EP0881001B1 - Elektrodynamischer Wandler für Unterwasser-Akustik - Google Patents

Elektrodynamischer Wandler für Unterwasser-Akustik Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0881001B1
EP0881001B1 EP98401205A EP98401205A EP0881001B1 EP 0881001 B1 EP0881001 B1 EP 0881001B1 EP 98401205 A EP98401205 A EP 98401205A EP 98401205 A EP98401205 A EP 98401205A EP 0881001 B1 EP0881001 B1 EP 0881001B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transducer
mobile structure
dome
fixed
air chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98401205A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0881001A1 (de
Inventor
Vito Thomson-CSF Propritété Industrielle Suppa
Jean Thomson-CSF Prop.Int.dept.prot.con Bertheas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Underwater Systems SAS
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Thales Underwater Systems SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales Underwater Systems SAS filed Critical Thales Underwater Systems SAS
Publication of EP0881001A1 publication Critical patent/EP0881001A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0881001B1 publication Critical patent/EP0881001B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/004—Mounting transducers, e.g. provided with mechanical moving or orienting device
    • G10K11/006—Transducer mounting in underwater equipment, e.g. sonobuoys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism
    • B06B1/045—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism using vibrating magnet, armature or coil system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to transducers of the type electrodynamics which allow waves to be emitted within the sea acoustic, more particularly sound waves. These transducers are particularly useful in sonar technique.
  • transducers of the type electrodynamics which include a horn driven by a coil mobile located in an air gap. These transducers of this type are quite made similar to well-known speakers in musical acoustics.
  • the transducer can withstand the explosions that sometimes occur in applications special.
  • the effect of such an underwater explosion results in applying a hydrostatic pressure step to the transducer and acceleration. This level is easily destructive at the level of roof and the waterproofing membrane between the roof and the housing transducer.
  • a technique known to resist such explosions consists of placing a dome over the roof of such a transducer pierced with holes and itself covered with a membrane. Each of these holes therefore forms a valve which allows the corresponding vibrations to pass to acoustic signals emitted by the transducer and does not let through pressure peaks from possible explosions.
  • Such system has the disadvantage of increasing the volume and mass of the transducer, and decrease the noise level it can issue.
  • the invention proposes a electrodynamic transducer for underwater acoustics, of the type comprising a body provided with pole pieces defining an air gap, a mobile assembly provided with a dome extended by a cylinder supporting a sliding winding in this air gap, and a flexible membrane ensuring the seal between the moving part and the body, mainly characterized in that it further comprises a pavilion surmounting said dome and sliding in said body, forming a nozzle therewith whose play value is fixed in such a way as to protect the said shock wave membrane from external explosions to the transducer by laminating these shock waves in said nozzle.
  • the mobile assembly comprises in in addition to a set of radial ribs fixed on one side to the wall interior of this moving assembly and joined on the other side in a star shape to increase the stiffness of this mobile equipment and its resistance to said shock wave.
  • the transducer comprises in besides a spring fixed on its periphery to the lower part of the body and connected in its center to the center of the star formed by the union of the said ribs, this spring making it possible to center the following moving assembly the vertical axis.
  • it further comprises a peripheral cavity formed in the body and connected to the external environment by at least one perforation and a toric and elastic air chamber contained in this peripheral cavity connected to the lower cavity defined by the body and the moving crew to compensate for the effects of the hydrostatic pressure due to immersion; the height difference between the pavilion and this air chamber used to hold the crew mobile in a neutral position.
  • the transducer according to the invention shown in the two appended figures includes a body formed by a base 101 on which fits a 102 shirt surmounted by a cup 103. These different pieces fit into each other of so as to define cylindrical cavities of revolution around the axis of the transducer, into which the other parts are inserted forming this transducer.
  • a first cylindrical cavity delimited between the base and the shirt allows to maintain a magnetic circuit formed of a first and second pole pieces 104 and 105 in the form of crowns centered on the axis of the transducer.
  • the first pole piece 104 is L-shaped with the inner branch of the L protruding inside the central chamber of the transducer.
  • the second room polar 105 is in the shape of a flat washer. Both are maintained separated by a set of magnets 106 on which they are clamped by the fitting of the shirt 102 in the base 101. This is obtained way a magnetic circuit which is only interrupted by a thin air gap 107 having the shape of a cylinder centered on the axis of the transducer and coming close to the inner side surface of the dish 103.
  • the central space of the transducer body forms a second cylindrical cavity in which a core 108, in the form of mushroom, comes to be embedded by its central rod in the opening central circular piece of the pole piece 104.
  • the movable element of the transducer is formed by a part hollow 109 having the shape of a dome covering a cylindrical part which comes to engage in the air gap 107. So that this part is at the same time very solid, very light and very rigid, it is for example formed by a carbon fiber fabric embedded in a resin matrix.
  • the upper surface of the dome 109 is covered with a part 110 whose upper surface is substantially flat and which forms the radiative horn of the transducer. It is realized, to be itself very light, for example in syntactic foam.
  • the pavilion 110 therefore behaves like a piston whose lateral outer surface is cylindrical. This piston slides in a cylinder formed by the inner lateral surface of the cup 103, itself substantially cylindrical. According to the invention, these two parts, and more particularly the pavilion 110, are made so as to have an extremely small adjustment clearance, of the order of 0.2 mm for example. We thus form a mechanical filter which slows the propagation shock wave that can come from an external explosion possible, by laminating in this interstice the fluid in which the flag.
  • the upper part of the space center of the transducer body is filled, in a known manner, with a fluid, an oil for example, suitable for both this protection and the propagation of acoustic waves.
  • a fluid an oil for example, suitable for both this protection and the propagation of acoustic waves.
  • the space 113 is closed at its upper part by a membrane 112, which is fixed on the periphery of the cup 103.
  • the lateral surface exterior of the pavilion is machined at this level to provide a recess compared to nozzle 111, which presents the reduced clearance described more high, and form a free space for the membrane 115.
  • the invention proposes to stiffen this set using a set of radial ribs 116 which are distributed over the inner periphery of the dome 109 and come to join in a star below the lower part of the stem of the mushroom forming the core 108. These ribs come slide in grooves 117 made in the core 108 and in the first pole piece 104. These grooves are relatively wide at the level of the core and are narrower at the pole piece for minimize loss of magnetic flux, which can be reduced to a value very low by a few percent.
  • An axis 118 joins the center of the upper part of the dome 109 in the center of the star formed by the union of the ribs 116, in below the underside of the core 108.
  • This axis allows both stiffen the assembly and ensure its vertical centering with respect to the axis of the transducer.
  • the axis is fixed by its lower part in the center of a flat spring 119 itself fixed circumferentially in the lower part of the base 101.
  • This spring of the type known as a "flector” is formed by a flexible and elastic washer with circumferential openings allowing free passage of air in the lower part of the central space of the transducer, between the two parts delimited by the plan of this spring. This spring not only ensures centering, but it avoids the rotational movements of the moving part which would come rub the ribs against the walls of the grooves in which they slide.
  • the driving action that makes the whole move dome / flag along the axis of the transducer, to emit waves acoustic, is obtained by the interaction between the magnetic field which circulates between the pole pieces and that delivered by a coil 120 wound on the lateral sides of the lower cylindrical part of the dome 109.
  • This coil is therefore immersed in the air gap existing between the two pole pieces, which achieves the classic pattern of a electrodynamic transducer.
  • This coil is powered by means not shown in the figure and which are known in the art.
  • the ribs 116 also serve as a full-length heat sink of the coil 120, to dissipate the heat given off at this level by pointing to the other parts of the transducer.
  • the internal part 114 delimited by the dome 109, the base 101 with the bottom closed, the jacket 102 and the waterproofing membrane 115 is filled with air to allow the movement of the moving equipment, as we saw above.
  • the moving part sinks towards the bottom of the base 101 by compressing the spring 119 and the volume of air included in this part 114. This movement naturally tends to modify the electroacoustic characteristics of the transducer, in particular modifying the respective positions of the coil and the pole pieces.
  • a compensation tank, or inner tube, 121 formed of a pocket flexible, rubber for example, subject to environmental pressure marine and communicating with Part 114 through a conduit 122.
  • this is toroidal in shape and is located in another cavity internal cylindrical 123 which is delimited inside the transducer by the walls of the jacket 102 and the cup 103. This cavity is so itself toroidal and closed and it surrounds the location of the pavilion 110.
  • transducers of this type being generally intended for operate in such a way as to emit the acoustic waves downwards, so in the opposite position to that shown in Figure 1, the movement of the moving part towards the bottom of the body 101 under the effect hydrostatic pressure is then thwarted simultaneously by the action of spring 119, the action of gravity on the whole of the moving part, and the action of the hydrostatic pressure on the chamber air 121.
  • the invention proposes to size these different parts in such a way that there is a difference ⁇ h between the plane of the exterior surface of the roof and the average position of the air chamber; this distance being such that the difference in hydrostatic pressure between this surface and the air chamber, due to the difference in immersions, balances the weight of the moving element.
  • This formula allows, for a given construction, to obtain the maximum value of the immersion, and for a maximum value desired immersion, to obtain the volume value of the chamber to air, and therefore its sizing as well as that of the parts which contain.
  • a transducer to be immersed at a depth of 30 m must have an air chamber whose volume is substantially equal to 3 times the volume of air in the rest of the transducer.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Eloktrodynamischer Wandler für Unterwasser-Akustik von der Art mit einem Körper (101 - 103), der mit Polteilen (104, 105) versehen ist, die einen Luftspalt (107) begrenzen, mit einem beweglichen Organ, das mit einer Kuppel (109) versehen ist, die sich in einen eine Wicklung (120) tragenden Zylinder fortsetzt, der in diesem Luftspalt (107) gleitet, und mit einer flexiblen Membran (115), die für die Dichtheit zwischen dem beweglichen Organ und dem Körper sorgt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er außerdem eine Haube (110) umfasst, die die Kuppel (109) uberragt und in dem Körper (101 - 103) gleitet, wobei sie mit diesem eine Düse (111) bildet, deren Wert für ihr Spiel so festgelegt wird, dass er es gestattet, die Membran (115) gegen Stoßwellen, die von Explosionen außerhalb des Wandlers stammen, zu schützen, indem diese Stoßwellen in der Düse (111) gedrosselt werden.
  2. Wandler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das bewegliche Organ außerdem einen Satz von radialen Rippen (116) umfasst, die auf einer Seite auf der Innenwand dieses beweglichen Organs befestigt sind und die mit der anderen Seite sternförmig vereinigt sind, um die Steifheit dieses beweglichen Organs und seine Wiederstandsfestigkeit gegen die Stoßwellen zu erhöhen.
  3. Wandler nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er außerdem eine Feder (119) umfasst, die an ihrer Peripherie am unteren Teil des Körpers (101) befestigt ist und an ihrer Mitte mit der Mitte des Sterns verbunden ist, der durch die Vereinigung der radialen Rippen (116) gebildet wird, wobei diese Feder (119) es gestattet, das bewegliche Organ entlang der vertikalen Achse zu zentrieren.
  4. Wandler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er außerdem einen peripheren Hohlraum (123) umfasst, der in dem Körper (101 - 103) ausgebildet ist und mit dem äußeren Milieu durch zumindest eine Perforation (124) und eine ringförmige und elastische Luftkammer (121) verbunden ist, die in diesem peripheren Hohlraum (123) enthalten ist, der mit einem unteren Hohlraum (114) verbunden ist, der durch den Körper (101 - 103) und das bewegliche Organ begrenzt wird, um die Wirkung des hydrostatischen Drucks aufgrund des Eintauchens zu kompensieren, wobei der Höhenunterschied zwischen der Haube (110) und dieser Luftkammer (121) es gestattet, das bewegliche Organ in einer neutralen Position zu halten.
EP98401205A 1997-05-27 1998-05-19 Elektrodynamischer Wandler für Unterwasser-Akustik Expired - Lifetime EP0881001B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9706457A FR2764160B1 (fr) 1997-05-27 1997-05-27 Transducteur electrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine
FR9706457 1997-05-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0881001A1 EP0881001A1 (de) 1998-12-02
EP0881001B1 true EP0881001B1 (de) 2004-08-04

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP98401205A Expired - Lifetime EP0881001B1 (de) 1997-05-27 1998-05-19 Elektrodynamischer Wandler für Unterwasser-Akustik

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6046962A (de)
EP (1) EP0881001B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69825361T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2764160B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002541697A (ja) * 1999-04-02 2002-12-03 レイセオン・カンパニー 音響変換器のための受動的圧力補償システムおよび方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2776161B1 (fr) 1998-03-10 2000-05-26 Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas Antenne d'emission acoustique annulaire demontable
FR2800229B1 (fr) 1999-10-22 2002-04-05 Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas Transducteur acoustique sous-marin a large bande
FR2809580B1 (fr) * 2000-05-26 2002-08-30 Thomson Marconi Sonar Sas Transducteur electrodynamique pour acoustique sous-marine
WO2013028967A2 (en) * 2011-08-24 2013-02-28 Stephen Chelminski Marine vibratory sound source for beneath water seismic exploration
FR3015785B1 (fr) * 2013-12-20 2015-12-25 Thales Sa Antenne omnidirectionnelle compacte pour sonar trempe

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2545961A (en) * 1946-04-11 1951-03-20 Univ Loudspeakers Inc Reflex type loud-speaker
FR1448949A (fr) * 1965-06-29 1966-08-12 Csf Perfectionnements aux sonars à grande portée
FR1573029A (de) * 1968-02-05 1969-07-04
FR2109443A6 (de) * 1970-10-16 1972-05-26 Thomson Csf
FR2112582A6 (de) * 1970-05-29 1972-06-23 Thomson Csf
FR2183568B1 (de) * 1972-05-10 1976-10-29 Thomson Csf
GB1518138A (en) * 1974-12-17 1978-07-19 Thomson Csf Cooling device for components which dissipate large amounts of heat
FR2431419A1 (fr) * 1978-07-18 1980-02-15 Thomson Csf Bouee aeroportee largable
FR2450193A1 (fr) * 1979-02-27 1980-09-26 Thomson Csf Bouee aeroportee largable a declenchement inertiel
FR2464179A2 (fr) * 1979-08-28 1981-03-06 Thomson Csf Bouee aeroportee largable
FR2504275A1 (fr) * 1981-04-15 1982-10-22 Thomson Csf Systeme de telemetrie passive
CA1161895A (en) * 1981-10-21 1984-02-07 Garfield W. Mcmahon Moving coil linear actuator
US4466083A (en) * 1983-05-31 1984-08-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Low frequency, broadband, underwater sound transducer
JPS6180996A (ja) * 1984-09-28 1986-04-24 Hitachi Ltd 水中送波器
US5062089A (en) * 1987-04-17 1991-10-29 Argotec Inc. Sonar projector with liquid mass loading for operation at lower frequency
FR2651950B1 (fr) * 1989-09-08 1992-04-17 Thomson Csf Antenne hydrophonique lineaire et dispositif electronique de levee d'ambiguite droite-gauche associe a cette antenne.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002541697A (ja) * 1999-04-02 2002-12-03 レイセオン・カンパニー 音響変換器のための受動的圧力補償システムおよび方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2764160B1 (fr) 1999-08-27
FR2764160A1 (fr) 1998-12-04
DE69825361T2 (de) 2005-08-11
DE69825361D1 (de) 2004-09-09
EP0881001A1 (de) 1998-12-02
US6046962A (en) 2000-04-04

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