EP1046448A2 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Bindestoff aus Metallpulvern - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Bindestoff aus Metallpulvern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1046448A2 EP1046448A2 EP00104195A EP00104195A EP1046448A2 EP 1046448 A2 EP1046448 A2 EP 1046448A2 EP 00104195 A EP00104195 A EP 00104195A EP 00104195 A EP00104195 A EP 00104195A EP 1046448 A2 EP1046448 A2 EP 1046448A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- binding material
- furnace
- sintering
- dewaxing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OWWYREKLGMILGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N δline Chemical compound COC1C2C3C4(C5C6OC(C)=O)C(OC)CCC5(C)CN(CC)C4C46OCOC42CC(OC)C1C3 OWWYREKLGMILGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012417 linear regression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003909 pattern recognition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
- F27B17/0016—Chamber type furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
- F27D2007/063—Special atmospheres, e.g. high pressure atmospheres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
- F27D2007/066—Vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value
- F27D2019/0018—Monitoring the temperature of the atmosphere of the kiln
- F27D2019/0021—Monitoring the temperature of the exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0034—Regulation through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for removing binding material made of metal powders according to the preambles of claims 1 and 8.
- Hard metals for particularly stressed parts of tools for example Drills or saw blades are usually made by sintering.
- This binding material is usually a wax, e.g. B. paraffin.
- the binding material is then removed from the metal powder by evaporation removed and the metal powder sintered.
- the sintered material i.e. H. this in a certain shape brought metal powder together with binder slowly to the evaporation temperature brought of the wax.
- the wax escapes from the Sintered material.
- the temperature is then increased and the metal powder ends sintered.
- dewaxing process takes up to five hours because it is faster Outgrowing would cause problems.
- a disadvantage of the known dewaxing processes is that you don't know exactly when the wax is complete has escaped from the metal powder.
- a disadvantage of the dewaxing processes or devices mentioned above is that they cannot be used to determine when the dewaxing ends is. In practice, therefore, a long dewaxing time is selected to be safe to be that the dewaxing is really complete.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of an apparatus and a method with which the end of the dewaxing process can be reliably determined can.
- the advantage achieved with the invention is that the sintering process is shortened, which results in an increase in efficiency of the sintering plant.
- the invention thus relates to an apparatus and a method for eliminating Binding material made of metal powders and the like.
- the fact is used made that from a sintering furnace during a dewaxing process escaping and sucked off through a pipe has a temperature profile, which gives an indication of the state of dewaxing.
- a temperature profile which gives an indication of the state of dewaxing.
- the maximum degree of dewaxing d. H. when the gas emerging from a sintered mass If the wax reaches a maximum, the temperature in the suction tube is also the highest. Is this maximum can be determined by extrapolation to the end of the dewaxing process conclude. Once the end of this process has been determined, the process must dewaxing should not be carried out longer than necessary. So you can earlier start with the actual sintering process as usual.
- a vacuum furnace 1 is shown in FIG can be heated.
- a body 6 to be sintered is provided in a transducer 3, which is on a table 4 with a Is 5, a body 6 to be sintered is provided.
- This body 6 is made made of metal powder and a binding agent, which ensures that the body 6 keeps its shape. Before the sintering process, the body has a quasi-solid consistency, d. H. it keeps its shape.
- a metal powder mixture can also be used - Made of chrome or cobalt or cermets or ceramics become. Paraffin is preferably used as the binder. But it can any other suitable binder can also be used.
- the body 6 is now to be sintered, i. H. the metal powder is said to be compacted by heating or agglomerated.
- the temperature must be so high during sintering that the individual grains of the starting material interact with one another through an interface reaction be welded.
- This sintering temperature is approximately 1000 ° C to 1600 ° C. In front However, the wax is expelled from the body 6 during the alleged sintering process. The temperature required for this is much lower.
- B 150 ° C to 500 ° C.
- the binder in the body 6 gradually evaporates, so there is a so-called dewaxing process in vacuum oven 1 instead of.
- a suction pump 7 is provided, which in the vacuum furnace has a suction pipe 8 1 located gases and a wax separator, not shown feeds.
- a heat sensor 9 is arranged in the suction pipe 8, for example a thermocouple, which detects the temperature prevailing in the pipe and sends it to a computer or controller 10 reports.
- thermocouples 20 to 22 show a cross section through a vacuum furnace 1 with three heaters.
- the Heaters themselves are not shown here, but only three thermocouples 20 to 22, which are assigned to the heaters, not shown.
- the of The temperatures measured by the thermocouples 20 to 22 are sent to the computer 10 fed and evaluated there.
- the temperature ⁇ OVEN generated by the heater 2 in the vacuum furnace 1 increases linearly during the dewaxing .
- the temperature curve is shown in dashed lines on ⁇ OVEN .
- the absolute values of ⁇ OVEN depend on various parameter sizes, for example the size of the furnace, the batch size, the pressure fluctuations, the fluctuations in the gas pressure flow and the gas used. However, these parameter sizes are all taken into account in the computer 10, so that the desired temperature is always reached via the heater 2.
- the temperature curve at the point where the temperature sensor 9 is located would correspond approximately to the linear temperature curve ⁇ ' LINE .
- This temperature ⁇ ' LINE is lower than the temperature ⁇ OVEN because the gases in the vacuum furnace 1 cool down somewhat until they come to the temperature sensor 9.
- the dewaxing process changes the temperature profile at the location of the temperature sensor 9 in accordance with the curve ⁇ LINE , as shown in FIG. 3, ie the curve ⁇ LINE has a pronounced one Hump ".
- This hump is more pronounced the faster the temperature is run through.
- a pronounced hump is desirable for measurement reasons because it is easy to measure, but it is undesirable to run through the temperature too quickly for sintering reasons, so that an optimum in the range 0.1 ... 2 degrees / min can be found.
- the control computer 10 used to determine the point E takes into account the different influencing or disturbance variables, such as furnace size, temperature rise in the Furnace, batch size and thus evaporation volume.
- the entire sintering process takes about 10 ... 36 hours, of which the dewaxing phase takes about 1.5 ... 5 hours.
- the abbreviations HK1 and HK2 refer to two different heaters in the vacuum oven 1.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Es wird ein geformtes Metallpulver mit organischem Bindemittel mit Substanzen von niedrigem Schmelzpunkt in Aluminiumpulver eingebettet;
- das eingebettete Material wird auf eine Temperatur von 200 °C gebracht, und zwar in chemisch inerter Atmosphäre innerhalb eines Entwachsungsofens, wobei die Substanzen mit niedrigem Schmelzpunkt entfernt werden, ohne dass sich die Form des eingebetteten Metallpulvers verändert;
- das eingebettete Material wird in einen geschlossenen Sinterkessel eingegeben, um die Umgebungstemperatur des eingebetteten Materials auf einem bestimmten Wert zu halten, wobei sich der Kessel in einem Vakuumofen befindet;
- der Vakuumofen wird evakuiert und
- das organische Bindemittel wird beseitigt, indem auf 550 bis 650 °C bei einer Aufheizungsrate von 300 bis 600 °C/Stunde aufgeheizt wird, während inertes Gas in den Vakuumofen einströmt (US-A-4 917 859).
- Fig. 1
- einen Vakuumofen mit einem zu entwachsenden Gegenstand;
- Fig. 2
- einen Querschnitt durch einen Vakuumofen;
- Fig. 3
- einen prinzipiellen Temperaturverlauf in einem Absaugrohr während des Entwachsungsvorgangs;
- Fig. 4
- einen tatsächlichen Temperaturverlauf in einem Absaugrohr während des Entwachsungsvorgangs.
Claims (11)
- Vorrichtung zum Beseitigen von Bindestoff aus Metallpulvern, mit1.1 einem Ofen (1), der aufweist1.1.1 eine Heizung (2),1.1.2 einen Sinterplatz (4) für das Metallpulver mit dem Bindestoff,1.1.3 ein Absaugrohr (8), das an seinem einen Ende mit dem Inneren des Ofens (1) und mit seinem anderen Ende mit einer Absaugvorrichtung (7) in Verbindung steht;1.2 einem Temperaturfühler (9, 20 bis 22), der im Absaugrohr (8) an einer vorgegebenen Stelle zwischen Ofen (1) und Absaugvorrichtung (7) angeordnet ist und die an dieser Stelle herrschende Temperatur erfasst;1.3 einer Temperaturregeleinrichtung (10) für die Heizung (2), die mit dem Temperaturfühler (9, 20 bis 22) in Verbindung steht.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Absaugvorrichtung eine Pumpe (7) ist, die das in dem Ofen (1) vorhandene Gas über das Absaugrohr (8) absaugt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in dem Ofen (1) ein Trägergas vorgesehen ist, das sich mit dem Dampf des Bindestoffs vermischt und zusammen mit diesem abgesaugt wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pumpe (7) mit einem Wachsabscheider in Verbindung steht, in welchen der Wachsdampf als Wachs abgeschieden wird.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ofen (1) mehrere Heizungen aufweist, wobei jeder dieser Heizungen ein Temperaturfühler (20 bis 22) zugeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bindemittel Paraffin ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bindemittel Polyethylenglycol ist.
- Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Bindestoff aus Metallpulvern, gekennzeichnet durch folgende Schritte:a) die Sintermasse wird in eine Sinterform (3) gegeben;b) die Sinterform (3) mit der Sintermasse wird in einen Sinterofen (1) gegeben;c) das Innere des Sinterofens wird auf eine Temperatur gebracht, die der Verdampfüngstemperatur des Bindestoffs entspricht;d) der aus der Sintermasse in gasförmiger Form austretende Bindestoff wird über ein Absaugrohr (8) abgesaugt;e) die Temperatur des abgesaugten gasförmigen Bindestoffs wird an einer vorgegebenen Stelle des Absaugrohrs (8) erfasst;f) die erfasste Temperatur wird einer Auswerteeinrichtung (10) zugeführt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der aus der Sintermasse in gasförmiger Form ausgetriebene Bindestoff mit einem Trägergas vermischt und zusammen mit diesem abgesaugt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf (δLEITUNG) an der vorgegebenen Stelle des Absaugrohrs (8) erfasst wird und aufgrund des Kurvenverlaufs der Temperatur festgestellt wird, wann der Bindestoff vollständig aus der Sintermasse ausgetrieben ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Beendigung des Austriebs des Bindestoffs aus der Sintermasse die Temperatur im Ofen (1) erhöht und ein Temperatursintern durchgeführt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19918282A DE19918282C1 (de) | 1999-04-22 | 1999-04-22 | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Bindestoff aus Metallpulvern |
| DE19918282 | 1999-04-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1046448A2 true EP1046448A2 (de) | 2000-10-25 |
| EP1046448A3 EP1046448A3 (de) | 2004-01-21 |
Family
ID=7905494
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00104195A Withdrawn EP1046448A3 (de) | 1999-04-22 | 2000-03-01 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Bindestoff aus Metallpulvern |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1046448A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19918282C1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102211010A (zh) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-10-12 | 山东大学 | 自动控温石蜡熔化及保温装置 |
| CN112815374A (zh) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-18 | 王青梅 | 一种供热供暖的监控设备 |
| US11364679B2 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2022-06-21 | General Electric Company | System and method of additively manufacturing an object |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10151358A1 (de) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-04-30 | Gero Hochtemperaturoefen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Steuerung des Entbinderungsprozesses bei MIM- oder CIM-Teilen |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3654374A (en) * | 1969-07-25 | 1972-04-04 | Adamas Carbide Corp | Apparatus for and method of de-waxing, presintering and sintering powdered metal compacts |
| US4305756A (en) * | 1980-01-14 | 1981-12-15 | Witec Cayman Patents, Ltd. | Method and means for removing binder from a green body |
| US4404166A (en) * | 1981-01-22 | 1983-09-13 | Witec Cayman Patents, Limited | Method for removing binder from a green body |
| DE3127066A1 (de) * | 1981-07-09 | 1983-01-27 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur austreibung organischer bindemittel aus formkoerpern |
| SE453183B (sv) * | 1982-05-04 | 1988-01-18 | Svenska Silikatforskning | Forfarande for reducering av tiden vid avlegsnande av temporera bindemedel fran en formad kropp |
| GB2198433B (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1990-11-07 | Romain Louis Billiet | Improvements in or relating to the removal of organic binding agents from articles moulded from sinterable materials |
| US4917859A (en) * | 1989-09-06 | 1990-04-17 | Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Dewaxing process for metal powder compacts made by injection molding |
| DE19939765C1 (de) * | 1999-08-21 | 2001-03-01 | Ald Vacuum Techn Ag | Einrichtung zum Entwachsen von Sintermaterial |
-
1999
- 1999-04-22 DE DE19918282A patent/DE19918282C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-03-01 EP EP00104195A patent/EP1046448A3/de not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102211010A (zh) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-10-12 | 山东大学 | 自动控温石蜡熔化及保温装置 |
| US11364679B2 (en) | 2019-11-01 | 2022-06-21 | General Electric Company | System and method of additively manufacturing an object |
| CN112815374A (zh) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-05-18 | 王青梅 | 一种供热供暖的监控设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1046448A3 (de) | 2004-01-21 |
| DE19918282C1 (de) | 2001-01-25 |
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