EP1159097B1 - Procede de formage de pieces metalliques par deformation a froid - Google Patents

Procede de formage de pieces metalliques par deformation a froid Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1159097B1
EP1159097B1 EP00910954A EP00910954A EP1159097B1 EP 1159097 B1 EP1159097 B1 EP 1159097B1 EP 00910954 A EP00910954 A EP 00910954A EP 00910954 A EP00910954 A EP 00910954A EP 1159097 B1 EP1159097 B1 EP 1159097B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zinc
layer
process according
cold
lubricant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00910954A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1159097A1 (fr
Inventor
David Cavaliere
Denis Begue
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOF Metal Coatings Europe SA
Original Assignee
Dacral SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dacral SA filed Critical Dacral SA
Publication of EP1159097A1 publication Critical patent/EP1159097A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1159097B1 publication Critical patent/EP1159097B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
    • C23C28/3225—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of rods or wire
    • B21C37/042—Manufacture of coated wire or rods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the forming of metal parts by cold deformation.
  • metal extrusion or forging at cold which corresponds to a forming process consisting in making flow the metallic mass under a compressive force between a punch and a die.
  • This type of deformation requires vertical or horizontal presses including a or several workstations with or without transfers.
  • cold stamping Another cold deformation technique, close to extrusion, is known as cold stamping.
  • one or more stages of deformation are carried out in a single machine, usually horizontal machines comprising one or more stations. These workstations are usually fed by a metallic wire which is subjected to plastic deformation under forces generally more weak than in the case of the actual extrusion.
  • the wire drawing which constitutes in fact a step intermediate or preliminary preforming, from a spool of wire to obtain sections of smaller diameter, generally intended to supply a cold punching station.
  • This type of deformation is mainly used upstream of the manufacture of screws and bolts.
  • This cold forming technology is applicable to a very large number of steels and alloys generally not ferrous.
  • the operations are generally carried out at temperature ambient from plots, blanks or blanks that have undergone a specific preparation operation.
  • Extrudable steels liable to be subjected to such cold deformations belong to different categories, in particular general-purpose non-alloy steels, but preferably special non-alloy steels for heat treatments, generally fine carbon steels, special alloy steels. for heat treatments, stainless steels or microalloyed steels. These the latter are suitable for cold forming without annealing and acquire by work hardening of the levels of high mechanical resistance all retaining an acceptable residual ductility.
  • the quality of surface treatments conditions the good result obtained at following deformation operations.
  • the main purpose of these surface treatments before forming is of course to decrease the as much friction as possible in the tools.
  • pretreatment first involves a alkaline degreasing, pickling with sulfuric acid in presence of an inhibitor which aims to limit the attack of the metal itself, then phosphating, and finally the lubrication proper.
  • the purpose of the phosphating operation is to form a first adhesion layer, generally porous, of phosphate zinc which is intended to receive the lubricant.
  • the deposit of this lubricant generally consisting of zinc stearate resulting from the reaction of reactive soaps with the zinc phosphate, is difficult to control in practice. It is indeed necessary to adapt the thickness of the layer of zinc stearate, depending on mechanical stress to which the parts to be deformed will be subjected. This adaptation is all the more difficult to master as it involves the control of a chemical reaction that develops into depth in the thickness of the applied layers and the kinetics spans several hours.
  • the lubrication operation involves generally an immersion of the previously phosphated material in hot baths of reactive soaps.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to reduce, or even completely remove the disadvantages previously cited.
  • the invention relates more particularly to a method of forming of metal parts by cold deformation, in a first mechanical deposition operation of a layer based on metallic zinc on the free surface of the part to be produced, this layer which may possibly contain and / or be coated with a layer of lubricant, to then form the said part by plastic deformation of the metal.
  • Such a cold forming process has made it possible to facilitate greatly the phenomena of plastic deformation by reducing the friction forces brought into play, and may even go until the number of intermediate stages is reduced during the forming process.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to get rid of all the disadvantages of using pretreatment by phosphating the blanks or pieces of metal. Finally, it turned out that certain parts produced by such a process of forming involving a mechanical pre-deposition of a layer based on metallic zinc, used to obtain parts whose duration life in fatigue was improved.
  • a single layer of metallic zinc on the metal patch on the free surface of the latter may be sufficient to deposit a single layer of metallic zinc on the metal patch on the free surface of the latter.
  • a layer consisting of zinc or more generally of an alloy of zinc and iron, or even a mixture of particles of zinc and iron, can be applied in the context of the present invention in an amount included between 50 and 250 mg / dm 2 of filler metal. For certain particular applications, we can even be satisfied with lower deposited quantities.
  • Such a layer may be sufficient to fill itself the lubrication function for forming operations cold during which the plastic deformation of the metal is obtained under relatively low forces.
  • the mechanical deposition of the layer based on metallic zinc is advantageously obtained by a shot peening operation using steel balls having at least one layer exterior comprising either pure zinc or an alloy based on zinc.
  • Such a mechanical deposition of a zinc-based layer metallic can also be ensured by an operation of shot blasting using a mixture of steel balls and balls constituted by a steel core and-presenting on the surface at minus an outer layer based on a zinc alloy or a outer layer of pure zinc.
  • this mechanical deposition of the zinc-based layer metallic can also be obtained by shot blasting using beads made essentially from an iron alloy, shot peening being carried out in the presence of zinc powder or of zinc semolina which is therefore applied under the effect shot blasting mechanics.
  • ball or microbead used in the context of the present invention to describe the blasting operations must be understood in a broad sense, that is to say to include all types of particles or microparticles to be projected at the parts surface.
  • the shot blasting machine used to achieve this first layer on plots or metal blanks to deform can for example be carried out in accordance with schematic diagram illustrated in Figure 1 attached.
  • the machine has mainly a blasting chamber 10 which can for example have two projection turbines 12 between which scroll through the parts to be treated.
  • the projection turbines 12 go so project the microbeads of iron alloy or alloy to zinc base on the surfaces of the parts to be treated, in the presence if necessary, a zinc powder or semolina.
  • the part bottom of this blasting chamber 10 is equipped with a device 14 for recycling shot blasting balls. These marbles are then brought to a particle size separator 16 of so as to separate balls of diameter which have become too small. In this way, metallic dust is eliminated in particular 18 generated during the blasting operation.
  • the tank 26 microbeads which is intended to power the turbines of projection 12 of the shot blasting device 10, will be or not refilled with new balls at 28, i.e. loaded or recharged with zinc.
  • the reservoir 26 is further advantageously equipped with a level 30 control system.
  • a layer based on zinc and / or an alloy of zinc and iron or a mixture of zinc and iron at a rate of 50 to 250 mg / dm 2 is thus deposited on the surface of the metal pieces or blanks.
  • the nature of this layer is not compact, since it actually results from the aggregation of a multitude of zinc and / or iron particles, which therefore gives it a sort of microporous or aerated structure. For certain cold forming operations, this single layer may be sufficient to play an effective lubrication role before the actual forming.
  • a layer of lubricant is preferably applied in a liquid form, which allows it to soak up well in the base layer.
  • the amount of lubricant applied will therefore also vary depending on the nature and exact shape of the parts to be produced. In practice, it has been found that such an amount of lubricant can be effectively applied in an amount up to 300 mg / dm 2 .
  • the application of the lubricant layer is carried out preferably in liquid form, both by spraying and by soaking.
  • the lubricant can in particular be applied in the form of an aqueous suspension based on particles of graphite. It is however perfectly possible to consider the replacement of graphite by other lubricants such as molybdenum disulfide, teflon, or even aqueous solutions copolymers such as styrene copolymers and of maleic anhydride in ethoxylated alcohol medium.
  • aqueous polypropylene composition possibly added graphite powder, boron nitride, polytetrafluoroethylene, talcum powder, zinc stearate, and / or molybdenum disulfide.
  • the metal blank After application of the metallic zinc-based layer possibly followed by the application of the layer of lubricant, the metal blank is then subjected to the forming operation which will mainly be a cold forging, cold stamping or wire drawing.
  • cylindrical blanks used for the realization of these parts can be directly subjected to the first mechanical deposition operation of the layer based on metallic zinc by an operation of shot blasting, without the need to use operations for preparing said metallic blank, such as in the prior art.
  • the method according to the invention can possibly combine the two operations of mechanical deposition of a zinc-based layer and application lubricant in a single step.
  • mechanical deposition of zinc can be envisaged by shot peening based on an iron alloy presence of zinc powder or semolina, mixed directly with a lubricant in solid form also in powder form, for example PTFE or molybdenum disulfide.
  • Variations in the process according to the invention were made from modifications in the weight of the mechanical zinc deposition layer. These variations were made between 0 mg / dm 2 and 200 mg / dm 2 .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
EP00910954A 1999-03-15 2000-03-15 Procede de formage de pieces metalliques par deformation a froid Expired - Lifetime EP1159097B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9903155A FR2790983B1 (fr) 1999-03-15 1999-03-15 Procede de formage de pieces metalliques par deformation a froid
FR9903155 1999-03-15
PCT/FR2000/000630 WO2000054907A1 (fr) 1999-03-15 2000-03-15 Procede de formage de pieces metalliques par deformation a froid

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1159097A1 EP1159097A1 (fr) 2001-12-05
EP1159097B1 true EP1159097B1 (fr) 2002-06-19

Family

ID=9543186

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00910954A Expired - Lifetime EP1159097B1 (fr) 1999-03-15 2000-03-15 Procede de formage de pieces metalliques par deformation a froid

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US6598441B1 (cs)
EP (1) EP1159097B1 (cs)
JP (1) JP2002538969A (cs)
KR (1) KR100602897B1 (cs)
AT (1) ATE219397T1 (cs)
AU (1) AU3298500A (cs)
BR (1) BR0009003A (cs)
CA (1) CA2368062C (cs)
CZ (1) CZ296833B6 (cs)
DE (1) DE60000228T2 (cs)
ES (1) ES2177512T3 (cs)
FR (1) FR2790983B1 (cs)
HU (1) HUP0200233A2 (cs)
MX (1) MXPA01009377A (cs)
PL (1) PL198112B1 (cs)
TR (1) TR200102686T2 (cs)
WO (1) WO2000054907A1 (cs)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1299838C (zh) * 2005-01-28 2007-02-14 武汉理工大学 冷锻用坯料复合润滑膜涂覆方法
US8113025B2 (en) * 2007-09-10 2012-02-14 Tapphorn Ralph M Technique and process for controlling material properties during impact consolidation of powders
US8065898B2 (en) 2008-07-29 2011-11-29 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Method and article for improved adhesion of fatigue-prone components
JP5680998B2 (ja) * 2011-03-07 2015-03-04 日本パーカライジング株式会社 塑性加工用潤滑被膜の形成方法
KR102453133B1 (ko) * 2022-04-27 2022-10-11 (주)티플랙스 봉강제조장치

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ20013309A3 (cs) 2002-05-15
FR2790983A1 (fr) 2000-09-22
WO2000054907A1 (fr) 2000-09-21
JP2002538969A (ja) 2002-11-19
FR2790983B1 (fr) 2001-06-22
TR200102686T2 (tr) 2002-03-21
KR100602897B1 (ko) 2006-07-20
DE60000228T2 (de) 2003-02-27
US6598441B1 (en) 2003-07-29
HUP0200233A2 (en) 2002-05-29
CA2368062C (fr) 2008-09-23
DE60000228D1 (de) 2002-07-25
EP1159097A1 (fr) 2001-12-05
ATE219397T1 (de) 2002-07-15
KR20020007326A (ko) 2002-01-26
PL354612A1 (en) 2004-02-09
CA2368062A1 (fr) 2000-09-21
AU3298500A (en) 2000-10-04
PL198112B1 (pl) 2008-05-30
CZ296833B6 (cs) 2006-06-14
MXPA01009377A (es) 2003-06-06
BR0009003A (pt) 2002-01-02
ES2177512T3 (es) 2002-12-16

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