EP0800190A1 - Sectionneur de puissance - Google Patents

Sectionneur de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0800190A1
EP0800190A1 EP97810126A EP97810126A EP0800190A1 EP 0800190 A1 EP0800190 A1 EP 0800190A1 EP 97810126 A EP97810126 A EP 97810126A EP 97810126 A EP97810126 A EP 97810126A EP 0800190 A1 EP0800190 A1 EP 0800190A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
pressure
compression
breaker according
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97810126A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0800190B1 (fr
Inventor
Lukas Dr. Zehnder
Robert Anderes
Bodo Dr. Brühl
Christian Dähler
Ion Gavrilita
Kurt Dr. Kaltenegger
Joachim Stechbarth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Hochspannungstechnik AG
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0800190A1 publication Critical patent/EP0800190A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0800190B1 publication Critical patent/EP0800190B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/904—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism characterised by the transmission between operating mechanism and piston or movable contact
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/80—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/901—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism making use of the energy of the arc or an auxiliary arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H2033/908—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism using valves for regulating communication between, e.g. arc space, hot volume, compression volume, surrounding volume
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
    • H01H33/7038—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by a conducting tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/80—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve
    • H01H33/82—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve the fluid being air or gas

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a circuit breaker according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a circuit breaker which has an arcing chamber with two fixed, spaced-apart erosion contacts.
  • the quenching chamber is filled with an insulating gas, preferably SF 6 gas under pressure.
  • an insulating gas preferably SF 6 gas under pressure.
  • the bridging contact concentrically surrounds the cylindrical erosion contacts.
  • the bridging contact and the two erosion contacts form a power current path which is only subjected to current when it is switched off.
  • the bypass contact slides down from a first of the erosion contacts and draws an arc, which initially burns between the first erosion contact and the end of the bypass contact facing it.
  • the pressurized insulating gas required for the blowing is generally generated by means of a blowing piston connected to the movable bypass contact.
  • This circuit breaker also has a nominal current path parallel to the power current path, which carries the operating current when the circuit breaker is switched on.
  • the nominal current path is arranged concentrically around the power current path.
  • the bridging contact is mechanically rigidly connected to a movable nominal current contact arranged in the nominal current path.
  • the bridging contact Due to its dimensions, the bridging contact has a comparatively large mass to be moved, which must first be accelerated during switching operations and then braked.
  • the circuit breaker drive must provide the energy required for this.
  • Another circuit breaker is known from the published patent application DE 31 27 962 A1, which has an arcing chamber with two fixed, spaced-apart erosion contacts.
  • the quenching chamber is filled with an insulating gas, preferably SF 6 gas under pressure.
  • an insulating gas preferably SF 6 gas under pressure.
  • the bridging contact concentrically surrounds the cylindrical erosion contacts.
  • Of the Bridging contact is also designed here as a nominal current contact. Opening this circuit breaker is similar to the circuit breaker described above.
  • this bridging contact Due to its dimensions, this bridging contact also has a comparatively large mass to be moved, which must be accelerated and braked during switching operations.
  • the circuit breaker drive must provide the energy required for this.
  • a circuit breaker is known from the patent specification CH 644 969, which has two blow volumes connected in series.
  • the clean insulating gas present in the first blowing volume is compressed by means of a piston when the movable power contact is switched off.
  • hot gas heated by the arc in the arc zone flows into this first blowing volume, mixes with the clean insulating gas to form a gas mixture and thus increases the pressure in this first blowing volume.
  • a second blow volume is separated from the first blow volume, the gas mixture in the two blow volumes is then further compressed depending on the stroke. Both blowing volumes, independently of one another, interact with the pressure in the arc zone of this circuit breaker in the further course of the opening movement.
  • the invention solves the problem of creating a circuit breaker of the type mentioned at the outset, which has an improved breaking capacity.
  • the circuit breaker is equipped with a high-pressure injection, which allows a targeted increase in the blowing pressure in the arc zone.
  • the high-pressure injection takes place directly into the arc zone, which enables particularly intense blowing of the arc.
  • comparatively high blowing pressures are achieved with simple means.
  • the circuit breaker has fixed erosion contact arrangements connected to a bypass contact. Since the bridging contact is arranged in the interior of the erosion contact arrangements, it can be designed with an advantageously small diameter and thus with a particularly small mass.
  • the bypass contact is here as a simple switching pin formed, which has no resilient contact elements, it is therefore relatively simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • This circuit breaker is operated at a comparatively high opening speed, since the comparatively small mass of the bridging contact can be accelerated effectively even with a comparatively small and advantageously inexpensive drive and can also be braked reliably at the end of the opening movement.
  • the movable nominal current contact is moved much more slowly than the switching pin connected to it via a speed-reducing lever linkage.
  • the service life of the rated current contacts is advantageously increased due to the lower mechanical stress, which significantly improves the availability of the circuit breaker.
  • the movable nominal current contact is also housed in a volume that is completely separate from the area of the circuit breaker in which hot gases and combustion particles generated by the arc occur. These hot gases and combustion particles can therefore not negatively influence the nominal current contacts, which advantageously increases their stability and thus their service life.
  • a further advantageous reduction in the cost of the circuit breaker according to the invention results from the fact that the erosion contact arrangements and in some cases also the housing parts are constructed from identical parts in mirror image to a plane of symmetry.
  • the circuit breaker has at least one compression unit with at least one first piston-cylinder arrangement, which has at least two pistons connected in series , of which a first compression piston pre-compresses the insulating medium in a first compression volume, and a second compression piston further compresses the pre-compressed insulating medium in a second compression volume separated from the first compression volume.
  • This further compressed insulating medium is introduced directly into the center of the arcing zone through at least one injection channel. This compression in two successive stages results in a particularly high blowing pressure, which allows particularly intense blowing of the arc.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematically represented section through the contact zone 1 of the arcing chamber of an embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention in the switched-on state.
  • the quenching chamber is arranged centrally symmetrically about a central axis 2.
  • a cylindrical, metallic switching pin 3 extends along this central axis 2 and can be moved along the central axis 2 by means of a drive (not shown).
  • the switching pin 3 has a dielectrically favorably shaped tip 4, which can be provided with an electrically conductive, erosion-resistant material if required. In the switched-on state, the switching pin 3 electrically bridges a distance a between two erosion contact arrangements 5, 6.
  • the erosion contact arrangement 5 has a schematically illustrated contact basket 7, which is electrically conductively connected to a shoulder of a plate-shaped carrier 8 made of metal.
  • the contact basket 7 has contact fingers made of metal, which resiliently on the surface of the Put switch pin 3 on.
  • an erosion plate 9 has been connected to this carrier 8 using one of the known methods, in such a way that the ends 10 of the contact fingers are protected against erosion.
  • the erosion plate 9 is preferably made of graphite, but it can also consist of other electrically conductive, erosion-resistant materials such as sintered tungsten copper connections.
  • the surface of the erosion plate 9 facing away from the carrier 8 is protected against arcing by means of an annular cover 36 made of an erosion-resistant insulating material. In addition, the cover 36 prevents the arc base from moving too far into the storage volume 17.
  • the structure of the erosion contact arrangement 6 corresponds to that of the erosion contact arrangement 5, but it is arranged as a mirror image of the latter.
  • a dash-dotted line 11 indicates the level of reflection.
  • the erosion contact arrangement 6 has a schematically illustrated contact basket 12, which is connected in an electrically conductive manner to a shoulder of a plate-shaped carrier 13 made of metal.
  • the contact basket 12 has contact fingers made of metal, which resiliently rest on the surface of the switching pin 3.
  • an erosion plate 14 has been connected to this carrier 13 using one of the known methods, in such a way that the ends 15 of the contact fingers are protected against erosion.
  • the erosion plate 14 is preferably made of graphite, but it can also consist of other electrically conductive, erosion-resistant materials such as, for example, sintered tungsten copper connections.
  • the surface of the erosion plate 14 facing away from the carrier 13 is formed by means of a ring Cover 41 made of a fire-resistant insulating material protected against arcing.
  • the cover 41 prevents the arc base from migrating too far into the storage volume 17.
  • the two covers 36 and 41 form an annular nozzle duct, the throat of which is at a distance a.
  • the carriers 8 and 13 and the partition 16 enclose an annular storage volume 17, which is designed for storing the pressurized insulating gas provided for blowing the arc.
  • the carrier 8 represents an end face of a cylinder-shaped exhaust volume 18 completely enclosed by metallic walls.
  • the carrier 13 represents an end face of a cylinder-shaped exhaust volume 19 completely enclosed by metallic walls. If a nominal current path is provided, this represents the switched-on state of the circuit breaker represents the electrically conductive connection between the metallic walls of the two exhaust volumes 18 and 19.
  • the carrier 13 is provided with a bore 20, which is closed with a check valve 21 shown schematically.
  • a line 22 is connected to the bore 20, which leads the insulating gas compressed by a piston-cylinder arrangement that is operatively connected to the switching pin 3 to the storage volume 17 during a switch-off process.
  • an inflow of the pressurized insulating gas into the storage volume 17 is only possible if there is a lower pressure in the storage volume 17 than in the line 22.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematically illustrated section through the contact zone 1 of an embodiment of the arcing chamber of a circuit breaker according to the invention during the opening.
  • the switching pin 3 has drawn an arc 23 between the erosion plates 9 and 14 in the course of its opening movement in the direction of arrow 27.
  • the arc 23 thermally acts on the insulating gas surrounding it and thereby briefly increases the pressure in this area of the arcing chamber located between the erosion contact arrangements 5 and 6 and referred to as the arc zone 24.
  • the pressurized insulating gas is briefly stored in the storage volume 17. However, part of the pressurized insulating gas flows through an opening 25 into the adjacent exhaust volume 18 and through an opening 26 into the adjacent exhaust volume 19.
  • the switching pin 3 is connected to a piston-cylinder arrangement, in which insulating gas is compressed during a switch-off process.
  • This compressed insulating gas as indicated by an arrow 28, is introduced into the storage volume 17 through the line 22 if the pressure in the storage volume 17 is lower than in the line 22.
  • an excess pressure valve 29 opens after a predetermined limit value is exceeded and the excess pressure is released into the exhaust volume 18.
  • FIG. 3 shows a partial section through a contact zone, provided with blowing coils 30 and 31, of a circuit breaker according to the invention in the switched-off state.
  • the magnetic field of the blow coils 30 and 31 sets the arc 23 in rotation in a known manner when it is switched off.
  • the blow coil 30 is embedded in a recess in the carrier 8, the one winding end 32 having a bare metal contact surface which is pressed by means of a screw 33 against the bare metal surface of the carrier 8.
  • the winding end 32 is thus electrically conductively connected to the carrier 8.
  • Electrical insulation 34 is provided between the remaining surface of the blow coil 30 facing the carrier 8 and the carrier 8.
  • This insulation 34 also distances the windings of the blow coil 30 from one another.
  • the other winding end 35 of the blow coil 30 is electrically conductively connected to the erosion plate 9.
  • the surface of the blow coil 30 facing away from the carrier 8 and part of the surface of the erosion plate 9 is protected against arcing by means of a cover 36 made of an erosion-resistant insulating material.
  • the blow coil 31 is embedded in a recess in the carrier 13, the one winding end 37 having a bare metal contact surface which is pressed by means of a screw 38 against the bare metal surface of the carrier 13.
  • the winding end 37 is thus connected to the carrier 13 in an electrically conductive manner.
  • Electrical insulation 39 is provided between the remaining surface of the blow coil 31 facing the carrier 13 and the carrier 13. This insulation 39 also distances the windings of the blow coil 31 from one another.
  • the other winding end 40 of the blow coil 31 is electrically conductive with the erosion plate 14 connected.
  • the surface of the blow coil 31 facing away from the carrier 13 and part of the surface of the erosion plate 14 is protected against arcing by a cover 41 made of an erosion-resistant insulating material.
  • the two blow coils 30 and 31 are arranged in such a way that the magnetic fields generated by these blow coils 30 and 31 reinforce one another.
  • the blow coils 30 and 31 can be used in any of the variants of the present circuit breaker.
  • the two covers 36 and 41 form an annular nozzle channel, the throat of which is at a distance a, and which widens in the radial direction until it merges into the storage volume 17.
  • FIG. 4 shows a greatly simplified section through a circuit breaker according to the invention, shown schematically, in the right half of the figure the circuit breaker is shown in the switched-on state, in the left half of the figure the circuit breaker is shown in the switched-off state.
  • the circuit breaker is constructed concentrically around the central axis 2.
  • the exhaust volume 18 filled with insulating gas under pressure, preferably SF 6 gas, is enclosed by the carrier 8, a cylindrical housing wall 42 connected to it and a sealing cover 43 opposite the carrier 8 and screwed tightly to the housing wall 42.
  • the closure cover 43 is provided in the center with a cylindrical flow deflection 44 extending in the direction of the opening 25.
  • the housing wall 42 and the closure cover 43 like the carrier 8, are generally made of an electrically highly conductive metal.
  • the housing wall 42 is pressure-tightly connected to a cylindrical insulating tube 45.
  • the insulating tube 45 is pressure-tightly connected to a further cylindrical housing wall 46.
  • the housing wall 46 is of exactly the same design as the housing wall 42, but is arranged in mirror image to it, the dash-dotted line 11 indicating the plane of reflection.
  • the insulating tube 45 is arranged concentrically with the insulating partition 16. This housing wall 46 is connected to the carrier 13.
  • the exhaust volume 19 filled with insulating gas under pressure, preferably SF 6 gas, is enclosed by the carrier 13, the housing wall 46 connected to it and a cover 47 opposite the carrier 13 and screwed to the housing wall 46 in a pressure-tight manner.
  • the cover 47 is provided with a cylinder 48 in the center.
  • the housing wall 46 and the cover 47 like the carrier 13, are generally made of an electrically highly conductive metal.
  • a distance b is provided between the two housing walls 42 and 46.
  • the housing wall 42 is provided on the outside with attachment options for power connections 49.
  • the housing wall 46 is also provided on the outside with attachment options for power connections 50.
  • the insulating tube 45 is arranged in an annular recess formed by the two housing walls 42 and 46, as a result of which the tensile forces caused by the pressure in the exhaust volumes 18 and 19 and which stress the insulating tube 45 in the axial direction are minimized. As a result of this recessed arrangement, the outer surface of the insulating tube 45 is particularly well protected against damage in transit.
  • a compression piston 51 which is connected to the switching pin 3, slides in the cylinder 48.
  • the compression piston 51 is designed and provided with piston rings made of insulating material that no stray currents from the Switch pin 3 can flow into the wall of the cylinder 48.
  • the compression piston 51 compresses the insulating gas located in the cylinder 48 when the switching pin 3 is switched off.
  • the compressed insulating gas flows through the schematically illustrated lines 22 and 22a into the storage volume 17 if the pressure conditions in this volume allow this. If an excessive compression pressure should occur in this cylinder 48, it can be reduced into the exhaust volume 19 by a pressure relief valve, not shown.
  • the compression piston 51, the lines 22 and 22a and the check valve 21 can also be omitted in the case of other possible design variants of this circuit breaker.
  • the switching pin 3 is moved by a drive, not shown.
  • At least one lever 52 is articulated to the switching pin 3.
  • One end of the lever 52 is rotatably held in a bearing 52a connected to the switching pin 3.
  • the other end of the lever 52 is rotatably and slidably mounted in the housing wall 46 here.
  • a rocker arm 53 is rotatably connected to the lever 52 and transmits the force exerted by the lever 52 to an articulated rod 54.
  • the rod 54 moves parallel to the direction of the central axis 2, it is guided here with little friction in the housing wall 46 and in the carrier 13.
  • the other end of the rod 54 is connected to a finger basket 55, shown schematically as a triangle.
  • the finger basket 55 serves as a holder for a plurality of resiliently suspended contact fingers 56.
  • the contact fingers 56 form the movable part of the rated current path of the circuit breaker when switched on.
  • the contact fingers 56 bridge the distance b in an electrically conductive manner in this position.
  • the current through the circuit breaker then flows, for example, from the current connections 49 through the housing wall 42, through the contact fingers 56 and the housing wall 46 to the current connections 50.
  • the space 57 in which this movable part of the rated current path is accommodated, is very advantageously completely separated from the arc zone 24 by the insulating partition 16 and the supports 8 and 13, so that no burn-up particles generated in the arc zone 24 reach the area of the rated current contacts and can negatively influence them.
  • the service life of the rated current contacts, in particular the abrasion resistance of the contact surfaces, is thereby increased very advantageously, which results in an advantageously increased availability of the circuit breaker.
  • the lever linkages which each consist of a lever 52, a rocker 53 and a rod 54 are designed so that the comparatively high switch-off speed of the switching pin 3 generated by the drive, not shown, which is in the range from 10 m / sec to 20 m / sec is, is implemented in an approximately ten times lower turn-off speed of the finger basket 55 from about 1 m / sec to 2 m / sec.
  • the mechanical stress on the finger basket 55 and also on the contact fingers 56 are advantageously small, so that these components can be designed to be comparatively light and low-mass, since they do not have to withstand great mechanical stresses.
  • the switching pin 3 is guided on the one hand with the aid of the compression piston 51 sliding in the cylinder 48 and on the other hand in a guide part 58.
  • the guide part 58 is connected to the carrier 13 by means of ribs arranged in a star shape. Here, too, it is structurally ensured that no stray currents can flow from the switching pin 3 into the guide part 58.
  • the contact elements are each designed as identical parts, which are arranged in mirror image.
  • the use of the same parts advantageously reduces the manufacturing costs of the circuit breaker and also simplifies the storage of its spare parts.
  • FIG. 5 shows a first, greatly simplified partial section through a first embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention, this cutting surface being rotated by 90 ° about the central axis 2 in relation to the cutting surfaces shown in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the circuit breaker is shown in the switched-on state in the left half of FIG. 5, and the circuit breaker is shown in the right half of FIG. 5 after covering approximately a third of the opening stroke.
  • the circuit breaker is provided with two compression units 60 and 61 of identical construction for the compression of the insulating gas, which are rigidly connected to the carrier 13. It is also possible to provide only one compression unit 60 or a large number from them.
  • the compression units 60 and 61 are embedded in the carrier 13 such that the injection channels 62 and 63 emerging from them, which open into the arcing zone 24, are designed to be as short as possible, so that they have a small dead volume.
  • the injection channel 62 is assigned to the compression unit 60
  • the injection channel 63 is assigned to the compression unit 61.
  • the axis of the injection channels 62 and 63 generally penetrates the center of the arc zone 24, because with this orientation of the injection channels 62 and 63 the insulating gas can blow the arc 23 most effectively under pressure. However, it is also conceivable that these axes do not meet in the center of the arc zone 24.
  • the pressurized insulating gas can also be passed into an annular channel which concentrically surrounds the arc zone 24. A plurality of injection channels distributed around the circumference then lead from this ring channel into the arc zone 24.
  • the compression unit 60 is constructed cylindrically, it has an axis 64 running parallel to the central axis 2 and a first compression volume 65 which, when the circuit breaker is switched on, is larger than a downstream second compression volume 66.
  • the first compression volume 65 is provided by a first compression piston 67 acted upon.
  • the second compression volume 66 is acted upon by a second compression piston 68.
  • the two compression pistons 67 and 68 are in the usual way with piston and sealing rings, not shown fitted.
  • the second compression piston 68 slides through and seals the first compression piston 67 in the center thereof.
  • the side of the second compression piston 68 facing the second compression volume 66, as can be seen more clearly from FIG. 7, is provided on the surface with longitudinally extending grooves 69.
  • the dimensions of the first compression volume 65 are matched to the dimensions of the second compression volume 66 in such a way that a sufficiently high blowing pressure is generated for blowing the arc 23.
  • the first compression piston 67 is moved by means of an articulated rod 70.
  • the rod 70 is articulated at the other end to a bearing point 72 fastened on a gear 71.
  • the second compression piston 68 is moved by means of an articulated rod 73.
  • the rod 73 is articulated at the other end to a bearing point 74 fastened on the gear 71.
  • the gear wheel 71 has a center 75 which is rotatably mounted in the housing wall 46.
  • the ring gear of the gear 71 engages in a rack 76 embedded in the surface of the switching pin 3.
  • the compression unit 61 is cylindrical, it has an axis 78 running parallel to the central axis 2 and a first compression volume 79.
  • the two axes 64 and 78 lie in one plane with the central axis 2.
  • the first compression volume 79 is larger than a second compression volume 80 connected downstream.
  • the first compression volume 79 is acted upon by a first compression piston 81.
  • the second compression volume 80 is replaced by a second Compression piston 82 acted upon.
  • the two compression pistons 81 and 82 are equipped in the usual way with piston and sealing rings, not shown.
  • the second compression piston 82 slides through and seals the first compression piston 81 in the center thereof.
  • the side of the second compression piston 82 facing the second compression volume 80 is, as can be seen more clearly from FIG. 7, provided on the surface with longitudinally extending grooves 69.
  • the dimensions of the first compression volume 79 are matched to the dimensions of the second compression volume 80 in such a way that a sufficiently high blowing pressure is generated for blowing the arc 23.
  • the first compression piston 81 is moved by means of an articulated rod 83.
  • the rod 83 is articulated at the other end to a bearing point 85 fastened on a gear 84.
  • the second compression piston 82 is moved by means of an articulated rod 86.
  • the rod 86 is articulated at the other end to a bearing point 87 fixed on the gear 84.
  • the gear wheel 84 has a center 88 which is rotatably mounted in the housing wall 46.
  • the ring gear of the gear wheel 84 engages in a toothed rack 89 embedded in the surface of the switching pin 3.
  • FIG. 7 shows a third, greatly simplified partial section through a third embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention, this arrangement is based on the arrangement shown on the right in FIG. It also shows some structural details of the compression units 60 and 61, which are more difficult for FIGS. 5 and 6 because of the comparatively small scale there are removed.
  • the compression units 60 and 61 each have a housing 91 into which cylinders for the respective first 67 and 81 and second compression pistons 68 and 82 are incorporated.
  • the cylinder delimiting the first compression volume 65 or 79 each has a wall through which bores 92 pass.
  • the bores 92 are positioned in such a way that, when the circuit breaker is switched on, they connect the first compression volume 65 or 79 to the exhaust volume 19, so that the insulating gas can fill up this volume, this corresponds to the position shown on the left in FIG. As soon as the switch-off movement of the switching pin 3 begins in the direction of the arrow 27, the respective first compression piston 67 or 81 closes these bores 92 and the first compression volume 65 or 79 is closed.
  • FIG. 7 also shows, in the course of the injection channel 63, a schematically indicated pressure relief valve 93, which only allows the discharge of this high-pressure insulating gas through the injection channel 63 into the arc zone 24 after a predetermined threshold value of the pressure of the insulating gas in the second compression volume 80 has been exceeded.
  • These threshold values can be in the range around 100 bar. Care is taken that both the injection channel 63 and the pressure relief valve 93 have the smallest possible dead volume in order to avoid a reduction in the pressure of the flowing high-pressure insulating gas, so that the entire pressure generated in the compression unit 61 is used to blow the arc 23 Available.
  • the separate compression units 60 and 61 could also be designed as a single, coherent compression unit. This compression unit would then be constructed in a ring around the central axis 2.
  • the first compression piston would be designed as a closed ring, which would work in an annular first compression volume.
  • the second compression piston could also be designed as an annular piston, which would work in a correspondingly designed second compression volume.
  • the first compression piston is designed as a closed ring, while the second compression piston is constructed from a multiplicity of individual individual pistons distributed on this ring, which slide in a corresponding number of cylindrically designed second compression volumes.
  • FIG. 8 is a fourth, greatly simplified partial section through a fourth embodiment of an inventive one Circuit breaker shows.
  • a solenoid valve 95 is provided upstream of the injection channel 63 leading away. This solenoid valve 95 is actuated electromagnetically by the higher-level protection of the system in the event of an impending fault current shutdown, in particular in the event of a short-circuit shutdown, so that the pressurized insulating gas is injected directly into the arc zone 24 through the injection channel 63 at the right moment.
  • the solenoid valve 95 is closed again after a predetermined opening time in order to keep the consumption of the high-pressure insulating gas low. However, there is also the possibility of opening this solenoid valve 95 with each switch-off, regardless of the size of the switch-off current.
  • This high pressure container 94 is provided with a pressure monitor, not shown.
  • An eye 96 is incorporated into the high-pressure container 94, to which a pressure line 97 is connected, through which fresh SF 6 gas is fed under high pressure into the high-pressure container 94, which in each case replaces the used SF 6 gas.
  • the insulating gas additionally fed into the circuit breaker when switching must be removed and processed again from the exhaust volumes 18 and 19 after switching in order to avoid overloading the pressurized housing parts.
  • Processing device 98 will generally work at earth potential in addition to the circuit breaker, so that its supply line (not shown) and pressure line 97 must be made at least partially of insulating material in order to be able to bridge the potential difference.
  • the embodiment of the circuit breaker shown in FIG. 8 can be simplified by omitting the cylinder 48 and the compression piston 51.
  • the guide function that the compression piston 51 has for the switching pin 3 would then have to be performed by another component.
  • the pressure generation in the arcing zone 24 can advantageously be improved with the aid of blowing coils, as shown in FIG. 3, in particular also in the time range of the shutdown, where the pressure injection is not yet fully effective.
  • the design variants shown here can be combined with one another in any way, adapted to the respective operating requirements.
  • the pressure injection is not triggered during normal operational shutdowns, it makes sense to specifically increase the blowing pressure generation caused by the thermal effect of the arc 23.
  • the arc 23 is set in rotation about the central axis 2, the heating of the arc zone 24 is known to be significantly increased as a result.
  • This rotation is generally achieved by installing one or more blow coils in a known manner in the area of the contact zone of a circuit breaker.
  • the magnetic field of the blow coils causes the arc 23 to rotate.
  • the blow coils could each be embedded in a recess in the carrier 8 or 13 as shown in Fig.3.
  • the consumption of the insulating gas stored in the high-pressure containers 94 can be substantially reduced, since the high-current short-circuits, for whose switching off this additional high-pressure injection of insulating gas is really necessary, occur comparatively very rarely.
  • FIG. 9 shows a fifth, greatly simplified partial section through a fifth embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.
  • the high-pressure container 94 is closed here by an injection valve 99, which is controlled directly and depending on the stroke of the switching pin 3.
  • a dashed line of action 100 which connects the switching pin 3 to the injection valve 99, indicates this interaction.
  • This injection valve 99 is actuated each time it is switched off so that it opens at the right moment and closes again after a predetermined opening time.
  • the insulating gas that is additionally fed into the circuit breaker when it is switched off must also be removed and processed from the exhaust volumes 18 and 19 after switching in order to avoid overloading the pressurized housing parts.
  • the removed insulating gas is cleaned in a treatment device 98, then pressurized again and fed back through the pressure line 97 into the high-pressure container 94.
  • This embodiment variant is particularly suitable for circuit breakers used as generator switches, which as a rule only carry out a comparatively small number of switching operations.
  • high-pressure containers 94 are also conceivable for generator switches, the insulating gas filling of which is dimensioned such that they are necessary anyway for all possible short-circuit shutdowns until the next one Contact revision is sufficient. It would then not be necessary to reprocess the insulating gas and feed it back. During the contact revision, the injected insulating gas could then be extracted and the empty high-pressure container 94 replaced with a full one.
  • a solenoid valve 95 triggered by the higher-level system protection would have to be used as the valve, as a result of which the gas consumption could be kept low. This solenoid valve 95 also closes after a predetermined opening time. Exhaust volumes 18 and 19 would then have to be dimensioned such that the injected insulating gas, which initially remains in them, cannot cause a pressure overload of the housing enclosing them.
  • the switching pin 3 draws an arc 23 in the course of its switching-off movement between the erosion plates 9 and 14.
  • the switching pin 3 moves at a comparatively very high switch-off speed, so that the arc 23 burns only briefly on the tip 4 of the switching pin 3 and immediately on the Burning plate 14 commutates.
  • the tip 4 therefore shows hardly any signs of erosion.
  • the erosion plates 9 and 14 are made of a particularly erosion-resistant material, and therefore they have a comparatively long service life.
  • the burnout contacts of the circuit breaker therefore only have to be revised comparatively rarely, which means that it has a comparatively high availability.
  • the arc 23 will reach its full length comparatively quickly due to the very rapid switch-off movement of the switching pin 3, so that the full arc energy is available shortly after the contact separation for the pressurization of the insulating gas in the arc zone 24.
  • the arc 23 acts on it surrounding insulating gas thermally and thereby briefly increases the pressure in the arc zone 24 of the arcing chamber.
  • the pressurized insulating gas is briefly stored in the storage volume 17. However, part of the pressurized insulating gas flows through an opening 25 into the exhaust volume 18 and through an opening 26 into the exhaust volume 19.
  • the switching pin 3 is generally connected to a single-stage piston-cylinder arrangement in which insulating gas is compressed during a switch-off process. This compressed insulating gas is introduced into the storage volume 17 through the line 22 in addition to the thermally generated pressurized insulating gas.
  • this inflow takes place only if there is a lower pressure in the storage volume 17 than in the line 22 or 22a. This is the case, for example, before the contact is separated or when the arc 23 is so low in current that it cannot heat the arc zone 24 intensely enough. However, if a high-current arc 23 heats the arc zone 24 very strongly, so that a comparatively high pressure of the insulating gas occurs in the storage volume 17, at this high pressure there is initially no inflow of the compressed gas generated in the piston-cylinder arrangement. If a predetermined limit value of the stored pressure is exceeded in the storage volume 17, an excess pressure valve 29 opens after this predetermined limit value is exceeded and the excess pressure is reduced into the exhaust volume 18. In this way, it is prevented with great certainty that an inadmissible exceeding of the mechanical strength of the components can occur in this area.
  • the two gas flows are similar because of the very similarly designed flow areas, so that the pressure built up in the arc zone 24 flows approximately evenly and in a controlled manner to both sides, as a result of which the insulating gas present in the storage volume 17 for quenching the arc 23 is stored under pressure for so long until the arc 23 can be blown.
  • the blowing pressure effective in the arc zone 24 is additionally significantly increased by the high-pressure injection, which takes place directly into the arc zone 24.
  • the blowing of the arc 23 is particularly effective here.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show how the compression units 60 and 61 work.
  • the bores 92 are open and the insulating gas, here for example SF 6 gas, which is generally pressurized to about 6 bar, fills the first compression volume 65 or 79 with this pressure.
  • the switching pin 3 drives the gearwheels 71 and 84, respectively.
  • the Gears 71 and 84 each rotate in the direction of the associated arrows 77 and 90.
  • the lever linkage is actuated via the bearing 52a, which moves the contact fingers 56 of the rated current path in the switch-off direction.
  • the right half of FIG. 5 shows how the bearing point 87, in which the rod 86 moving the second compression piston 82 is mounted, runs through a dead center.
  • the second compression piston 82 reverses its direction of movement here, it now moves upwards.
  • the first compression piston 81 still maintains its direction of movement and thereby further increases the pressure in the first compression volume 79.
  • the grooves 69 still connect the first compression volume 79 to the second compression volume 80.
  • the switching time is shown in the left half of FIG. 6, where the second compression piston 68 has slid so far into the second compression volume 66 that the grooves 69 are just closed so that pressure equalization between the two volumes is no longer possible.
  • the intermediate pressure in the first 65 and in the second compression volume 66 has now risen by ten to fifteen times the initial pressure.
  • the bearing point 72 of the rod 70 is now also in a dead center position, and the first compression piston 67 reverses its direction of movement.
  • the second compression piston 82 compresses the intermediate pressure in the second compression volume 80 by a factor of ten to fifteen until it reaches its end position.
  • the first compression piston 67 has moved downward, the pressure in the first compression volume 65 in the end position shown corresponds approximately to the initial pressure of 6 bar.
  • the blowing of the arc 23 can be varied in different ways. As already stated, it can be supported by blow coils 30 and 31 and also by SF 6 gas which is additionally compressed in a one-stage piston-cylinder arrangement and which is introduced into the storage volume 17. In addition, the high-pressure injection can be graded as desired and optimally adapted to the respective operating conditions of the circuit breaker.
  • Insulating liquids can also be used as the compressed insulating medium in the present circuit breaker. It may prove useful not to inject them directly into the arc zone 24. In particular in the case of liquefied gases, it may be more favorable under certain circumstances to inject them first into the storage volume 17.
  • circuit breaker designs with high-pressure containers 94 can also be modified by blow coils 30 and 31 and also by SF 6 gas compressed in a single-stage piston-cylinder arrangement, which is introduced into the storage volume 17, so that these circuit breakers also optimally meet the respective operating requirements can be customized.
  • the circuit breaker according to the invention is particularly well suited for switchgear in the medium-voltage range.
  • the compact cylindrical design of the circuit breaker is particularly suitable for installation in metal-enclosed systems, in particular also for installation in metal-enclosed generator leads.
  • the Circuit breaker very well suited for the replacement of obsolete circuit breakers, since it, with the same or better breaking capacity, requires much less space than this, usually no complex structural changes are necessary with such a retrofitting. If the circuit breaker is to be used for operating voltages above approximately 24 kV to 30 kV, the distances a and b must be increased and the required voltage must be adjusted; if necessary, the opening speed of the switching pin 3 must also be adjusted accordingly, ie increased.
  • the switch-on speed of the switching pin 3 is in this circuit breaker in the range 5 m / sec to 10 m / sec, while the contact fingers 56 of the movable nominal current contact with a switch-on speed, in accordance with the values specified by the speed-reducing lever linkage, in the range of 0.5 m / sec move to their switch-on position up to 1 m / sec.

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  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
EP97810126A 1996-04-04 1997-03-06 Sectionneur de puissance Expired - Lifetime EP0800190B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19613569A DE19613569A1 (de) 1996-04-04 1996-04-04 Leistungsschalter
DE19613569 1996-04-04

Publications (2)

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EP0800190A1 true EP0800190A1 (fr) 1997-10-08
EP0800190B1 EP0800190B1 (fr) 2000-08-30

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US (1) US5902978A (fr)
EP (1) EP0800190B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH1031944A (fr)
KR (1) KR100445851B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1087480C (fr)
CA (1) CA2200388C (fr)
DE (2) DE19613569A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2189656C2 (fr)
UA (1) UA42020C2 (fr)

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EP0836209A3 (fr) * 1996-10-09 1999-04-07 Asea Brown Boveri AG Disjoncteur
EP0951029A3 (fr) * 1998-04-14 2000-06-07 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Ensemble de contacts d'arc
CN117558579A (zh) * 2024-01-11 2024-02-13 宁波天安智能电网科技股份有限公司 一种高压控弧开关及其工作方法

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DE19816505A1 (de) * 1998-04-14 1999-10-21 Asea Brown Boveri Leistungsschalter
DE19837945A1 (de) * 1998-08-21 2000-02-24 Asea Brown Boveri Schaltanordnung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE10006167B4 (de) * 2000-02-11 2009-07-23 Abb Schweiz Ag Leistungsschalter
EP1630840B1 (fr) * 2004-08-23 2006-12-20 ABB Technology AG Disjoncteur-limiteur avec inversion du mouvement
ATE484067T1 (de) * 2004-08-23 2010-10-15 Abb Technology Ag Schaltkammer und hochleistungsschalter
US7292422B2 (en) * 2004-11-29 2007-11-06 Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. Occupancy-based circuit breaker control
US20070205086A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-06 Pennsylvania Breaker Llc Linkage for reaction force control
US7210974B1 (en) 2006-03-03 2007-05-01 Pennsylvania Breaker Llc Slip-on linkage
DE102009013337B4 (de) * 2009-03-16 2011-01-27 Schaltbau Gmbh Lichtbogenresistenter Schütz
CN102714112B (zh) * 2010-02-04 2016-01-27 三菱电机株式会社 气体断路器
DE102010020979A1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Druckgas-Leistungsschalter
EP2579287B1 (fr) 2010-05-31 2014-07-02 Ormazabal Y Cia., S.L.U. Disjoncteur à gaz
WO2012157081A1 (fr) 2011-05-17 2012-11-22 三菱電機株式会社 Disjoncteur à gaz
JP4989794B1 (ja) * 2011-08-30 2012-08-01 三菱電機株式会社 ガス遮断器
JP5014526B1 (ja) 2011-10-19 2012-08-29 三菱電機株式会社 ガス遮断器
EP2791958B2 (fr) 2011-12-13 2019-07-17 ABB Schweiz AG Disjoncteur doté d'une injection de fluide
JP5047406B1 (ja) 2012-03-16 2012-10-10 三菱電機株式会社 ガス遮断器
US9064659B2 (en) * 2013-03-12 2015-06-23 Sensata Technologies Massachusetts, Inc. Circuit interruption device with constrictive arc extinguishing feature
FR3003956B1 (fr) * 2013-03-29 2015-08-07 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Procede et dispositif pour la localisation de defaut electrique dans un systeme modulaire de distribution electrique sous-marin
RU2706233C2 (ru) * 2013-12-23 2019-11-15 Абб Швайц Аг Электрическое переключающее устройство
CN107077988B (zh) * 2014-06-02 2019-07-16 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 高电压压气式断路器及具有这种压气式断路器的断路器单元
FR3039924B1 (fr) * 2015-08-07 2019-05-10 Supergrid Institute Appareil de coupure mecanique d'un circuit electrique
CN106783417B (zh) 2015-11-23 2020-08-11 森萨塔科技公司 断路器
CN105390335B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2018-06-29 中国西电电气股份有限公司 一种增加热膨胀效应的自能灭弧室
FR3049386B1 (fr) * 2016-03-24 2018-04-20 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Appareil electrique de coupure d'un courant electrique dans l'air comportant un dispositif de filtrage des gaz de coupure ameliore
CN205621690U (zh) * 2016-03-30 2016-10-05 浙江正泰电器股份有限公司 小型断路器
RU170596U1 (ru) * 2016-12-19 2017-05-05 Владимир Максимович Буртовой Дугогасительное устройство
CN111403231B (zh) * 2020-03-13 2022-04-08 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 混合式灭弧室
CN114618824A (zh) * 2022-03-17 2022-06-14 湖南亿胜新材料有限公司 一种精制石英砂酸洗提纯装置
US20260120982A1 (en) * 2023-03-07 2026-04-30 Hitachi Energy Ltd Fast earthing switch

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EP0836209A3 (fr) * 1996-10-09 1999-04-07 Asea Brown Boveri AG Disjoncteur
EP0951029A3 (fr) * 1998-04-14 2000-06-07 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Ensemble de contacts d'arc
CN117558579A (zh) * 2024-01-11 2024-02-13 宁波天安智能电网科技股份有限公司 一种高压控弧开关及其工作方法
CN117558579B (zh) * 2024-01-11 2024-03-22 宁波天安智能电网科技股份有限公司 一种高压控弧开关及其工作方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR970071884A (ko) 1997-11-07
EP0800190B1 (fr) 2000-08-30
DE59702266D1 (de) 2000-10-05
RU2189656C2 (ru) 2002-09-20
JPH1031944A (ja) 1998-02-03
KR100445851B1 (ko) 2004-10-14
CN1167993A (zh) 1997-12-17
CA2200388C (fr) 2005-01-04
CA2200388A1 (fr) 1997-10-04
CN1087480C (zh) 2002-07-10
DE19613569A1 (de) 1997-10-09
US5902978A (en) 1999-05-11
UA42020C2 (uk) 2001-10-15

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