EP1459332B1 - Procede pour produire une couche resistive electroconductrice et dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement - Google Patents

Procede pour produire une couche resistive electroconductrice et dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1459332B1
EP1459332B1 EP02796639A EP02796639A EP1459332B1 EP 1459332 B1 EP1459332 B1 EP 1459332B1 EP 02796639 A EP02796639 A EP 02796639A EP 02796639 A EP02796639 A EP 02796639A EP 1459332 B1 EP1459332 B1 EP 1459332B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
layer
resistor layer
spraying
conductive resistor
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EP02796639A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1459332A2 (fr
Inventor
Russegger Elias
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Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
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Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
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Application filed by Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co filed Critical Watlow Electric Manufacturing Co
Priority to EP20080015360 priority Critical patent/EP2009648B1/fr
Publication of EP1459332A2 publication Critical patent/EP1459332A2/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/01—Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material
    • C23C4/16—Wires; Tubes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/14—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form
    • F24H1/142—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium by tubes, e.g. bent in serpentine form using electric energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/22—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming
    • H01C17/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming by removing or adding resistive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/22—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming
    • H01C17/24—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming by removing or adding resistive material
    • H01C17/245—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for trimming by removing or adding resistive material by mechanical means, e.g. sand-blasting, cutting or ultrasonic treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/46—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49083—Heater type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
    • Y10T29/49099—Coating resistive material on a base

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing an electrically conductive resistance layer, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a heating and / or cooling device having the features of the preamble of claim 11.
  • Such a method is from the DE 198 10 848 A1 known.
  • a heating element is described, which is produced by applying band-shaped layers of an electrically conductive and a resistance-forming material on surfaces of a substrate by means of arc sputtering or by plasma spraying.
  • a release liner is previously applied to the substrate by means of a printing process.
  • the release liner is made of such a material that the electrically conductive material does not adhere to those locations of the substrate where the release liner is present.
  • the known method has the roof part that it is relatively expensive and therefore the parts with the electrically conductive resistance layers are relatively expensive. Furthermore can be provided with an electrically conductive layer only more or less flat parts with the known method.
  • the present invention therefore has the object of developing a method of the type mentioned so that the production of an electrically conductive layer on a substrate is easier and cheaper possible and also complex shaped objects can be provided with such an electrically conductive resistance layer, wherein the resistor should be set as accurately as possible.
  • the electrically conductive material of which the resistance layer is made is applied flat and generally uniformly on the non-conductive substrate.
  • the application by means of thermal spraying ensures a high adhesion of the electrically conductive material on the non-conductive surface.
  • the A variety of materials can be applied quickly and very evenly on the non-conductive substrate in this way.
  • the applied electrically conductive material is removed at certain points by means of a suitable device. As a result, a complex shaping of the electrically conductive layer is made possible in only two steps.
  • Plasma spraying, high-speed flame spraying, arc spraying, autogenous spraying, laser spraying or cold gas spraying has proven to be favorable for the application of the electrically conductive material to the substrate.
  • the invention provides that the local electrical resistance of the electrically conductive resistance layer is adjusted by a local heat treatment. By heating locally oxides can be registered in the layer, which has an effect on the local electrical conductivity of the material. This allows a special. Precise and fine adjustment of the electrical resistance.
  • a further development provides that the removal of the material layer in regions takes place by means of laser radiation or by means of a water jet or by means of a powder sand blast.
  • the material When using laser radiation, the material is heated so much that it evaporates.
  • the use of a Laser beam has the advantage that it very quickly very high energies can be coupled into the electrically conductive material so that it evaporates immediately. This instantaneous evaporation of the electrically conductive material ensures that only comparatively little heat is coupled into the substrate present under the electrically conductive material. This is therefore not damaged in the method according to the invention.
  • the evaporation has the advantage over incineration that essentially no residues remain in the evaporated areas on the substrate and so their insulation is very good.
  • the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive resistance layer is detected at least indirectly during the area-wise removal of the material layer. In this way, a precise quality control is already possible directly during the production of the electrically conductive layer.
  • an actual value of the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive resistance layer is compared with a target value and the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive layer is changed by removal of additional electrically conductive material in regions such that the difference between actual value and desired value is reduced.
  • Such deviations may, for example, be the result of different amounts of the electrically conductive material reaching the substrate during spraying of the thermally conductive material, so that the resulting electrically conductive layer has a different thickness at one point than at another location.
  • deviations of the actual value of the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive layer from the desired value can be compensated for with an accuracy of +/- 1%.
  • the partial removal of additional electrically conductive material may include a shortening or lengthening of the electrically conductive layer and / or the variation of the width of the electrically conductive layer.
  • the material layer is removed in such a way that a desired melting point in the sense of a fuse is produced at at least one point of the electrically conductive layer.
  • a desired melting point in the sense of a fuse is produced at at least one point of the electrically conductive layer.
  • the material layer is removed in such a way that the electrically conductive resistance layer is at least partially meandering. This allows the formation of as long as possible electrically conductive resistance layer on a small area.
  • the electrically conductive material preferably comprises bismuth, tellurium, germanium, silicon and / or gallium arsenide. These materials have proved to be particularly favorable for the application by means of thermal spraying and the subsequent processing by means of laser radiation. In addition, with these materials, the relevant known technical effects can be realized.
  • the electrically conductive material is applied in this way and the material layer is partially removed in such a way and comprises such a material that an electrical heating or an electrical cooling layer is formed.
  • the "Peltier effect" is advantageously utilized.
  • the electrically conductive resistance layer is sealed.
  • This has particular advantages in a porous substrate (for example, metal with Al 2 O 3 intermediate layer). Sealing reduces the risk of electrical breakdown due to humidity, especially at high voltage.
  • a material for sealing silicone, polyimide, or water glass the latter on sodium or potassium-based. The application can be done by dipping, spraying, brushing, etc. The seal of the seal is best when the sealant layer is applied under vacuum.
  • non-conductive substrate is also glass or glass ceramic in question.
  • the electrical resistance layer can be applied permanently, especially by plasma spraying.
  • the good insulating effect of glass makes grounding in the operation of the resistive layer superfluous. It is also possible to use special Fiochtemperaturglas, such as Ceranglas®.
  • the invention also relates to a heating and / or cooling device having the features of claim 11, a non-conductive substrate and an applied to the substrate by thermal spraying electrically conductive resistance layer.
  • the production costs for such a heating and / or cooling device can be reduced if the resistance layer comprises an electrically conductive material initially applied by thermal spraying, which was then removed in regions by means of laser radiation and thus brought into a desired shape.
  • the resistance layer comprises an electrically conductive material initially applied by thermal spraying, which was then removed in regions by means of laser radiation and thus brought into a desired shape.
  • such heating and / or cooling devices have precise resistance.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 shows the production of a tubular water heater:
  • an electrically conductive material layer 14 is applied to a tube 12 made of a high-temperature resistant and an electrical insulator material ( Fig. 1 ).
  • the application takes place in the present exemplary embodiment by means of a device 16, with which germanium particles 18 are sprayed onto the tube 12.
  • the application is carried out by cold gas spraying (also called "gas-dynamic powder coating").
  • the unmelted germanium particles are heated to speeds of about 300 - Accelerated 1,200 m / s and sprayed onto the tube 12.
  • the germanium particles 18 and also the surface of the tube 12 deform.
  • the impact breaks up surface oxides on the surface of the tube 12. Micro-friction due to the impact increases the temperature at the contact surface and leads to micro-welds.
  • the acceleration of the germanium particles 18 takes place by means of a delivery gas, the temperature of which can be slightly increased.
  • the germanium powder 18 in no case reaches its melting temperature, the temperatures arising at the surface of the tube 12 are relatively moderate, so that, for example, a comparatively inexpensive plastic material for the tube 12 can be used.
  • plasma spraying, high-speed flame spraying, arc spraying, autogenous spraying or laser spraying for applying the electrically conductive material to the substrate can also be used instead of the cold gas spraying.
  • germanium, bismuth, tellurium, silicon and / or gallium arsenide are also suitable, depending on the desired technical effect.
  • the coating of the tube 12 with the germanium particles 18 is carried out initially so that gradually the entire Surface of the tube 12 is covered with the germanium material layer 14 (see. Fig.1 ).
  • this material layer 14 does not yet have the desired shape:
  • the laser device 20 on the one hand and a device, not shown in the figure, with which the tube 12 is held, are thereby moved so that a continuous working process by the laser device 20 is possible.
  • FIG. 4 shows in plan view a flat heating plate 28.
  • This consists of a non-visible in this plan view non-conductive ground, on the analogous to that in the FIGS. 1 and 2 described first, a sheet-like material layer 14 has been applied, were subsequently evaporated from the areas 24 by means of a laser beam (for illustrative purposes, only one area 24 provided with reference numerals).
  • a laser beam for illustrative purposes, only one area 24 provided with reference numerals.
  • this has two peculiarities:
  • a second special feature is that the heating power or the heat flux density of the electrically conductive resistive layer was corrected during its production so that it corresponds to the desired heat output and the desired heat flux density with very high precision. This happens in the following way:
  • an electrical voltage is applied during the evaporation of the regions 24, so that the electrical resistance of the electrically conductive layer 26 can be continuously measured during this evaporation.
  • the material layer 14 is evaporated only in initially very narrow regions 24.
  • horizontally extending evaporated areas 24 thus initially run only from one in Fig. 4 Dashed edge 36 shown up to the overlying horizontal edge 38 of the electrically conductive resistance layer 26 (here, too, for representation reasons, only in a region 24, the corresponding reference number entered).
  • the material layer 14 is first processed by the laser beam so that the in Fig. 4 lower electrical end region 34 is relatively wide. This is also shown by a dashed line by the reference numeral 40.
  • the actual electrical resistance WIST (see. Fig. 5 ) of the electrically conductive resistance layer 26 is less than the desired per se electrical resistance WSOLL.
  • the in Fig. 4 lower connection region 34 of the electric conductive resistance layer 26 is therefore processed by the laser beam so that its width decreases, so it is evaporated additional material.
  • the electrically conductive resistance layer 26 extends by a dimension d1 (cf. Fig. 4 and 5 ) and, as a result, the actual electrical resistance WIST increases until it approximately corresponds to the desired resistance WSOLL.
  • the final position of the boundary line of the lower electrical connection 34 carries in Fig. 4 the reference numeral 42.
  • a plate-shaped heater is shown in section. In contrast to the embodiments described above, it comprises not only an electrically conductive resistance layer, but two electrically conductive resistance layers 26a and 26b. Between these an electrically non-conductive intermediate layer 46 is present. The production of this electric heating plate 28 takes place as follows:
  • an electrically conductive material is applied to a plate-shaped carrier 12.
  • the application takes place surface by thermal spraying in such a way that the resulting material layer initially has substantially no desired shape.
  • the material layer is partially evaporated by laser radiation (reference numeral 24a) in such a way that an electrically conductive resistance layer 26a is produced, which has the desired shape.
  • the electrically insulating intermediate layer 46 is applied in the further course of the manufacturing process. Then the process described above is repeated, i. H. again electrically conductive material is applied by means of thermal spraying onto the non-conductive intermediate layer 46 in such a way that a second material layer formed therefrom substantially does not yet have the desired shape. This is then processed by laser radiation and partially evaporated (reference numeral 24b) such that a second electrically conductive resistance layer (26b) is formed in the desired shape.
  • the material of the electrically conductive layer is selected so that instead of an electrical heating layer, an electrical Cooling layer is formed.
  • the temperature of the heating layer is monitored by a ceramic switch.
  • a ceramic switch This is understood to mean a non-mechanical switch which has an element whose conductivity depends to a considerable extent on its temperature.
  • a bimetal switch can be used.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'une couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26 ; 26a, 26b), avec lequel une matière électriquement conductrice (16) est appliquée sur un substrat (12 ; 12, 46) non conducteur par projection thermique, projection au plasma, projection de flamme à grande vitesse, projection d'arc électrique, projection à l'autogène, projection laser ou projection de gaz froid (16), sachant que la matière électriquement conductrice (18) est appliquée sur la surface de manière telle qu'une couche de matière (14) ainsi réalisée, d'abord pour l'essentiel, ne présente pas encore une forme souhaitée, et qu'ensuite la couche de matière (14) est supprimée dans certaines zones (24 ; 24a, 24b) de manière telle que soit réalisée une couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26 ; 26a, 26b) qui a pour l'essentiel la forme souhaitée, caractérisé en ce que la résistance électrique locale de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice est ajustée par un traitement thermique local par inclusion locale d'oxydes dans la couche.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la suppression dans certaines zones de la couche de matière (14) a lieu au moyen d'un rayonnement laser, d'un jet d'eau ou d'un jet de sable ou de poudre, de sorte que la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26) ait une forme en particulier de méandre au moins dans certaines zones.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, durant la suppression dans certaines zones (24) de la couche de matière (14), la résistance électrique (WIST) de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26) est détectée au moins indirectement.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'une valeur réelle (WIST) de la résistance électrique de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice est comparée à une valeur de consigne (WSOLL) et en ce que, par la suppression dans certaines zones (24) de matière électriquement conductrice supplémentaire (38, 42), la résistance électrique (WIST) de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26) est modifiée de manière telle que la différence soit réduite entre la valeur réelle (WIST) et la valeur de consigne (WSOLL).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la détection de la valeur réelle (WIST) de la résistance électrique de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice et la réduction de la différence entre la valeur réelle (WIST) et la valeur de consigne (WSOLL) ont lieu en parallèle.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche de matière (14) est supprimée (24) de manière telle qu'au moins en un secteur de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26) se crée un secteur de fusion théorique (30) au sens d'un fusible de sécurité.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, après la suppression dans certaines zones (24a) de la couche de matière et la réalisation de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26a), une couche intermédiaire (46) non conductrice est appliquée sur cette couche résistive électriquement conductrice, puis une matière électriquement conductrice est appliquée sur la surface de la couche intermédiaire (46) non conductrice par projection thermique de manière telle qu'une couche de matière ainsi réalisée d'abord pour l'essentiel ne présente pas encore une forme souhaitée et qu'ensuite la couche de matière soit supprimée dans certaines zones (24b) de manière telle que soit réalisée une deuxième couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26b) qui a la forme souhaitée.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la matière électriquement conductrice (18) est appliquée, et la couche de matière (14) est supprimée dans certaines zones (24) et comporte une telle matière au point qu'une couche de chauffage électrique (26) ou une couche de refroidissement électrique soit formée.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche résistive électriquement conductrice est vitrifiée, en particulier au moyen de silicone, de polyimide ou de verre soluble.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la vitrification se fait sous vide.
  11. Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement (28), doté d'un substrat (12 ; 12, 46) non conducteur et d'une couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26 ; 26a, 26b) appliquée sur le substrat (12 ; 12, 46) par projection thermique (16), projection au plasma, projection de flamme à grande vitesse, projection d'arc électrique, projection à l'autogène, projection laser ou projection de gaz froid, laquelle couche comporte une matière électriquement conductrice (18) qui a été d'abord appliquée sur la surface puis supprimée dans certaines zones (24 ; 24a, 24b) et amenée par cela à une forme souhaitée, caractérisé en ce que des oxydes ont été inclus localement dans la couche suite à un traitement thermique local afin d'ajuster la résistance électrique locale de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26 ; 26a, 26b).
  12. Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26 ; 26a, 26b) est vitrifiée.
  13. Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que sur la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26a) réalisée repose une couche intermédiaire (46) non conductrice et en ce que sur la surface de cette dernière repose une deuxième couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26b) pour laquelle la couche de matière a été supprimée dans certaines zones comme pour la couche résistive (26a).
  14. Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs couches résistives et couches intermédiaires sont disposées les unes au-dessus des autres.
  15. Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le substrat (12 ; 12, 46) non conducteur est composé de verre, de verre à haute température ou de vitrocéramique.
  16. Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisé en ce que la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26 ; 26a, 26b) est du bismuth, du tellure, du germanium, du silicium et/ou de l'arséniure de gallium.
  17. Dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement selon l'une quelconque des revendications 11 à 16, caractérisé en ce que pour ajuster la résistance électrique de la couche résistive électriquement conductrice (26 ; 26a, 26b) cette dernière comporte une zone terminale (34) dont la longueur est ajustable.
EP02796639A 2001-12-19 2002-12-16 Procede pour produire une couche resistive electroconductrice et dispositif de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement Expired - Lifetime EP1459332B1 (fr)

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DE102011057108A1 (de) 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 Webasto Ag Elektrische Fahrzeugheizvorrichtung mit Wärmeabschirmung
DE102011057105A1 (de) 2011-12-28 2013-07-04 Webasto Ag Elektrische Fahrzeugheizvorrichtung
DE102019214588A1 (de) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-25 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Elektrische Heizvorrichtung für ein Fahrzeug
DE102019214566A1 (de) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-25 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Heizanordnung
DE102019214550A1 (de) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-25 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Verfahren zum Herstellen eines elektrischen Heizelements
WO2021058507A1 (fr) 2019-09-24 2021-04-01 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Système de chauffage
DE102019214566B4 (de) * 2019-09-24 2021-04-01 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Heizanordnung
WO2021058505A1 (fr) 2019-09-24 2021-04-01 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Dispositif de chauffage électrique pour un véhicule, procédé de production et utilisation d'un procédé de gravure
DE102019214550B4 (de) * 2019-09-24 2021-06-24 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Verfahren zum Herstellen eines elektrischen Heizelements
US12330478B2 (en) 2019-09-24 2025-06-17 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Heating arrangement
DE102020207875A1 (de) 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Elektrische Heizanordnung und elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit einer solchen Heizanordnung
WO2021259764A1 (fr) 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Dispositif de chauffage électrique

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US20130260048A1 (en) 2013-10-03
DE10162276B4 (de) 2015-07-16
DE10162276C5 (de) 2019-03-14
WO2003052776A3 (fr) 2004-03-04
PT1459332E (pt) 2008-12-29
US20150267288A1 (en) 2015-09-24
DE50213016D1 (de) 2008-12-24
US9758854B2 (en) 2017-09-12
PT2009648E (pt) 2014-03-25
ES2452325T3 (es) 2014-03-31
CA2471268C (fr) 2007-07-17
US7361869B2 (en) 2008-04-22
EP1459332A2 (fr) 2004-09-22
DE10162276A1 (de) 2003-07-17
US20060108354A1 (en) 2006-05-25
EP2009648A1 (fr) 2008-12-31
EP2009648B1 (fr) 2014-01-29
WO2003052776A2 (fr) 2003-06-26
US9029742B2 (en) 2015-05-12
US20050025470A1 (en) 2005-02-03
ATE414321T1 (de) 2008-11-15
ES2314125T3 (es) 2009-03-16
CA2471268A1 (fr) 2003-06-26

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