EP0656232B1 - Verfahren zum Hochleistungsemission von akustischen Wellen und damit übereinstimmende Wandlerhorne - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Hochleistungsemission von akustischen Wellen und damit übereinstimmende Wandlerhorne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0656232B1
EP0656232B1 EP94402687A EP94402687A EP0656232B1 EP 0656232 B1 EP0656232 B1 EP 0656232B1 EP 94402687 A EP94402687 A EP 94402687A EP 94402687 A EP94402687 A EP 94402687A EP 0656232 B1 EP0656232 B1 EP 0656232B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
headmasse
core
transducer
assembly
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94402687A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0656232A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Scarpitta
Didier Boucher
Thierry Wintz
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Direction General de lArmement DGA
Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise
Original Assignee
Delegation Generale pour lArmement
Gouvernement de la Republique Francaise
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K13/00—Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
    • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
    • B06B1/0611—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile
    • B06B1/0618—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements in a pile of piezo- and non-piezoelectric elements, e.g. 'Tonpilz'

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of transmitting high power acoustic waves and corresponding transducer pavilions.
  • the technical sector of the invention is that of the production of electroacoustic transducers.
  • the main application of the invention is to be able to increase the emission power of a submersible transducer, composed at least of a horn and a motor pillar, and capable of emitting acoustic waves in a liquid.
  • Immersible electro-acoustic transducers and in particular piezoelectric transducers, are also known, comprising a rigid cylindrical box, hollow and open at its two axial ends, and inside which two electro-motors are arranged coaxially with it.
  • identical acoustics placed on either side of a central counter-mass, and whose opposite ends are surrounded by a horn: these transducers are said to be of the double "Tonpilz" type.
  • Said electro-acoustic motors can be produced by two stacks of aligned piezoelectric plates.
  • the external faces of the two pavilions are located in the plane of the axial ends of the case, so that they are in contact with the liquid, in which the case is immersed, and the external perimeter of these pavilions comes as close as possible to the edge. open axial ends of said housing.
  • these external faces emit acoustic waves into the liquid when the electro-acoustic motors are electronically excited: these transducers are used in particular to emit low frequency acoustic waves in water in a determined direction; for an application of this type of mono or double "Tonpilz" transducer to high power emissions, mention may be made of the application FR. 2,663,182 by Gilles GROSSO published on December 13, 1991, which describes additional devices to obtain increased power.
  • the bandwidth of the transducer is then narrower and lower than for a standard transducer and does not make it possible to possibly satisfy the needs, depending on the desired application.
  • the problem posed is indeed to be able, from a transducer comprising at least one motor pillar and at least one flag which is integral with it, and having a given bulk, to increase its power up to and of the order of at least 50%, while remaining within a range of emission frequencies corresponding to that of the standard transducer of the same size.
  • said pillar in order to obtain better efficiency and a higher power increase, is embedded in said core and the same external dimensions of the transducer are preserved, by increasing the length of said pillar.
  • a horn of acoustic wave emission transducer comprising at least one engineered pillar of cylindrical shape, one end of which is integral with said horn, which is composed of a central core, in rigid material, ensuring the coupling with the end of said pillar, and of an external crown surrounding said core and made of material lighter than the latter.
  • the end of said pillar is embedded in said core, and preferably, said crown is made of aluminum material or alloy of this metal for 65 to 85% of the volume and said core is made of steel or an alloy of this metal occupying the rest of the volume of the pavilion.
  • the result is a new method for transmitting high-power acoustic waves, and new horns for transmitting transducers of such acoustic waves.
  • this electromechanical coupling coefficient itself depends on the shape of the pillar, that of the pavilion, its elasticity, the central mass and their assembly, knowing that a primary factor is the elasticity of the pavilion.
  • the choice of making a pavilion in bi-material, preferably metallic, with a rigid central core and a light peripheral ring allows both to have sufficient rigidity to obtain a better coupling efficiency, thanks to the core, and on the other hand, to have a generally light pavilion thanks to the crown, making it possible to maintain the desired frequency and bandwidth.
  • the parasitic frequency due to the deformation and the elasticity of the pavilion is a function of ⁇ E / r, where r is the density of the material and E its modulus of elasticity, and of the shape of said horn: to minimize the loss of energy due to this deformation, this natural frequency must be outside the working frequency range of the transducer.
  • the E / r ratio being constant for all metallic materials, the choice of a low density does not change this resonant frequency, and this all the more since the central core is reinforced by a rigid part, which can be adapted to the desired shape of the pavilion and makes it possible to improve the rigidity of the assembly: thus, with equal volume and overall dimensions of a heavy single-material pavilion, it is possible to lighten this, keep the same resonant frequency, and therefore the same possible working frequencies, while reducing the overall weight and increasing the power transmissible by said horn.
  • the internal volume of the rear cavity is thus kept to put there equipment such as baffles or other closed elastic tubes, necessary for the performance of the assembly, and as indicated previously.
  • this central rigid material makes it possible to leave it in direct contact with the medium, ensuring a thermal bridge, to evacuate the calories emitted by electro-acoustic motors, because any rigid material is more self-protected than materials. light which are more susceptible to oxidation.
  • Figure 1 is an axial sectional view of a transducer of the type indicated above, and equipped with flags according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 represents the variation curves of the coupling coefficient and of the resonance frequency of a horn as a function of the percentage of steel in the total volume of the horn.
  • Figure 3 is a representation of the shape of the product of the resonant frequency and the square of the coupling coefficient of Figure 2, as a function of the percentage of steel in the total volume of the horn.
  • the transducer as shown in section in this FIG. 1 therefore comprises, in a known manner, two electro-acoustic motors 1 aligned on an axis xx ', placed on either side of a central counterweight 2 and coaxially with the interior of a cylindrical housing 5, which can be called external covering all of said motors 1 up to the pavilions 3 at the end thereof, the cavity 7, thus delimited by said pavilions and said housing being filled with liquid 4 in which the entire transducer is immersed, such as sea water.
  • Said electro-acoustic motors 1 and the intermediate mass 2 are on the one hand, held together by a prestressing rod 9, also immobilizing the two pavilions 3 on the ends of the pillar thus formed, and on the other hand, assembled using different connecting pieces 11, themselves associated with different fixing pieces 12, connecting said electro-acoustic motors to the external housing 5.
  • the various fixing means are such that they allow freedom of movement, on the one hand at the ends of the electro-acoustic motors on the side of the pavilions, and on the other hand, the pavilions 3 themselves, with respect to this said housing 5, so as to ensure the full emission of acoustic waves in the ambient environment.
  • An inner sheath 13 isolates the preload rod from said motors 1, and an outer sealing envelope 8 insulates these motors 1 from the ambient environment 4.
  • the power supply of said electro-acoustic motors 1 is supplied by any power cable 10 fixed to said connection parts 11 by an electrical connector 14.
  • the production of such a transducer and all of the various connection parts constituting it are from the field known and achievable by any person skilled in the art: all the other elements making it possible in particular to obtain the Helmholtz resonance frequency of the cavity as indicated in the introduction, as well as the various connecting elements making it possible to improve the mechanical construction of the assembly are not shown here, some have been the subject of various other patent applications such as those in particular cited in the introduction.
  • said external housing 5 comprises at least one opening 6 for communication with the outside, said opening possibly consisting of holes distributed around the cylindrical part of the housing or even consisting of a complete circular peripheral opening; in addition, due to the fact that the cavity 7 is not sealed and communicates with the outside, said end pavilions 3 are not connected at their periphery to the housing 5 and can all the more have freedom of movement .
  • each of said pavilions 3 is composed of a central core 15 of rigid material, ensuring the coupling with the end of said pillar 1 and an external crown 16 surrounding said core 15, is made of lighter material than that this.
  • the two ends of said pillar 1 can be embedded in each of said cores 15 of the pavilions 3: in fact, the fact of embedding a part of the ceramic discs in the pavilions, does not significantly modify the coupling coefficient, because d on the one hand, the elasticity of the electroacoustic motor is thus increased, so this tends to increase this coefficient, and on the other hand, the particular shape of the pavilion obtained, increases the parasitic elasticity and comes to reduce this coefficient.
  • the power supplied by a transducer is proportional to the product: V c (volume of ceramics) x Fr (resonance frequency) x K 2 (electromechanical coupling coefficient): with an embedded pillar, we will therefore have a higher power for a constant bulk.
  • said core 15 is shown in a cylindrical shape, the same axis as that of the pillar 1, but it could be given other shapes such as frustoconical.
  • said rigid core 15 made of rigid material, preferably stainless steel, this can be brought into direct contact with the ambient environment to allow thermal evacuation of the calories from the electro-acoustic motors 1, as shown on the left-hand side of FIG. 1, where the outer casing 17 protecting the entire pavilion is open around the axis xx 'of the transducer to leave a surface 18 of the core 15 in contact with the outside.
  • the volume percentages of the core 15 and of the crown 16 can be different, but preferably, when said crown 16 is made of aluminum material or d alloy of this metal, its volume is 65 to 85% of the total volume of the roof 3 and said core 15, which is then preferably taken from steel or an alloy of this metal, as referenced previously "25CD4", occupies the rest of the volume of Pavilion 3 is 35 to 15% respectively.
  • the aluminum or rather the alloy of this metal is for example of the "AU4G" type and its percentage by volume constituting said crown 16 is preferably from 75 to 80% of the total volume of the roof 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Hochleistungs-Sendeverfahren von Schallwellen ab einem Schallwandler, mit mindestens einem zylindrischen Motorständer (1) und mindestens einem Schalltrichter (3) mit bestimmten Dimensionen und externem Volumen, um Wellen auf einem Frequenzbereich und mit einer gegebenen Leistung zu übertragen, und dazu mit einem Ende des besagten Ständers (1) verbunden, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    - man die Kopplung zwischen dem besagten Ständer (1) und dem besagten Schalltrichter (3) anhand eines Kerns (15) aus steifem Werkstoff, der in der Mitte des Schalltrichters (3) angeordnet ist, gewährleistet;
    - man die externe Krone (16) des Schalltrichters, die den besagten Kern (15) umgibt, aus leichterem Werkstoff als diesen Kern herstellt und sie das besagte bestimmte Volumen ergänzt;
    - man die Sendeleistung des Schallwandlers für den gleichen gegebenen Frequenzbereich erhöht.
  2. Sendeverfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß:
    - man den besagten Ständer (1) in den besagten Kern (15) einläßt;
    - man die gleichen externen Abmessungen des Schallwandlers durch Vergrößerung der Länge des besagten Ständers (1) beibehält.
  3. Sendeverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den besagten Schalltrichter (3) aus einer Krone (16) aus Aluminium oder einer Legierung dieses Metalls herstellt, die 65 bis 85 % des Gesamtvolumens des Schalltrichters (3) darstellt, und aus einem Kern (15) aus Stahl oder einer Legierung dieses Metalls, der das restliche Volumen des Schalltrichters (3) einnimmt.
  4. Schalltrichter für Schallwandler zum Senden von Schallwellen nach dem Verfahren, nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, mit mindestens einem Motorständer (1) zylindrischer Form, dessen eines Ende mit dem besagten Schalltrichter (3) verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er aus einem zentralen Kern (15) und aus steifem Werkstoff besteht, wodurch die Kopplung mit dem Ende des besagten Ständers (1) gewährleistet wird, sowie aus einer externen Krone (16), die den besagten Kern (15) umgibt und aus einem leichteren Werkstoff als dieser besteht.
  5. Schalltrichter für Schallwandler nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ende des besagten Ständers (1) in den besagten Kern (15) eingelassen ist.
  6. Schalltrichter für Schallwandler nach einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte Krone (16) aus Aluminium oder einer Legierung dieses Metalls für 65 bis 85 % des Volumens besteht, und der besagte Kern (15) aus Stahl oder einer Legierung dieses Metalls besteht, wodurch der Rest des Volumens des Schalltrichters (3) ausgefüllt wird.
  7. Schalltrichter für Schallwandler nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der besagte Kern (15) zylindrisch ist, der gleichen Achse wie diejenige des Ständers (1).
  8. Schalltrichter für Schallwandler nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der besagte Kern (15) kegelstumpfartig ist, mit der gleichen Achse wie der Ständer (1).
  9. Schalltrichter für Schallwandler nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil der externen Fläche des besagten Kerns (15) in direktem Kontakt mit der Umgebung steht.
  10. Schalltrichter für Schallwandler nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Volumen des Aluminiums oder einer Legierung dieses Metalls, aus dem die besagte Krone (16) besteht, 75 bis 80 % des Gesamtvolumens des Schalltrichters (3) ausmacht.
EP94402687A 1993-12-03 1994-11-24 Verfahren zum Hochleistungsemission von akustischen Wellen und damit übereinstimmende Wandlerhorne Expired - Lifetime EP0656232B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9314502 1993-12-03
FR9314502A FR2713429B1 (fr) 1993-12-03 1993-12-03 Procédé d'émission de forte puissance d'ondes acoustiques et pavillons de transducteurs correspondants.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0656232A1 EP0656232A1 (de) 1995-06-07
EP0656232B1 true EP0656232B1 (de) 1997-02-12

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EP94402687A Expired - Lifetime EP0656232B1 (de) 1993-12-03 1994-11-24 Verfahren zum Hochleistungsemission von akustischen Wellen und damit übereinstimmende Wandlerhorne

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5483502A (de)
EP (1) EP0656232B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2137185C (de)
DE (1) DE69401738T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2713429B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2731129B1 (fr) * 1995-02-23 1997-04-11 France Etat Procede et dispositif pour diminuer la frequence de resonance des cavites des transducteurs immergeables
EP1060798A1 (de) * 1999-06-18 2000-12-20 Prokic Miodrag Einkolben Ultraschallrichtwandler
FR2818754B1 (fr) * 2000-12-21 2004-06-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif pour engendrer des ondes elastiques focalisees dans un milieu materiel tel que le sous-sol, et methode pour sa mise en oeuvre
US7583010B1 (en) * 2006-12-04 2009-09-01 Lockheed Martin Corporation Hybrid transducer
FR2971112B1 (fr) * 2011-02-01 2014-01-03 Ixblue Transducteur electro-acoustique basse frequence et procede de generation d'ondes acoustiques.
US20150293213A1 (en) * 2014-04-10 2015-10-15 Franklin S. Felber Efficient, high-power mechanical transducers for acoustic waves in dense media
CN112040371A (zh) * 2020-07-20 2020-12-04 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 一种深水用低频开缝液壁耦合换能器
CN115532570A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2022-12-30 中国科学院声学研究所 一种深水无指向性换能器

Family Cites Families (11)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US666666A (en) * 1900-05-17 1901-01-29 John L Hackett Device for picking fruit.
US5274608A (en) * 1964-11-18 1993-12-28 Ceridian Corporation Sonar transducer
US3624429A (en) * 1968-07-25 1971-11-30 Us Navy Free flooded deep submergence transducer
US4231112A (en) * 1970-07-30 1980-10-28 Fred M. Dellorfano, Jr. High-power underwater transducer with improved performance and reliability characteristics and method for controlling said improved characteristics
FR2528727A1 (fr) * 1982-06-16 1983-12-23 Ultra Soniques Applic Dispositif emetteur d'ultrasons
JPS6118299A (ja) * 1984-07-04 1986-01-27 Nec Corp ボルト締めランジュバン振動子
FR2665998B1 (fr) * 1988-05-05 1993-10-29 Etat Francais Delegue Armement Procedes et transducteurs electro-acoustiques pour emettre des ondes acoustiques a basse frequence dans un liquide.
US4972390A (en) * 1989-04-03 1990-11-20 General Instrument Corp. Stack driven flexural disc transducer
JPH0787711B2 (ja) * 1989-11-06 1995-09-20 日本電気株式会社 超音波モータ
FR2663181B1 (fr) * 1990-06-06 1994-02-04 Didier Lanne Procede de reproduction de sons et enceinte en vue de sa mise en óoeuvre en vue de couvrir une large bande passante et d'avoir un faible taux de distorsion.
FR2663182B1 (fr) * 1990-06-12 1992-09-18 Grosso Gilles Transducteur electro-acoustique immerge.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2137185A1 (fr) 1995-06-04
FR2713429A1 (fr) 1995-06-09
DE69401738T2 (de) 1997-06-19
DE69401738D1 (de) 1997-03-27
EP0656232A1 (de) 1995-06-07
US5483502A (en) 1996-01-09
FR2713429B1 (fr) 1996-02-09
CA2137185C (fr) 2004-02-10

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