EP1295136A1 - Detection de deteriorations dans l'isolation de composants electriques - Google Patents

Detection de deteriorations dans l'isolation de composants electriques

Info

Publication number
EP1295136A1
EP1295136A1 EP01933922A EP01933922A EP1295136A1 EP 1295136 A1 EP1295136 A1 EP 1295136A1 EP 01933922 A EP01933922 A EP 01933922A EP 01933922 A EP01933922 A EP 01933922A EP 1295136 A1 EP1295136 A1 EP 1295136A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
test
gas
line
voltage
harness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01933922A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Josef Hanson
Nikola Milkovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wee Electrotest Engineering GmbH
Original Assignee
Wee Electrotest Engineering GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2000124809 external-priority patent/DE10024809B4/de
Application filed by Wee Electrotest Engineering GmbH filed Critical Wee Electrotest Engineering GmbH
Publication of EP1295136A1 publication Critical patent/EP1295136A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/16—Construction of testing vessels; Electrodes therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
    • G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
    • G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
    • G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an associated device for the detection of damage in the insulation of electrical components, in particular lines and cable harnesses. Detection is carried out by applying a voltage between at least one connecting conductor of an electrical component or a conductor of a line and an outer counterelectrode or a further conductor of the component or the wiring harness and electrically, optically, acoustically and / or chemically detecting pre-discharges or discharges.
  • Electrical cables consist of a conductor and insulation and can optionally also be provided with a sheath, a shield and a jacket.
  • the conductor is the conductive part of an electrical line.
  • the protective sheath (covering) of a cable improves the mechanical resistance or the resistance to liquids.
  • a shield is a conductive covering of the cable to reduce electrostatic or electromagnetic interference.
  • a jacket is the outer shell of one or more shielded or unshielded cables.
  • cables can be combined into a prefabricated cable harness.
  • Cable harnesses are individually assembled cable bundles with plugs that are mainly made by hand from several cables. Depending on the application, they are provided with a covering to protect them against physical or chemical influences. High demands are placed on cable harnesses with regard to their reliability. This applies in particular to the aerospace industry.
  • the on-board electrical system of aircraft and spacecraft consists of power sources, consumers, safety devices and wiring harnesses. The latter serve to connect the consumers with the generators of electrical energy and for the wired transmission of electrical signals.
  • the number of circuits required for on-board electrical systems is high, which means that a high packing density is required in each individual bundle.
  • Modern insulation materials specially developed for the aerospace industry allow extremely thin insulation layer thicknesses, but these are very sensitive to mechanical influences.
  • the cables are manufactured to a high quality level. Inhomogeneities in the structure, cracks, crushing and abrasion of the insulation, which are often due to a lack of care during the pre-assembly and installation of the cable harnesses, must not be permitted.
  • test voltages used only have a short exposure time to avoid pre-discharges in non-critical areas, and a limited amplitude so that a rollover can only take place at a weak point (test according to DIN EN 2283; edition: 1996-03, aerospace; testing of the wiring of aircraft; identical to European standard EN 2283: 1996). Therefore, only certain faulty arrangements with a not too large distance between the faulty line, the test electrode, and the corresponding counter electrode can be detected in this way.
  • test voltage to be used is limited anyway.
  • the discharge processes considered here to determine a fault in the insulation are based on the effect of gas discharges, so that the necessary breakdown voltage U d depends on the product of the electrode distance a and pressure p of the prevailing gas atmosphere.
  • U d the necessary breakdown voltage
  • ö d ⁇ a applies in the relevant area. Since d , as mentioned above, is limited, failure occurs when the error is unfavorable, e.g. B. on the side facing away from a counter electrode, the concept of "checking out" defective insulation, so that so far no reliable measurement of such weak points is possible.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and a device with which, using minimal electrical energy, a non-destructive test is made possible in order to detect assembly and operational weaknesses in the insulation of individual components, separate lines or lines within a cable harness.
  • the invention is based on the principle of complete or partial substitution of the gaseous dielectric air in the area of the test object by a test gas with a breakdown voltage that is lower than that of air.
  • gas admixtures e.g. noble gases: helium, argon, ...) to the main gas (air) or its complete replacement, the volume ionization begins with a reduced field strength.
  • a larger number of charge carriers is created with the same voltage. This favors an increased current flow even at comparatively low test voltages, which results in a reduction in the breakdown voltage ö d .
  • This principle is used for the "low-energy" detection of an insulation fault. For this purpose, for example, the increased current flow during the onset of discharge or the early drop in the test voltage, for example in the region of its maximum, can be evaluated.
  • unfavorable fault configurations with a comparatively low voltage amplitude can also be detected, the energy required for the discharge processes at the fault location can be reduced, a risk of overvoltages on any voltage-sensitive components that may be present can be avoided, due to the reduced discharge energy at the fault location, the risk of damage to neighboring ones "Healthy" insulation is increasingly reduced to the performance of subjective visual tests according to DIN EN 3475-201, edition: 1993-02 (aerospace; electrical cables for aircraft test methods, part 201: visual test of the test objects) in favor of an objective one metrological detection of defective points in the insulation and thus the reliability can be increased significantly.
  • test vessel can be formed by the installation object in which the line or the wiring harness is laid. Is the built-in object not hermetically sealed as such, such. B. an aircraft fuselage, it must be hermetically sealed before testing by an outer casing.
  • critical atmospheres By lowering the breakdown voltage by means of a non-flammable test gas, "critical atmospheres" can also be simulated, such as those that occur in a closed fuel tank during normal operating conditions, if even cavities with a are created by reducing the fuel level in the tank explosive fuel-air mixture, which has a reduced breakdown voltage compared to air. This makes it possible to test sensors in fuel tanks sensitive to overvoltages, for example for level monitoring, for their dielectric strength with reduced breakdown strength of the surrounding atmosphere.To check for defects in the damaged area The following test steps and test conditions are necessary for insulation or on the jacket in a cable bundle:
  • test condition The corresponding conductor or shield must be contacted with one side of the test source. It represents the test electrode (test condition).
  • the counter electrode is either part of the test specimen or part of the test vessel (device) and must be connected to the test source with the opposite polarity to the conductor or shield (test condition). Substitution of the atmospheric air by the test gas (test condition).
  • test condition Switching on the test source and increasing the test voltage up to a predetermined limit value or until a weak point in the insulation is found through the onset of discharge processes (test condition).
  • the cable harness (DUT) is fixed in an installation object
  • a test can be carried out with a mobile device by moving it along the test object.
  • the cable harness (device under test) is independent of the installation object and can be positioned as required. It is therefore not location-specific and freely accessible:
  • a test can be carried out with a mobile device by passing the test object through it.
  • An examination can also be carried out with a stationary facility.
  • the wiring harness (device under test) depends on the installation object. It is therefore local and not freely accessible:
  • a test can be carried out in the hermetic seal of the installation object itself.
  • the wiring harness is encompassed in a locally restricted area by a "test probe". This area corresponds to the effective test zone of the test clamp. Since the test clamp covers only a small part of the test specimen, it must be guided along the test specimen under test conditions. The device under test can be contacted so that it is only a "test electrode” or part of the counter electrode. The following test procedures are possible:
  • test voltage is increased evenly with each step up to a predetermined maximum or an error detection, provided this occurs before the maximum is reached.
  • test clamp is moved along the test specimen axis at a low, even speed.
  • test clamp expediently has the following design features:
  • the test clamp can be designed as a counter electrode.
  • the counter electrode is expediently laminated (eg with conductive, flexible plastic fins), so that the cavity normally located between the counter electrode and the surface of the test object is electrically short-circuited. In this way, test specimens with different cross sections can be tested without the cavity being electrically stressed.
  • test clamp is sealed on the sides so that the test gas is held inside with a slight overpressure or can flow through the inside of the test clamp.
  • the cable harness is placed in a vacuum-tight test chamber.
  • the device under test can be contacted so that it is both part of the test electrode and part of the counter electrode.
  • the previously evacuated test chamber is filled with test gas until the fault is detected or until the intended internal pressure is reached.
  • test voltage is increased evenly up to the specified maximum or an error detection.
  • the test chamber expediently has the following design features:
  • the test chamber can be part of the counter electrode.
  • An efficient test is achieved by suctioning the test gas in the first test chamber into the second test chamber, which has been provided with a test specimen and then evacuated, and vice versa.
  • test vessel is formed entirely or partially by the installation object itself. In this way, both the dielectric strength of a wire harness itself, and in a further step also connected to it, sensitive to overvoltage components, for.
  • B. Check sensors for level monitoring in fuel tanks. A permanently installed cable harness is contacted so that it is both part of the test electrode and part of the counter electrode. Taking the test conditions into account, the following test procedure is possible:
  • test vessel installation object or surrounding envelope
  • the atmospheric air is displaced by the inflowing, light test gas.
  • the test voltage is switched on. The test voltage is increased evenly up to the maximum or an error detection.
  • the test facility has the following design features
  • the installation object e.g. an aircraft fuselage
  • a hermetic system In the case of a non-hermetic installation object, this is additionally encased in a hermetic envelope, e.g. a sealable film wrapping.
  • additional displacement bodies can be introduced into the installation object, so that the effective volume of the test vessel is reduced.
  • This can e.g. be a balloon inflatable with normal air, which adapts to the inner contour of the installation object. This minimizes the amount of test gas required.
  • test gas passed through the test facility at the facilities during the test with a slight overpressure can be collected in a suitable container. After appropriate preparation, it can be returned to the test group.
  • FIG. 1 shows a mobile test device according to the invention in the manner of a test tongs in cross section
  • FIG. 2 shows the testing device according to FIG. 1 in a sectional side view
  • FIG. 3 shows a known test device when testing a detectable insulation fault
  • 4 shows the test device according to FIG. 3 in the event of an undetectable insulation fault
  • Harnesses e.g. B. for the electrical supply of the level monitoring of individual fuel tanks
  • Figure 8 shows the testing of surge sensitive sensors in a fuel tank, e.g. B. for measuring the fuel supply.
  • Fig. 1 shows a test clamp 1, with which a mobile detection is made possible.
  • Two housing legs 2, 3 are resiliently connected to one another with a hinge 4.
  • the housing leg 2 is provided with a gas outlet 6, the housing leg 3 with a gas inlet 5.
  • a cable harness 7 is inserted into the test clamp 1, the conductors of which are connected to a pole of a test voltage source, here the negative pole.
  • the counter electrode is formed by conductive housing inner walls 8, 9 and by flexible and conductive lamellae 10 connected to the latter, for example made of conductive plastic, rubber or metal, which are placed on the outer jacket of the cable harness 7 and thus bridge the interior of the test probe 1.
  • the gas flow is indicated by arrows.
  • the test gas e.g. B. helium is distributed within the housing of the test clamp 1 by gas distributors 11, 12, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Gas distributors 11, 12 and lamellae 10 form the area of a test zone 13.
  • the end faces of the housing legs 2, 3 are provided with seals 14 to 17 which are placed on the cable harness 7 and thus create a relatively closed test space.
  • the test gas must be kept under a certain excess pressure, if only because gas losses cannot be completely avoided with this arrangement.
  • the tongs 1 After filling with the test gas, the tongs 1 are guided along the wiring harness 7 step by step or continuously. With step-by-step guidance, the test voltage must be raised again.
  • FIG. 3 shows a known arrangement.
  • the conductors 18 form an electrode.
  • a counter electrode 19 is arranged at a distance a x . If a fault location is not opposite the counter electrode 19 as in FIG. 3, but is at a greater distance a 2 , as shown in FIG. 4, the fault may not be detected.
  • the use of a test gas with a reduced breakdown voltage in relation to air now ensures that such faults are also detected because of the more likely pre-discharge or discharge.
  • test chamber 5 shows the principle of a stationary arrangement for carrying out the method.
  • the test specimens are placed in a test chamber Chl or Ch2.
  • the test chambers Chl, Ch2 can be evacuated with a vacuum pump 20 and then filled with a test gas from a storage container 21.
  • a bushing 22 can be used to feed a test voltage into the test chambers Chl, Ch2.
  • a pressure gauge 23 controls the pressure in the test chambers Chl, Ch2.
  • the inner walls of the test chambers Chl, Ch2 can be at least partially provided with conductive, flexible fibers or lamellae which form an electrode and at least partially cover the line or the wiring harness 7 (not shown here), so that a wiring harness for the detection of e.g. B. can simply be placed in an “electrode bed w of a test chamber Chl, Ch2 without any electrodes having to be applied.
  • the test chambers Chl, Ch2 are put into operation alternately, with one test chamber Chl, Ch2 being filled with the test gas from the other test chamber Ch2, Chl after the evacuation, thereby minimizing the gas losses.
  • test chambers Chl, Ch2 can be seen through an acrylic glass pane.
  • Aircraft fuselages are already hermetically lockable per se, so that in this case, as shown in the basic illustration according to FIG. 6, no additional shell is required. They are also provided with inlets and outlets for ventilation.
  • FIG. 6 shows an air inlet 24 in an aircraft fuselage 25 which is used as a test gas inlet.
  • the air can escape through an air outlet 26 in the cabin floor when the fuselage 25 is filled with the test gas.
  • displacement bodies 27 in the form of inflatable balloons were previously brought into the interior of the aircraft fuselage 25.
  • the device under test, a wiring harness 28, is tested in the example shown here by applying a test voltage between a conductor of an inner line and the conductors of outer lines.
  • the use of a test gas with a reduced breakdown voltage in relation to air now ensures that insulation faults that are otherwise difficult to detect can also be detected because of the more likely pre-discharges or discharges.
  • test gas passed through the test device with a slight overpressure during the test can be collected in a container (not shown here) and, if necessary, returned to the test circuit.
  • the fuel tanks 24 can be regarded as a hermetically sealed system, since they are housed both in the fuselage 25 and in the wings 26. In the wings 26 are also harnesses 7, z. B. relocated to the electrical supply of the fill level monitoring of the individual fuel tanks 24.
  • the fuselage 25 is hermetically closed.
  • the wings 26 may optionally additionally in a hermetic envelope, for. B. a sealable film wrap.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

Certains procédés de contrôle connus ne permettent de détecter que certaines dispositions défectueuses où la distance entre la conduite défectueuse, l"électrode de contrôle et la contre-électrode n"est pas trop importante. Selon la présente invention, un contenant de contrôle crée un espace de contrôle entourant directement la zone de la conduite ou du faisceau de câbles (7) à analyser. L"atmosphère de ce contenant, qui est fermé avant l"analyse, est remplacée, au moyen d"un échange gazeux au moins partiel, par un gaz témoin ou par un mélange de gaz témoins dont la tension disruptive est inférieure à celle de l"air. L"invention concerne en outre un dispositif (1) correspondant en forme de pince destiné à la détection sectorielle, ainsi qu"un autre dispositif. Ledit procédé est également adapté à la détection in situ, dans le cas où le contenant de contrôle est formé par l"objet de montage lui-même (par ex., le fuselage d"un avion).
EP01933922A 2000-05-16 2001-05-03 Detection de deteriorations dans l'isolation de composants electriques Withdrawn EP1295136A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000124809 DE10024809B4 (de) 2000-05-16 2000-05-16 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Detektion von Schäden in der Isolation von elektrischen Leitungen und Kabelbäumen
DE10024809 2000-05-16
US09/698,264 US6518772B1 (en) 2000-05-16 2000-10-30 Method and device for the detection of damage in the insulation of electrical components, particularly of lines and cable harnesses
US698264 2000-10-30
PCT/EP2001/004971 WO2001088558A1 (fr) 2000-05-16 2001-05-03 Detection de deteriorations dans l"isolation de composants electriques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1295136A1 true EP1295136A1 (fr) 2003-03-26

Family

ID=26005750

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01933922A Withdrawn EP1295136A1 (fr) 2000-05-16 2001-05-03 Detection de deteriorations dans l'isolation de composants electriques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6518772B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1295136A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001260276A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001088558A1 (fr)

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CN111462599A (zh) * 2020-03-10 2020-07-28 合肥工业大学 一种气体放电管放电实验模拟装置

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US6518772B1 (en) 2003-02-11
WO2001088558A1 (fr) 2001-11-22
AU2001260276A1 (en) 2001-11-26

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