EP0767111B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sammeln und Behandeln von Müll - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sammeln und Behandeln von Müll Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0767111B1
EP0767111B1 EP96402090A EP96402090A EP0767111B1 EP 0767111 B1 EP0767111 B1 EP 0767111B1 EP 96402090 A EP96402090 A EP 96402090A EP 96402090 A EP96402090 A EP 96402090A EP 0767111 B1 EP0767111 B1 EP 0767111B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compactor
cardboard boxes
crusher
papers
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96402090A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0767111A1 (de
Inventor
Antoine-Marie Chedru
Eric Marcel Denis Morisse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valdec
Original Assignee
Valdec
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valdec filed Critical Valdec
Publication of EP0767111A1 publication Critical patent/EP0767111A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0767111B1 publication Critical patent/EP0767111B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/3035—Means for conditioning the material to be pressed, e.g. paper shredding means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/14—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle
    • B65F3/20—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle with charging pistons, plates, or the like
    • B65F3/203—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with devices for charging, distributing or compressing refuse in the interior of the tank of a refuse vehicle with charging pistons, plates, or the like with charging teeth, cutters or the like mounted on an axle or a drum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/0007—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents
    • B02C2018/0061—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating documents with compacting devices for the disintegrated material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the recovery of waste and the treatment of the materials it contains for re-use. It applies all particularly for the recovery of paper waste and / or cardboard made up in particular of cardboard boxes packaging left in shopping areas or industrial.
  • the invention essentially proposes combine on the same waste collection vehicle, a set of materials placed under the control of a driver of the vehicle and mainly comprising a carton crusher and a wet compactor which are connected in series to successively process the paper and / or cardboard collected and whose operation is at least partially automated, so that the treatment can be carried out until the formation of a bale of paper and / or cardboard compacted at the same time that the driver moves his vehicle from place to place other and feeds the installation he carries with him as and when it picks up.
  • the cardboard reprocessing is done in a way real time versus pickup and the truck can return to its port loaded with papers and / or cartons already compacted.
  • the subject of the invention is in particular a method of recovery of paper and / or cardboard presenting itself mainly in the form of lost packaging boxes, characterized in that the said collection is carried out cartons using a vehicle with a platform equipped with at least one crusher and a compactor in the middle wet, in that the said cardboard crusher is supplied with as the pickups are carried out, said compactor being mounted in series with said grinder and adapted to compact the shredded cartons in said shredder, and what we control the operation of the grinder and compactor for successively processing said cartons of at least partially automated during vehicle movements.
  • cartons and / or papers are collected in a container open carried by said vehicle and which is movable between a lower pickup position and an upper position in which said container constitutes a cover for said grinder.
  • the compactor is not put into action until the end of a predetermined cumulative supply time in cartons.
  • said grinder has a feed device overturning of an open container for receiving cartons lost to pick up, said container being movable between a lower pickup position and an upper position tipping where it constitutes a cover for the grinder.
  • the compactor feeder is consisting of a sheath provided with a suction device and connecting the bottom of the grinder to the top of the compactor.
  • a crane is placed at the rear of the platform way to transport and move the bales of cartons made in the compactor.
  • the different materials of the installation are mechanically driven from the engine vehicle propulsion.
  • the electronic control device comprises a sensor detecting the supply of cartons to the crusher, a sensor detecting the supply of the compactor in boxes and a sensor activated at the end of the compaction.
  • said assembly comprises in addition, devices for receiving and transferring bales successively produced at the output of the compactor, advantageously designed and constructed in such a way as to allow the storage of several bales on the platform of the vehicle.
  • Roller systems are most suitable often to perform these functions.
  • the platform of a vehicle equipped in accordance with the invention is that of a truck which we did that very partially appear the driver's cabin 2.
  • This platform 1 supported by one or two pairs of wheels, is then normally fixed in a horizontal position on the truck.
  • the same type of platform, equipped with the same materials according to the invention could just as easily be that of a semi-trailer or trailer model vehicle.
  • Platform 1 does not have a covering roof these different materials and devices. She is by against provided with a tailgate 10 which pivots on hinges around a horizontal axis of the platform and which can be locked in vertical position by means of a locking device 11. If necessary, the platform is also equipped with side rails which have not been represented.
  • the installation according to the invention comprises a feeder to the crusher 3. It is essentially consisting of a container 7 which is mounted movable on the right side of the plate 1 at the grinder 3. This container is movable between two positions, one lower position along the plate 1, in which can empty cartons in this container and a position in which this container is overturned on the hopper 8 of the crusher 3. To move from the position lower than the upper position, a lifting and tilting device 20 consisting of example of chains.
  • Container 7 is not closed and the sound section open end corresponds to the section of the end hopper 8 open so that in position upper, the container 7 exactly covers the hopper 8 so as to constitute a cover.
  • the compactor 4 has a section tank hexagonal 13 whose rear wall consists of two bent wall elements 14 and 15, articulated around axes vertical 16 and 17 so as to constitute a door allowing the balls produced in the compactor.
  • crazy rollers are arranged 18 arranged perpendicular to the center line of the vehicle which are used to bring the balls to the back of the tray 1.
  • a the end of the latter, on the right, is also idler rollers 19 which are parallel to the axis of the vehicle.
  • a crane 21 arranged on the right side to the back of the tray 1 is provided for handling and the transport of cardboard bales produced in the compactor 4.
  • the crusher 3 has an arm or pendulum 22 mounted articulated around an axis 23 and controlled by a jack 24. This arm is used to bring the cartons to a wheel mill 25 rotating around an axis perpendicular to the axis of the vehicle.
  • the compactor 4 essentially comprises a wheel 26 which revolves around a horizontal shaft 27 which is itself rotated around the vertical axis 28 of the tank 13 of the compactor.
  • the assembly of wheel 26 and wheel 27 is mounted at the lower end of a cylinder that reacts to pressure exerted by the compacted cardboard in such a way that the more the the cardboard ball is compacted, the more the cylinder goes up.
  • the tank 13 of the compactor there is a bag plastic intended to receive the compacted cardboard.
  • the cylinder lowering wheel of the compactor is adjusted so that when maximum stroke, the wheel 26 of the compactor is at a certain distance from the bottom of the tank, for example 15 cm. Of this way we prevent the plastic bag from being damaged by the teeth of the wheel 26 of the compactor.
  • the various constituent elements of the installation are driven from the engine of the carrier vehicle.
  • the other elements that require power lower can be driven by motors electric powered by the vehicle battery; we can also provide a mechanical power take-off directly on the vehicle engine.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically the installation control device according to the invention.
  • the four essential elements of the installation namely the grinder 3, the turbine 9, the humidifier 6 and the compactor 4.
  • a first sensor 31 is placed in the hopper of the crusher 3 and detects the feeding of the hopper in cartons.
  • a second sensor 32 is arranged at the upper part of the tank of the compactor 4 and detects the supply of the latter in crushed cardboard brought by the suction turbine 9.
  • a third sensor 33 is actually a detection device limit switch which is activated when the grinding arrives in its maximum high position.
  • the signal supplied by the first sensor 31 controls, by means of a blocking device 34, directly starting the grinder 3 and, by through a timer 35, the starting the vacuum cleaner 9 and the humidifier 6.
  • the second sensor 32 provides two signals, one first signal when it detects the tank supply grinder; this first signal commands, by via a time counting clock 36 and a time delay device 37 starting the compactor 4. Furthermore, the sensor 32 provides a signal complementary to the first signal when it does not detect supply of cardboard boxes; this second command signal, directly shutting down the grinder, the vacuum cleaner and humidifier and, via a time delay 38 stopping the compactor.
  • the signal provided by the sensor 33 when the cylinder support of the compacting device is in the high position also orders, in the same way as the second signal from sensor 32, stop of the shredder 3, of the vacuum cleaner 9, the humidifier 6 and the compactor 4. Furthermore, the signal from sensor 33 is sent to the clock counter 36 to reset it. Finally, the signal supplied by sensor 33 acts on the blocking device 34 to prevent starting of elements 3, 9 and 6 by the signal from sensor 31.
  • the locking device 34 is released by a restart circuit 39 which can be actuated manually by the operator or automatically when certain security conditions are met, in particular particular door of the compactor tank closed, cylinder compactor roller support in low position and bag plastic in place.
  • the functioning of the device which has just been described is as follows.
  • the vehicle moves to go collect used boxes which are, for example, arranged on the sidewalk in front of the various dwellings and / or companies.
  • the driver stops, lowers container 7 from position higher than its lower position and it deposits there the boxes to pick up. If there are sampling points neighbors and the container is not full, the driver can go to these other points of withdrawal in keeping the container in the lower position.
  • the driver does move the container to its upper position; this one is hoisted along the hopper 8 and it is tipped over this so as to empty the boxes in the hopper and close the hopper so as to form a cover which constitutes a safety by preventing that the wheel of the crusher is accessible. Furthermore, this cover prevents waste other than cardboard is poured into the hopper or the carton in the hopper of the grinder is humidified by rain for example.
  • the crusher is started immediately and, after a certain delay, of the order of a few minutes, supplied by the timing circuit 35, vacuum cleaner 9 and humidifier 6 are also switched on road.
  • the crushed cardboard is collected at the bottom of the hopper 8 through the sheath 5 and is sent above the tank 13 of the compactor.
  • the crushed cardboard is moistened on arrival in the compactor; thanks to this arrangement, the aspiration of the crushed cardboard is easily carried out since the cardboard is not yet moistened; On the other hand the fact that the cardboard is moistened upon arrival in the compactor accelerates the fall of the cardboard into the bottom of this and facilitates the compacting action.
  • the detector 32 When the detector 32 detects the passage of cartons crushed, it emits a signal which acts on the clock of count 36 which performs a cumulative count of the durations actuator 32.
  • the cumulative duration is by example of the order of 10 minutes; this allows to do start the compactor only when there has been a quantity minimum of cartons in the bottom of the plastic bag so to avoid any deterioration of the latter.
  • clock 36 did not count this predetermined duration, it there is no action of the sensor 32 on the compactor 4.
  • the action of the contactor 32 on the compactor 4 is timed each time by means of the timing device 37, the timing of which is a few minutes. This allows to wait until a quantity enough boxes fell into the bag to start the compaction operation.
  • the installation begins to operate from the first collection of boxes. If the hopper 8 cardboard supply stops, at after a while, the second detector 32 does not see no more going to cartons and it provides a second signal complementary to the first which immediately stops the crusher, the vacuum cleaner and the humidifier and, with a time delay supplied by the timing circuit 38, the compactor. This time delay is calculated to ensure compaction of the last quantities of boxes received in the compactor. As soon as the hopper is replenished 8 the installation begins to operate as indicated more high.
  • the pressure of the ball increases and pushes back the jack compaction wheel support 26 upwards until that this cylinder reaches its maximum position corresponding to the filling the bag.
  • This is detected by the third detector 33 which stops the elements in the same way as detector 32, that is to say that it immediately stops the grinder, vacuum cleaner and humidifier and, with a certain time delay, the compactor.
  • the signal supplied by the detector 33 resets counting clock 36 to zero and acts on the locking device 34 for locking it.
  • the installation operator who is at the same time the driver of the vehicle is informed that a bullet of boxes is ready and, at its next stop, it will open the door of the tank 13 of the compactor, extract the bale from cartons wrapped in plastic bag making it slide on the rollers 18 to the rear of the tray 1. If this is the first ball, he then carries it to the crane 21 so as to bring it on the rollers 9 on the right side at the back of the tray 1.
  • the crane 21 When the truck returns to its home port, the crane 21 unloads bales from cartons. Through elsewhere, the installation must then be restarted in order to empty the crusher and extracting the bale from compacted cartons thus obtained. The vehicle is then ready for a new tour.
  • the installation which has just been described is light enough to be installed on the shelf of a vehicle without it exceeding the maximum weight authorized for passenger vehicles, i.e. it will not require a special permit for heavy goods vehicles.
  • the invention makes it possible to sample and treat while picking up used cartons so well that, at the end of its tour, the operator will arrive at its port of attachment with three compacted bales of cardboard boxes. We have therefore could simultaneously carry out the collection and compacting used cardboard boxes, in a simple and economic. This allows in particular, with a vehicle to small footprint, to pick up a lot more volume important boxes because most of the boxes picked up is immediately compacted.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of the pickup operation and also of the compacting operation since these can be performed simultaneously.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Refuse-Collection Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Wiederverwertung von Papieren und/oder Pappen, die hauptsächlich in Form von Wegwerfpackpappen vorliegen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einsammeln der Pappen mittels eines Fahrzeugs (1,2) bewirkt wird, das eine Plattform (1) umfaßt, die mit mindestens einem Zerkleinerer (3) und einem Verdichter (4) in feuchter Umgebung ausgestattet ist, und daß der Zerkleinerer mit Pappe im Verhältnis der bewirkten Einsammelvorgänge gespeist wird, wobei der Verdichter (4) in Reihe mit dem Zerkleinerer montiert ist und dazu vorgesehen ist, die in dem Zerkleinerer zerrissenen Pappen anzufeuchten und zu verdichten, und wobei das Funktionieren des Zerkleinerers (3) und Verdichters (4) zur aufeinanderfolgenden Behandlung der Pappen in mindestens teilweise automatisierter Weise während der Bewegungen des Fahrzeugs (1, 2) gesteuert wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Pappen und/oder Papiere in einem offenen Behälter (7), den das Fahrzeug (1) trägt, weggenommen werden, wobei dieser zwischen einer tiefen Einsammelposition und einer höheren Entleerungsposition beweglich ist, in welcher der Behälter (7) einen Deckel für den Zerkleinerer (3, 8) bildet.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Verdichter erst nach Ablauf einer kumulierten Zeit tätig wird, die durch die Einspeisung von Pappen festgelegt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, sobald der Pappballen in dem Verdichter (4) das Ende erreicht hat, die Zusammenarbeit der Gerätschaften (3 - 9) angehalten wird und die Zählung der kumulierten Zeit der Einspeisung in den Verdichter auf Null gesetzt wird.
  5. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, das zur Wiederverwertung von Papieren und/oder Pappen vorgesehen ist, die hauptsächlich in Form von Wegwerfpackpappen vorliegen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie in Reihe auf der Plattform (1) eines Fahrzeugs montiert die Kombination der folgenden Gerätschaften umfaßt:
    offener Aufnahmebehälter (7) zum Einsammeln der Papiere und/oder Pappen,
    Zerkleinerer (3), der von dem Aufnahmebehälter (7) gespeist wird und zum Zerreißen der gesammelten Papiere und/ oder Pappen geeignet ist,
    Verdichter (4) zur Behandlung der zerrissenen Papiere und/oder Pappen in feuchter Umgebung, der durch den Zerkleinerer (3) gespeist wird und die Produktion in Form von verdichteten Papier- und/oder Pappballen hieraus, wobei der Verdichter (4) mit einem Befeuchter (6) für die Papiere und/oder Pappen verbunden ist, um die feuchte Umgebung zu erhalten,
    und Steuerungsmittel (31 - 39), die mit den vorhergehenden Gerätschaften für die Papiere und/oder Pappen, welche behandelt werden, in mindestens teilweise automatisierter Weise während Zeitspannen der Bewegungen des Fahrzeugs zusammenarbeiten.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zerkleinerer eine Speisevorrichtung mittels Kippen eines offenen Behälters (7) zur Aufnahme von zum Einsammeln weggeworfenen Pappen umfaßt, wobei der Behälter (7) zwischen einer tieferen Position zum Einsammeln und einer höheren Position zum Kippen mobil ist, in welcher er einen Deckel für den Zerkleinerer (3) bildet.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Speisevorrichtung des Verdichters (4) umfaßt, die durch eine Hülse (5), die mit einer Ansaugvorrichtung (9) bestückt ist, gebildet ist und den Boden des Zerkleinerers (3) mit dem oberen Teil des Verdichters (4) verbindet.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie einen hinten am Auflieger (1) angeordneten Kran umfaßt, um die in dem Verdichter (4) bewirkten Pappballen zu transportieren und zu bewegen.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unterschiedlichen Gerätschaften der Anlage (3, 4, 6, 9) mechanisch durch den Vortriebsmotor des Fahrzeugs (1, 2) angetrieben werden.
  10. Vorrichtung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinrichtungen durch eine elektronische Vorrichtung gebildet sind, die
    einen ersten Sensor (31), der die Einspeisung von Papieren und/oder Pappen in den Zerkleinerer (3) erkennt und ein Ausgangssignal abgibt, das das Anlaufen des Zerkleinerers (3) und über ein erstes Zeitrelais (35) das Anlaufen der Ansaugvorrichtung (9) und des Befeuchters (6) steuert,
    einen zweiten Sensor (32), der die Einspeisung von Papieren und/oder Pappen in den Verdichter (4) erkennt und erste und zweite Signale abgibt, wobei das erste Signal über einen Zähltaktgeber (36) und ein zweites Zeitrelais (37) das Anlaufen des Verdichters (4) steuert und das zweite Signal, das bei Fehlen von Einspeisung von Papieren und/ oder Pappen abgegeben wird, direkt den Zerkleinerer (3) steuert,
    und einen dritten Sensor (33) umfaßt, der am Ende des Verdichtungsvorgangs wirkt und ein Ausgangssignal abgibt, das das Anhalten des Zerkleinerers (3), des Ansaugers (9), des Befeuchters (6) und des Verdichters (4) und die erneute Initialisierung des Zähltaktgebers (36) steuert.
EP96402090A 1995-10-03 1996-10-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sammeln und Behandeln von Müll Expired - Lifetime EP0767111B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9511592A FR2739363B1 (fr) 1995-10-03 1995-10-03 Recuperation des dechets et le traitement des materiaux qui les constituent en vue de leur reutilisation
FR9511592 1995-10-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0767111A1 EP0767111A1 (de) 1997-04-09
EP0767111B1 true EP0767111B1 (de) 2000-02-16

Family

ID=9483169

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96402090A Expired - Lifetime EP0767111B1 (de) 1995-10-03 1996-10-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Sammeln und Behandeln von Müll

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0767111B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE189796T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69606676D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2144217T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2739363B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2769900B1 (fr) * 1997-10-16 1999-12-31 Antoine Marie Chedru Dispositif de reduction du volume de dechets
FR2792918B1 (fr) 1999-04-30 2001-07-13 Alpha Distrib Procede de collecte et de destruction mobile de papier
CN115091802B (zh) * 2022-07-08 2025-09-16 深圳亚士德科技有限公司 一种具有自动除杂结构的液压式垃圾压缩装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4786003A (en) * 1985-10-22 1988-11-22 Johnson Raymond N Materials processing unit
CH678821A5 (en) * 1989-05-26 1991-11-15 Edwin Rohr Document file destruction equipment - comprises vehicle-mounted shredding machine
DE9218027U1 (de) * 1992-01-30 1993-06-03 Kimm, Bruno, 34123 Kassel Lastkraftwagen mit einer mit einer Preßeinrichtung versehenen Trommel, die in einem Behälter drehbar gelagert ist
JPH05337453A (ja) * 1992-04-08 1993-12-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 廃紙の圧縮処理方法及び装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE189796T1 (de) 2000-03-15
DE69606676D1 (de) 2000-03-23
FR2739363B1 (fr) 1997-12-05
ES2144217T3 (es) 2000-06-01
EP0767111A1 (de) 1997-04-09
FR2739363A1 (fr) 1997-04-04

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