EP0964202A2 - Chaudière à bois - Google Patents

Chaudière à bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0964202A2
EP0964202A2 EP99111305A EP99111305A EP0964202A2 EP 0964202 A2 EP0964202 A2 EP 0964202A2 EP 99111305 A EP99111305 A EP 99111305A EP 99111305 A EP99111305 A EP 99111305A EP 0964202 A2 EP0964202 A2 EP 0964202A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
filling shaft
wood
primary air
filling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99111305A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0964202A3 (fr
Inventor
Anselm Eckel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0964202A2 publication Critical patent/EP0964202A2/fr
Publication of EP0964202A3 publication Critical patent/EP0964202A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler with improved combustion of preferably Logs for the environmentally friendly generation of useful heat.
  • a solid fuel boiler is included as an under-fire boiler a vortex combustion chamber made of highly refractory stones that can be kept at up to 1,600 degrees Celsius are described. Water-bearing secondary heating surfaces serve as heat exchangers reduce exhaust gas temperature and thereby improve efficiency.
  • the wood gasification boiler from Lopper Kesselbau GmbH is also one Log boilers known according to the burning principle. Due to the large wall thickness of the filling shaft walls and honeycomb-shaped ceramic masses in the alloy cast steel grate and in The boiler has a high heat storage capacity in the adjacent swirl combustion chamber the disadvantage of this boiler, like all other known boilers, is not full-surface heat-insulating lining of the filling shaft walls. The primary air flows diffuse and too far from the flame outlet into the filling shaft.
  • the wood gasification boiler from the company Brunzel owns firewood a swirl chamber burner according to EP 87116709, which consists of refractory ceramic.
  • a special air supply guides the combustion air as secondary air via a fan Air channels both in the filling shaft and in the cavity of the fire ceramic floor of the Vortex chamber burner. In the middle of this burn is a high-alloy turbo disc Cast inlaid.
  • the disadvantages of this wood gasification boiler are many.
  • the Primary air enters the filling shaft diffusely and over a large area and is discharged through the Flame extraction deducted at the bottom of the filling shaft. Most of the wood stock will included relatively quickly in the combustion process. A full lining of the Filling shaft is missing.
  • the modern wood gasification boiler from Froling with the high temperature swirl combustion chamber according to AT 400180 is like all known boilers in the two-block construction with a completely separate combustion chamber and heat exchanger.
  • This wood gasification boiler also has an induced draft fan that is adjustable in speed.
  • a Smoldering gas extraction reduces smoke emissions when adding logs.
  • the primary air is nearby of the flame and ash extraction flows into the filling shaft, but not as close as necessary and above all not small-area and directed.
  • a lining of the filling shaft is only intended for partial areas.
  • the heat storage capacity of the boiler is through Ceramic masses in the filling chamber floor and in the swirl chamber are too high.
  • the secondary air is only partially reliable in the ceramic masses via air channels Combustion process fed.
  • the combustion zone moves within the wood filling and / or irregularly between the side of the wood and the filling wall or lining quickly up.
  • the resulting convection inside the hopper cools the combustion zone under construction and especially when firing leads to the fact that the temperature required for complete combustion only in the first hour of operation is reached late.
  • the combustion process gets more heat right from the start withdrawn, the more wood in the filling shaft relatively quickly included in the combustion process becomes.
  • the heat of vaporization of the volatile components contained in the wood and the Thermal inertia of the wood filling must be overcome so that the burner in the wood gasification boiler doesn't smoke. The pollutant emissions would be enormous in this phase.
  • the primary air supply When burning wood in boilers, the primary air supply has a special one Effect on the combustion process.
  • Two ways of primary air supply are known. Either the primary air flows relatively far away according to the modern wood gasification principle from the flame outlet from above or laterally through openings in the filling shaft withdrawn vertically downwards as combustion gas or the primary air supply follows the principle of the lower combustion boiler from below through the grate of the boiler, the Flame extraction is arranged laterally in the filler shaft of the boiler.
  • the known wood gasification boilers have a disadvantageous primary and secondary air supply in the combustion process.
  • the primary air becomes more or less diffuse and largely from openings in the area of the filling shaft wall, from at most semi-closed Profiles or passed from below through the grate into the combustion chamber.
  • the direct one Primary air is fed into the lower filling shaft area close to the flame outlet is not possible that way.
  • the combustion is not on the lower, as small as possible Filling shaft area limited, but more or less that, following the convection entire filling shaft.
  • the secondary air is partly through air channels made of heavy ceramic material fed. This crack-sensitive material is subjected to constant temperature changes.
  • Another disadvantage can be in regulating the boiler according to the flame temperature Boiler temperature or by means of a lambda probe, the contamination is not taken into account of the boiler, which is associated with an undesired loss of efficiency. It is particularly disadvantageous that the firing mode of the usual wood gasification boilers heating up with paper and smaller chips requires that you achieve one appropriate bed of embers to put the actual logs on. Of the This significantly reduces ease of use. Cheering on is time consuming and unsafe and in this phase is associated with significant emissions of pollutants count. The filling door usually has to be replaced after a corresponding embers bed has been created be opened to add large logs.
  • the object of the invention is a wood gasification boiler with improved Burning quality of the wood and therefore higher efficiency.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in that in the wood gasification boiler closed hollow bodies designed channels for the primary air in the lower filling shaft area are arranged and these channels in the combustion chamber facing, preferably convexly curved or polygonal shaped side wall small-area entry openings for the primary air, which is close to the flame and Ash removal and the outer skin of the two molded side walls of the primary air duct form the limiting shape of the pre-combustion zone of the lower filling shaft, that the channel for the secondary air is formed as a separate, closed hollow body and is preferably arranged directly below the flame and ash extraction that at large widths of the filling shaft of the wood gasification boiler at least two flame and Ash deductions on the two long sides of the hopper over most of the length of the hopper has that the wood gasification boiler one of preferably one component existing fire-resistant and thin-walled lining, which at least all vertical Filling shaft walls completely insulated from the inside of the filling shaft and between the filling shaft walls and the thin-walled lining an intermediate space by means
  • the supply of the primary air through small-area inlet openings serves for uniform Distribution of the air, produces a homogeneous combustion and thus has an effect unwanted convection within the filling shaft.
  • the combustion is concentrated directly on the lower area of the hopper. Regardless of the Flow conditions in the combustion chamber are through all inlet openings of the primary air flows through their small area evenly since the main pressure drop takes place here.
  • thin-walled materials are for the entire wood gasification boiler used.
  • the filling shaft in particular is covered by a light lining according to the invention over the entire surface compared to the water-filled filling shaft walls isolated.
  • the heating return is by means of a pipe inserted in the boiler wall of the water-cooled wood gasification boiler directly to the ones to be cooled Surfaces of the boiler.
  • the wood gasification boiler according to FIGS. 1 and 2 is made of stainless steel small sheet thicknesses and with a 60 - 100 mm thick insulation layer under the Cladding against heat loss delimited to the outside. It has a double wall Construction and is water-cooled in the open system.
  • the wood gasification boiler has the rectangular filling shaft 1, which the loading door 2 is loaded.
  • the flame and Ash extractor 3 with a rectangular cross section through which the flame from the Combustion zone of the filling shaft 1 with the secondary air admixed vertically is led into the vortex chamber 4 below.
  • the combustion gases then flow through the Afterburning chamber 5 via the heat exchanger and exhaust pipe not shown in FIG Chimney.
  • the burning of the logs is carried out by a continuously variable electronic control according to the exhaust gas temperature so influenced that which is controlled by an exhaust motor based on the exhaust gas temperature Primary air flap 6 the cross section of the primary air supply before the refractory Primary air duct 7 continuously between fully closed and fully changed.
  • the optimal combustion of the logs depends on the observance of a certain one Relationship between regulated primary air and constant secondary air.
  • the primary air is via the refractory primary air duct 7, which is in the lower region of the Filling shaft 1 simultaneously takes over the function of the refractory lining 8, in the Combustion zone of the filling shaft 1 passed.
  • the refractory primary duct 7 is directly connected to the primary air flap 6 acting as a metering device.
  • the secondary air flows through the refractory secondary air duct 10 directly above or preferably below the flame and ash extraction 2 and mixes there the flame gases coming from the combustion zone of the filling shaft 1 in order to Gas mixture to flow into the swirl chamber 4.
  • the filling shaft 1 is made of thin stainless steel sheet with the refractory lining 8 provided according to the invention such that at least all vertical, water-bearing Filling shaft walls are completely covered.
  • the space 12 Through the U-shaped spacers 11 arises between the walls of the filling shaft 1 and the refractory lining 8 the space 12, either through the air layer or through insulation the filling shaft 1 over the entire surface against the colder, water-cooled walls of the Filling shaft 1 isolated.
  • the refractory lining 8 reaches in the course of the burn a log filling full surface such temperatures that still occurring tar deposits Burn free again and the danger of bridging within the log filling is banned by bad slipping.
  • the refractory primary air duct 7 has the inlet openings 9 for the Primary air in the filling shaft 1 and the secondary air shaft 10, the inlet openings 13 for the secondary air in the flame and ash extraction 3.
  • the shape of the two Primary air ducts 7 can be selected to be round, convex or polygonal.
  • the Inlet openings for the primary air 9 and and the inlet openings for the secondary air 13 are in sufficiently inclined areas of the respective refractory air ducts 7 and 10 inserted that they are positioned free of ash.
  • Air ducts 7 and 10 form the limiting shape of the lower combustion chamber area in their design. Under the swirl chamber 4 is located in this area.
  • the fireproof lining 8 Due to the light and heat-insulating design, the fireproof lining 8 has a extremely low heat storage capacity. This is the basic requirement for a fast Reaching the optimal working temperature.
  • the thermal insulation is a permanent tar deposits in the filling shaft 1 prevented and also the formation of Charcoal supports.
  • the use of the fireproof lining 8 made of profiled Stainless steel sheet results in a longer durability and a weight saving compared conventionally lined or not lined boilers. Tensions through Constant temperature changes and mechanical loads are well compensated. By the fireproof lining 8 protected wall of the filling shaft 1 reaches a longer one Lifespan.
  • the preservation of the charcoal in the filling shaft 1 of the wood gasification boiler is According to the invention after airtight shutdown of the primary air supply by means of the primary air flap 6 realizable.
  • the steel pipe 15 which is directly under the afterburning chamber 5th is arranged, the heating return to the hot zone of the wood gasification boiler.
  • the wood gasification boiler according to the invention achieves great uniformity in the Operation, with at least 90% of the operating time in the range of the optimal combustion technology Efficiency is. Only the remaining operating time is spent on heating up, Switch off, hollow burner and malfunctions.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP99111305A 1998-06-13 1999-06-10 Chaudière à bois Withdrawn EP0964202A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19826492 1998-06-13
DE19826492A DE19826492A1 (de) 1998-06-13 1998-06-13 Holzvergaser-Heizkessel

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0964202A2 true EP0964202A2 (fr) 1999-12-15
EP0964202A3 EP0964202A3 (fr) 2000-03-15

Family

ID=7870858

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99111305A Withdrawn EP0964202A3 (fr) 1998-06-13 1999-06-10 Chaudière à bois

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0964202A3 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ209899A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE19826492A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL333731A1 (fr)
SK (1) SK77299A3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT527552A1 (de) 2023-08-28 2025-03-15 Eta Heiztechnik Gmbh Heizkessel
AT527553A1 (de) 2023-08-28 2025-03-15 Eta Heiztechnik Gmbh Heizkessel

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0268208A2 (fr) 1986-11-18 1988-05-25 Haiko Paul Künzel Brûleur pour chaudière à combustible solide
AT400180B (de) 1990-01-10 1995-10-25 Froeling Heizkessel Und Behael Festbrennstoffbeheizter unterbrand-kessel

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB501940A (en) * 1936-11-05 1939-03-08 Edouard Jean Baptiste Coenen Improvements in furnaces for solid fuel
CH201232A (fr) * 1938-04-20 1938-11-30 Rochat Charles L Appareil de chauffage.
EP0011657B1 (fr) * 1978-12-01 1981-07-29 Carl Miele Four à combustion pour ordures ménagères ou analogues
NL8301598A (nl) * 1983-05-06 1984-12-03 Eduard Thomas Jacobus Van Der Warmtegenerator.
DE3406763C2 (de) * 1984-02-24 1993-11-18 Ackermann Karl Heizkessel für den Betrieb mit Festbrennstoffen
EP0214010A1 (fr) * 1985-08-09 1987-03-11 CHAUBOIS TECHNOLOGIE Inc. Brûleur gazéifieur pour appareil de chauffage et appareil de chauffage comportant un tel brûleur
DE8714783U1 (de) * 1987-11-06 1988-01-07 Ackermann, Karl, 8332 Massing Heizungskessel mit zwangsweiser Zufuhr der Verbrennungsluft
SE8804032D0 (sv) * 1988-11-08 1988-11-08 Anordning vid foerbraenning av fasta braenslen benaemnd biobraenslepanna
DE4034671C2 (de) * 1990-10-31 1994-06-01 Heribert Posch Brennvorrichtung für Holz und Kohle

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0268208A2 (fr) 1986-11-18 1988-05-25 Haiko Paul Künzel Brûleur pour chaudière à combustible solide
AT400180B (de) 1990-01-10 1995-10-25 Froeling Heizkessel Und Behael Festbrennstoffbeheizter unterbrand-kessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SK77299A3 (en) 2000-05-16
DE19826492A1 (de) 1999-12-16
EP0964202A3 (fr) 2000-03-15
PL333731A1 (en) 1999-12-20
CZ209899A3 (cs) 1999-12-15

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