EP1685193A2 - Produits reactionnels a double durcissement a base d'acrylates multifonctionnels a photo-initiation spontanee comprenant des composes epoxydiques cycloaliphatiques - Google Patents

Produits reactionnels a double durcissement a base d'acrylates multifonctionnels a photo-initiation spontanee comprenant des composes epoxydiques cycloaliphatiques

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Publication number
EP1685193A2
EP1685193A2 EP04810830A EP04810830A EP1685193A2 EP 1685193 A2 EP1685193 A2 EP 1685193A2 EP 04810830 A EP04810830 A EP 04810830A EP 04810830 A EP04810830 A EP 04810830A EP 1685193 A2 EP1685193 A2 EP 1685193A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oligomeric composition
liquid oligomeric
group
dicarbonyl
acrylate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04810830A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1685193A4 (fr
Inventor
Laurence G. Dammann
Robert B. Fechter
Sridevi Narayan-Sarathy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ineos Composites IP LLC
Original Assignee
Ashland Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/712,044 external-priority patent/US7041749B2/en
Application filed by Ashland Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC filed Critical Ashland Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC
Publication of EP1685193A2 publication Critical patent/EP1685193A2/fr
Publication of EP1685193A4 publication Critical patent/EP1685193A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C08L63/10—Epoxy resins modified by unsaturated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
    • C08G59/22—Di-epoxy compounds
    • C08G59/24—Di-epoxy compounds carbocyclic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/10—Esters
    • C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
    • C08F222/102—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of dialcohols, e.g. ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate or 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G16/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
    • C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
    • C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F222/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof
    • C08F222/10—Esters
    • C08F222/1006—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols
    • C08F222/103—Esters of polyhydric alcohols or polyhydric phenols of trialcohols, e.g. trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/10—Definition of the polymer structure
    • C08G2261/13—Morphological aspects
    • C08G2261/135—Cross-linked structures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/30—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/33—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain
    • C08G2261/334—Monomer units or repeat units incorporating structural elements in the main chain incorporating non-aromatic structural elements in the main chain containing heteroatoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2261/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G2261/70—Post-treatment
    • C08G2261/76—Post-treatment crosslinking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to photopolymerizable resins.
  • the invention relates specifically to oligomeric compositions comprising cycloaliphatic epoxide compounds and multifunctional acrylate oligomers synthesized from multifunctional acrylates and ⁇ -ketoesters, ⁇ -diketones, ⁇ -ketoamides, or ⁇ - ketoanilides.
  • Acrylate, methacrylate and other unsaturated monomers are widely used in coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers, and may be crosslinked by ultraviolet light in the presence of photoinitiators or peroxide-initiated free radical cure.
  • photoinitiators and/or peroxides are typically low molecular weight multifunctional compounds that may be volatile or readily absorbed through skin and can cause adverse health effects.
  • Functionalized oligomeric photoinitiators may overcome some of these drawbacks; generally, polymeric photoinitiators are nonvolatile compounds, not readily absorbed through skin.
  • multistep syntheses may be required, low functionality may be detrimental to reactivity and final properties, and catalyst or initiator may still be required to effect crosslinking.
  • Ashland, Inc. the assignee of the present invention, disclose that certain organic soluble liquid uncrosslinked oligomers, made by one step Michael addition of ⁇ - dicarbonyl donor compounds (e.g., acetoacetates) to multiacrylates, can be further crosslinked using ultraviolet light without requiring costly photoinitiators.
  • the disclosed oligomers may be described as self-photoinitiating acrylate resins.
  • liquid oligomeric compositions result. If proportions below the ranges disclosed in the above-cited patent documents are used, crosslinked gels or solid products are made.
  • the disclosed liquid oligomer compositions can readily be applied to various substrates using conventional coating techniques such as roll or spray prior to ultraviolet light cure.
  • monomer is herein defined as a molecule or compound, usually containing carbon and of relatively low molecular weight and simple structure, which is capable of conversion to polymers, synthetic resins, or elastomers by combination with other similar and/or dissimilar molecules or compounds.
  • oligomer is herein defined as a polymer molecule consisting of only a few similar and/or dissimilar monomer units.
  • resin is herein defined as an oligomer, which is capable of conversion to high molecular weight polymers by combination with other similar and/or dissimilar molecules or compounds.
  • thermoset is herein defined to be a high molecular weight polymer product of resins that solidifies or sets irreversibly when heated. This property is associated with crosslinking reactions of the molecular constituents induced by heat, radiation, and/or chemical catalysis.
  • the present invention provides for dual-cure polymerizing resin compositions. Coatings, adhesives, sealants, and inks may be produced using the resins of the present invention that cure by two different mechanisms.
  • a first mechanism is a UV-initiated free-radical polymerization of Michael addition resins bearing pendant acrylate functionalities.
  • a second mechanism provides a UV-initiated acid polymerization of epoxy resins catalyzed by a photo-generated strong acid.
  • a cationic photoinitiator is dissociated by UV light to produce a strong Lewis or Bronsted acid.
  • Cationic photoinitiators are preferably perfluorometallate onium salts.
  • the present invention provides liquid oligomeric compositions comprising: a difunctional cycloaliphatic epoxide; and an organic soluble, ungelled, uncrosslinked, Michael addition resin, wherein the Michael resin is formed from, but not limited to, a multifunctional acrylate Michael acceptor and a ⁇ -dicarbonyl Michael donor, specifically ⁇ -keto esters, ⁇ -diketones, ⁇ -ketoamides, cyanoacetates, or ⁇ - ketoanilides or combinations thereof.
  • the present invention provides liquid oligomeric compositions that are shelf stable for more than one month and have residual pendant unsaturated acrylate groups (in contrast to unsa uration in the oligomer "backbone" such as is obtained in the making of unsaturated polyester resins) and which photopolymerize exceptionally fast upon exposure to UV radiation.
  • the present invention provides liquid oligomeric compositions optionally further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, gloss modifiers, flow and leveling agents and other additive as appropriate to formulate coatings, paints, laminates, sealants, adhesives, and inks.
  • at least one additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, gloss modifiers, flow and leveling agents and other additive as appropriate to formulate coatings, paints, laminates, sealants, adhesives, and inks.
  • a good general reference disclosing such additives is The Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2 nd Edition, Wiley-Interscience Publications (1985).
  • the present invention provides a method of making liquid oligomeric compositions having residual pendant unsaturated acrylate groups, which comprises: providing a multifunctional acrylate Michael acceptor and a ⁇ -dicarbonyl Michael donor; reacting the donor and the acceptor using a base catalyst to form a Michael adduct; adding an acidifying agent to neutralize any residual basic species and admixing at least one cycloaliphatic epoxide.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a liquid oligomeric composition further comprising at least one modifying epoxide.
  • Modifying epoxides are selected to improve the film properties of the cured coating, such as adhesion to metals, and/or to reduce the viscosity of the coating for application purposes.
  • the Michael polyacrylate resin / epoxide dual cure system can develop "green strength" or "blocking resistance" with a miniscule UV pulse or with only a tiny amount of amine or peroxide catalyst. Once having attained a first stage or initial degree of cure, the coating can then be manipulated by forming, printing, or laminating operations prior to affecting full cure.
  • the capability of dual cure allows for manipulation of the substrate in ways that conventioiial systems, including conventional UV-cured coatings, cannot emulate.
  • the present invention provides a method of using a liquid oligomeric composition comprising: a cycloaliphatic epoxide, and an organic soluble, ungelled, uncrosslinked, Michael addition polyacrylate reaction product; applying the oligomeric composition to a surface; and curing the composition in the presence of a cationic photoinitiator and actinic light.
  • thermosets formed from the inventive oligomeric compositions are provided.
  • the present invention provides a method of using a liquid oligomeric composition wherein the composition further comprises at least one additive selected from the group consisting of pigments, gloss modifiers, flow and leveling agents and other additives as appropriate to formulate coatings, paints, laminates, sealants, adhesives, and inks.
  • An aspect of the present invention provides oligomeric compositions that maybe further crosslinked to make coatings (e.g., paints, varnishes), inks, laminates, sealants, adhesives, elastomers, and composite matrices.
  • the present invention provides a polymerized product comprising: a cycloaliphatic epoxide and an organic soluble, ungelled, uncrosslinked, Michael addition polyacrylate reaction product, further crosslinked in the presence of a cationic photoinitiator.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic of the synthesis of a UV-curable oligomer from the Michael Addition reaction of trirnethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and ethyl acetoacetate (EAA).
  • TMPTA trirnethylolpropane triacrylate
  • EAA ethyl acetoacetate
  • An aspect of the present invention provides a liquid oligomeric composition
  • a liquid oligomeric composition comprising a controlled ratio mixture of a cycloaliphatic epoxide, a cationic photoinitiator, and an organic soluble, ungelled, uncrosslinked, Michael addition polyacrylate reaction product.
  • the Michael addition polyacrylate oligomer is formed from a multifunctional acrylate Michael acceptor and a ⁇ -dicarbonyl Michael donor.
  • the ⁇ -dicarbonyl Michael donor is suitably chosen from among ⁇ -keto esters, ⁇ - diketones, ⁇ -ketoamides, and ⁇ -ketoanilides.
  • the multifunctional acrylate Michael acceptor is suitably chosen from among diacrylates, triacrylates, and tetraacrylates.
  • the range of ⁇ -dicarbonyl donors and multifunctional acrylate acceptors affords the composition designer the opportunity to exercise a great range of selectivity in the properties of the final product.
  • the properties of the final crosslinked product can be varied, in a controlled manner, by using different oligomers, different epoxides, and/or by varying the ratio of the Michael oligomer to epoxide.
  • Preferred diacrylates include, but are not limited to: ethylene glycol diacrylate, propylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, dipropylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, tertraethylene glycol diacrylate, tetrapropylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polypropylene glycol diacrylate, ethoxylated bisphenol A diacrylate, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether diacrylate, resorcinol diglycidyl ether diacrylate, 1,3-propanediol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, cyclohexane dimethanol diacrylate, ethoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate,
  • Preferred triacrylates include, but are not limited to: trimethylol propane triacrylate, glycerol triacrylate, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tris (2 -hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate triacrylate, ethoxylated glycerol triacrylate, propoxylated glycerol triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, aryl urethane triacrylates, aliphatic urethane triacrylates, melamine triacrylates, epoxy novolac triacrylates, aliphatic epoxy triacrylate, polyester triacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred tetraacrylates include, but are not limited to: di- trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, propoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate, ethoxylated dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate, propoxylated dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate, aryl urethane tetraacrylates, aliphatic urethane tetraacrylates, polyester tetraacrylates, melamine tetraacrylates, epoxy novolac tetraacrylates, and mixtures thereof.
  • the ⁇ -dicarbonyl Michael donor is a ⁇ -diketone (e.g., 2, 4-pentanedione).
  • the present invention may also be practiced with a ⁇ -ketoester (e.g., ethyl acetoacetate), a ⁇ -ketoanilide (e.g., acetoacetanilide) or a ⁇ - ketoamide (e.g., acetoacetamide) or a mixture of Michael donors according to the desired resin quality and end use.
  • the Michael addition reaction is catalyzed by a strong base.
  • a preferred base is diazabicycloundecene (DBU), which is sufficiently strong and is readily soluble in the monomer mixtures.
  • DBU diazabicycloundecene
  • Other cyclic amidines for example diazabicyclo-nonene (DBN) and guanidines are also suitable for catalyzing this polymerization.
  • Group I alkoxide bases such as potassium tert-butoxide, provided they have sufficient solubility in the reaction medium, are typically adequate to promote the desired reaction.
  • Quaternary hydroxides and alkoxides such as tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide or benzyltrimethyl ammonium methoxide, comprise another class of preferred base catalysts to promote the Michael addition reaction.
  • strong, organophilic alkoxide bases can be generated in situ from the reaction between a halide anion (e.g., quaternary halide) and an epoxide moiety.
  • a halide anion e.g., quaternary halide
  • epoxide moiety e.g., quaternary halide
  • the present invention confers an advantage in not requiring a solvent.
  • the high selectivity of the Michael reaction permits the use of monomers such as styrene and methyl methacrylate as inert solvents to give low-viscosity systems that are easily incorporated into a variety of laminating resins.
  • Suitable, non-limiting, non-reactive solvents include styrene, t-butyl styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl acetate, allyl acetate, allyl methacrylate, diallyl phthalate, C ⁇ - C 18 -methacrylate esters, dimethacrylates, and trimethacrylates.
  • the present invention provides a resin having residual pendant unsaturated acrylate groups.
  • Residual pendant unsaturation means that polymerizable acrylic groups are retained by means of careful control of the reactant stoichiometry. That is, there are more acrylic groups than reactive sites on the Michael donor. The nature of that addition reaction leaves pendant (versus present as part of the "backbone" of the structure where it is attached on two sides) acrylic groups away from the site of the Michael addition.
  • the pendant acrylic groups are available for free radical polymerization, further Michael addition crosslinking or "pseudo Michael addition” reactions, e.g., with amines.
  • Michael polyacrylate resin also termed Michael oligomer, Michael adduct, or Michael addition product
  • TMPTA Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
  • DBU diazabicycloundecene
  • EAA Ethyl acetoacetate
  • An aspect of the present invention provides for a dual-cure mechanism.
  • Cycloaliphatic epoxide compounds are added with a suitable cationic photoinitiator to a Michael acrylate resin.
  • Cationic photoinitiators are onium compounds that photolyze when excited by ultraviolet (UV) light. The photo-dissociation of the various onium species yields Lewis or Bronsted acids. (See Koleske, J.V., Radiation Curing of Coatings, ASTM Manual 45, (2002)).
  • free radicals are formed which can catalyze the polymerization of the ethylenic unsaturation present in the resin. Polymerization of epoxides and ethylenically unsaturated compounds is catalyzed by the strong acids dissociated upon photolysis of the onium photo-initiator.
  • the cationic photoinitiators of the present invention are onium salts that, upon UV-irradiation, decompose to form strong acids. More specifically, the photoinitiators comprise aryl sulfonium metallic salts, aryl iodonium metallic salts, and aryl phosphonium metallic salts. These and other cationic photoinitiators are included in Chapter III on "Photoinitiators for Cationic Polymerisation," by J. V. Crivello and K. Dietliker, in Wiley/SITA Series in Surface Coatings Technology, Vol. Ill, G. Bradley, Ed., John Wiley and Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, 1998, p. 329.
  • onium salts are understood to be non-limiting examples of suitable and preferred cationic photoinitiators. Persons of skill in the arts will be familiar with, or will be able to determine with minimal experimentation, other suitable cationic photoinitiators.
  • An example of an aryl sulfonium cation is the triarylsulfonium (e.g., triphenylsulfonium) cation. It is understood that a triaryl sulfonium cation exists as a complex mixture of aryl sulfonium salts.
  • triarylsulfonium is used herein to mean the complex mixture of aryl sulfonium species and/or any one of such species.
  • diaryliodonium e.g., diphenyliodonium
  • diaryliodonium e.g., diphenyliodonium
  • diphenyliodonium e.g., diphenyliodonium
  • a diaryliodonium cation exists as a complex mixture of diaryliodonium salts.
  • diaryliodonium is used herein to mean the complex mixture of aryl iodonium species and/or any one of such species.
  • aryl phosphonium cation is the tetraarylphosphonium (e.g., tetraphenylphosphonium) cation. It is understood that a tetraarylphosphonium cation exists as a complex mixture of tetraarylphosphonium salts.
  • tetraarylphosphonium is used herein to mean the complex mixture of aryl phosphonium species and/or any one of such species.
  • An undissociated onium cationic photoinitiator consists of an onium cation, preferably a polyaryl onium cation complexed with a pseudo-metallic anion (X " ).
  • Preferred pseudo-metallic anions are perfluorometallate anions.
  • Suitable pseudo- metallic anions (X " ) are known to the art. Non-limiting examples of suitable and preferred pseudo-metallic anions include: BF 4 " , PF 6 “ , SbF 6 " , and B(C 6 F 5 ) " .
  • the cationic photoinitiator of the present invention may also comprise an organometallic compound such as an iron arene salt, a zirconocene salt, or a manganese decacarbonyl salt.
  • organometallic compounds are disclosed in Koleske, JV, Radiation Curing of Coatings, ASTM Manual 45 (2002).
  • Michael additions are catalyzed by a strong base such as diazabicycloundecene (DBU). Following the Michael reaction, it is preferred to react, and neutralize, the base by addition of an acidifying agent.
  • DBU diazabicycloundecene
  • Suitable acidifying agents include, but are not limited to, phosphoric acids, carboxylic acids, acid half esters, and inorganic acid esters (e.g., hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate or hydroxyethyl acrylate phosphate).
  • the acidifying agent is added in an amount at least stoichiometric to the base.
  • the acidifying agent may be added in super- stoichiometric amounts, but this may cause shelf stability problems.
  • the reactants Prior to effecting cure, the reactants can be mixed at any time to form a stable, homogeneous mixture provided there are no basic species present (e.g., amines, alkoxides, phenoxides, etc.) that can catalyze crosslinking. Shelf stability, defined qualitatively as the absence of premature gelation (i.e., cure) and minimal increase in resin viscosity, can be achieved provided the system has been adequately “acidified” and the mixture kept free from exposure to actinic light. There is no established “benchmark” in this regard. The criterion of acceptability is defined by the end user.
  • shelf stability defined qualitatively as the absence of premature gelation (i.e., cure) and minimal increase in resin viscosity
  • Epoxides suitable for purposes of the present invention may be chosen by a person skilled in the art from a wide range of commercially-available epoxides. The choice of epoxide is governed by the properties desired to be possessed by the final cured product. To effect crosslinking, the epoxide must be at least bi-functional. A preferred bi-functional epoxide is bis-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)adipate. A more preferred bi-functional epoxide is 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate. Compounds with more than two epoxide functionalities are also suitable for purposes of the present invention.
  • Epoxides suitable for the present invention have a Brookfield viscosity less than about 1,000 cP at 25°C. Suitable epoxides confer strong adhesion to metals upon cure. Persons of skill in the art may readily determine appropriate values of adhesion by among other tests, the ASTM D3359 method as known to the art. Suitable epoxides are clear, single-phase liquids under standard temperatures and pressures. Moreover, suitable epoxides are stable as defined by minimal tendency to separate from, or react with, admixed Michael oligomers.
  • the properties of the final compositions may be suitably modified by inclusion of "modifying epoxides.”
  • Epoxides suitable as modifiers include limonene monoxide, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, and epoxy phenol novolacs. The last two recited epoxides are not considered as cycloaliphatic epoxides. However, they are suitable for the purposes of the present invention.
  • Ultraviolet light photopolymerization was demonstrated by applying a portion of the inventive composition to a surface.
  • the composition was spread over the surface to a thickness of up to about 3 mils.
  • the resins were applied aluminum or stainless steel substrates by the "draw down" technique.
  • Specimens were cured with a Fusion Systems Corp. UV curing unit using a 600-watt H-bulb and a belt-speed of 40 feet/minute.
  • Coating performance properties are measured by a variety of different test methods familiar to persons of skill in the art. Hardness and chemical resistance were assessed on aluminum panels, adhesion was assessed on steel panels, and mar resistance measurements were performed on white painted aluminum panels.
  • Hardness is the ability of a coating to resist cutting, sheering, or penetration by a hard object.
  • a method of measuring the coating's hardness is to scratch the film with pencil leads of known hardness. The result is reported as the hardest lead that will not scratch or cut through the film to the substrate. While this test is quite subjective, it does provide a quick and rather reliable method to determine film hardness.
  • the method follows the procedure of ASTM D3363.
  • Solvent resistance is the ability of a coating to resist solvent attack or film deformity. Rubbing the coating with a cloth saturated with an appropriate solvent is one way to assess when a specific level of solvent resistance is achieved. All rubbing tests were conducted using methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and employed a double rub technique, one complete forward and backward motion over the coated surface. To normalize test strokes, cheesecloth was fixed to the round end of a 16-oz. ball peen hammer. The double rub technique utilizes the weight of the hammer as the operator holds the hammer at the base of the handle. This test was performed until the double rubbing action cut into the film or a noticeable film disorder was evident. The method is modified from the procedure of ASTM D4752.
  • MEK methyl ethyl ketone
  • Mar resistance Measured using an Atlas Crockmeter ® and 0000 steel wool. The test method used is from ASTM D6279, using a black pigmented panel as a substrate and measuring 20° gloss before and after abrasion; or is modified from ASTM 6279 by using a white pigmented substrate panel and measuring 60° gloss. Mar resistance is reported in terms of % gloss retention, defined as (gloss of abraded coating / gloss of unabraded coating) X 100.
  • Adhesion was tested using iron phosphated steel Q-panels ® as the test coating substrate.
  • Q-panel ® is a trademark of Q-Panel Lab Products, Cleveland, Ohio.
  • Adhesion testing was performed by the Crosshatch method on rigid substrates using a modified method of ASTM D3359 by Test Tape Method B, using a Gardco Blade PA-2054 (11 -tooth, 1.5 mm cutter) Test Tape used was Permacel #99.
  • the ASTM test reports values from 0B to 5B, with 0B being a total failure, and 5B characterizing excellent adhesion.
  • Novel Michael addition polyacrylate resins based on Michael donors ethyl acetoacetate and 2,4-pentanedione were synthesized according to the method described in US 5,945,489 and US 6,025,410.
  • the Michael polyacrylate resins were mixed with various cycloaliphatic epoxides at different levels.
  • the resin/epoxide compositions were then applied to phosphated steel substrates and cured" at a UV dosage of 1500 mJ/cm 2 . All tests were conducted on the cured resin coatings 24 hours after UV irradiation to ensure that the subsequent so-called "dark cure" of the epoxy component was complete. Results are collectively reported in Tables I, II, and III: TABLE I.
  • Michael addition polyacrylate resin A was a 75/25 molar blend of hexanediol diacrylate (HDD A) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) reacted with ethyl acetoacetate in a 2.2: 1 molar ratio of total acceptor to donor, and neutralized with Ebecryl 168 (hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate).
  • HDD A hexanediol diacrylate
  • TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate
  • the epoxy compounds were CYRACURE® UVR-6105 and CYRACURE® UVR-6128 (Union Carbide Corp), respectively, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4- epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate and bis-(3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl) adipate, respectively.
  • the photoinitiator used was CD-1010® (Sartomer), a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts 50% in propylene carbonate.
  • the leveling agent used was Fluorad® FC 4430 (3M Corp.). TABLE II.
  • Michael addition polyacrylate resin B in Table II was a 94.4/5.6 molar blend of HDDA and Laromer PE 55 F (BASF), a polyester acrylate with mol. wt. of about 1000, reacted with 2,4- ⁇ entanedione in a 2.2: 1 molar ratio and neutralized with Ebecryl 168.
  • BASF Laromer PE 55 F
  • a Michael addition polyacrylate resin based on HDDA and TMPTA in the ratio 75:25 and ethyl acetoacetate was synthesized according to the method described in US 5,945,489 and US 6,025,410.
  • This resin was mixed with UvacureTM 1562 (UCB Chemicals) an acrylate-cycloaliphatic epoxide blend containing both acrylate and epoxy functionality.
  • UvacureTM 1562 UMB Chemicals
  • the mixtures were then applied to phosphated steel or aluminum substrate and cured at a UV dosage of 1500 mJ/cm .
  • Adhesion, solvent resistance, pencil hardness, gloss, and mar resistance are as given above preceding the Examples. As explained in Example 1, all tests were conducted 24 hours after UV irradiation. Table IV
  • Dual cure or "hybrid cure” coating systems are similar to those for standard coatings, i.e., for substrate protection and/or decoration.
  • the utility of dual cure capability allows for the development of ultimate film properties with greater latitude than conventional coating technologies. For instance, full cure, as characterized by film hardness and solvent resistance, can be accomplished in seconds with as little as 500 mJ/cm2 of UV radiation (or less) compared to a 30-minute high temperature "bake" for an alkyd or melamine-based coating.
  • the Michael polyacrylate resin / epoxide dual cure system can develop "green strength" or "blocking resistance" with a miniscule UV pulse or with only a tiny amount of amine or peroxide catalyst.
  • the coating can then be manipulated by forming, printing, or laminating operations prior to affecting full cure. Once fully cured, many coatings are more difficult to bend or form and/or they don't adhere as well during forming operations.
  • the capability of dual cure allows for manipulation of the substrate in ways that conventional systems, including conventional UV-cured coatings, cannot emulate.
  • Monoacrylates can be employed to moderate resin properties as needed. For instance, addition of up to 25 mol % of a monofunctional acrylate (e.g., isobornyl acrylate, BOA) allows for "toughening" of a coating without increasing brittleness through greater crosslinking.
  • a monofunctional acrylate e.g., isobornyl acrylate, BOA
  • Other monofunctional monomers such as 2-(2- ethoxyethoxyethyl) acrylate (EOEOEA) or dodecyl acrylate, may be added to moderate film adhesion to substrates or to enhance incorporation of pigments, nano particles, waxes or silicones into a coating formulation.
  • Suitable monoacrylates include, but are not limited to, simple Ci - C 18 acrylate esters, isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (THFFA), 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate (EOEOEA), phenoxyethyl acrylate (PEA), hydroxyalkyl acrylate, monoalkyl polyalkylene glycol acrylate, siloxane acrylate, silane acrylate, silicone acrylate, perfluoroalkyl acrylate, caprolactone acrylate, and mixtures thereof.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epoxy Resins (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions oligomères liquides photopolymérisables. Ces compositions oligomères sont préparées à partir d'époxydes cycloaliphatiques et de résines de polyacrylate d'addition de Michael synthétisées à partir d'acrylates multifonctionnels et de donneurs de Michael beta -dicarbonyliques, et notamment de beta -cétoesters, de beta -dicétones, de beta -cétoamides ou de beta -cétoanilides ou de combinaisons correspondantes. Lesdites compositions oligomères sont décrites conjointement avec leurs utilisations et leurs procédés de préparation.
EP04810830A 2003-11-14 2004-11-12 Produits reactionnels a double durcissement a base d'acrylates multifonctionnels a photo-initiation spontanee comprenant des composes epoxydiques cycloaliphatiques Withdrawn EP1685193A4 (fr)

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US10/712,044 US7041749B2 (en) 2002-12-17 2003-11-14 Dual cure reaction products of self-photoinitiating multifunction acrylates with cycloaliphatic epoxy compounds
PCT/US2004/037807 WO2005048866A2 (fr) 2003-11-14 2004-11-12 Produits reactionnels a double durcissement a base d'acrylates multifonctionnels a photo-initiation spontanee comprenant des composes epoxydiques cycloaliphatiques

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EP2315741B1 (fr) 2008-07-23 2015-04-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Modificateurs liquides réactifs
EP2310436B1 (fr) 2008-07-23 2012-12-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhésifs structurels à base d'époxy en deux parties
CN102311520A (zh) * 2011-08-05 2012-01-11 大连方盛塑料有限公司 一种热塑性塑料
ES2639396T3 (es) 2011-10-07 2017-10-26 Allnex Netherlands B.V. Una composición para su uso en un proceso para la preparación de una composición reticulable por RMA
ES2802811T3 (es) * 2012-03-05 2021-01-21 Archer Daniels Midland Co Uso de microemulsiones como sistemas de administración
JP6183642B2 (ja) 2012-08-10 2017-08-23 株式会社リコー 活性光線硬化組成物、並びにこれを用いた活性光線硬化型インクジェット印刷用インク組成物及び活性光線硬化型接着剤組成物
BR112015025624B1 (pt) 2013-04-08 2021-09-08 Allnex Netherlands B.V Composição reticulável, kit, método para preparação de uma composição reticulável, e, composições de revestimento
WO2016050398A1 (fr) * 2014-10-01 2016-04-07 Basf Se Procédé pour faire durcir des compositions durcissables
EP3283588B1 (fr) 2015-04-17 2025-06-18 Allnex Netherlands B.V. Résine réticulable rma et son utilisation dans des compositions réticulables rma
EP3283583A1 (fr) 2015-04-17 2018-02-21 Allnex Netherlands B.V. Procédé de production d'une composition réticulable
WO2016166361A1 (fr) 2015-04-17 2016-10-20 Nuplex Resins B.V. Compositions de revêtement de sol
US20180163081A1 (en) 2015-04-17 2018-06-14 Allnex Netherlands B.V. A rma crosslinkable composition with improved adhesion
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KR102065717B1 (ko) * 2016-12-26 2020-01-13 주식회사 엘지화학 편광자 보호 필름, 이를 포함하는 편광판, 상기 편광판을 포함하는 액정 디스플레이 장치, 및 편광자 보호 필름용 코팅 조성물
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BRPI0416519A (pt) 2007-03-06
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WO2005048866A2 (fr) 2005-06-02
CN1910234A (zh) 2007-02-07
JP2007511641A (ja) 2007-05-10
EP1685193A4 (fr) 2006-12-13
WO2005048866A3 (fr) 2005-09-15

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