EP3677051B1 - Wasserschallgehäuse - Google Patents

Wasserschallgehäuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3677051B1
EP3677051B1 EP18759139.1A EP18759139A EP3677051B1 EP 3677051 B1 EP3677051 B1 EP 3677051B1 EP 18759139 A EP18759139 A EP 18759139A EP 3677051 B1 EP3677051 B1 EP 3677051B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hollow body
loudspeaker
opening
pressure
main axis
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EP18759139.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3677051A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Morkerken
Jean-Dominique Polack
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/022—Cooling arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for emitting sound immersible or semi-immersible in a liquid.
  • piezoelectric loudspeakers which can reach high powers and thus have sufficient effective ranges for the intended application.
  • piezoelectric loudspeakers are very expensive and have a restricted frequency band, only very difficult to go below 100 Hz.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a robust acoustic enclosure which can be immersed in a liquid, and more particularly in water, being of moderate cost and performing well at very low frequencies.
  • the device comprises a rigid hollow body having at least one opening at one of its ends and arranged to be at least partially immersed in the liquid, so that the main axis passing through the opening of the hollow body is substantially vertical , and at least one electrodynamic loudspeaker comprising at least one membrane, at least one magnet and at least one moving coil.
  • the at least one loudspeaker is fixed inside the hollow body close to at least one submerged opening of the hollow body, the device and its hollow body being arranged so that, when the device is at least semi-submerged , the membrane of the at least one loudspeaker is in contact with the liquid on at least one of its sides and closes the submerged opening of the hollow body.
  • the surrounding liquid has a density equal to or greater than 0.9, and more preferably equal to or greater than 0.95, and/or equal to or less than 1.2, and more preferably equal to or less than 1.05 to 20 °C at the interface with air with a pressure of 1013.25 hPa at 15°C.
  • the liquid can be, for example, water.
  • the device according to the invention is semi-immersible or immersible in water.
  • the loudspeaker including the voice coil and the magnet are fully immersed in the surrounding liquid.
  • the hollow body can be semi-immersed.
  • the device further comprises a floating part arranged outside the hollow body.
  • the floating part is a circular body surrounding the hollow body, the circular body being made of floating material.
  • the loudspeaker is fixed inside the hollow body near the upper opening, and when the device is completely immersed in the liquid, air is contained inside the body hollow.
  • the loudspeaker coil is arranged in a protective chamber, the protective chamber being formed by a flexible membrane, and a wall of the hollow body.
  • the device comprises two loudspeakers arranged along the main axis of the hollow body and forming a chamber with their membranes and the wall of the hollow body, the chamber being filled with a pressure compensation fluid.
  • one of the loudspeakers can be an active loudspeaker comprising a membrane and a coil, and the other loudspeaker can be a passive loudspeaker comprising only a membrane.
  • the transmission frequency of the loudspeaker(s) is between 1 Hz and 500 Hz.
  • the sound pressure level of the loudspeaker(s) can be at least 160 dB (reference 1 ⁇ Pa) at a distance of 1 m from the loudspeaker.
  • the loudspeaker can have a motor on each side of the membrane.
  • the power of the loudspeaker(s) can be adapted to the pressure of the surrounding liquid in which the device is immersed or semi-immersed.
  • variants of the invention may in particular be considered comprising only a selection of characteristics described or illustrated isolated from the other characteristics described or illustrated (even if this selection is isolated within 'a sentence including these other features), if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
  • This selection includes at least one preferably functional feature without structural details, and/or with only part of the structural details if only this part is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the art anterior.
  • the sound emitting device 1 is immersible or semi-immersible in a surrounding liquid. In the embodiment shown in the figure 1 , the device 1 is semi-immersed in water 2.
  • the device 1 comprises a floating hollow body 3, arranged to be at least partially immersed in the surrounding liquid 2 on the side of an immersible end 32 of the body 3.
  • the device 1 spontaneously orients so that the main axis 4 of the body 3 is substantially vertical.
  • the device 1 is configured so that the center of gravity of the device 1 and the center of thrust of the Archimedes thrust are on the main axis 4. In a position of stable equilibrium, the center of thrust Archimedes' thrust is directly above the center of gravity (i.e. above, on the same vertical axis).
  • the hollow body 3 has two openings 34, 35, one at each end 31, 32.
  • the main axis 4 of the body 3 passes through the center of these openings.
  • the hollow body 3 is made of rigid material and preferably of metal, for example stainless steel.
  • the hollow body 3 encloses a volume which can have different shapes, for example, cylindrical, parallelepiped, etc.
  • the hollow body 3 is a tube, that is to say a hollow and rigid cylinder.
  • the tube 3 used in the example of the figure 1 is equipped with an orifice 33 in the immersible part of the tube 3.
  • This orifice 33 allows the balancing of the levels of the liquid inside and outside the submerged part of the tube 3 when the latter is semi-immersed .
  • the device 1 also comprises at least one electrodynamic loudspeaker 5.
  • the electrodynamic loudspeaker 5 comprises a membrane 6, a moving coil 7 and a magnet 11, that is to say an electrodynamic motor. Magnet 11 is mounted fixed relative to hollow body 3.
  • Coil 7 is mounted to move relative to hollow body 3. More specifically, coil 7 is able to move axially relative to hollow body 3 parallel to the axis main 4.
  • the displacement of the coil 7 is dependent on the intensity of the current flowing through the coil 7.
  • the displacement of the coil 7 causes a concomitant displacement of the membrane 6.
  • the loudspeaker 5 is fixed inside the tube 3 close to the end 32 or immersible opening 35 of the tube 3.
  • the loudspeaker 5 and its mobile coil 7 are completely immersed in the liquid 2, and the membrane 6 closes the opening 35 of the tube 3 when the device 1 is immersed or semi-immersed. In the embodiment shown in the figure 1 , this is the opening 35 located at the lower end 32.
  • the two opposite faces 63 and 64 of the membrane 6 are in contact with the surrounding liquid 2.
  • the edge of the membrane 6 and the lower edge of the tube 3 are flush.
  • This arrangement of the loudspeaker 5 with respect to the tube 3 allows sound to be emitted in the water without the edge of the tube 3 obstructing the propagation of the sound waves generated by the movement of the membrane 6.
  • the membrane 6 is fixed to the edge of the tube 3 by known means, for example using a flange.
  • the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 can also be arranged inside the tube 3, close to its lower edge.
  • the material of the membrane 6 must be rigid in order to avoid any deformation of the membrane. Such a deformation caused a sharp drop in the performance of the loudspeaker due to the destructive interference of pressure waves coming from different areas of the membrane.
  • the membrane can be made of a composite material, for example of the sandwich type.
  • the membrane can also be made of aluminum, titanium, steel, a honeycomb material or even plastic, or any other material suitable for this use.
  • the device 1 preferably comprises a floating part 8 to prevent the body 3 from sinking completely in the liquid 2.
  • the floating part 8 is fixed to the body 3.
  • the floating part 8 can have the form of a circular body pierced in its center to insert the hollow body 3 of the device 1 inside the latter, as illustrated in figure 1 .
  • the floating piece 8 can be, for example, made of wood or any other material floating in the liquid 2.
  • the piece floating 8 can be fixed all around or partially around the body 3 so that, when the device 1 is semi-immersed in the liquid, the loudspeaker 5 and its moving coil 7 are completely immersed in the liquid.
  • Any mechanism or device suitable for floating the device in the liquid can be used.
  • a float can be used.
  • the picture 2 schematically represents a second embodiment of the device 1. The description of the parts identical to the embodiment of the figure 1 is omitted.
  • the device 1 comprises two loudspeakers 51, 52 arranged along the axis 4 of the tube 3.
  • the first loudspeaker 51 comprises a first membrane 61 and a first coil 71.
  • the second loudspeaker 52 comprises a second membrane 62 and a second coil 72.
  • the two membranes 61 and 62 delimit with the wall of the tube 3 a closed chamber 10.
  • the coils 71, 72 are located inside the chamber 10.
  • the chamber 10 thus formed is filled with a pressure compensating fluid.
  • This compensation fluid can be, for example, pressurized air or sterilized water.
  • the pressure inside the chamber 10 is substantially the same as outside the tube 3 at the level of the loudspeakers 51, 52; it is regulated by communicating vessels according to the depth of immersion of the tube 3.
  • the second embodiment makes it possible to protect the coils from any pollution or dirt. Consequently, the maintenance of such a device 1 is facilitated and its service life extended, in particular in untreated water.
  • the two loudspeakers 51, 52 are active loudspeakers, that is to say loudspeakers each comprising a membrane 61, 62 and an electrodynamic motor including a coil 71, 72 as defined above.
  • the strengths of two loudspeakers add up.
  • one of the loudspeakers 51, 52 can be an active loudspeaker.
  • the other of the loudspeakers 51, 52 can be a passive loudspeaker, that is to say comprising only the membrane.
  • the arrangement of the loudspeaker in the device 1 according to the embodiments described with reference to the figure 1 and 2 makes it possible to effectively decouple the front sound wave of the loudspeaker 5 and the rear sound wave, by using the characteristic impedance differences between the air and the surrounding liquid without hindering the displacement of the membrane. Therefore, very low frequencies may be emitted.
  • the figures 3A to 3D schematically represent other embodiments of the device 1, in which the device 1 is entirely immersible in a liquid. The description of the parts identical to the embodiments of the figure 1 and 2 is omitted.
  • the device 1 when the device 1 is immersed in the surrounding liquid 2, the device 1 spontaneously orients itself so that the main axis 4 of the hollow body 3 is vertical and the loudspeaker 5 is placed at the top. of the hollow body 3.
  • the device 1 is immersed in the liquid 2 so that the air contained inside the hollow body 3 compresses under the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 surrounding the device 1.
  • the membrane 6 of loudspeaker 5 is exposed to equal pressure on both sides of membrane 6 which then remains in neutral position.
  • One of the faces of the membrane 6 is in contact with the surrounding liquid and the other of the faces of the membrane 6 is in contact with the air contained in the hollow body 3.
  • the characteristic impedance difference of the surrounding liquid and air prevents the phase opposition when the membrane 6 is moved by the coil 7.
  • the coil 7 of the loudspeaker 5 is located inside the device 1.
  • the example of the Figure 3B is a variant of the example of the Figure 3A , in which the motor 7 of the loudspeaker 5 is surrounded by a cooling liquid 16 contained in a flexible and extensible bag 17.
  • the flexible bag 17 is a bladder with an accordion deformation mechanism.
  • the flexible pocket 17 forms a protective chamber 15 around the coil 7 and allows the moving parts of the loudspeaker 5 to move, the cooling liquid 16 being incompressible.
  • the coil 7 of the loudspeaker 5 is located outside the device 1. More precisely, the coil 7 is fixed to the face of the membrane 6 in contact with the surrounding liquid 2.
  • the example of the 3d figure is a variant of the example of the Fig. 3C , in which the loudspeaker 5 is not flush with the edge of the body 3 but is located slightly inside the latter.
  • the upper end 31 of the body 3 is closed by a flexible membrane 9.
  • This membrane 9 can be, for example, made of polyester, such as the Mylar® product marketed by the company Dupont.
  • the protective chamber 91 thus formed between the flexible membrane 9 and the loudspeaker contains a sterile cooling liquid, for example distilled water. The coil 7 is then protected from possible contamination and cooled at the same time.
  • the device according to the example of Fig. 3C is preferably usable in a sterile liquid (such as chlorinated water) in order to avoid micro-organic contamination of the coil 5.
  • a sterile liquid such as chlorinated water
  • the device does not include a pressure equalization pocket.
  • the fluid contained in the cavity 37 of the hollow body 3 for example air
  • the surrounding liquid 2 for example water
  • the air is trapped in the cavity 37.
  • the quantity of air contained in the cavity 37 remains constant.
  • surrounding liquid 2 i.e. water
  • second opening 35 lower opening of the body. hollow 3.
  • the fluid contained inside the cavity 37 i.e. air
  • the surrounding liquid 2 is compressed until it reaches a pressure equal to the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2.
  • the liquid contained in the hollow body 3 is evacuated to the outside of the device 1 via the second opening 35 (lower opening) of the hollow body. In this way, the fluid contained inside the cavity 37 is expanded until it reaches a pressure equal to the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2.
  • the circulation of the surrounding liquid 2 through the second opening of the hollow body 3 has the effect of displacing the air/water interface inside the cavity 37.
  • the two faces of the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 are permanently subjected to identical pressures. Pressure equalization occurs naturally, in the sense that no fluid injection device is required.
  • the device 1 when the device 1 is immersed in the surrounding liquid 2, the device 1 spontaneously orients itself so that the main axis 4 of the hollow body 3 is vertical and the loudspeaker 5 is placed at the bottom of the hollow body 3 of the device 1.
  • the description of the parts identical to the embodiments of the preceding figures is still omitted.
  • the hollow body 3 is closed by a deformable part 14.
  • the deformable part is a bladder 14 with an accordion deformation mechanism.
  • the deformable part 14 can also be a flexible and extensible membrane.
  • the protection chamber 13 formed inside the hollow body 3, between the bladder 14 and the loudspeaker 5 is filled with air.
  • the chamber 13 can also contain a sterile liquid 12 for cooling. In this case, the two opposite faces of the membrane 6 are in contact with liquid.
  • the bladder 14 deforms according to the pressure of the liquid, thus compressing the air located in the chamber 13.
  • the loudspeaker 5 is then exposed to an equal pressure of the both sides of the membrane 6.
  • This embodiment allows a significant variation in the depth of immersion while maintaining the equal pressure on both sides of the membrane 6 and therefore good performance of the device 1.
  • the hollow body 3 of the device 1 is closed at its upper end 31 by a rigid wall (for example of the same type as the side wall of the hollow body 3).
  • the protective chamber 13 formed inside the hollow body 3 is filled with air.
  • the chamber 13 also contains a sterile liquid 12 for cooling. The quantity of this liquid 12 is determined by the immersion depth of the device 1, the immersion depth being predetermined and relatively low for this embodiment.
  • the two opposite faces of the membrane 6 are in contact with liquid.
  • the device 1 according to the embodiments of the figures 3A to 3D , 4 and 5 has the advantage of being easily achievable and of being low cost. It can be used at different depths of total immersion because its layout reduces stress on the membrane. Advantageously, its yield is very high.
  • the figure 6 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a sound emitting device 1.
  • the sound emitting device 1 comprises a hollow body 3, a loudspeaker 5 and a pressure equalization pocket 14.
  • the hollow body 3 comprises a side wall 36, for example a side wall 36 of cylindrical shape, delimiting an internal cavity 37.
  • the internal cavity 37 is filled with a fluid such as air or water.
  • the hollow body 3 has a main axis 4.
  • the side wall 36 has a cylindrical shape of revolution and the main axis 4 is the axis of revolution of the side wall 36.
  • the hollow body 3 comprises a first opening 34 (or upper opening) and a second opening 35 (or lower opening).
  • the first opening 34 is circular in shape.
  • the second opening 35 is also circular in shape.
  • the main axis 4 passes through the center of the first opening 34.
  • the main axis 4 also passes through the center of the second opening 35.
  • the loudspeaker 5 is arranged inside the hollow body 3.
  • the loudspeaker 5 comprises a membrane 6, a moving coil 7 and a magnet 11.
  • the membrane 6 is fixed to the hollow body 3 so that it closes the first opening 34.
  • the membrane 6 has a symmetrical shape of revolution around the main axis 4.
  • the membrane 6 has a first face 63 and a second face 64, opposite the first face 63.
  • the first face 63 is in contact with the surrounding liquid 2 while the second face 64 of the membrane 6 is in contact with the fluid contained in the internal cavity 37 of the hollow body 3.
  • the magnet 11 is mounted fixed relative to the hollow body 3.
  • the coil 7 is movably mounted relative to the hollow body 3. More specifically, the coil 7 is able to move axially relative to the hollow body 3 parallel to the main axis 4.
  • the coil 7 When the loudspeaker 5 is in operation, the coil 7 is traversed by an electric current and tends to move relative to the hollow body 3 along the main axis 4. The movement of the coil 7 is dependent on the intensity of the current flowing through the coil 7. The movement of the coil 7 causes a concomitant movement of the membrane 6.
  • the pressure equalization pocket 14 is located inside the hollow body 3.
  • the pressure equalization pocket 14 comprises a flexible membrane 17 capable of containing a pressure compensation fluid.
  • the pressure compensation fluid is a liquid identical to the surrounding liquid 2.
  • the pressure balancing pocket 14 closes the second opening 35. In this way, the quantity of fluid contained in the cavity 37 of the hollow body 3 is constant.
  • the flexible membrane 17 forming the pressure balancing pocket 14 is capable of deforming under the effect of a pressure variation of the surrounding liquid 2. More precisely, when the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 increases, the volume of the pocket 14 increases and the pocket 14 fills with liquid. Surrounding liquid enters the pocket 14 via the second opening 35. In this way, the fluid contained in the interior of the cavity 37 is compressed until a pressure equal to the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 is reached.
  • the deformation of the flexible membrane 17 generates a circulation of the pressure compensation fluid through the second opening 35 so that the two faces 63 and 64 of the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 are permanently subjected to identical pressures. .
  • the balancing of the pressures is done in a natural way, in the sense that no compensation fluid injection device is necessary.
  • the device 1 When the device 1 is immersed in the surrounding liquid 2, the device 1 spontaneously orients itself in a position of stable equilibrium.
  • the main axis 4 In the position of stable equilibrium, the main axis 4 is vertical and the first opening 34 is located above the second opening 35.
  • This orientation has the advantage that the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 is subjected to the same hydrostatic pressure in an axisymmetric manner around the main axis 4.
  • the figure 7 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a sound emitting device 1.
  • the sound emitting device 1 comprises a hollow body 3, a loudspeaker 5 and a pressure equalization pocket 14.
  • the hollow body 3 and the loudspeaker 5 are identical to the hollow body 3 of the embodiment of the figure 6 .
  • the pressure equalization pocket 14 is located outside the hollow body 3.
  • the pressure equalization pocket 14 comprises a flexible membrane 17 capable of containing a pressure compensation fluid.
  • the device 1 further comprises a fluid circulation conduit 18 connecting the pocket pressure equalization valve 14 to the second opening 35.
  • the pressure compensation fluid is a fluid identical to the fluid contained in the cavity 17 of the hollow body 3, that is to say air or water.
  • the total quantity of fluid contained in the cavity 17 of the hollow body 3 and in the pressure balancing pocket 14 is constant.
  • the pressure balancing pocket 14 is arranged with respect to the hollow body 3 so that it is located in the surrounding liquid 2, substantially at the same depth P as the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5. This arrangement makes it possible to ensure a balancing of the pressures exerted on the two faces 63 and 64 of the membrane 6.
  • the flexible membrane 17 forming the pressure balancing pocket 14 is capable of deforming under the effect of a pressure variation of the surrounding liquid 2. More precisely, when the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 increases, the volume of the pocket 14 decreases and the pocket 14 is emptied of the fluid it contains. The fluid circulates from the pressure equalization pocket 14 via the circulation conduit 18 to the cavity 37 of the hollow body 3, and penetrates inside the cavity 37 of the hollow body 3 via the second opening 35. In this way, the fluid contained inside the cavity 37 is compressed until it reaches on the face 64 of the membrane 6 a pressure equal to the pressure of the surrounding liquid 2 acting on the face 63 of the membrane 6.
  • the deformation of the flexible membrane 17 generates a circulation of the pressure compensation fluid through the second opening 35 so that the two faces 63 and 64 of the membrane 6 of the loudspeaker 5 are permanently subjected to identical pressures.
  • the balancing of the pressures is done in a natural way, in the sense that no compensation fluid injection device is necessary.
  • the device 1 When the device 1 is immersed in the surrounding liquid 2, the device 1 spontaneously orients itself so that the main axis 4 is vertical and the first opening 34 is located above the second opening 35.
  • This orientation has the advantage that the speaker membrane is subjected to the same hydrostatic pressure axisymmetrically around the main axis 4.
  • the immersion in a liquid of the loudspeaker 5 has the advantage of allowing very effective cooling of the electrodynamic motor of the loudspeaker by the liquid surrounding the motor.
  • the device 1 according to the invention is semi-immersible in sea water.
  • the device 1, when it is semi-immersed, can then advantageously be used for the repulsion of predatory fish.
  • the transmission frequency band must be between approximately 40Hz and 500Hz. These frequency bands are perfectly attainable with electrodynamic loudspeakers.
  • the device 1 can be used to keep gilthead seabream away from shellfish farms in order to avoid predation by seabream from mussel and oyster farms. The sound emitted by the device 1 then scares away the predatory fish without harming their physical integrity.
  • the loudspeaker whose sound pressure level delivered in water is greater than 160dB at 1m (reference 1 ⁇ Pa) can be effective in repelling predatory fish.
  • Such a device 1 can have a range of approximately 300 m.
  • several devices 1 according to the invention can be arranged submerged or semi-submerged and spaced out so that the entire park is covered by sound emissions at the level required during operation of the devices.
  • Another possible application of the device according to the invention is the emission of pleasant sounds in swimming or leisure pools.
  • the power of the latter must be adapted in order to compensate for the loss of radiation with the variation in the pressure of the liquid.
  • the loudspeaker of the device can also comprise an electrodynamic motor on each side of the membrane. This arrangement makes it possible to double the force factor by using only one loudspeaker.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Schallemissionsvorrichtung (1), die in eine Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) eintauchbar oder halb eintauchbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie umfasst:
    - einen starren hohlen Körper (3), der eine erste Öffnung (34) und eine zweite Öffnung (35) hat, wobei der hohle Körper (3) angeordnet ist, um zumindest teilweise in die Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) eingetaucht zu werden, und der eine Hauptachse (4) hat, die durch die erste Öffnung des hohlen Körpers (3) hindurchgeht,
    - einen elektrodynamischen Lautsprecher (5), der eine Membran (6) umfasst, die die erste Öffnung (34) verschließt, einen Magneten, der in Bezug auf den hohlen Körper (3) ortsfest angeordnet ist, und eine Spule (7), die in Bezug auf den hohlen Körper entlang einer Verschiebungsrichtung parallel zur Hauptachse (4) des hohlen Körpers (3) beweglich angeordnet ist, und
    - einen Druckausgleichsbeutel (14), der eine flexible Membran (17) umfasst und geeignet ist, ein Druckausgleichsfluid zu enthalten, wobei die flexible Membran (17) geeignet ist, sich unter der Wirkung einer Druckänderung der Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) zu verformen, wobei die Verformung der flexiblen Membran (17) ein Strömen des Druckausgleichsfluids durch die zweite Öffnung (35) erzeugt, um die Drücke, die auf beiden Seiten der Membran (6) des Lautsprechers ausgeübt werden, auszugleichen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung so ausgebildet ist, dass sich ihr Schwerpunkt und ihr Schubzentrum des Schubs des Archimedes auf der Hauptachse (4) befinden, wobei das Schubzentrum des Schubes des Archimedes senkrecht über dem Schwerpunkt ist, wobei die Vorrichtung (1) und ihr hohler Körper (3) somit so angeordnet sind, dass, wenn die Vorrichtung (1) zumindest halb in die Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) eingetaucht ist, sich die Vorrichtung (1) spontan so ausrichtet, dass sich die Hauptachse (4) des hohlen Körpers (3) vertikal erstreckt, wobei eine Fläche (63) der Membran (6) des Lautsprechers (5) mit der Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) in Kontakt ist.
  2. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1, bei der der hohle Körper (3) einen Innenhohlraum (37) begrenzt und sich der Druckausgleichsbeutel (14) im Inneren des Innenhohlraums (37) erstreckt.
  3. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 2, bei der das Innere des Druckausgleichsbeutels (14) über die zweite Öffnung (35) in Verbindung mit der Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) steht, sodass die Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) das Ausgleichsfluid bildet.
  4. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1, bei der der hohle Körper (3) einen Innenhohlraum (37) begrenzt und sich der Druckausgleichsbeutel (14) außerhalb des Innenhohlraums (37) erstreckt.
  5. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 4, umfassend eine Fluidzirkulationsleitung (18), die den Druckausgleichsbeutel (14) mit der zweiten Öffnung (35) verbindet.
  6. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 4 und 5, bei der der Druckausgleichsbeutel (14) in Bezug auf den hohlen Körper (3) derart angeordnet ist, dass, wenn die Vorrichtung (1) zumindest halb in die Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) bei vertikaler Hauptachse (4) eingetaucht ist, der Ausgleichsbeutel (14) in einer Tiefe (P) positioniert ist, die im Wesentlichen identisch zur Tiefe der Membran (6) des Lautsprechers (5) ist.
  7. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei der sich die Vorrichtung (1) spontan derart ausrichtet, dass der hohle Körper (3) halb in die Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) eingetaucht ist.
  8. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, ferner umfassend ein schwimmendes Teil (8), das außerhalb des hohlen Körpers (3) angeordnet und am hohlen Körper (3) befestigt ist.
  9. Vorrichtung (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der die Vorrichtung (1) und ihr hohler Körper (3) so angeordnet sind, dass, wenn die Vorrichtung (1) zumindest halb in die Umgebungsflüssigkeit (2) eingetaucht ist, sich die Vorrichtung (1) spontan so ausrichtet, dass sich die Hauptachse (4) des hohlen Körpers (3) vertikal erstreckt und sich die erste Öffnung (35) über der zweiten Öffnung (35) befindet.
  10. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Spule (7, 71, 72) des Lautsprechers (5, 51, 52) in einer Schutzkammer (13, 15, 91) angeordnet ist, wobei die Schutzkammer (13, 15, 91) durch die Membran (7, 71, 72) des Lautsprechers, eine flexible Membran (9, 14, 17) und eine Wand des hohlen Körpers (3) gebildet ist.
  11. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, umfassend zwei Lautsprecher (51, 52), die entlang der Hauptachse (4) des hohlen Körpers (3) angeordnet sind und mit ihren Membranen (61, 62) und einer Wand des hohlen Körpers (3) eine Kammer (10) begrenzen, wobei die Kammer (10) mit dem Druckausgleichsfluid gefüllt ist.
  12. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, umfassend zwei Lautsprecher (51, 52) und bei der einer der Lautsprecher (51, 52) ein aktiver Lautsprecher ist, der eine Membran und eine Spule umfasst, und der andere Lautsprecher eine passive Membran umfasst.
  13. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der der oder einer der Lautsprecher (5, 51, 52) imstande ist, einen Schalldruckpegel von mindestens 160 dB bei 1 m Distanz zum Lautsprecher (5, 51, 52) in einem Frequenzbereich zwischen 1 Hz und 500 Hz zu liefern.
  14. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der der Lautsprecher oder einer der Lautsprecher einen Motor auf jeder Seite der Membran hat.
EP18759139.1A 2017-08-31 2018-08-31 Wasserschallgehäuse Active EP3677051B1 (de)

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FR1758038A FR3070567B1 (fr) 2017-08-31 2017-08-31 Enceinte acoustique aquatique
PCT/EP2018/073506 WO2019043178A1 (fr) 2017-08-31 2018-08-31 Enceinte acoustique aquatique

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CN113645539B (zh) * 2021-08-05 2022-07-26 湖南大学 静水压力补偿装置及其工作参数计算方法
IT202300013836A1 (it) * 2023-07-04 2025-01-04 Biolcati Rinaldi Dario Dissuasore per crostacei
EP4568272A1 (de) * 2023-12-05 2025-06-11 FalCom A/S Ohrmuschel für audiokommunikation und kopfhörer

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FR2523795A1 (fr) * 1982-03-16 1983-09-23 Carre Jean Claude Transducteurs immergeables
FR2586333A1 (fr) * 1985-08-13 1987-02-20 Teboul Martin Dispositif immergeable de sonorisation en milieu liquide
FR2589663B1 (fr) 1985-11-04 1989-07-07 Espaces Nouveaux Ensemble de haut-parleur et chaine acoustique equipee dudit ensemble
US4868799A (en) * 1988-10-11 1989-09-19 Frank Massa Means for equalizing the internal pressure in an underwater transducer employing a vibratile piston to permit operation of the transducer at water depths in excess of a few hundred feet
JPH0429499A (ja) * 1990-05-23 1992-01-31 Fuosutekusu Kk 水中用電気音響変換器
US5369796A (en) * 1992-08-10 1994-11-29 Kung; Gregory E. Floating sound system
JP5512107B2 (ja) 2008-08-29 2014-06-04 大成建設株式会社 音波発信器
US8756856B1 (en) * 2011-06-03 2014-06-24 Michael Girvin Floating apparatus useful for shellfish hunting and the like
US9618637B2 (en) 2013-09-20 2017-04-11 Pgs Geophysical As Low frequency marine acoustic vibrator
AU2015324125B2 (en) * 2014-09-29 2018-02-08 Keith Kropf Underwater communication systems, underwater speakers, underwater microphone assemblies and methods

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FR3070567B1 (fr) 2020-05-15
US20210067869A1 (en) 2021-03-04
WO2019043178A1 (fr) 2019-03-07
FR3070567A1 (fr) 2019-03-01
EP3677051A1 (de) 2020-07-08

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