EP1317005B1 - Organische Leuchtdiode - Google Patents

Organische Leuchtdiode Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1317005B1
EP1317005B1 EP02023135A EP02023135A EP1317005B1 EP 1317005 B1 EP1317005 B1 EP 1317005B1 EP 02023135 A EP02023135 A EP 02023135A EP 02023135 A EP02023135 A EP 02023135A EP 1317005 B1 EP1317005 B1 EP 1317005B1
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host
light
emitting layer
organic electroluminescent
electroluminescent device
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French (fr)
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EP1317005A2 (de
EP1317005A3 (de
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Hyoung Yun Oh
Sung Koo Lee
Chun Gun Park
Jeong Dae Seo
Myung Seop Kim
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LG Display Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces
    • H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional [2D] radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B15/00—Acridine dyes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B1/00—Dyes with anthracene nucleus not condensed with any other ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B23/00—Methine or polymethine dyes, e.g. cyanine dyes
    • C09B23/14—Styryl dyes
    • C09B23/148—Stilbene dyes containing the moiety -C6H5-CH=CH-C6H5
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B3/00—Dyes with an anthracene nucleus condensed with one or more carbocyclic rings
    • C09B3/14—Perylene derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
    • C09B57/001—Pyrene dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B57/00—Other synthetic dyes of known constitution
    • C09B57/007—Squaraine dyes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
    • C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
    • C09B69/008—Dyes containing a substituent, which contains a silicium atom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/40—Organosilicon compounds, e.g. TIPS pentacene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
    • H10K85/626—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing more than one polycyclic condensed aromatic rings, e.g. bis-anthracene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
    • H10K85/633—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
    • H10K85/636—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine comprising heteroaromatic hydrocarbons as substituents on the nitrogen atom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
    • H10K2101/90—Multiple hosts in the emissive layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/311—Phthalocyanine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
    • H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
    • H10K85/623—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing five rings, e.g. pentacene
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/653—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only oxygen as heteroatom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/917—Electroluminescent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device, and more particularly, to an organic electroluminescent device having a red luminescent layer of which luminescent efficiency is greatly improved.
  • OLED organic light emitting diode
  • organic electroluminescent display technology for the organic electroluminescent display is developed rapidly, whereby various prototypes have been in market already.
  • the organic electroluminescent device emits light in a manner that electric charges are injected in an organic layer formed between a hole injection electrode(anode) and an electron injection electrode(cathode) so as to form a pair of electron and hole to generate an exciton and an excited state of the exciton falls to a ground state so as to emit light.
  • the organic electroluminescent device has excellent characteristics of wide viewing angle, fast response, high contrast, thereby being applicable to a pixel of a graphic display, a television video display and a pixel of a surface, light source .
  • the organic electroluminescent device can be formed on a flexible transparent substrate such as a plastic substrate and made to be thin and light as well as shows an excellent color tone.
  • a flexible transparent substrate such as a plastic substrate
  • such an organic electroluminescent device is suitable for the next generation flat panel display(FPD).
  • the organic electroluminescent device enables to express three colors including green, blue, and red, needs no backlight of a well-known liquid crystal display(LCD) so as to show less power consumption, and has the excellent color tone. Therefore, many concerns are focused on the organic electroluminescent device as the next generation full color display.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • an anode is formed on a transparent substrate.
  • ITO(indium tin oxide) is used as an anode material.
  • a hole injection layer(HIL) is formed on the anode.
  • CuPC(copper phthalocyanine) is mainly used as the hole injection layer formed 10 ⁇ 30nm thick.
  • the hole transport layer is formed of NPB ⁇ 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]-biphenyl ⁇ so as to be 30-60nm thick.
  • An organic light-emitting layer is formed on the hole transport layer.
  • a dopant is added thereto if necessary.
  • Alq 3 ⁇ tris(8-hydroxy-quinolate)aluminum ⁇ is used as the organic light-emitting layer so as to be formed 30-60nm thick.
  • MQD(N-mechylquinacridone) is used as the dopant.
  • An electron transport layer(ETL) and an electron injection layer(EIL) are formed successively on the organic light-emitting layer, or an electron injection transport layer is formed thereon.
  • Alq3 used in the organic light-emitting layer has an excellent capability of electron transport, whereby the electron injection/transport layer(s) may not be formed additionally.
  • each of blue, green, and red luminescent devices can be realized in accordance with how the organic light-emitting layer is formed. Yet, red luminescence of high efficiency has difficulty in being realized.
  • CuPC having excellent hole injection capability and thermal stability is used as a hole injection layer in OELD(organic electroluminescent display).
  • red wavelength is absorbed so as to reduce an efficiency of red greatly.
  • the EA dopant (rubrene) described did not itself emit but assisted the energy transfer from the host (Alq 3 ) to the red emitting dopant (DCM2).
  • the cell structure used was ⁇ indium tin oxide/hole injection layer [(20 nm), CuPc/hole transport layer (50 nm), NPB/emitting layer (40 nm), Alq 3 +DCM2 (2%)+rubrene (5 wt %)]/MgIn ⁇ .
  • the present invention is directed to an organic electroluminescent device according to claim 1 that substantially obviates one or more problems due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device enabling to increase a red luminescence efficiency by developing a host system transferring energy to a red luminescent material efficiently.
  • an organic electroluminescent device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a light-emitting layer having a guest material of a red luminescent material and first and second host materials formed between the first and second electrodes, an electron injection/transport layer is formed between the second electrode and light-emiting layer, wherein the first host material is an aromatic compound having one of the following structural formula; the second host material is compound Alq 3 which has the following structural formula; and the guest material is a DCM Derivative which has the following structural formula; wherein if a device using the first host material alone has a first EL peak value at a first wavelength and a device using the second host material alone has a second EL peak value at a second wavelength, longer than the first wavelength, a device using the first and second host materials together has a third EL peak value at a third wavelength band between the first and second wavelength
  • a composition of the light-emitting layer includes 0.01-30wt/% of the guest material and 0.05-99.9wt/% of the host materials.
  • the guest material is a DCM derivative.
  • a maximum PL luminescent peak is at least 550nm and maximum PL luminescent peaks of the first and second host materials are 500-600nm.
  • FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate structural formulas of NPB and CuPC used in the present invention, respectively;
  • FIG. 2A illustrates a graph of an EL peak wavelength range of a device having a light-emitting layer including a first host only and an EL wavelength range of a device having a light-emitting layer including a second host only;
  • FIG. 2B illustrates a graph of an EL wavelength range of a device having a light-emitting layer including a mixture of first and second hosts.
  • An organic electroluminescent device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a light-emitting layer consisting of a guest material of a red luminescent material and first and second host materials formed between the first and second electrodes as defined in claims 1-4.
  • a composition of the light-emitting layer includes 0.01-30wt/% of the guest material and 0.05-99.9wt/% of the host materials.
  • the guest material is a DCM derivative.
  • An organic electroluminescent device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a light-emitting layer consisting of a guest material of a red luminescent material and at least two host materials so as to be formed between the first and second electrodes, and a hole injection/transport layer formed between the first electrode and light-emitting layer, wherein an electron injection/transport layer can be formed between the second electrode and light-emitting layer as defined in claim 1-4.
  • a maximum PL luminescent peak is at least 550nm and maximum PL luminescent peaks of the first and second host materials are 500 ⁇ 600nm.
  • the "PL(photoluminescence) peak” is a peak of a liquid state after dissolution in a solvent of THF(tetrahydrofuran), chloroform, acetacidethyl, etc.
  • the light-emitting layer of the present invention has a composition of 0.01 ⁇ 30wt/% of the guest, 0.05 ⁇ 99.9wt/% of the first host, and 0.05 ⁇ 99.9wt/% of the second host.
  • the first host according to the present invention is selected from the group consisting of the following structural compounds.
  • the second host is tris(8-quinolinolate) aluminum having the following structural formula.
  • a maximum PL luminescence peak of the guest of the present invention is equal to or greater than 550nm.
  • the DCM derivative has the following structural formula.
  • FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are graphs showing the characteristics of the present invention.
  • a vertical axis in FTG. 2A indicates a normalized EL intensity.
  • an EL peak of the device using first and second host materials together lies between the EL peak of the device using the first host material only and the other peak of the device using the second host only.
  • the EL(electroluminescent) peak value of the present invention is between 520 ⁇ 600nm so as to lie between the Alq 3 and first host.
  • the reactant is added to methanol for precipitation, whereby precipitate is obtained.
  • the precipitate is then filtered, whereby 2g(75%) of 3-bromoperylene is extracted.
  • Toluene is removed from the reaction solution by decompressed distillation.
  • the reaction solution is washed with water, washed again with methanol, and filtered. And, recrystallization is carried out using THF/methanol.
  • Decompressed distillation is carried out, washing is carried out using a small quantity of petroleum ether, and then filtering is carried out so as to obtain 1.51g (60%) of compound.
  • Nitrogen gas is blown in for about 30 minutes, PD(pph 3 ) 4 amounting to 5mol% of 3-bromoperylene) is added thereto, and then refluxing and stirring are carried out for 24 hours.
  • the reactant After toluene has been removed from the reaction solution by decompressed distillation, the reactant is dissolved in THF so as to obtain precipitate from methanol.
  • Toluene is removed by decompressed distillation, and the toluene-free reaction solution is washed twice.
  • Recrystallization is carried out thereon using THF and methanol.
  • a PL peak ⁇ max is 520nm.
  • two species of host materials are deposited on an organic light-emitting layer together with a red luminescent material for the fabrication of the organic EL device.
  • an ITO glass is patterned so as to have a size of 3mm x 3mm.
  • the patterned ITO glass is then cleaned.
  • J-5 compound, Alq 3 , and dcjtb are used as the first host, second host, and red luminescent material of the light-emitting layer, respectively.
  • a mixture ratio between the first host, second host, and red luminescent material is 1:1:0.02.
  • the second embodiment of the present invention is carried out by the same method of the first embodiment of the present invention except that J-17 compound is used.
  • an ITO glass is patterned so as to have a size of 3mm x 3mm.
  • the patterned ITO glass is then cleaned.
  • the light-emitting layer includes Alq 3 and a red luminescent material only, and a mixture ratio thereof is 1:0.01.
  • the organic electroluminescent device transfers energy efficiently using the red luminescent material, thereby enabling to enhance a red luminescence efficiency.
  • the present invention uses such a light-emitting layer, thereby enabling to realize a red luminescent device having a high efficiency despite a low driving voltage.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Organische elektrolumineszente Vorrichtung, umfassend:
    eine erste Elektrode;
    eine zweite Elektrode;
    eine lichtemittierende Schicht mit einem Gastmaterial aus einem rotlumineszierenden Material und
    erste und zweite Wirtsmaterialien, die zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Elektrode gebildet sind;
    eine Lochinjektions-/-transportschicht, die zwischen der ersten Elektrode und der lichtemittierenden Schicht gebildet ist; und
    eine Elektroneninjektions-/-transportschicht, die zwischen der zweiten Elektrode und der lichtemittierenden Schicht gebildet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Wirtsmaterial eine aromatische Verbindung ist, die eine der folgenden Strukturformeln besitzt
    Figure imgb0021
    Figure imgb0022
    das zweite Wirtsmaterial Verbindung Alq3 ist, welche die folgende Strukturformel besitzt
    Figure imgb0023
    und das Gastmaterial ein DCM-Derivat ist, das die folgende Strukturformel besitzt
    Figure imgb0024
    worin, wenn eine Vorrichtung das erste Wirtsmaterial alleine verwendet, einen ersten EL-Peakwert bei einer ersten Wellenlänge besitzt, und eine Vorrichtung, welche das zweite Wirtsmaterial allein verwendet, einen zweiten EL-Peakwert bei einer zweiten Wellenlänge, welche länger ist als die erste Wellenlänge, besitzt, eine Vorrichtung, welche das erste und das zweite Wirtsmaterial zusammen verwendet, einen dritten EL-Peakwert bei einem dritten Wellenlängenband zwischen der ersten und zweiten Wellenlänge besitzt.
  2. Organische elektrolumineszente Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Zusammensetzung der lichtemittierenden Schicht 0,01-30 Gew.-% des Gastmaterials und 0,05-99,9 Gew.-% der Wirtsmaterialien beinhaltet.
  3. Organische elektrolumineszente Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei ein maximaler PL-Lumineszenzpeak des Gastes gleich oder größer als 550 nm ist.
  4. Organische elektrolumineszente Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das erste und zweite Wirtsmaterial maximale PL-Lumineszenzpeaks von jeweils 500-600 nm besitzen.
EP02023135A 2001-10-30 2002-10-15 Organische Leuchtdiode Expired - Lifetime EP1317005B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR2001067267 2001-10-30
KR1020010067267A KR100577179B1 (ko) 2001-10-30 2001-10-30 유기 전계 발광 소자

Publications (3)

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EP1317005A2 EP1317005A2 (de) 2003-06-04
EP1317005A3 EP1317005A3 (de) 2007-09-26
EP1317005B1 true EP1317005B1 (de) 2012-12-05

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CN (1) CN1231096C (de)

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CN1231096C (zh) 2005-12-07
KR100577179B1 (ko) 2006-05-10
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CN1416301A (zh) 2003-05-07
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