylene, polypropylene and their copolymers and polymer-based waxes are preferred.
  • Polar polyolefin waxes and their mixtures with non-polar thermoplastic polymers are preferred.
  • Neutral and polar waxes from mineral or natural sources, such as paraffin wax, montan wax, beeswax or vegetable waxes and their derivatives, are also preferred.
  • Thermoplastic copolymers of organic polymers with polydimethylsiloxanes or silicone resins are also preferably used.
  • examples are polyester-siloxane copolymers, so-called combination resins.
  • One or more binders can be used with the silicone resin.
  • the polar polyolefin waxes to be used according to the invention are waxes which have acid numbers according to DIN 53 402 of between 5 and 180 mg KOH / g. Examples are the commercial products Hostalub® H 22 and Hostamont® TP EK 581 from Hoechst AG and the polymer additives AC® 540 and AC® 629 from Allied-Corporation.
  • the polar polyolefin waxes can either be low or highly viscous in the melt. Waxes which have viscosities between 10 and 200,000 mPa.s at 140 ° C. are preferred.
  • thermoplastic organic binders according to the invention and their copolymers with siloxanes are used in an amount which still improves the properties in the shaping or the properties of the molded part but still allows a short firing time.
  • organic thermoplastics must be completely removed from the green body during firing, which is why too large proportions of organic binders in the molding composition have a negative influence on the firing time.
  • Molding compositions in which at least 10% by weight of the total of all binders and auxiliaries consist of the silicone resins according to the invention are preferred.
  • Molding compositions with relatively little silicone resin are particularly suitable for the production of moldings in which the ceramic residue of the silicone resin has a negative influence on the properties of the Molded parts, such as molded parts made of non-oxidic ceramics, molding compositions in which at least 50% by weight of the total of all binders and auxiliaries consist of silicone resins are preferably used if the shortest possible burning time is desired.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention generally contain or in addition to the silicone resin Silicone resin mixture (and preferably the thermoplastic polymer) one or more flow aids or release aids which ensure a lowering of the viscosity of the molding composition during molding and a clean and simple removal from the mold, examples are aliphatic fatty acids and their salts and secondary products such as stearic acid, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate , Stearic alcohol, stearic acid amide, stearic acid ethyl ester or the like, oils, such as polydimethylsiloxanes, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, or copolymers of polydimethylsiloxane and polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide and the like or low molecular weight waxes such as paraffin wax, polyethylene oxide waxes or beeswax.
  • aliphatic fatty acids and their salts and secondary products such as stearic acid, calcium stearate, magnesium stea
  • Molding compositions which contain 0.25 to 10% by weight (based on the sum of all binders and auxiliaries) of stearic acid, its salts and secondary products or paraffin wax are preferred. In general, only as much flow aid is added as is necessary to bring the viscosity in the molding into the desired range.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention contain at least as much silicone resin, thermoplastic organic polymers and other auxiliaries as is necessary to obtain a thermoplastically processable composition.
  • binders together with the other auxiliaries must fill at least the free volume between the powder particles in the molding.
  • different amounts are necessary.
  • 25 to 60% by volume of binder is necessary.
  • Molding compositions with 50 to 70% by volume of powder and 30 to 50% by volume of binders and auxiliaries are preferred, and powder contents of at least 60% by volume are particularly preferred.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention are solid at room temperature, but can be plastically deformed at temperatures above the softening temperature of the silicone resin used.
  • the molding compositions have viscosities of less than 10,000 Pa.s at the processing temperature. Viscosities between 100 and 5,000 Pa.s. are particularly preferred.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention are produced by mixing the above-mentioned components at a temperature above the softening temperature of the silicone resin, any residual solvent being removed from the production of the silicone resin Suitable mixing units are, for example, kneaders, twin-screw extruders or rolling mills.
  • the molding compounds can then either be used directly or first processed into powders or granules.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention have excellent properties for thermoplastic molding, for example by injection molding, extrusion or hot pressing.
  • the molding compounds can Temperatures above the softening temperature of the silicone resin are processed plastically and introduced under pressure into molds whose temperature is below the softening temperature of the silicone resin. The molding compound solidifies again by cooling.
  • the resulting green parts have good strengths and can be processed or reworked, for example, by grinding, drilling or sawing, remnants from the shaping process can be used again.
  • thermoplastic molding compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable for the production of complicated parts by molding processes such as thermoplastic injection molding.
  • the molding compositions have good flow properties at temperatures of at least 20 ° C. above the softening temperature of the silicone resin used.
  • the molding compositions can contain high proportions of powder.
  • the green bodies produced from the molding compositions according to the invention suffer comparatively little weight loss when fired up to 1,000 ° C. The green bodies can therefore be fired in a short time.
  • the fired green bodies have high strengths and high densities.
  • the green bodies produced from the molding compositions according to the invention can be burned without errors either in air or in an inert gas atmosphere or in vacuo in a short time.
  • the firing is preferably carried out with a temperature increase program of between 0.1 to 5 ° C./min, preferably 0.5 to 5 ° C./min to 600-1000 ° C.
  • Molding compounds based on silicone resin mixtures tolerate heating temperatures up to 10 ° C / min. It can also be heated in stages at 0.1 to 5 ° C./min to a temperature between 200 and 800 ° C., kept at this temperature, if necessary until no further change in weight can be observed, and then at 5 to 50 ° C / min up to 1000 ° C.
  • the fired green bodies can then generally be sintered at temperatures between 1000 and 2000 ° C.
  • the silicone resin (1) is a solid in the solvent-free state with a softening temperature of 55 to 65 ° C, a viscosity at 130 ° C of 500 mPa.s and a density of 1.18 g / cm3.
  • 1 H NMR 300 MHz, CDCl3, ppm: ⁇ 0.15 (s, SiC H 3, Int: 150), 0.90 (mult, O (CH2) 3C H 3, Int. 10), 1.35, 1.55 (mult, OCH2 (C H 2) 2CH3, Int: 14), 2.3 (br, SiO H , Int: 0.9), 3.7 (mult, OC H 2, Int: 7).
  • the silicone resin contains 1.15 methyl groups per silicon atom.
  • a molecular formula of (CH3) 1.15 Si (O (CH2) 3CH3) 0.08 (OH) 0.007 0 1.38 can be calculated from these values.
  • the ceramic yield after pyrolysis up to 1000 ° C (heating rate 1 ° C / min) in air was 76% by weight.
  • Example 2 As in Example 1, 420 g (2.81 mol) of methyltrichlorosilane and 24 g (0.22 mol) of trimethylchlorosilane were hydrolyzed in 1.9 l of water, 335 g of xylene and 335 g of n-butanol. The water phase was separated and the still acidic solution was stirred at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. The solution was washed three times with water. Xylene-butanol was then distilled off from the resin solution in order to obtain a 77% resin solution,
  • the silicone resin (2) is a solid in the solvent-free state with a softening temperature of 70 to 75 ° C and a density of 1.13 g / cm3. According to 29Si-NMR, the silicone resin contains 1.17 methyl groups per silicon atom.
  • Example 2 As in Example 1, 420 g (2.81 mol) of methyltrichlorosilane and 12 g (0.11 mol) of trimethylchlorosilane were hydrolyzed in 1.9 l of water, 335 g of xylene and 335 g of n-butanol. The water phase was separated off and the the acidic solution was stirred at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, washed until neutral and xylene-butanol was distilled off in order to obtain a 75% resin solution.
  • the silicone resin (3) is a solid in the solvent-free state with a softening temperature of 80 to 100 ° C and a density of 1.15 g / cm3.
  • 1 H NMR 300 MHz, CDCl3, ppm: ⁇ 0.15 (s, SiCH3, Int: 149), 0.90 (mult, O (CH2) 3 CH 3, Int. 6), 1.35, 1, 50 (mult, OCH2 (C H 2) 2CH3, Int. 8), 2.2 (br, SiO H , Int: 2.3), 3.7 (mult, OC H 2 (CH2) 2CH3, Int: 4 ).
  • the silicone resin contains 1.08 methyl groups per silicon atom.
  • a molecular formula of (CH3) 1.08 Si (O (CH2) 3CH3) 0.043 (OH) 0.017 0 1.43 can be calculated from these values.
  • the silicone resin (4) is a solid in the solvent-free state with a softening temperature of 80 to 100 ° C and a density of 1.20 g / cm3, an SiOH content (Karl Fischer) of less than 0.01% and an ethoxy content ( Zeisel) of 11.5%.
  • 1 H NMR 300 MHz, CDCl3, ppm: ⁇ 0.15 (s, SiC H 3, Int: 149.8), 1.20 (br. S, OCH2C H 3, Int: 21.5), 3, 80 (br. S, OC H 2CH3, int: 14.5).
  • the ceramic yield after pyrolysis up to 1000 ° C (heating rate 2 ° C / min) in air was 75.3%.
  • the silicone resin (5) is a solid in the solvent-free state with a softening temperature of 100 to 110 ° C, an SiOH content (Karl Fischer) of less than 0.01% and an ethoxy content (Zeisel) of 11.8%.
  • 1 H NMR 300 MHz, CDCl3, ppm: ⁇ 0.15 (s, SiC H 3, Int: 149.2), 1.20 (br. S, OCH2C H 3, Int: 21), 3.80 (br. S, O C H2CH3, Int: 14.5).
  • the ceramic yield after pyrolysis up to 1,000 ° C (heating rate 2 ° C / min) in air was 76.7%.
  • the silicone resin (6) is a solid in the solvent-free state with a softening temperature of 80 to 90 ° C, an SiOH content (Karl Fischer) of less than 0.01% and an ethoxy content (Zeisel) of 8.3%.
  • 1 H NMR 300 MHz, CDCl3, ppm: ⁇ 0.15 (s, SiC H 3, Int: 147.9), 1.20 (br. S, OCH2C H 3, Int: 15.3) 3.80 (br. see OC H 2CH3, Int: 11).
  • the ceramic yield after pyrolysis up to 1,000 ° C (heating rate 2 ° C / min) in air was 76.5%.
  • Example 4 1500 g (10.0 times SiO2) Dynasil 40 and 516 g (6.4 mol Me3SiO 1/2 ) hexamethyldisiloxane were hydrolyzed with 290 g water, neutralized with sodium acetate, concentrated and filtered. 1600 g of a 75% solution of the silicone resin are obtained.
  • the silicone resin (7) is a solid with a softening temperature of 220 ° C., an SiOH content (Karl Fischer) of less than 0.01% and an ethoxy content (Zeisel) of 12.5%.
  • 1 H NMR 300 MHz, CDCl3, ppm: ⁇ 0.15 (s, SiC H 3, Int: 149.2), 1.20 (br. S, OCH2C H 3, Int: 27) 3.80 (br see OC H 2CH3, int: 18).
  • the ceramic yield after pyrolysis up to 1000 ° C (heating rate 2 ° C / min) in air was 78.7%.
  • the molding compound was pressed into pills at about 120 ° C. and 500 bar.
  • a 13 x 2.0 mm pill was used in a step-by-step heating program (25-150 ° C / 25 min; 150-400 ° C / 250 min; 400-600 ° C / 65 min; 600-1000 ° C / 20 min ) burned in air for 6.0 h to 1000 ° C.
  • the burned pill was of high strength and free of macroscopic defects. Weight loss on burning was 5.5%.
  • Example 8 Different molding compositions were prepared as in Example 8 from Al2O3 powder and the silicone resin solution 1 in a kneader. The compositions of these molding compositions are listed in Table 1. The molding compounds were pressed into pills and fired in air, Table 2. Table 1 Composition of the molding compounds No. Temp. ° C Al2O3 g Resin solution g Ca stearate g Others 9 105 415 94 5 8 g hard paraffin I 10th 105 435 100 5 2 g polyethylene oxide 11 105 415 100 5 8 g siloxane copolymer 12th 130 415 86 5 9 g hard paraffin I 8.5 g polystyrene 13 120 375 100 9 g polar polyolefin wax a kneader temperature
  • the molding compound was pressed into pills at about 120 ° C.
  • a 13 x 2.0 mm pill was burned in the air with a heating program from 1 ° C / min to 1,000 ° C.
  • the burned pill was of high strength and free of macroscopic defects.
  • the weight loss when burning was 8.4%.
  • Example 15 molding compound made of silicone resin 4)
  • the molding compound was pressed into pills at about 120 ° C. and 100 bar.
  • a 13 x 2.0 mm pill was used with a heating program from 1 ° C / min to 100 ° C, 0.5 ° C / min to 400 ° C, 1 ° C / min to 600 ° C and 5 ° C / Burned in air for up to 1,000 ° C.
  • the burned pill was of high strength and free of macroscopic defects. Weight loss on burning was 9.0%.
  • Example 15 Different molding compositions were prepared as in Example 15 from Al2O3 powder, silicone resin and auxiliaries in a kneader. The compositions of these molding compositions are listed in Table 3. The molding compounds were pressed into pills and fired in air, Table 4. Table 3 Composition of the molding compounds No. Al2O3 g Silicone resin Others No.
  • the molding compound was pressed into pills at about 120 ° C. and 100 bar.
  • the pills were easy to demould and were of high strength.
  • a 13 x 2.0 mm pill was used with a heating program from 1 ° C / min to 100 ° C, 0.5 ° C / min to 400 ° C, 1 ° C / min to 600 ° C and 5 ° C / Burned in air up to 1000 ° C.
  • the burned pill was of high strength and free of macroscopic defects. The weight loss when burning was 7.2%.
  • Example 21 Different molding compositions were prepared as in Example 21 from Al2O3 powder and various silicone resin mixtures in a kneader.
  • the compositions of these molding compositions are listed in Table 6.
  • the molding compounds were pressed into pills at about 120 ° C., The molding compounds could be easily removed from the mold and did not stick to the molding walls, The pressed molding compounds were of different hardness, With increasing proportion of the silicone resins (3), (4) and (7) the pressed molding compounds became harder and more brittle, the pressed molding compounds could be burned without errors in a short time, Table 7.
  • Example 21 As in Example 21, 39.1 g of a 64% resin solution (25 g resin) from Example 1, 10 g montan wax, 10 g copolymer wax and 5 g stearic acid amide were mixed with 253 g porcelain powder and kneaded for a total of 1 hour. A plastic molding compound with good flow properties is obtained, which solidifies on cooling. The powder volume fraction of the molding compound is calculated to be about 62%.
  • the molding compound has a density of 1.97 g / cm3 and has a viscosity of 700 Pa.s at a shear rate of 100 s ⁇ 1 and 350 Pa.s at 700 s ⁇ 1.
  • the molding compound was injected in an injection molding machine at a mass temperature of 130-140 ° C, a mold temperature of 35 ° C and a pressure of 900 bar to 80x20x5 mm rods.
  • the molded parts were free from macroscopic defects. The molded parts could be burned without errors in less than 30 hours.
  • the weight loss was 17.7%.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne de nouvelles matières moulables thermoplastiques servant à la fabrication de pièces moulées en céramique ou en métal, à partir des poudres céramiques ou métalliques correspondantes. Les matières moulables thermoplastiques sont utilisées entre autres dans des procédés tels que le moulage par injection, l'extrusion ou l'estampage à chaud, pour lesquels il est nécessaire d'avoir des qualités rhéologiques qui soient fonction de la température.

Claims (8)

  1. Matière à mouler thermoplastique contenant au moins une résine de silicone thermoplastique dont la température de ramollissement est de 30 à 200°C et qui répond à la formule moyenne

    R 1 a Si(OH) b (OR²) c O (4-a-b-c)/2    (I)
    Figure imgb0004

    dans laquelle
    a   a des valeurs de 0,95 à 1,5 et
    c   a des valeurs de 0 à 0,2,
    la somme (a+b+c) va de 1,05 à 1,7,
    la somme (b+c) est égale à 0,3 au maximum,
    chacun des symboles R¹ représente H, un groupe alkyle en C₁-C₁₈, allyle, vinyle ou phényle,
    chacun des symboles R² représente un groupe alkyle en C₁-C₁₈,
    au moins 70 % des substituants R¹ et R² consistant en groupes méthyle,
    et au moins une poudre frittable.
  2. Matière à mouler thermoplastique selon revendication 1 contenant en outre un autre liant thermoplastique à base organique ou à base d'un copolymère de siloxane.
  3. Matière à mouler thermoplastique selon revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que les liants à base organique sont des polymères ou cires organiques ayant une température de ramollissement de 40 à 200°C.
  4. Matière à mouler thermoplastique selon une des revendications 1 à 3, contenant en outre au moins un composant choisi parmi les produits auxiliaires de frittage, les agents fluidifiants et les agents de démoulage.
  5. Matière à mouler thermoplastique selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la résine de silicone thermoplastique consiste en un mélange d'au moins deux résines de silicones, la première ayant une température de ramollissement de 30 à 120°C et l'autre une température de ramollissement d'au moins 60°C, la différence des températures de ramollissement étant d'au moins 20°C.
  6. Matière à mouler thermoplastique selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle contient de 50 à 70 % en volume d'une poudre frittable et de 30 à 50 % en volume d'une résine de silicone thermoplastique et de produits auxiliaires.
  7. Procédé de préparation de matières à mouler thermoplastiques selon une des revendications 1 à 6, par mélange de poudres frittables avec des liants, des produits auxiliaires de frittage et d'autres produits auxiliaires à des températures supérieures à la température de ramollissement de la résine de silicone ou du mélange de résines de silicones.
  8. Procédé de préparation de corps frittés, caractérisé en ce que, après façonnage des matières à mouler thermoplastiques selon une des revendications 1 à 6 par moulage par injection, extrusion ou compression à chaud, on les cuit d'abord à une température de 200 à 1 000°C puis on les fritte à des températures de 1 000 à 2 000°C.
EP92913754A 1991-07-10 1992-06-30 Matieres moulables thermoplastiques, leur procede de fabrication et procede de fabrication de pieces moulees en ceramique ou en metal par frittage Expired - Lifetime EP0593548B1 (fr)

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DE4122764A DE4122764A1 (de) 1991-07-10 1991-07-10 Thermoplastische formmassen, verfahren zu deren herstellung und verfahren zur herstellung von formteilen aus keramik oder metall durch sintern
DE4122764 1991-07-10
DE19914134694 DE4134694A1 (de) 1991-10-21 1991-10-21 Thermoplastische formmassen, verfahren zu deren herstellung und verfahren zur herstellung von formteilen aus keramik oder metall durch sintern
DE4134694 1991-10-21
DE4212593 1992-04-15
DE19924212593 DE4212593A1 (de) 1992-04-15 1992-04-15 Thermoplastische Formmassen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formteilen aus Keramik oder Metall durch Sintern
PCT/EP1992/001466 WO1993001146A1 (fr) 1991-07-10 1992-06-30 Matieres moulables thermoplastiques, leur procede de fabrication et procede de fabrication de pieces moulees en ceramique ou en metal par frittage

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US5635250A (en) * 1985-04-26 1997-06-03 Sri International Hydridosiloxanes as precursors to ceramic products
DE4444597C2 (de) * 1994-12-14 1998-11-05 Klingspor Gmbh C Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Aluminiumoxid enthaltenden gesinterten Materials
DE102006020967A1 (de) * 2006-05-05 2007-11-08 Goldschmidt Gmbh Reaktives, flüssiges Keramikbindemittel
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IE69044B1 (en) 1996-08-07
IE922239A1 (en) 1993-01-13
ES2078748T3 (es) 1995-12-16
EP0593548A1 (fr) 1994-04-27
DE59203599D1 (de) 1995-10-12
JPH06509127A (ja) 1994-10-13
WO1993001146A1 (fr) 1993-01-21

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