Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/34—Fog-inhibitors; Stabilisers; Agents inhibiting latent image regression
  • G03C1/346—Organic derivatives of bivalent sulfur, selenium or tellurium
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein

Definitions

• US 3,418,130; 3,462,272 and 3,563,755 are directed to silver halide emulsions as antifoggants containing specified classes of tetrazaindenes, added after chemical or physical digestion.
• Photographic materials stabilized with tetrazaindene derivatives show acceptable sensitometric characteristics immediately after coating, but unacceptable keeping properties, with a decrease of contrast values and an increase of speed and Dmax values.
• Silver halide photographic red-sensitive materials are particularly suitable for exposures in the range from about 600 nm to about 700 nm, for example, with exposures with He-Ne (633 nm) and red diode (650, 670 nm) lasers.
• Said red-sensitive materials contain silver halide emulsions, generally silver chlorobromide emulsions having a large content of silver chloride (e.g., more than 50% moles, preferably more than 60% moles), and having an average grain size equal or lower to 0.30 ⁇ m.
• red-sensitive materials must be stabilized to maintain good sensitometric properties after long term storage. This is a particular problem for this kind of materials. These materials show good sensitometric values for speed and contrast values on fresh materials, obtained for example with the addition of soluble halides, but they also show an undesired change in said values during keeping. On the other side, said red-sensitive materials can show good keeping properties when stabilized with tetrazole derivative compounds, but the speed on the fresh materials is too low.
• US 4,332,888 describes a method for stabilizing a photosensitive silver halide emulsion by a) providing sufficient stabilizer to the emulsion to stop chemical ripening without interfering with spectral sensitization, b) spectrally sensitizing said emulsion and c) adding to said emulsion a water soluble bromide salt, 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole compound and a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of a hydroxytriazaindene, an aminotriazaindene, a hydroxytetrazaindene, an aminotetrazaindene, a hydroxypentazaindene and an aminopentazaindene.
• the stabilizer in step a) is the same as in step c), however any material which will stop chemical ripening may be employed.
• Said method provides a degree of short term stability to the emulsion during the spectral sensitization.
• the long term stability is then provided subsequent to spectral sensitization with the introduction of said combination of stabilizers in step c).
• the emulsion disclosed in said patent is chloride free and contains 6% of iodide and 94% of bromide, and it is particularly useful for color diffusion transfer film units and silver diffusion transfer film units.
• US 4,536,473 describes a light-sensitive material comprising emulsion layers with silver halide grains containing at least silver chloride, the material being sensitized to infrared radiation with a tricarbocyanine or a dicarbocyanine dye.
• the emulsion layer contains from 0.0003 to 0.01 mole per silver mole of a water-soluble bromide, such as ammonium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide and lithium bromide, added after the addition of the spectral sensitizing dye.
• US 4,794,070 discloses a photographic element comprising a base layer and at least a silver halide photographic emulsion on one side of said base, the element containing at least one layer which is free of silver halide and contains at least 0.1 gram per square meter of bromide ions as an aqueous alkaline soluble bromide salt.
• the emulsion is sensitized to infrared radiation.
• the addition of said bromide salt into radiographic elements reduces the developer chemistry fluctuations.
• US 4,786,588 discloses silver halide particles which are transhalogenated by adding thereto a specified amount of water-soluble bromide just before or during sulfur sensitization, to obtain a sulfur-sensitized silver halide emulsion of high sensitivity. If the sulfur sensitizer is added to the emulsion after a long period of time from the addition of the water-soluble bromide, said addition of water-soluble bromide is almost ineffective for elevation of the sensitivity. On the contrary, if the water-soluble bromide is added to the emulsion after the complete ripening thereof to achieve the maximum sensitivity by the previous addition of the sulfur sensitizer to the emulsion, the sensitivity of the emulsion is not elevated, but is rather lowered.
• US 5,068,167 describes a high contrast photographic material comprising a silver halide emulsion in association with a hydrazine, said material having reduced fog due to the presence of water-soluble bromide and/or water-soluble chloride added to the emulsion at any suitable stage during preparation. Addition is generally made after the washing stage and may conventionally be added together with any sensitizing dye.
• US 4,830,958 describes a color light-sensitive photographic material which is excellent in rapid processability and has little sensitivity variation caused by a change on standing in the preparation of the material. It comprises at least one silver halide emulsion layer containing highly chloride-containing silver halide grains, a water-soluble bromide and a high boiling organic solvent to disperse a photographic coupler.
• the water-soluble bromides may be added at any point of time from the completion of the chemical ripening of a silver halide emulsion to the coating of the emulsion.
• European Patent Application 440,947 discloses silver halide photographic elements sensitive to infrared radiation, wherein at least one infrared sensitized emulsion layer is associated with a 1-aryl-5-mercaptotetrazole group substituted in the aryl group by at least one electron-attracting group, such as for example a fluoroalkyl group.
• Japanese Patent application No. 04-329,536 discloses a silver halide photographic emulsion supersensitized by a phenylmercaptotetrazole compound having at least a trifluoromethyl group as a substituent of the benzene ring. Said supersensitizer is dissolved in a solvent and added to the emulsion, before or after the addition of a sensitizer.
• photographic elements showing good initial sensitometric values, in particular related to speed values, and good keeping properties, related to speed and contrast values.
• a method for stabilizing a photosensitive silver halide emulsion which comprises the following steps, in sequence:
• the method of the present invention provides photographic elements showing good initial sensitometric values and good keeping properties, in particular with reference to speed and contrast values.
• the present invention refers to a light-sensitive silver halide photographic element comprising a support bearing at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer comprising a water-soluble bromide salt and a compound of previous formula (I) or (II).
• water-soluble bromide salts include various compounds capable of dissociating to a bromide in water.
• a salt of bromide such as ammonium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium bromide, lithium bromide, etc.
• an appropriate organic bromide for example tetraethylammonium bromide, ethylpyridinium bromide, etc. can be also used.
• cadmium bromide and zinc bromide, etc. are poisonous when they are excessively absorbed by human body. Therefore, biologically harmless (non-toxic) water-soluble bromides are preferred as described above.
• the water-soluble bromide to be added to the silver halide emulsion is used in an amount sufficient to substantially increase the sensitivity of the emulsion and/or to substantially prevent any change in sensitivity while time passing.
• the amount of water-soluble bromide can be varied in a wide range and, particularly preferred results can be obtained when the bromide is added prior to spectral sensitization in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 2 millimoles per silver mole, preferably from about 0.2 to about 1.70 millimoles per silver mole.
• Said water-soluble salts must be added before spectral sensitization to obtain better sensitometric results, in particular higher speed on the fresh material, and to reduce the variation of said sensitometric values on incubation test.
• the emulsion is spectrally sensitized.
• the spectral sensitizers used in the present invention are those commonly known in the art which are suitable for exposure in the range from about 620 nm to about 680 nm, for example with He-Ne (633 nm) and red diode (650, 670 nm) laser exposures.
• Useful spectral sensitizers are, for example, trinuclear merocyanine dyes having a benzothiazole or benzoselenazole group described in US 5,116,722, merocyanine spectral sensitizing dyes containing at least two acid groups disclosed in CH Patent Application No.
• Spectral sensitizing dyes used in the present invention can be prepared according to procedures well-known in the art, such as those described in James, The Theory of Photographic Processes , MacMillan, 4 th edition, 1977.
• Spectral sensitizing dyes used in the present invention are incorporated in the silver halide photographic emulsion in a content of from 0.01 to 0.20 grams/silver mole, preferably from 0.02 to 0.16 grams/silver mol.
• the spectral sensitizing dyes useful in the present invention can be directly dispersed in the emulsion. Alternatively, they may be first dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as methyl alcohol, methylcellosolve, acetone, water, pyridine or a mixture thereof and then added to the emulsion as a solution.
• a suitable solvent such as methyl alcohol, methylcellosolve, acetone, water, pyridine or a mixture thereof.
• sensitizing dyes may be uniformly dispersed in the silver halide emulsion prior to the coating thereof onto a suitable support base.
• the dispersion procedure can be performed in any suitable step of the silver halide emulsion preparation.
• Any silver halide photographic emulsion type can be used in the practice of the present invention.
• Silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodobromide, silver chlorobromide, silver chloroiodobromide and mixtures thereof can be used, for instance, dispersed in a hydrophilic colloid or binder. Any configuration of grains, cubic, orthorombic, hexagonal, epitaxial, or tabular (high aspect ratio) grains may be used.
• the colloid may be partially hardened or fully hardened by any of the variously known photographic hardeners.
• Such hardeners are free aldehydes, aldehyde releasing compounds, triazines and diazines, aziridines, vinylsulfones, carbodiimides, and the like may be used, as described, for example, in US 3,232,764; 2,870,013; 3,819,608; 3,325,287; 3,992,366; 3,271,175 and 3,490,911.
• R may be nitro, cyano, fluoroalkyl, halogen (preferably, chlorine or bromine) or a COOR1 group, wherein R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, etc); and n is an integer from 1 to 5.
• R is a straight or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl group has at least one fluorine atom per carbon, preferably at least 1.5 fluorine atom per carbon, more preferably all hydrogen atoms substituted with fluorine atoms.
• alkyl group includes not only such alkyl moieties as methyl, ethyl, octyl, stearyl, etc., but also such moieties bearing substituent groups such as halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, nitro, amine, carboxylate, etc.
• alkyl moiety includes only methyl, ethyl, octyl, stearyl, cyclohexyl, etc.
• R2 is a branched alkyl chain having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably is a t-butyl.
• the compounds of formula (I) are added to the silver halide photographic emulsion in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 2.0 millimoles per silver mole, preferably from about 0.20 to about 1.70 millimoles per silver mole.
• the silver halide emulsions may be chemically sensitized using the usual sensitizing agents. Sulfur containing compounds, gold and noble metal compounds, polyoxyalkylene compounds are particularly suitable. Methods for chemically sensitizing silver halide emulsions are described, for example, in Research Disclosure 17643, Section III, 1978.
• Gelatin is generally used as hydrophilic colloid for the silver halide photographic elements of the present invention.
• hydrophilic colloids gelatin derivatives, natural substances such as albumin, casein, agar-agar, alginic acid and the like, and hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cellulose ethers, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, and the like can be used in addition to or instead of gelatin.
• gelatin can be partially substituted with polymer latexes obtained by emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers, such as polyethylacrylate latexes, to improve the physical characteristics of the photographic layers.
• the support base used in the silver halide photographic elements of this invention can be any of the conventionally used support bases, such as glass, cloth, metal, film including for example cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate-butyrate, cellulose nitrate, polyester (such as for instance, polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate), polyamine, polystyrene, and the like, paper including baryta, coated paper, resin-coated paper, and the like.
• polyester such as for instance, polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate
• polyamine polystyrene
• paper including baryta, coated paper, resin-coated paper, and the like.
• the silver halide emulsions according to the present invention may be used as photosensitive emulsions for various photographic elements, such as high surface sensitivity or high internal sensitivity negative emulsions, surface-fogged or unfogged direct-positive emulsions, print-out emulsions, reversal emulsions, emulsions for black-and-white materials, for color materials, radiographic materials, color transfer materials, and the like.
• the photographic elements according to this invention may be processed to form a visible image upon association of the silver halides with an alkaline aqueous medium in the presence of a developing agent contained in the medium or in the photographic elements, as known in the art.
• the processing comprises at least a color developing bath and, optionally, a prehardening bath, a neutralizing bath, a first (black and white) developing bath, etc.
• a prehardening bath e.g., a prehardening bath, a neutralizing bath, a first (black and white) developing bath, etc.
• a monodispersed cubic silver chlorobromide emulsion (64% chloride, 36% bromide) was prepared, having an average size of 0.28 ⁇ m and being doped with iridium and ruthenium compounds in an amount of 0.3 and 0.6 mole per silver mole, respectively.
• the emulsion was then chemically sensitized with gold, thiosulfate and p-toluene-thiosulfonate and stabilized with a 2-methylthio-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-triazaindolizine.
• the emulsion was then spectrally sensitized with a trinuclear merocyanine dye having a maximum absorbance at 569 and 608 nm in methyl alcohol solution.
• a coating was then prepared by coating the emulsion onto a polyvinylidene chloride subbed polyester base at a silver coverage of 4.3 g/m2 (Sample 1).
• Samples 2 to 10 were prepared as Sample 1, by adding however potassium bromide salts before the addition of the spectral sensitizing dye and then Compound (1) of the present invention after the addition of the spectral sensitizing dye, in the amounts reported in Table 1.
• Table 1 Samples KBr moles per 100 Ag moles Compound 1 mmoles/Ag mole 1 (reference) 0 0 2 (comparison) 0.5 0 3 (comparison) 1 0 4 (comparison) 1.5 0 5 (comparison) 0 0.26 6 (comparison) 0 0.38 7 (comparison) 0 0.50 8 (comparison) 0 0.73 9 (invention) 0.6 0.50 10 (invention) 1 0.40
• the toe contrast corresponds to the absolute value of the slope of the line joining the density points of 0.07 and 0.17 above Dmin.
• the average contrast corresponds to the absolute value of the slope of the line joining the density points of 0.10 and 2.50 above Dmin and the shoulder contrast corresponds to the absolute value of the slope of the line joining the density points of 1.60 and 4.00 above Dmin.
• Tables 2 and 3 show that samples 2-4, containing potassium bromide but no additional stabilizing compound, give a speed increase and small contrast decreases on the fresh coated materials versus reference sample 1, but the decrease of contrast values is still unacceptable after the samples have been subjected to the incubation test. In fact, the contrast values are considered acceptable in the present invention when the variation is lower than 15%. Samples 5-8, containing Compound (1) of the present invention but not containing potassium bromide, have too low shoulder contrast (lower than 11.0) and speed on the fresh materials, even if the keeping properties are good.
• Samples 9 and 10 containing both potassium bromide and Compound (1) of the present invention, give good speed and contrast values on the fresh coated materials; said sensitometric properties are very good also after the incubation test, with a small increase in the variation of the speed and a low variation of the contrast values, much lower than those of reference sample 1.
• Sample 11 was prepared as Sample 10 of Example 1, but the amount of Compound (1) was of 0.13 mmoles per silver mole.
• Sample 12 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by Compound (2) of the present invention.
• Sample 13 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by 0.50 mmoles per silver mole of the Compound (5) of the present invention.
• Sample 14 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by 0.50 mmoles per silver mole of the compound (6) of the present invention.
• Sample 15 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by comparison Compound A.
• Sample 16 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by comparison Compound B.
• Sample 17 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by comparison Compound C.
• Sample 18 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by comparison Compound D.
• Sample 19 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by comparison Compound E.
• Sample 20 was prepared as Sample 11, but Compound (1) of the present invention was replaced by 0.50 mmoles per silver mole of comparison Compound E.
• Table 4 shows that all fresh coated samples have good sensitometric properties, but, as shown in Table 5, only Samples 11 to 14 of the present invention had a very little variation in said sensitometric values obtained on incubation test.
• Sample 21 was prepared as Sample 11 of Example 2, but the potassium bromide salt was added after the addition of the spectral sensitizing dye, rather than before as in Sample 11.
• Sample 22 was prepared as Sample 11 without the addition of Compound (1).
• Sample 23 was prepared as Sample 22, but the potassium bromide salt was added after the addition of the spectral sensitizing dye, rather than before as in Sample 22.
• Table 6 shows that comparison Sample 21, obtained with potassium bromide added after the spectral sensitizing dye, has a lower speed on the fresh material and very large variation of sensitometric values on incubation test, while Sample 11, identical to Sample 21 but obtained with potassium bromide added before the spectral sensitizating dye, shows very good keeping properties.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)

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Citations (4)

• 1994
  • 1994-10-26 IT ITMI942193A patent/IT1271047B/it active IP Right Grant
• 1995
  • 1995-09-18 EP EP95114617A patent/EP0709722A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-10-26 JP JP7278724A patent/JPH08211541A/ja active Pending

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